Nepenthes - Knowledge

1885: 1797: 439: 2088: 486: 1660: 90: 2247: 984: 2068: 2010: 11674: 51: 509:(the "lip"), which is slippery and often quite colorful, attracting prey, but offering an unsure footing. The prey-capture effectiveness of the peristome is further enhanced in moist environments, where condensation may cause a thin water film to form on the surface of the peristome. When wet, the slippery surface of the peristome causes insects to ‘aquaplane’, or slip and fall, into the pitcher. Above the peristome is a lid (the 1370: 1527:. During the day, a bat may roost above the digestive fluid inside the pitcher. While a bat is inside, it may defaecate, with the plant gaining nitrogen from the droppings. Further research has discovered that the shape and design of the pitcher has evolved to be an acoustic reflector to make it easier for bats to echo-locate, and distinguishes it from other closely related species that don't make good roosts. 1395: 1322: 1349: 1203: 1419: 1373: 797: 1946:(the) leaf-tip ends in a long hanging tendril, twisted spirally in the middle, from which hangs a sort of vase, oblong, pot-bellied, with a smooth lip with a projecting margin and a lid affixed to one side, which of its own nature freely opens and closes in order to receive the dew and store it. A marvellous work of the Lord! 1398: 1371: 1396: 1325: 1352: 1323: 1350: 1872:

with the help of clerks and artists. In 1687, with the project nearing completion, at least half of the illustrations were lost in a fire. Persevering, Rumphius and his helpers first completed the book in 1690. However, two years later, the ship carrying the manuscript to the Netherlands was attacked

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species, are called nepenthophiles. Nepenthexenes, on the other hand, are rarely found in the pitchers, but will often appear when putrefaction approaches a certain threshold, attracting fly larvae that would normally not be found in the pitcher infaunal community. The complex ecological relationship

1109:, with 1,200 m (3,937 ft) the rough delineation between lowland and highland. Species growing at lower altitudes require continuously warm climates with little difference between day and night temperatures, whereas highland species thrive when they receive warm days and much cooler nights. 523:

species usually produce two types of pitchers, known as leaf dimorphism. Appearing near the base of the plant are the large, lower traps, which typically sit on the ground. The upper or aerial pitchers are usually smaller, coloured differently, and possess different features from the lower pitchers.

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This urn is hollow, as I have just said, usually full of soft, clear water, and then closed. It opens during the day and more than half the liquid disappears, but this loss is repaired during the night, and the next day the urn is full again and closed by its lid. This is its sustenance, and enough

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that may be crucial to the retention of insects within the traps of many species. The and has monkey powers to help in viscoelastic fluid in pitchers is especially effective in the retention of winged insects. The trapping efficiency of this fluid remains high, even when significantly diluted by

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Highland forms are those species that grow in habitats generally higher in elevation, and thus exposed to cooler evening temperatures. Lowland forms are those species growing nearer to sea level. Both forms respond best to rainwater (but some tap water works as long as it is flushed monthly with

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It is a plant growing about 3 feet high which carries at the end of its leaves, which are 7 inches long, a hollow flower or fruit resembling a small vase, with its own lid, a wonderful sight. There are red ones and yellow ones, the yellow being the biggest. The inhabitants of this country are

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reluctant to pick the flowers, saying that if somebody does pick them in passing, it will not fail to rain that day. As to that, I and all the other Frenchmen did pick them, but it did not rain. After rain these flowers are full of water, each one containing a good half-glass.

1080:) in the southeast. Most species are restricted to very small ranges, including some found only on individual mountains. These limited distributions and the inaccessibility of the regions often means some species go decades without being rediscovered in the wild (e.g. 2237:

which are listed in CITES Appendix I. The CITES listing means all international trade (including in parts and derivatives) is controlled by the CITES permitting system, with wild sourced specimens of Appendix I species prohibited from commercial international trade.

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The lower part of the trap contains glands which absorb nutrients from captured prey. Along the upper inside part of the trap is a slick, waxy coating which makes the escape of its prey nearly impossible. Surrounding the entrance to the trap is a structure called the

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plants that could produce secondary metabolites and antimicrobial proteins to kill bacteria and fungi were most likely more fit. Plants that produced antimicrobial compounds could prevent loss of valuable nutrients gained from insects within the pitcher. Since

751:, it certainly will be for all botanists. What botanist would not be filled with admiration if, after a long journey, he should find this wonderful plant. In his astonishment past ills would be forgotten when beholding this admirable work of the Creator! 2205:, or on sterile plant tissue culture media once they have been properly disinfected. The seeds generally become nonviable soon after harvesting, so seed are not usually the preferred method of propagation. A 1:1 mixture of orchid medium with moss or 1301:

directly beneath the peristome. These trichomes—or "hairs"—are palatable to termites and will attract them to the pitcher. In the course of collecting the edible trichomes, hundreds or thousands of termites will fall into the pitcher.

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The root draws up moisture from the earth which with the help of the sun's rays rises up into the plant itself and then flows down through the stems and nerves of the leaves into the natural utensil to be stored there until used for human needs.

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These upper pitchers usually form as the plant reaches maturity and the plant grows taller. To keep the plant steady, the upper pitchers often form a loop in the tendril, allowing it to wrap around nearby support. In some species (e.g.

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and fungicides after the pitcher opens. While the digestive fluid is being produced, the pitcher is not yet open, so there is no chance of microbial contamination. During pitcher development, at least 29 digestive proteins including

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species, which have been found eating the exudate and defecating into the pitcher. A 2009 study, which coined the term "tree shrew lavatories", determined between 57 and 100% of the plant's foliar nitrogen uptake comes from the

1588:: the infauna is given shelter, food, or protection, and the plant that harbours the infauna receives expedited breakdown of captured prey, increasing the rate of digestion and keeping harmful bacterial populations repressed. 2158:

rainwater or water low in dissolved solid and chemicals), bright light (though some species can grow in full sun), a well-drained medium, good air circulation and relatively high humidity, although easier species such as

1638:), preventing rain water from entering. The lid inhibits rainwater from diluting the digestive fluid. Once the bacteria and fungi enter the fluid, secondary metabolites are produced in addition to antimicrobial proteins. 829:

that had been raised as a pet and later freed. As I approached it gingerly in the forest, I offered it a half-full pitcher. To my surprise, the ape accepted it, and with the finesse of a lady at tea, executed a delicate

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can adapt to lower humidity environments. Highland species must have night-time cooling to thrive in the long term. Chemical fertilisers are best used at low strength. Occasional feeding with frozen (thawed before use)

482:), which in some species aids in climbing, protrudes from the tip of the leaf; at the end of the tendril the pitcher forms. The pitcher starts as a small bud and gradually expands to form a globe- or tube-shaped trap. 5461: 1374: 1399: 1326: 1353: 426:

plants, receiving warm days but cool to cold, humid nights year round. A few are considered tropical alpine, with cool days and nights near freezing. The name "monkey cups" refers to the fact that

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Poppinga, S.; Koch, K.; Bohn, H.F.; Barthlott, W. (2010). "Comparative and functional morphology of hierarchically structured anti-adhesive surfaces in carnivorous plants and kettle trap flowers".

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or climbing stem, often several metres long and up to 15 m (49 ft) or more, and usually 1 cm (0.4 in) or less in diameter, although this may be thicker in a few species (e.g.

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developed, and then escaped to Asia and India as Africa collided with Europe and the ensuing climate change wiped out the ancestral species in the original habitat. About 20 million years ago,

969:, which rest during their migrations in swampy habitats and may have inadvertently picked up the seeds. This hypothesis is possibly reinforced by the success of the lowland swamp-dwelling 1642:, a class of secondary metabolite, are commonly produced, and these either kill or inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria and fungi. This adaptation could have evolved since 1428:

supporting a large population of mosquito larvae. The upright lid of this species exposes its pitchers to the elements such that they are often completely filled with fluid.

885:, no protomodern characteristics or large variations are found, which suggests that all extant species radiated from a single close ancestor bearing all the modern traits. 1279:. The composition of prey captured depends on many factors, including location, but can incorporate hundreds of individual insects and many different species. While many 1086:, which was rediscovered 100 years after its initial discovery). About 10 species have population distributions larger than a single island or group of smaller islands. 1934:. Despite living in the country for around 35 years, it seems unlikely that Loureiro observed living plants of this species, as he stated the lid is a moving part, 5062:

Meimberg, H.; Wistuba, A.; Dittrich, P.; Heubl, G. (2001). "Molecular Phylogeny of Nepenthaceae Based on Cladistic Analysis of Plastid trnK Intron Sequence Data".

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to supplement their nutrient requirements for growth, given these soil nutrients are typically lacking. The most frequent prey is an abundant and diverse group of

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Rottloff, Sandy; Miguel, Sissi; Biteau, Flore; Nisse, Estelle; Hammann, Philippe; Kuhn, Lauriane; Chicher, Johana; Bazile, Vincent; Gaume, Laurence (2016-03-01).

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finally arrived in the Netherlands in 1696. Even then, the first volume did not appear until 1741, 39 years after Rumphius's death. By this time, Linnaeus's name

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moss in a plastic bag or tank with high humidity and moderate light. They can begin to root in one to two months and start to form pitchers in about six months.

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Athauda, S.B.P.; Matsumoto, K.; Rajapakshe, S.; Kuribayashi, M.; Kojima, M.; Kubomura-Yoshida, N.; Iwamatsu, A.; Shibata, C.; Inoue, H.; Takahashi, K. (2004).

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has been used for germination and culture. Seed may take two months to germinate, and two years or more to yield mature plants. Cuttings may be rooted in damp

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Chin, L.; Moran, J.A.; Clarke, C. (2010). "Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size".

2047:. This is evidenced by the fact that no new species were described between 1940 and 1966. The revival of global interest in the cultivation and study of 3761:

Moran, J.A. (2003). "From carnivore to detritivore? Isotopic evidence for leaf litter utilization by the tropical pitcher plant Nepenthes ampullaria".

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or the "miraculous distilling plant", and was the first to clearly illustrate a tropical pitcher plant. Three years later, in 1686, English naturalist

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Riedel, M.; Eichner, A.; Meimberg, H.; Jetter, R. (2007). "Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on the slippery zone in pitchers of five

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is now used commercially and helps reduce collection of wild plants, as well as making many rare species available to hobbyists at reasonable prices.

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species radiation. The extensive landbridges in the area 20,000 years ago during the ice age would have provided access to the remaining sites of

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The trap contains a fluid of the plant's own production, which may be watery or more viscous, and is used to drown the prey. This fluid contains

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and sunk by the French, forcing them to start over from a copy that had fortunately been retained by Governor-General Johannes Camphuijs. The

530:), different prey may be attracted by the two types of pitchers. This varied morphology also often makes identification of species difficult. 11930: 8449: 1132:, prefer the dense, shaded forests, but most other species thrive on the margins of tree/shrub communities or clearings. Some species (e.g. 8058: 5519: 3024: 3340: 3196: 11956: 7974: 1013: 995: 650: 407: 11852: 8497: 4971: 4959: 4905: 4880: 11917: 11865: 8391: 5592: 4112:

Buch, Franziska; Rott, Matthias; Rottloff, Sandy; Paetz, Christian; Hilke, Ines; Raessler, Michael; Mithöfer, Axel (2012-12-21).

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is distantly related to several modern genera, among these, even the carnivorous relatives , all lack those traits. Among known

3436:"Inventory and conservation of endangered, endemic and economically important flora of Hamiguitan Range, southern Philippines" 165: 8411: 8401: 4422: 4395: 4368: 3915: 3263: 825:, but the implication that monkeys drink the pitcher fluid seemed farfetched. I later proved it true. In Sarawak, I found an 605:

is typically produced in a four-sided capsule which may contain 50–500 wind-distributed seeds, consisting of a central

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and possibly even the Philippines were connected to mainland Asia, providing a bridge for the colonization of most sites of

12038: 1575:). Many of these species specialise to one pitcher plant species and are found nowhere else. These specialists are called 8008: 5628: 3434:

Amoroso, V. B.; Obsioma, L. D.; Arlalejo, J. B.; Aspiras, R. A.; Capili, D. P.; Polizon, J. J. A.; Sumile, E. B. (2009).

2474: 2043:" in the 1880s. However, the popularity of the plants dwindled in the early 20th century, before all but disappearing by 4529:"Enzymatic and structural characterization of nepenthesin, a unique member of a novel subfamily of aspartic proteinases" 7779: 8442: 7725: 5540: 2499:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" 2267: 352: 314: 3435: 1651:

cannot digest certain bacteria and fungi, the bactericides and fungicides allow plants to maximize nutrient uptake.

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Schöner, M. G.; Schöner, C. R.; Simon, R.; Grafe, T. Ulmar; Puechmaille, S. J.; Ji, L. L.; Kerth, G. (2015-07-09).

513:); in many species, this keeps rain from diluting the fluid within the pitcher, the underside of which may contain 7879: 663:

are currently recognised as valid. This number is increasing, with several new species being described each year.

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pitchers: the role of niche differentiation, aggregation, predation and competition in community organization".

2498: 1807:, Volume 5, published in 1747, although probably drawn in the late 17th century. The vine on the right is not a 12028: 813: 551:, such as "frogs, birds, and small mammals". Records of cultivated plants trapping small birds have been made. 11974: 7849: 3120:

Meimberg, H.; Heubl, G. (2006). "Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae".

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digestive fluids are sterile before pitchers open and contain secondary metabolites and proteins that act as

4475: 4459: 11677: 8502: 8492: 8435: 7990: 6740: 5597: 5526: 4927: 2929: 2849: 1613: 575:, which eat the nectar produced by the plant and defecate into the pitchers, providing valuable nutrients. 17: 7909: 7869: 7809: 11751: 8396: 8044: 7982: 2271: 2023: 1017: 11844: 11818: 7819: 7739: 3600:

Robinson, A.S.; Fleischmann, A.S.; McPherson, S.R.; Heinrich, V.B.; Gironella, E.P.; Peña, C.Q. (2009).

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Wong, T.-S.; Kang, S.H.; Tang, S.K.Y.; Smythe, E.J.; Hatton, B.D.; Grinthal, A.; Aizenberg, J. (2011).

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Transporters for ammonium, amino acids and peptides are expressed in pitchers of the carnivorous plant

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of 1737. The drawing depicts the end of a flowering stem with pitchers. Burmann refers to the plant as

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After going blind in 1670, when the manuscript was only partially complete, Rumphius continued work on

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subsequently became the most commonly used name for the tropical pitcher plants, until Linnaeus coined

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pitcher plants capture prey with the peristome, a fully wettable water-lubricated anisotropic surface"

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Beekman, E.M. (2004). "A Note on the Priority of Rumphius' Observation of Decapod Crustacea Living In

2586: 2174: 89: 12033: 11870: 8346: 6350: 5656: 5644: 4335: 3221: 1524: 1156:, or volcanic soils. Exceptions to these generalities include species that thrive in soils with high 656: 646: 348: 220: 204: 31: 7899: 7859: 7839: 7799: 5531: 4918: 8487: 8132: 7966: 7280: 7080: 5830: 3063: 2678:"Slippery or sticky? Functional diversity in the trapping strategy of Nepenthes carnivorous plants" 2458: 1628: 1463:

has also formed a dependent relationship, but with vertebrates instead of insects. The pitchers of

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Jennings, D.E.; Rohr, JR. (2011). "A review of the conservation threats to carnivorous plants".

4114:"Secreted pitfall-trap fluid of carnivorous Nepenthes plants is unsuitable for microbial growth" 2837: 1101:

species occupy, they are often graded as either lowland or highland species, depending on their

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from 65 to 35 million years ago indicates that then-warmer Europe may have been where the proto-

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pitchers as insect traps in Brunei. Ph.D. thesis, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.

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grows at a higher altitude than any other in the genus, up to 3,520 m (11,549 ft).

1076: 1028: 526: 466: 446: 11948: 7769: 3659:"Tree shrew lavatories: a novel nitrogen sequestration strategy in a tropical pitcher plant" 1584:

between pitcher plants and infauna is not yet fully understood, but the relationship may be

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has the distinction of being the most widely distributed species in the genus, ranging from

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grew throughout the 19th century, culminating in what has been called the "Golden Age of

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provide a sugary exudate reward on the reflexed pitcher lid (operculum) and a perch for

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forest areas, roadsides, and disturbed fields. Other species have adapted to growing in

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species and with related species support this conclusion, long genetic distance between

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Merbach, M.A.; Merbach, D.J.; Maschwitz, U.; Booth, W.E.; Fiala, B.; Zizka, G. (2002).

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Mithöfer, Axel (2011-09-01). "Carnivorous pitcher plants: Insights in an old topic".

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species are considered threatened or endangered plants and all of them are listed in

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for more than one day because it is always about half-full at the approach of night.

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The next mention of tropical pitcher plants was made in 1790, when Portuguese priest

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The carriers called them "monkey cups," a name I had heard elsewhere in reference to

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species. Many are plants of hot, humid, lowland areas, but the majority are tropical

64: 5374: 5120: 5054: 4694: 4642: 4090: 3979: 3792: 2287:. Some of the more well-known, artificially produced hybrids and cultivars include: 12000: 11358: 11348: 11308: 11288: 11064: 10994: 10969: 10916: 10690: 10680: 10443: 10380: 10324: 10299: 10045: 9950: 9917: 9707: 9621: 9616: 9591: 9492: 9454: 9362: 9026: 8889: 8864: 8859: 8652: 8569: 8297: 8214: 7460: 7120: 7090: 6940: 6880: 6840: 6780: 6760: 6730: 6520: 6470: 6340: 6120: 5960: 5920: 5860: 5690: 5504: 5484: 5438: 5399: 5354: 5321: 5290: 5282: 5243: 5235: 5188: 5153: 5116: 5079: 5032: 5007: 4936: 4845: 4812: 4784: 4759: 4749: 4728: 4715: 4682: 4634: 4630: 4595: 4587: 4548: 4540: 4507: 4141: 4125: 4086: 4041: 4025: 3959: 3876: 3827: 3819: 3778: 3770: 3715: 3678: 3670: 3617: 3566: 3533: 3447: 3406: 3390: 3157: 3137: 2995: 2987: 2938: 2858: 2808: 2800: 2751: 2741: 2689: 2628: 2566: 2523: 2513: 2277: 2169: 2164: 2018: 1849: 1727: 1634: 1360: 1227:

species attract their prey through active production of attractive colours, sugary

279: 69: 59: 11779: 11743: 5220:"Construction Costs and Physico-chemical Properties of the Assimilatory Organs of 3806:

Grafe, T. U.; Schoner, C. R.; Kerth, G.; Junaidi, A. & Schoner, M. G. (2011).

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of tree shrews. Another study showed the shape and size of the pitcher orifice of

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provides space in the hollow tendrils of its upper pitchers for the carpenter ant

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Clarke, C.M.; Bauer, U.; Lee, C.C.; Tuen, A.A.; Rembold, K.; Moran, J.A. (2009).

3200: 2746: 2227: 2104: 2073: 2059:, whose work in the 1960s and 1970s did much to bring attention to these plants. 1622: 1494: 1459: 1381: 1208: 1162: 1111: 1070: 740: 634: 539: 461: 127: 3516:

Moran, J.A.; Merbach, M.A.; Livingston, N.J.; Clarke, C.M.; Booth, W.E. (2001).

597:), moths, wasps, and butterflies. Their smells can range from sweet to musty or 11631: 11621: 11603: 11575: 11537: 11527: 11479: 11446: 11436: 11431: 11353: 11303: 11250: 11235: 11120: 11034: 10974: 10964: 10868: 10770: 10705: 10695: 10655: 10637: 10438: 10365: 10153: 10115: 10070: 10005: 9980: 9955: 9899: 9813: 9581: 9528: 9464: 9321: 9213: 9190: 9152: 9129: 9119: 8922: 8784: 8723: 8587: 8265: 8185: 8111: 7620: 7470: 6920: 6850: 5890: 5720: 4850: 4833: 4653:

pitcher plants: fauna and food webs. In: J.H. Frank & L.P. Lounibos (eds.)

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Lowrey, T.K. 1991. No. 519: Chromosome and isozyme number in the Nepenthaceae.

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to build nests. The ants take larger prey from the pitchers, which may benefit

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Osunkoya, O.O.; Daud, S.D.; Di-Giusto, B.; Wimmer, F.L.; Holige, T.M. (2007).

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Beaver, R.A. (1979). "Fauna and foodwebs of pitcher plants in west Malaysia".

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and precipitation and moderate to high light levels. A few species, including

796: 12017: 11717: 11613: 11542: 11512: 11489: 11484: 11469: 11421: 11388: 11383: 11318: 11112: 11097: 11044: 11024: 10984: 10979: 10959: 10921: 10873: 10820: 10810: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10730: 10645: 10622: 10604: 10572: 10557: 10519: 10423: 10403: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10241: 10236: 10216: 10201: 10163: 10158: 10105: 10095: 10090: 10040: 10020: 9995: 9985: 9886: 9808: 9788: 9727: 9722: 9702: 9636: 9606: 9566: 9474: 9469: 9416: 9286: 9248: 9223: 9195: 9180: 9124: 9104: 9099: 9016: 8983: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8914: 8904: 8894: 8874: 8844: 8776: 8743: 8733: 8700: 8690: 8680: 8549: 8531: 8463: 8416: 8162: 8139: 8096: 6040: 5572: 4719: 4137: 4037: 3451: 3402: 2056: 1550: 850: 700: 676: 586: 571:

flowers on separate plants. Three species have symbiotic relationships with

450: 395: 183: 5099:

Mithöfer, A (2011). "Carnivorous pitcher plants: insights in an old topic".

4754: 2246: 743:, is a drug that quells all sorrows with forgetfulness. Linnaeus explained: 11987: 11552: 11547: 11532: 11522: 11461: 11343: 11328: 11298: 11255: 11245: 11199: 11176: 11166: 11138: 11039: 11019: 10989: 10931: 10878: 10800: 10755: 10715: 10670: 10660: 10650: 10542: 10511: 10476: 10461: 10375: 10370: 10276: 10030: 10025: 9990: 9970: 9945: 9932: 9922: 9894: 9851: 9846: 9803: 9770: 9755: 9717: 9694: 9631: 9626: 9611: 9576: 9558: 9510: 9449: 9444: 9436: 9311: 9271: 9205: 9185: 9175: 9167: 9134: 9094: 9041: 9036: 9031: 8973: 8968: 8932: 8849: 8728: 8685: 8582: 8559: 8523: 8251: 8177: 8170: 8154: 5496: 5452: 5413: 5366: 5304: 5257: 5202: 5158: 5138:"Aspects of Pitcher Morphology and Spectral Characteristics of Six Bornean 5137: 5128: 5046: 4859: 4773: 4609: 4591: 4562: 4465:(covers species from Malaysia, Indonesia and New Guinea, but not elsewhere) 4438: 4155: 4098: 4055: 3971: 3890: 3841: 3823: 3727: 3692: 3674: 3578: 3538: 3517: 3420: 3149: 3009: 2991: 2822: 2765: 2703: 2044: 2032: 1862: 1756:

was again described in 1683, this time by Swedish physician and naturalist

1735: 1448: 1137: 886: 866: 790: 619: 494: 213: 4941: 4921:

The Enduring Controversies Concerning the Process of Protein Digestion in

4519: 3317:

Zahl, P.A. (1964). "Malaysia's Giant Flowers and Insect-trapping Plants".

3141: 2943: 2916: 2862: 2804: 11878: 11766: 11726: 11507: 11403: 11363: 11338: 11333: 11323: 11191: 11181: 11171: 11153: 11102: 11054: 11049: 11029: 11009: 10936: 10863: 10805: 10760: 10700: 10665: 10562: 10552: 10496: 10408: 10347: 10342: 10294: 10266: 10246: 10206: 10188: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10055: 10050: 10015: 9909: 9866: 9841: 9765: 9737: 9732: 9571: 9548: 9533: 9502: 9421: 9296: 9276: 9238: 9089: 9084: 9061: 9046: 8988: 8978: 8884: 8879: 8831: 8748: 8672: 8657: 8634: 8629: 8554: 8541: 8318: 8272: 8199: 8021: 8016: 5286: 5239: 5083: 4356: 4129: 4029: 2617:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase" 2067: 2009: 1813: 1600: 1541:

Organisms that spend at least part of their lives within the pitchers of

983: 890: 861:

An absence of evidence of intermediate species, fossil or living (i.e. a

582: 497: 471: 379: 77: 5488: 5037: 5020: 4617:

Beaver, R.A. (1979). "Biological studies of the fauna of pitcher plants

3067:. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: Natural History Publications (Borneo). 1853:. Rumphius described the plants in his most famous work, the six-volume 1148:

species grow are usually acidic and low in nutrients, being composed of

11857: 11590: 11580: 11557: 11441: 11378: 11313: 11240: 11217: 11143: 11089: 10999: 10853: 10840: 10815: 10795: 10547: 10529: 10501: 10471: 10466: 10398: 10357: 10334: 10271: 10261: 10211: 10196: 10125: 10080: 10065: 9975: 9876: 9856: 9818: 9798: 9520: 9426: 9306: 9291: 9281: 9011: 8960: 8899: 8854: 8705: 8662: 8621: 8612: 8353: 8290: 8243: 8229: 8125: 8088: 4834:"Carnivorous pitcher plant uses free radicals in the digestion of prey" 4824: 4544: 3963: 2528: 1865:. However, it would not be published until many years after his death. 1468: 1236: 1181: 966: 958: 954: 918: 894: 548: 387: 383: 4661:

Beaver, R.A. (1985). "Geographical variation in food web structure in

2555:(Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines" 2130:

has both lowland and highland forms), some easy lowlander species are

1833:. Rumphius illustrated the first one, now considered synonymous with 1549:

infauna. The most common infaunal species, often representing the top

1231:, and sweet scents. From this relationship, the plants primarily gain 1219:

species and their environments, including other organisms, is that of

30:

This article is about the tropical pitcher plant. For other uses, see

11883: 11800: 11598: 11567: 11499: 11368: 11227: 11209: 11161: 11130: 11059: 11004: 10941: 10926: 10911: 10848: 10830: 10765: 10740: 10577: 10481: 10433: 10413: 10060: 9965: 9940: 9411: 9403: 9301: 9266: 9243: 9233: 9218: 9157: 9114: 9074: 9051: 8821: 8753: 8644: 8374: 8222: 4526: 4482:. Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, Information Retrieval. 3783: 1720: 1617: 1609: 1451:

of collected organic matter that could harm the natural community of

1260: 1240: 1220: 1177: 1167: 1153: 1106: 1091: 826: 572: 506: 403: 391: 371: 360: 340: 11688: 5325: 5193: 5168: 4832:

Chia, T.F.; Aung, H.H.; Osipov, A.N.; Goh, N.K.; Chia, L.S. (2004).

4816: 4792: 3808:"A novel resource-service mutualism between bats and pitcher plants" 3599: 3570: 3258:(4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 271. 50: 11982: 11711: 11451: 11373: 11283: 11265: 11014: 10951: 10903: 10893: 10750: 10567: 10453: 10428: 10390: 10231: 10100: 10085: 9871: 9861: 9836: 9793: 9760: 9669: 9596: 9393: 9376: 9228: 9144: 8998: 8813: 8803: 8715: 8360: 8339: 8332: 8311: 8236: 8192: 5606: 3857:"Bats Are Acoustically Attracted to Mutualistic Carnivorous Plants" 3774: 3097:

Heubl, G.R.; Wistuba, A. (1997). "A cytological study of the genus

2966:

Clarke, Charles; Moran, Jonathan A.; Chin, Lijin (1 October 2010).

2284: 2198: 2092: 1962: 1765: 1723: 1605: 1554: 1298: 1256: 1232: 1191: 1123: 1102: 962: 934: 709: 594: 470:). From the stems arise alternate, sword-shaped leaves with entire 419: 375: 140: 73: 11805: 3606:

L. (Nepenthaceae) pitcher plant from central Palawan, Philippines"

2035:

original introduction of specimens to Europe in 1789, interest in

1992:

of India", although this species is absent from the mainland. In

1700:, after a local name. More than a century later, this species was 1679:

dates back to the 17th century. In 1658, French colonial governor

1388:

digestive fluid prevent prey escape, whether the fall is ventral..

11896: 11413: 11079: 10178: 10133: 9828: 9780: 9747: 9661: 9385: 9331: 8839: 8146: 4494:

Amagase, S.; Nakayama, S.; Tsugita, A. (1969). "Acid protease in

2614: 2206: 1931: 1734:, Latin for "marvellous herb". Three years later, Dutch merchant 1339: 1290: 1271:

are more unusual, but not unheard of. The most uncommon prey for

1141: 1016:

found on Borneo, Sumatra, and the Philippines, especially in the

946: 930: 869:

timeline for the development of the distinctive traits of modern

691: 622: 560: 534: 479: 423: 415: 363: 191: 4472: 2167:

may be beneficial. Terrarium culture of smaller plants, such as

949:. The main complication with this hypothesis is the presence of 9684: 9651: 9258: 9069: 8304: 3938:

Mogi, M.; Yong, H.S. (1992). "Aquatic arthropod communities in

2917:"A case of bird capture by a cultivated specimen of the hybrid 2662:

Barthlott, W., Porembski, S., Seine, R., and Theisen, I. 2007.

1683:

published a description of a pitcher plant in his seminal work

1520: 1473: 1252: 1248: 1228: 926: 874: 696: 606: 598: 568: 556: 552: 514: 475: 427: 411: 11792: 1202: 811:

The name "monkey cups" was discussed in the May 1964 issue of

303: 4014:"Proteome analysis of digestive fluids in Nepenthes pitchers" 3433: 2222: 2189:, is possible, but most plants will get too large over time. 2052: 1965:

of this most cosmopolitan of tropical pitcher plant species.

1858: 1562: 1264: 906:

and others, and abruptly diverging "pom-pom" grouping of the

839: 770: 731: 722: 704: 686: 590: 399: 367: 356: 324: 101: 5061: 4655:

Phytotelmata: Plants as Hosts for Aquatic Insect Communities

3552: 3515: 2715: 2713: 1984:. He gave the former its current name and called the latter 1418: 1283:

species are generalists in what they capture, at least one,

1251:

topping the menu. Other arthropods found frequently include

300: 8066: 5332: 5267:"Carnivorous Syndrome in Asian Pitcher Plants of the Genus 5217: 3440:

Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants

2722:"A viscoelastic deadly fluid in carnivorous pitcher plants" 2202: 1566: 1268: 1149: 602: 564: 294: 4387:

The Savage Garden, Revised: Cultivating Carnivorous Plants

4350: 2496: 8457: 5311: 5264: 4011: 2710: 2102:

may be cultivated in greenhouses. Easier species include

1558: 1244: 285: 4576:

pitchers are activated by rain, condensation and nectar"

3854: 3805: 3476:. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. 3028:. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. 430:

were once thought to drink rainwater from the pitchers.

3647:. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. 3225:. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. 1968:

Loureiro's description of a moving lid was repeated by

1843:, meaning "tankard-bearer". The second, referred to as 460:

species usually consist of a shallow root system and a

4493: 2781:"The carnivorous syndrome in Nepenthes pitcher plants" 1480:

exactly match the dimensions of a typical tree shrew (

1206:

A drowned lizard found in a freshly opened pitcher of

5142:

Pitcher Plant Species: Implications for Prey Capture"

4803:

Carlquist, S (1981). "Wood Anatomy of Nepenthaceae".

4111: 3907:

Darwin's Most Wonderful Plants: Darwin's Botany Today

3745:

Giant meat-eating plants prefer to eat tree shrew poo

1579:. Others, often associated with but not dependent on 961:. The seeds were thought to have been transferred by 315: 306: 297: 282: 4357:

James Pietropaolo; Patricia Ann Pietropaolo (1986).

3369:

Amoroso, Victor B.; Aspiras, Reyno A. (2011-01-01).

2608: 291: 5018: 4471:in: Watson, L., and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). 2890:"Killer plant 'eats' great tit at Somerset nursery" 1094:and throughout the Malay Archipelago to Australia. 1020:. The full range of the genus includes Madagascar ( 288: 5459: 5381: 5265:Pavlovič, A.; Masarovičová, E.; Hudák, J. (2007). 4657:. Plexus Publishing, New Jersey. pp. 129–159. 3656: 3546: 3518:"Termite prey specialization in the pitcher plant 2968:"Mutualism between tree shrews and pitcher plants" 1405:..or dorsal. (All videos recorded at 500 frames/s) 5135: 4831: 4383: 3484: 3482: 3334: 3332: 12015: 5136:Moran, J.A.; Booth, W.E.; Charles, J.K. (1999). 4569: 4498:. II. Study on the specificity of nepenthesin". 3371:"Hamiguitan Range: A sanctuary for native flora" 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2192:Plants can be propagated by seed, cuttings, and 1307:Prey retention by viscoelastic pitcher fluid of 501:water, as inevitably happens in wet conditions. 5382:Schulze, W.; Frommer, W.B.; Ward, J.M. (1999). 4741:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4377: 3705: 2965: 1553:of the infaunal ecosystem, are many species of 1289:, has specialised and almost exclusively traps 1122:species grow in environments that provide high 9353: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3479: 3368: 3329: 8443: 8052: 5622: 4649:Beaver, R.A. 1983. The communities living in 4623:Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 4410: 3555:"Mass march of termites into the deadly trap" 3119: 3060: 2914: 2719: 2641: 355:and many cultivated hybrids. They are mostly 8775: 4989: 4241:. In: Miscellanea curiosa sive Ephemeridum. 3096: 3025:Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia 2875:Moran, J.A. 1991. The role and mechanism of 2615:Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). 1930:, or the "marvellous urn-shaped leaf", from 1144:-like grass communities. The soils in which 633:=80. This high number is thought to reflect 585:, the primary agents being flies (including 4726: 4570:Bauer, U.; Bohn, H.F.; Federle, W. (2008). 3986: 3650: 3630: 3338: 3056: 3054: 1591: 1338:) can escape after landing in water on its 1197: 1097:Because of the nature of the habitats that 978: 873:, which include its relatively rare strict 609:and two wings, one on either side (though 8450: 8436: 8059: 8045: 5629: 5615: 5166: 5019:Karagatzides, J.D.; Ellison, A.M. (2009). 3754: 3509: 3281:Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 3215: 3213: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3016: 1972:in 1797. Poiret described two of the four 856: 49: 5442: 5403: 5294: 5247: 5192: 5169:"Materials science: slippery when wetted" 5157: 5036: 4940: 4849: 4802: 4763: 4753: 4599: 4552: 4243:Med. Phys. Germ. Acad. Nat. Cur. Decuriae 4180: 4178: 4145: 4045: 3931: 3880: 3831: 3782: 3739: 3737: 3682: 3621: 3537: 3488: 3464: 3410: 2999: 2942: 2835: 2812: 2772: 2755: 2745: 2693: 2632: 2570: 2548: 2542: 2527: 2517: 2490: 2196:. Seeds are usually sown on damp chopped 651:List of Nepenthes species by distribution 5098: 4972:Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc. 4906:Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc. 4881:Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc. 4572:"Harmless nectar source or deadly trap: 4404: 4296:5, lib. 7, cap. 61, p. 121, t. 59, t. 2. 4170:Histoire de la Grande Isle de Madagascar 4068: 3937: 3903: 3610:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 3297: 3251: 2675: 2664:The Curious World of Carnivorous Plants. 2506:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 2245: 2241: 2086: 2066: 2008: 1953:was eventually transferred to the genus 1883: 1795: 1730:made brief mention of it under the name 1685:Histoire de la Grande Isle de Madagascar 1658: 1455:species that aid the plant's digestion. 1417: 1201: 982: 795: 484: 437: 10891: 8392:International Carnivorous Plant Society 5593:International Carnivorous Plant Society 4916: 4891: 4866: 4701: 4201: 3763:International Journal of Plant Sciences 3699: 3522:—evidence from stable isotope analysis" 3210: 3205:International Carnivorous Plant Society 3092: 3090: 3031: 2126:. These four species are highlanders ( 1713:The second species to be described was 1557:larvae. Other infaunal species include 14: 12016: 9660: 4957: 4660: 4616: 4226:Prodromus Fasciculi Rariorum Plantarum 4204:Acta Medica et Philosophica Hafniensia 4175: 3992: 3734: 3278: 2031:With the discovery of new species and 1821:Around the same time, German botanist 1504:, and is also likely to be present in 1297:gains its name from the ring of white 11693: 11692: 9649: 8431: 8412:List of carnivorous plant periodicals 8402:North American Sarracenia Conservancy 8040: 5610: 5555:at the Carnivorous Plant Photo Finder 5420: 4805:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 4512:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129166 3760: 2778: 2000:, he included the following account: 1777:One of the earliest illustrations of 1486:). A similar adaptation was found in 1359:The same is true if the fly falls in 1215:The most obvious interaction between 5636: 3375:Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 3316: 3087: 2596:. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. 2023 2091:Nepenthes cultivated in a garden at 1742:, after a local name for the plant. 1654: 1569:, ants, and even a species of crab ( 917:-like plants living on the northern 763:(බාඳුරා), a species from Sri Lanka. 625:, with all studied species having a 7723: 2840:A second record of rats as prey in 2579: 2497:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). 2225:Appendix II, with the exception of 1523:, has a symbiotic partnership with 877:and carnivorous pitchers. Although 721:) literally means "without grief" ( 489:Basic structure of an upper pitcher 24: 7952: 4687:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1985.tb00720.x 4580:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 4486: 4273:Utricaria vegetabilis zeylanensium 3341:"Evolution -- Nepenthes Phylogeny" 3279:Veitch, H.J. (1897). "Nepenthes". 3219:Clarke, C.M. & C.C. Lee 2004. 1787:Utricaria vegetabilis zeylanensium 773:name in 1753 in Linnaeus's famous 699:"Nepenthes pharmakon" is given to 25: 12050: 7930: 7920: 7910: 7900: 7890: 7880: 7870: 7860: 7850: 7840: 7830: 7820: 7810: 7800: 7790: 7780: 7770: 7760: 7750: 7740: 7702: 7692: 7682: 7631: 7621: 7611: 7601: 7591: 7581: 7571: 7561: 7551: 7541: 7531: 7521: 7511: 7501: 7491: 7481: 7471: 7461: 7451: 7441: 7431: 7421: 7411: 7401: 7391: 7381: 7371: 7361: 7351: 7341: 7331: 7321: 7311: 7301: 7291: 7281: 7271: 7261: 7251: 7241: 7231: 7221: 7211: 7201: 7191: 7181: 7171: 7161: 7151: 7141: 7131: 7121: 7111: 7101: 7091: 7081: 7071: 7061: 7051: 7041: 7031: 7021: 7011: 7001: 6991: 6981: 6971: 6961: 6951: 6941: 6931: 6921: 6911: 6901: 6891: 6881: 6871: 6861: 6851: 6841: 6831: 6821: 6811: 6801: 6791: 6781: 6771: 6761: 6751: 6741: 6731: 6721: 6711: 6701: 6691: 6681: 6671: 6661: 6651: 6641: 6631: 6621: 6611: 6601: 6591: 6581: 6571: 6561: 6551: 6541: 6531: 6521: 6511: 6501: 6491: 6481: 6471: 6461: 6451: 6441: 6431: 6421: 6411: 6401: 6391: 6381: 6371: 6361: 6351: 6341: 6331: 6321: 6311: 6301: 6291: 6281: 6271: 6261: 6251: 6241: 6231: 6221: 6211: 6201: 6191: 6181: 6171: 6161: 6151: 6141: 6131: 6121: 6111: 6101: 6091: 6081: 6071: 6061: 6051: 6041: 6031: 6021: 6011: 6001: 5991: 5981: 5971: 5961: 5951: 5941: 5931: 5921: 5911: 5901: 5891: 5881: 5871: 5861: 5851: 5841: 5831: 5821: 5811: 5801: 5791: 5781: 5771: 5761: 5751: 5741: 5731: 5721: 5711: 5701: 5691: 5681: 5671: 5513: 5431:Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 4190:Encyclopédie Méthodique Botanique 3904:Thompson, Ken (1 November 2018). 3298:Linnaeus, C (1753). "Nepenthes". 2268:List of Nepenthes natural hybrids 1998:Encyclopédie Méthodique Botanique 975:in colonizing so many locations. 755:The plant Linnaeus described was 537:, but the largest species (e.g. 418:, and the Philippines, with many 11975:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327014-2 11673: 11672: 5405:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00414.x 4727:Bohn, H.F.; Federle, W. (2004). 4473:The Families of Flowering Plants 3720:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03166.x 3623:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00942.x 3061:Phillipps, A.; Lamb, A. (1996). 2720:Gaume, L.; Forterre, Y. (2007). 2695:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03696.x 2519:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x 1393: 1368: 1347: 1320: 278: 88: 5121:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.024 4431: 4390:. Ten Speed Press. p. 89. 4360:Carnivorous Plants of the World 4332: 4325: 4312: 4299: 4282: 4265: 4248: 4231: 4214: 4195: 4162: 4105: 4091:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.024 4062: 4005: 3897: 3848: 3799: 3593: 3473:Pitcher Plants of the Old World 3427: 3362: 3310: 3291: 3272: 3245: 3228: 3186: 3179: 3164: 3113: 3071: 2959: 2908: 2882: 2869: 2666:Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. 1938:. In his most celebrated work, 1293:and produces nearly no nectar. 1275:species includes rats found in 817:, in which Paul A. Zahl wrote: 675:was first published in 1737 in 547:) may occasionally catch small 4635:10.1080/21686351.1979.12278188 4417:. Timber Press, Incorporated. 4239:Planta mirabilis destillatoria 4202:Bartholinus. "Miranda herba". 3910:. Profile Books. p. 146. 3602:"A spectacular new species of 3176:. LMU Department für Biologie. 2829: 2785:Plant Signaling & Behavior 2669: 2062: 1781:appears in Leonard Plukenet's 1762:Planta mirabilis destillatoria 433: 13: 1: 4384:Peter D'Amato (2 July 2013). 4347:. Carnivorous Plant Database. 4073:. Plant-Insect Interactions. 2484: 1957:by Rafarin in 1869. As such, 1803:as illustrated in Rumphius's 1675:The earliest known record of 1614:pathogenesis-related proteins 1136:) have been found growing in 685:. It references a passage in 200: 7783:. × ferrugineomarginata 5527:Botanical Society of America 5425:On the Digestive Ferment of 5012:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.03.013 4928:Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 4363:. Timber Press. p. 49. 4245:2, ann. prim. p. 363, f. 27. 3489:Jebb, M.; Cheek, M. (1997). 2930:Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 2850:Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 2747:10.1371/journal.pone.0001185 2549:Cheek, M.; Jebb, M. (2013). 2250:The complex man-made hybrid 1936:actively opening and closing 1738:referred to this species as 1726:. In 1677, Danish physician 1413: 1050:) in the west to Australia ( 865:), does not allow forming a 842:'s pocket) in Indonesia and 834:The plants are often called 769:was formally published as a 666: 7: 12039:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 8397:Insectivorous Plant Society 7653:Incompletely diagnosed taxa 5573:The Carnivorous Plant FAQ: 5224:Species in Northern Borneo" 4500:The Journal of Biochemistry 2452: 2272:List of Nepenthes cultivars 1976:species known at the time: 1951:Phyllamphora mirabilis 1928:Phyllamphora mirabilis 1785:of 1696. The plant, called 1166:), on sandy beaches in the 1018:Borneo montane rain forests 1008:is mostly found within the 640: 517:glands which attract prey. 10: 12055: 8407:List of carnivorous plants 7883:. × sharifah-hapsahii 5603:from the John Innes Centre 5567:The Private Life of Plants 5025:American Journal of Botany 4851:10.1179/135100004225006029 4414:Growing carnivorous plants 4288:Rumphius, G.E. 1741–1750. 3395:10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.07.003 3339:Brittnacher, John (2011). 3079:American Journal of Botany 2634:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 2594:Plants of the World Online 2572:10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2 2265: 2080:Nepenthes aristolochioides 1847:, is thought to have been 1696:Flacourt called the plant 1534: 1530: 1447:by reducing the amount of 993: 953:on the distant islands of 732: 723: 718: 644: 29: 11701: 11668: 11630: 11612: 11589: 11566: 11498: 11460: 11412: 11401: 11264: 11226: 11208: 11190: 11152: 11129: 11111: 11088: 11077: 10950: 10902: 10839: 10636: 10613: 10602: 10528: 10510: 10452: 10389: 10356: 10333: 10285: 10187: 10176: 10124: 9931: 9908: 9885: 9827: 9779: 9746: 9693: 9682: 9678: 9557: 9546: 9519: 9501: 9483: 9435: 9402: 9384: 9375: 9344: 9257: 9204: 9166: 9143: 9060: 8997: 8959: 8931: 8913: 8830: 8812: 8797: 8766: 8714: 8671: 8643: 8620: 8611: 8600: 8568: 8540: 8522: 8511: 8471: 8384: 8282: 8078: 7962: 7951: 7947: 7733: 7722: 7718: 7648: 7644: 6744:. mantalingajanensis 5664: 5653: 5359:10.1007/s00425-006-0437-3 3882:10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.054 3222:Pitcher Plants of Sarawak 3084:(6, supplement): 200–201. 2915:Hewitt-Cooper, N (2012). 1907:was again illustrated in 1545:species are often called 1176:). Other species grow on 647:List of Nepenthes species 533:Prey usually consists of 233: 226: 219: 212: 197: 190: 85:Scientific classification 83: 57: 48: 41: 32:Nepenthe (disambiguation) 7853:. × pangulubauensis 7676:Possible extinct species 5314:Functional Plant Biology 4720:10.1163/1568540042781748 3491:"A skeletal revision of 3452:10.3767/000651909X474113 3252:Gledhill, David (2008). 3064:Pitcher-Plants of Borneo 2024:The Gardeners' Chronicle 1978:N. madagascariensis 1881:had become established. 1707:N. madagascariensis 1592:Antimicrobial properties 1198:Ecological relationships 1184:, while others, such as 1023:N. madagascariensis 979:Distribution and habitat 803:from Carolus Linnaeus's 398:(one); and northward to 8283:Protocarnivorous genera 8072:protocarnivorous plants 7978:species by distribution 6704:. madagascariensis 5814:. aristolochioides 5535:: The Interactive Guide 4992:Biological Conservation 4978:: 12–13. Archived from 4755:10.1073/pnas.0405885101 3520:Nepenthes albomarginata 1970:Jean Louis Marie Poiret 1905:Nepenthes distillatoria 1839:, and gave it the name 1823:Georg Eberhard Rumphius 1768:quoted Grim as saying: 1754:Nepenthes distillatoria 1295:Nepenthes albomarginata 1000:species by distribution 987:Global distribution of 898:gene sequences between 857:Evolution and phylogeny 786:Nepenthes distillatoria 747:If this is not Helen's 359:-forming plants of the 333:tropical pitcher plants 27:Tropical pitcher plants 7913:. × trusmadiensis 7873:. × sarawakiensis 7813:. × kinabaluensis 6354:. hamiguitanensis 5337:species and hybrids". 5167:Nosonovsky, M (2011). 5159:10.1006/anbo.1999.0857 4917:Frazier, C.K. (2000). 4592:10.1098/rspb.2007.1402 4460:Danser's Monograph on 4411:Barry A. Rice (2006). 4318:de Loureiro, J. 1790. 4168:de Flacourt, É. 1658. 3995:Malayan Nature Journal 3824:10.1098/rsbl.2010.1141 3675:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0311 3539:10.1006/anbo.2001.1460 3470:McPherson, S.R. 2009. 2992:10.4161/psb.5.10.12807 2263: 2096: 2084: 2028: 2007: 1948: 1901: 1890:Bandura zeylanica 1845:Cantharifera alba 1818: 1775: 1694: 1672: 1663:Plukenet's drawing of 1525:Hardwicke's woolly bat 1429: 1425:N. attenboroughii 1212: 1194:with no soil contact. 991: 853:) in the Philippines. 832: 808: 781:botanical nomenclature 753: 490: 474:. An extension of the 454: 386:(two species) and the 12029:Caryophyllales genera 7823:. × kuchingensis 7743:. × alisaputrana 7284:. saranganiensis 7084:. philippinensis 5834:. attenboroughii 4942:10.55360/cpn292.cf425 4729:"Insect aquaplaning: 4667:Ecological Entomology 4320:Flora Cochinchinensis 4184:Poiret, J.L.M. 1797. 3142:10.1055/s-2006-924676 2944:10.55360/cpn411.nh396 2877:Nepenthes rafflesiana 2863:10.55360/cpn172.ap222 2836:Phillipps, A (1988). 2805:10.4161/psb.5.6.11238 2676:Bonhomme, V. (2011). 2553:Nepenthes micramphora 2249: 2242:Hybrids and cultivars 2090: 2070: 2012: 2002: 1994:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 1982:N. distillatoria 1944: 1940:Flora Cochinchinensis 1894:N. distillatoria 1887: 1875:Herbarium Amboinensis 1870:Herbarium Amboinensis 1857:, a catalogue of the 1805:Herbarium Amboinensis 1799: 1791:N. distillatoria 1770: 1716:N. distillatoria 1689: 1665:N. distillatoria 1662: 1519:, which is native to 1421: 1332:The blue bottle fly ( 1286:N. albomarginata 1205: 1173:N. albomarginata 1074:) and New Caledonia ( 1041:N. distillatoria 1014:greatest biodiversity 994:Further information: 986: 972:N. distillatoria 913:Fossilized pollen of 819: 799: 757:N. distillatoria 745: 488: 447:Periyar Tiger Reserve 441: 366:, ranging from South 347:. The genus includes 7893:. × trichocarpa 7833:. × merrilliata 7554:. undulatifolia 7194:. reinwardtiana 7024:. pantaronensis 6954:. neoguineensis 6834:. mindanaoensis 6724:. malimumuensis 6694:. macrovulgaris 6134:. distillatoria 5794:. appendiculata 5734:. albomarginata 5421:Vines, S.H. (1876). 5084:10.1055/s-2001-12897 4439:"Appendices | CITES" 4307:Thesaurus Zeylanicus 4294:Herbarium Amboinense 4277:Almagestum Botanicum 4256:Bandura cingalensium 4222:Bandura zingalensium 3240:Hortus Cliffortianus 3101:L. (Nepenthaceae)". 2779:Moran, J.A. (2010). 1913:Thesaurus Zeylanicus 1898:Thesaurus Zeylanicus 1855:Herbarium Amboinense 1783:Almagestum Botanicum 1740:Bandura zingalensium 1669:Almagestum Botanicum 1572:Geosesarma malayanum 1335:Calliphora vomitoria 783:as it exists today. 779:, which established 682:Hortus Cliffortianus 637:(likely 8x or 16x). 390:(one); southward to 7903:. × truncalata 7863:. × pyriformis 7843:. × mirabilata 7803:. × hookeriana 7695:. echinosporus 7394:. surigaoensis 7304:. sibuyanensis 7204:. rhombicaulis 7144:. putaiguneung 7004:. palawanensis 6464:. jacquelineae 6294:. graciliflora 6284:. glandulifera 6264:. gantungensis 5784:. angasanensis 5546:at Tom's Carnivores 5537:at Tom's Carnivores 5489:10.1038/nature10447 5481:2011Natur.477..443W 5351:2007Plant.225.1517R 5185:2011Natur.477..412N 5113:2011PChem..72.1678M 5076:2001PlBio...3..164M 5038:10.3732/ajb.0900054 5004:2011BCons.144.1356J 4892:Edwards, P (2005). 4867:Edwards, P (2005). 4748:(39): 14138–14143. 4679:1985EcoEn..10..241B 4621:in west Malaysia". 4533:Biochemical Journal 4337:Nepenthes mirabilis 4271:Plukenet, L. 1696. 4188:. In: J.B. Lamarck 4083:2011PChem..72.1678M 3956:1992Oecol..90..172M 3873:2015CBio...25.1911S 3644:Nepenthes of Borneo 3641:Clarke, C.M. 1997. 3387:2011SJBS...18....7A 3319:National Geographic 3255:The Names of Plants 3234:Linnaeus, C. 1737. 3134:2006PlBio...8..831M 3022:Clarke, C.M. 2001. 2984:2010PlSiB...5.1187C 2797:2010PlSiB...5..644M 2738:2007PLoSO...2.1185G 2300:N. rafflesiana 2283:and numerous named 2260:N. macrophylla 2139:N. bicalcarata 2133:N. rafflesiana 1825:discovered two new 1811:, but a species of 1681:Étienne de Flacourt 1489:N. macrophylla 1445:N. bicalcarata 1440:Camponotus schmitzi 1434:N. bicalcarata 1422:A lower pitcher of 1386:N. rafflesiana 1310:N. rafflesiana 1088:Nepenthes mirabilis 1077:N. vieillardii 1032:), the Seychelles ( 1029:N. masoalensis 889:comparisons of the 814:National Geographic 739:= "grief") and, in 545:N. rafflesiana 527:N. rafflesiana 467:N. bicalcarata 443:Nepenthes mirabilis 11518:Pentaphragmataceae 10736:Stegnospermataceae 10628:Berberidopsidaceae 10252:Pentadiplandraceae 8739:Atherospermataceae 8079:Carnivorous genera 7584:. vieillardii 7454:. tentaculata 7414:. talangensis 7354:. stenophylla 7344:. spectabilis 7224:. robcantleyi 7214:. rigidifolia 7154:. rafflesiana 6874:. misoolensis 6814:. micramphora 6804:. merrilliana 6774:. masoalensis 6754:. mapuluensis 6684:. macrophylla 6674:. macfarlanei 6564:. kongkandana 6424:. hurrelliana 6324:. gymnamphora 6244:. fractiflexa 6154:. edwardsiana 5994:. campanulata 5904:. bicalcarata 5287:10.1093/aob/mcm145 5240:10.1093/aob/mcm023 4958:Jenkin, A (2005). 4545:10.1042/BJ20031575 4478:2014-06-21 at the 4343:2013-12-24 at the 4305:Burmann, J. 1737. 4260:Historia Plantarum 4237:Grimm, H.N. 1683. 4130:10.1093/aob/mcs287 4030:10.1093/aob/mcw001 3964:10.1007/BF00317174 3199:2011-05-14 at the 2972:Plant Signal Behav 2442:N. ventricosa 2424:N. spathulata 2414:N. ventricosa 2304:N. ampullaria 2264: 2252:N. ventricosa 2186:N. ampullaria 2111:N. ventricosa 2097: 2085: 2029: 2021:as illustrated in 1902: 1819: 1758:Herman Niklas Grim 1702:formally described 1673: 1516:N. hemsleyana 1507:N. ephippiata 1501:N. ampullaria 1430: 1213: 1129:N. ampullaria 992: 809: 559:or more rarely in 491: 455: 408:greatest diversity 329:carnivorous plants 12011: 12010: 11944:Open Tree of Life 11695:Taxon identifiers 11686: 11685: 11664: 11663: 11660: 11659: 11656: 11655: 11652: 11651: 11648: 11647: 11475:Cardiopteridaceae 11397: 11396: 11274:Plocospermataceae 11073: 11072: 10887: 10886: 10826:Anacampserotaceae 10686:Ancistrocladaceae 10615:Berberidopsidales 10598: 10597: 10594: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10538:Biebersteiniaceae 10419:Sphaerosepalaceae 10305:Strasburgeriaceae 10222:Setchellanthaceae 10172: 10171: 9645: 9644: 9587:Cercidiphyllaceae 9542: 9541: 9371: 9370: 9340: 9339: 8793: 8792: 8762: 8761: 8596: 8595: 8578:Austrobaileyaceae 8425: 8424: 8034: 8033: 8030: 8029: 7943: 7942: 7933:. × ventrata 7923:. × tsangoya 7793:. × harryana 7763:. × cantleyi 7753:. × bauensis 7714: 7713: 7574:. ventricosa 7544:. ulukaliana 7384:. suratensis 7334:. spathulata 7114:. platychila 7104:. pitopangii 7014:. paniculata 6984:. orbiculata 6914:. murudensis 6794:. maximoides 6714:. malayensis 6654:. longiptera 6644:. longifolia 6574:. krabiensis 6514:. kampotiana 6484:. junghuhnii 6374:. hemsleyana 6364:. harauensis 6314:. gracillima 6224:. faizaliana 6174:. epiphytica 6164:. ephippiata 6104:. densiflora 6064:. copelandii 5954:. burbidgeae 5914:. bokorensis 5854:. beccariana 5844:. barcelonae 5764:. ampullaria 5684:. abgracilis 5523:– the Monkey Cups 5475:(7365): 443–447. 5392:The Plant Journal 5179:(7365): 412–413. 5107:(13): 1678–1682. 4783:Boulay, J. 1997. 4665:pitcher plants". 4586:(1632): 259–265. 4424:978-0-88192-807-5 4397:978-1-60774-411-5 4370:978-0-88192-066-6 4220:Breyne, J. 1680. 4077:(13): 1678–1682. 3917:978-1-78283-436-6 3867:(14): 1911–1916. 3751:, March 10, 2010. 3743:Walker, M. 2010. 3300:Species Plantarum 3265:978-0-521-86645-3 2978:(10): 1187–1189. 2479:endophyte species 2368:N. northiana 2334:× 'Bloody Mary' ( 2308:N. mirabilis 2145:N. mirabilis 2123:N. sanguinea 2083:and other species 2033:Sir Joseph Banks' 1986:Nepente de l'Inde 1959:P. mirabilis 1917:Bandura zeylanica 1896:) from Burmann's 1836:N. mirabilis 1831:Malay Archipelago 1789:, is undoubtedly 1760:. Grim called it 1655:Botanical history 1629:N. attenboroughii 1565:larvae, spiders, 1537:Nepenthes infauna 1400: 1375: 1354: 1327: 1221:predator and prey 1134:N. mirabilis 1053:N. mirabilis 1035:N. pervillei 1010:Malay Archipelago 805:Species Plantarum 776:Species Plantarum 627:chromosome number 612:N. pervillei 583:insect-pollinated 349:about 170 species 269: 268: 263: 253: 243: 186: 168: 16:(Redirected from 12046: 12034:Dioecious plants 12004: 12003: 11991: 11990: 11978: 11977: 11965: 11964: 11952: 11951: 11939: 11938: 11926: 11925: 11913: 11912: 11900: 11899: 11887: 11886: 11874: 11873: 11861: 11860: 11848: 11847: 11835: 11834: 11822: 11821: 11809: 11808: 11796: 11795: 11783: 11782: 11770: 11769: 11760: 11759: 11747: 11746: 11737: 11736: 11735: 11722: 11721: 11720: 11690: 11689: 11676: 11675: 11410: 11409: 11359:Thomandersiaceae 11349:Lentibulariaceae 11309:Scrophulariaceae 11289:Tetrachondraceae 11086: 11085: 11075: 11074: 11065:Mitrastemonaceae 10995:Pentaphylacaceae 10970:Tetrameristaceae 10917:Hydrostachyaceae 10900: 10899: 10889: 10888: 10691:Rhabdodendraceae 10681:Dioncophyllaceae 10611: 10610: 10444:Dipterocarpaceae 10381:Dipentodontaceae 10325:Crossosomataceae 10300:Geissolomataceae 10185: 10184: 10046:Chrysobalanaceae 9951:Ctenolophonaceae 9918:Lepidobotryaceae 9708:Anisophylleaceae 9691: 9690: 9680: 9679: 9658: 9657: 9647: 9646: 9622:Tetracarpaeaceae 9617:Aphanopetalaceae 9592:Daphniphyllaceae 9555: 9554: 9544: 9543: 9493:Trochodendraceae 9455:Circaeasteraceae 9382: 9381: 9363:Ceratophyllaceae 9351: 9350: 9027:Alstroemeriaceae 8890:Potamogetonaceae 8865:Scheuchzeriaceae 8860:Hydrocharitaceae 8810: 8809: 8773: 8772: 8653:Aristolochiaceae 8618: 8617: 8609: 8608: 8570:Austrobaileyales 8520: 8519: 8516: 8514:Basalangiosperms 8498:Acrogymnospermae 8460:flowering plants 8452: 8445: 8438: 8429: 8428: 8215:Palaeoaldrovanda 8061: 8054: 8047: 8038: 8037: 7949: 7948: 7932: 7922: 7912: 7902: 7892: 7882: 7872: 7862: 7852: 7842: 7832: 7822: 7812: 7802: 7792: 7782: 7772: 7762: 7752: 7742: 7720: 7719: 7704: 7694: 7685:. echinatus 7684: 7677: 7654: 7646: 7645: 7633: 7623: 7613: 7603: 7593: 7583: 7573: 7563: 7553: 7543: 7533: 7523: 7514:. treubiana 7513: 7504:. tomoriana 7503: 7493: 7483: 7473: 7463: 7453: 7443: 7433: 7423: 7413: 7404:. talaandig 7403: 7393: 7383: 7374:. sumatrana 7373: 7363: 7353: 7343: 7333: 7323: 7314:. singalana 7313: 7303: 7293: 7283: 7274:. sanguinea 7273: 7263: 7253: 7243: 7233: 7223: 7213: 7203: 7193: 7183: 7174:. ramispina 7173: 7163: 7153: 7143: 7133: 7123: 7113: 7103: 7093: 7083: 7074:. petiolata 7073: 7064:. pervillei 7063: 7053: 7043: 7033: 7023: 7013: 7003: 6993: 6983: 6974:. northiana 6973: 6963: 6953: 6943: 6934:. nebularum 6933: 6923: 6913: 6904:. muluensis 6903: 6894:. monticola 6893: 6883: 6873: 6864:. mirabilis 6863: 6853: 6843: 6833: 6823: 6813: 6803: 6793: 6783: 6773: 6763: 6753: 6743: 6733: 6723: 6713: 6703: 6693: 6683: 6673: 6663: 6653: 6643: 6634:. lingulata 6633: 6623: 6613: 6604:. leonardoi 6603: 6593: 6583: 6573: 6563: 6553: 6544:. kitanglad 6543: 6533: 6523: 6513: 6504:. kampalili 6503: 6493: 6483: 6473: 6463: 6453: 6443: 6433: 6423: 6413: 6403: 6393: 6383: 6373: 6363: 6353: 6343: 6334:. halmahera 6333: 6323: 6313: 6303: 6293: 6283: 6273: 6263: 6253: 6243: 6233: 6223: 6213: 6203: 6194:. eustachya 6193: 6184:. erucoides 6183: 6173: 6163: 6153: 6143: 6133: 6123: 6114:. diabolica 6113: 6103: 6093: 6083: 6073: 6063: 6053: 6043: 6033: 6023: 6013: 6004:. candalaga 6003: 5993: 5984:. calcicola 5983: 5973: 5963: 5953: 5944:. bracteosa 5943: 5934:. boschiana 5933: 5923: 5913: 5903: 5893: 5883: 5874:. benstonei 5873: 5863: 5853: 5843: 5833: 5823: 5813: 5803: 5793: 5783: 5773: 5763: 5753: 5743: 5733: 5723: 5713: 5703: 5693: 5683: 5673: 5648: 5631: 5624: 5617: 5608: 5607: 5508: 5466: 5456: 5446: 5417: 5407: 5378: 5345:(6): 1517–1534. 5329: 5308: 5298: 5275:Annals of Botany 5261: 5251: 5228:Annals of Botany 5214: 5196: 5163: 5161: 5146:Annals of Botany 5132: 5095: 5058: 5040: 5031:(9): 1612–1619. 5015: 4998:(5): 1356–1363. 4986: 4984: 4968: 4954: 4944: 4913: 4902: 4888: 4877: 4863: 4853: 4828: 4782: 4777: 4767: 4757: 4737: 4723: 4714:(8): 1019–1021. 4698: 4646: 4613: 4603: 4566: 4556: 4523: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4354: 4348: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4316: 4310: 4303: 4297: 4286: 4280: 4269: 4263: 4252: 4246: 4235: 4229: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4199: 4193: 4182: 4173: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4149: 4118:Annals of Botany 4109: 4103: 4102: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4049: 4018:Annals of Botany 4009: 4003: 4002: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3884: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3835: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3786: 3758: 3752: 3741: 3732: 3731: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3686: 3654: 3648: 3639: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3526:Annals of Botany 3513: 3507: 3506: 3486: 3477: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3458: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3414: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3356: 3347:. Archived from 3336: 3327: 3326: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3249: 3243: 3232: 3226: 3217: 3208: 3188: 3185:Brittnacher, J. 3183: 3177: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3094: 3085: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3058: 3029: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3003: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2946: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2886: 2880: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2846: 2842:Nepenthes rajah" 2833: 2827: 2826: 2816: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2759: 2749: 2717: 2708: 2707: 2697: 2673: 2667: 2660: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2521: 2503: 2494: 2438:N. khasiana 2428:N. veitchii 2410:N. khasiana 2117:N. khasiana 2019:Veitch Nurseries 1924:João de Loureiro 1909:Johannes Burmann 1888:Illustration of 1728:Thomas Bartholin 1402: 1401: 1377: 1376: 1356: 1355: 1329: 1328: 1083:N. deaniana 1047:N. khasiana 735: 734: 726: 725: 720: 331:, also known as 319: 313: 312: 309: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 293: 290: 287: 284: 259: 249: 239: 182: 164: 93: 92: 70:Mount Hamiguitan 53: 39: 38: 21: 12054: 12053: 12049: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12044: 12043: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12007: 11999: 11994: 11986: 11981: 11973: 11968: 11960: 11955: 11947: 11942: 11934: 11929: 11921: 11916: 11908: 11903: 11895: 11890: 11882: 11877: 11869: 11864: 11856: 11851: 11843: 11838: 11830: 11825: 11817: 11812: 11804: 11799: 11791: 11786: 11778: 11773: 11765: 11763: 11755: 11750: 11742: 11740: 11731: 11730: 11725: 11716: 11715: 11710: 11697: 11687: 11682: 11644: 11640:Paracryphiaceae 11626: 11608: 11585: 11562: 11494: 11456: 11427:Torricelliaceae 11406: 11393: 11294:Calceolariaceae 11279:Carlemanniaceae 11260: 11222: 11204: 11186: 11148: 11125: 11107: 11082: 11069: 10946: 10896: 10883: 10859:Balanophoraceae 10835: 10746:Lophiocarpaceae 10726:Achatocarpaceae 10721:Caryophyllaceae 10711:Macarthuriaceae 10676:Drosophyllaceae 10632: 10607: 10582: 10524: 10506: 10492:Crypteroniaceae 10487:Melastomataceae 10448: 10385: 10352: 10329: 10287:Crossosomatales 10281: 10257:Gyrostemonaceae 10227:Koeberliniaceae 10181: 10168: 10120: 10111:Picrodendraceae 10076:Lacistemataceae 10036:Dichapetalaceae 10011:Centroplacaceae 10001:Lophopyxidaceae 9961:Erythroxylaceae 9927: 9904: 9881: 9823: 9775: 9742: 9713:Corynocarpaceae 9687: 9674: 9654: 9641: 9602:Grossulariaceae 9551: 9538: 9515: 9497: 9485:Trochodendrales 9479: 9460:Lardizabalaceae 9431: 9398: 9367: 9355:Ceratophyllales 9346:Ceratophyllidae 9336: 9327:Ecdeiocoleaceae 9317:Flagellariaceae 9253: 9200: 9162: 9139: 9110:Tecophilaeaceae 9080:Blandfordiaceae 9056: 9022:Petermanniaceae 9007:Campynemataceae 8993: 8955: 8927: 8909: 8870:Aponogetonaceae 8826: 8801: 8789: 8758: 8710: 8696:Himantandraceae 8667: 8639: 8605: 8603:Mesangiospermae 8592: 8564: 8536: 8512: 8507: 8488:Marchantiophyta 8467: 8456: 8426: 8421: 8380: 8278: 8080: 8074: 8065: 8035: 8026: 7958: 7939: 7938: 7773:. × cincta 7729: 7726:Natural hybrids 7710: 7675: 7652: 7640: 7639: 7564:. veitchii 7524:. truncata 7484:. thorelii 7364:. sumagaya 7324:. smilesii 7264:. samudera 7244:. rowaniae 6594:. lavicola 6534:. khasiana 6494:. justinae 6444:. insignis 6414:. holdenii 6394:. hirtella 6304:. gracilis 6274:. glabrata 6204:. extincta 6094:. deaniana 6054:. clipeata 6034:. chaniana 6014:. ceciliae 5804:. argentii 5774:. andamana 5744:. alfredoi 5660: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5598:Inner World of 5561:Nepenthes rajah 5516: 5511: 5464: 5326:10.1071/FP10061 5320:(10): 952–961. 5194:10.1038/477412a 4982: 4966: 4900: 4875: 4817:10.2307/2484711 4780: 4735: 4489: 4487:Further reading 4480:Wayback Machine 4456: 4447: 4445: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4425: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4355: 4351: 4345:Wayback Machine 4330: 4326: 4317: 4313: 4304: 4300: 4287: 4283: 4270: 4266: 4253: 4249: 4236: 4232: 4219: 4215: 4200: 4196: 4183: 4176: 4167: 4163: 4110: 4106: 4067: 4063: 4010: 4006: 3991: 3987: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3902: 3898: 3861:Current Biology 3853: 3849: 3812:Biology Letters 3804: 3800: 3759: 3755: 3742: 3735: 3708:New Phytologist 3704: 3700: 3663:Biology Letters 3655: 3651: 3640: 3631: 3598: 3594: 3571:10.1038/415036a 3565:(6867): 36–37. 3551: 3547: 3514: 3510: 3495:(Nepenthaceae)" 3487: 3480: 3469: 3465: 3456: 3454: 3432: 3428: 3367: 3363: 3354: 3352: 3337: 3330: 3315: 3311: 3296: 3292: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3250: 3246: 3233: 3229: 3218: 3211: 3201:Wayback Machine 3184: 3180: 3169: 3165: 3118: 3114: 3095: 3088: 3076: 3072: 3059: 3032: 3021: 3017: 2964: 2960: 2913: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2896:. 5 August 2011 2888: 2887: 2883: 2874: 2870: 2844: 2834: 2830: 2777: 2773: 2718: 2711: 2682:New Phytologist 2674: 2670: 2661: 2642: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2547: 2543: 2534: 2532: 2501: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2455: 2422:'Judith Finn' ( 2276:There are many 2274: 2244: 2151:N. hirsuta 2074:Nepenthes rajah 2065: 2051:is credited to 1829:species in the 1657: 1640:Naphthoquinones 1594: 1539: 1533: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1394: 1389: 1378: 1369: 1364: 1357: 1348: 1343: 1330: 1321: 1314: 1313: 1200: 1187:N. inermis 1112:Nepenthes lamii 1065:N. parvula 1059:N. rowanae 1002: 981: 945:populations in 859: 741:Greek mythology 695:, in which the 671:The genus name 669: 653: 645:Main articles: 643: 635:paleopolyploidy 436: 351:, and numerous 317: 281: 277: 181: 163: 87: 65:N. peltata 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12052: 12042: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12009: 12008: 12006: 12005: 12001:wfo-4000025900 11992: 11979: 11966: 11953: 11940: 11927: 11914: 11901: 11888: 11875: 11862: 11849: 11836: 11823: 11810: 11797: 11784: 11771: 11761: 11748: 11738: 11723: 11707: 11705: 11699: 11698: 11684: 11683: 11681: 11680: 11669: 11666: 11665: 11662: 11661: 11658: 11657: 11654: 11653: 11650: 11649: 11646: 11645: 11643: 11642: 11636: 11634: 11632:Paracryphiales 11628: 11627: 11625: 11624: 11622:Escalloniaceae 11618: 11616: 11610: 11609: 11607: 11606: 11604:Caprifoliaceae 11601: 11595: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11583: 11578: 11576:Columelliaceae 11572: 11570: 11564: 11563: 11561: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11538:Argophyllaceae 11535: 11530: 11528:Alseuosmiaceae 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11504: 11502: 11496: 11495: 11493: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11480:Phyllonomaceae 11477: 11472: 11466: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11454: 11449: 11447:Myodocarpaceae 11444: 11439: 11437:Pittosporaceae 11434: 11432:Griseliniaceae 11429: 11424: 11418: 11416: 11407: 11402: 11399: 11398: 11395: 11394: 11392: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11354:Schlegeliaceae 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11304:Plantaginaceae 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11270: 11268: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11258: 11253: 11251:Sphenocleaceae 11248: 11243: 11238: 11236:Convolvulaceae 11232: 11230: 11224: 11223: 11221: 11220: 11214: 11212: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11202: 11196: 11194: 11188: 11187: 11185: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11158: 11156: 11150: 11149: 11147: 11146: 11141: 11135: 11133: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11123: 11121:Metteniusaceae 11117: 11115: 11109: 11108: 11106: 11105: 11100: 11094: 11092: 11083: 11078: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11035:Sarraceniaceae 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10975:Fouquieriaceae 10972: 10967: 10965:Marcgraviaceae 10962: 10956: 10954: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10908: 10906: 10897: 10892: 10885: 10884: 10882: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10869:Misodendraceae 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10845: 10843: 10837: 10836: 10834: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10771:Phytolaccaceae 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10706:Asteropeiaceae 10703: 10698: 10696:Simmondsiaceae 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10656:Plumbaginaceae 10653: 10648: 10642: 10640: 10638:Caryophyllales 10634: 10633: 10631: 10630: 10625: 10619: 10617: 10608: 10603: 10600: 10599: 10596: 10595: 10592: 10591: 10588: 10587: 10584: 10583: 10581: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10534: 10532: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10516: 10514: 10508: 10507: 10505: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10458: 10456: 10450: 10449: 10447: 10446: 10441: 10439:Sarcolaenaceae 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10395: 10393: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10366:Gerrardinaceae 10362: 10360: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10350: 10345: 10339: 10337: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10291: 10289: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10193: 10191: 10182: 10177: 10174: 10173: 10170: 10169: 10167: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10154:Elaeocarpaceae 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10130: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10118: 10116:Phyllanthaceae 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10071:Passifloraceae 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10006:Putranjivaceae 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9981:Calophyllaceae 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9956:Rhizophoraceae 9953: 9948: 9943: 9937: 9935: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9925: 9920: 9914: 9912: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9902: 9900:Zygophyllaceae 9897: 9891: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9833: 9831: 9825: 9824: 9822: 9821: 9816: 9814:Ticodendraceae 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9785: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9752: 9750: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9699: 9697: 9688: 9683: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9672: 9666: 9664: 9655: 9650: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9582:Hamamelidaceae 9579: 9574: 9569: 9563: 9561: 9552: 9547: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9531: 9529:Myrothamnaceae 9525: 9523: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9513: 9507: 9505: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9495: 9489: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9465:Menispermaceae 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9441: 9439: 9433: 9432: 9430: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9408: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9396: 9390: 9388: 9379: 9373: 9372: 9369: 9368: 9366: 9365: 9359: 9357: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9322:Joinvilleaceae 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9263: 9261: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9214:Strelitziaceae 9210: 9208: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9198: 9193: 9191:Pontederiaceae 9188: 9183: 9178: 9172: 9170: 9164: 9163: 9161: 9160: 9155: 9153:Dasypogonaceae 9149: 9147: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9130:Amaryllidaceae 9127: 9122: 9120:Xeronemataceae 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9066: 9064: 9058: 9057: 9055: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9003: 9001: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8965: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8937: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8925: 8923:Petrosaviaceae 8919: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8836: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8824: 8818: 8816: 8807: 8795: 8794: 8791: 8790: 8788: 8787: 8785:Chloranthaceae 8781: 8779: 8770: 8764: 8763: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8724:Calycanthaceae 8720: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8677: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8649: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8637: 8632: 8626: 8624: 8615: 8606: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8590: 8588:Schisandraceae 8585: 8580: 8574: 8572: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8546: 8544: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8534: 8528: 8526: 8517: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8493:Polypodiophyta 8490: 8485: 8480: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8455: 8454: 8447: 8440: 8432: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8381: 8379: 8378: 8371: 8364: 8357: 8350: 8343: 8336: 8329: 8322: 8315: 8308: 8301: 8294: 8286: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8269: 8266:Triphyophyllum 8262: 8255: 8247: 8240: 8233: 8226: 8219: 8210: 8203: 8196: 8189: 8186:Fischeripollis 8181: 8174: 8166: 8158: 8150: 8143: 8136: 8129: 8122: 8115: 8108: 8101: 8092: 8084: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8064: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8041: 8032: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8006: 7997: 7996: 7988: 7980: 7972: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7955:Related topics 7945: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7926: 7916: 7906: 7896: 7886: 7876: 7866: 7856: 7846: 7836: 7826: 7816: 7806: 7796: 7786: 7776: 7766: 7756: 7746: 7735: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7708: 7698: 7688: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7663: 7655: 7649: 7642: 7641: 7638: 7637: 7627: 7617: 7614:. vogelii 7607: 7604:. viridis 7597: 7594:. villosa 7587: 7577: 7567: 7557: 7547: 7537: 7527: 7517: 7507: 7497: 7494:. tobaica 7487: 7477: 7467: 7457: 7447: 7437: 7427: 7424:. taminii 7417: 7407: 7397: 7387: 7377: 7367: 7357: 7347: 7337: 7327: 7317: 7307: 7297: 7294:. sericea 7287: 7277: 7267: 7257: 7247: 7237: 7227: 7217: 7207: 7197: 7187: 7177: 7167: 7157: 7147: 7137: 7134:. pulchra 7127: 7117: 7107: 7097: 7087: 7077: 7067: 7057: 7054:. peltata 7047: 7044:. parvula 7037: 7034:. papuana 7027: 7017: 7007: 6997: 6987: 6977: 6967: 6957: 6947: 6937: 6927: 6917: 6907: 6897: 6887: 6877: 6867: 6857: 6847: 6837: 6827: 6817: 6807: 6797: 6787: 6777: 6767: 6757: 6747: 6737: 6727: 6717: 6707: 6697: 6687: 6677: 6667: 6657: 6647: 6637: 6627: 6624:. limiana 6617: 6607: 6597: 6587: 6577: 6567: 6557: 6554:. klossii 6547: 6537: 6527: 6517: 6507: 6497: 6487: 6477: 6467: 6457: 6454:. izumiae 6447: 6437: 6434:. inermis 6427: 6417: 6407: 6404:. hispida 6397: 6387: 6384:. hirsuta 6377: 6367: 6357: 6347: 6337: 6327: 6317: 6307: 6297: 6287: 6277: 6267: 6257: 6247: 6237: 6227: 6217: 6207: 6197: 6187: 6177: 6167: 6157: 6147: 6137: 6127: 6117: 6107: 6097: 6087: 6084:. danseri 6077: 6074:. cornuta 6067: 6057: 6047: 6037: 6027: 6017: 6007: 5997: 5987: 5977: 5974:. cabanae 5967: 5957: 5947: 5937: 5927: 5917: 5907: 5897: 5887: 5884:. berbulu 5877: 5867: 5857: 5847: 5837: 5827: 5817: 5807: 5797: 5787: 5777: 5767: 5757: 5754:. alzapan 5747: 5737: 5727: 5717: 5707: 5704:. aenigma 5697: 5687: 5677: 5674:. abalata 5666: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5634: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5595: 5582: 5570: 5559:A video about 5556: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5515: 5514:External links 5512: 5510: 5509: 5457: 5437:(1): 124–127. 5418: 5398:(6): 637–646. 5379: 5330: 5309: 5281:(3): 527–536. 5262: 5234:(5): 895–906. 5215: 5164: 5152:(5): 521–528. 5133: 5101:Phytochemistry 5096: 5070:(2): 164–175. 5059: 5016: 4987: 4985:on 2011-07-07. 4955: 4914: 4889: 4864: 4844:(5): 255–261. 4829: 4811:(3): 324–330. 4800: 4778: 4724: 4699: 4673:(3): 241–248. 4658: 4647: 4614: 4567: 4539:(1): 295–306. 4524: 4506:(4): 431–439. 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4466: 4455: 4454: 4430: 4423: 4403: 4396: 4376: 4369: 4349: 4324: 4311: 4298: 4281: 4264: 4254:Ray, J. 1686. 4247: 4230: 4213: 4194: 4174: 4161: 4104: 4071:Phytochemistry 4061: 4024:(3): 479–495. 4004: 3985: 3950:(2): 172–184. 3930: 3916: 3896: 3847: 3818:(3): 436–439. 3798: 3775:10.1086/375422 3769:(4): 635–639. 3753: 3749:BBC Earth News 3733: 3714:(2): 461–470. 3698: 3669:(5): 632–635. 3649: 3629: 3616:(2): 195–202. 3592: 3545: 3532:(2): 307–311. 3508: 3478: 3463: 3426: 3361: 3328: 3309: 3290: 3271: 3264: 3244: 3227: 3209: 3178: 3163: 3128:(6): 831–840. 3112: 3086: 3070: 3030: 3015: 2958: 2907: 2881: 2868: 2828: 2791:(6): 644–648. 2771: 2709: 2688:(2): 545–554. 2668: 2640: 2627:(3): 201–217. 2607: 2578: 2541: 2512:(2): 105–121. 2488: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2472: 2464: 2462:classification 2454: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2446:N. maxima 2431: 2417: 2403: 2396:N. rafflesiana 2389: 2375: 2372:N. maxima 2357: 2343: 2329: 2311: 2243: 2240: 2215:Tissue culture 2194:tissue culture 2170:N. bellii 2064: 2061: 1850:N. maxima 1656: 1653: 1593: 1590: 1577:nepenthebionts 1535:Main article: 1532: 1529: 1483:Tupaia montana 1415: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1392: 1390: 1384:properties of 1379: 1367: 1365: 1363:(wings-first). 1358: 1346: 1344: 1331: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1199: 1196: 1190:, can grow as 1160:content (e.g. 1152:, white sand, 1044:), and India ( 1038:), Sri Lanka ( 980: 977: 858: 855: 793:of the genus. 668: 665: 642: 639: 449:, in Southern 435: 432: 382:; westward to 267: 266: 265: 264: 254: 244: 231: 230: 224: 223: 217: 216: 210: 209: 195: 194: 188: 187: 174: 170: 169: 158: 154: 153: 151:Caryophyllales 148: 144: 143: 138: 131: 130: 125: 118: 117: 112: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 81: 80: 55: 54: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12051: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12021: 12019: 12002: 11997: 11993: 11989: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11971: 11967: 11963: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11945: 11941: 11937: 11932: 11928: 11924: 11919: 11915: 11911: 11906: 11902: 11898: 11893: 11889: 11885: 11880: 11876: 11872: 11867: 11863: 11859: 11854: 11850: 11846: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11828: 11824: 11820: 11815: 11811: 11807: 11802: 11798: 11794: 11789: 11785: 11781: 11776: 11772: 11768: 11762: 11758: 11753: 11749: 11745: 11739: 11734: 11728: 11724: 11719: 11713: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11704: 11700: 11696: 11691: 11679: 11671: 11670: 11667: 11641: 11638: 11637: 11635: 11633: 11629: 11623: 11620: 11619: 11617: 11615: 11614:Escalloniales 11611: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11588: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11569: 11565: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11543:Menyanthaceae 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11513:Campanulaceae 11511: 11509: 11506: 11505: 11503: 11501: 11497: 11491: 11490:Aquifoliaceae 11488: 11486: 11485:Helwingiaceae 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11470:Stemonuraceae 11468: 11467: 11465: 11463: 11459: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11422:Pennantiaceae 11420: 11419: 11417: 11415: 11411: 11408: 11405: 11400: 11390: 11389:Orobanchaceae 11387: 11385: 11384:Paulowniaceae 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11319:Linderniaceae 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11271: 11269: 11267: 11263: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11233: 11231: 11229: 11225: 11219: 11216: 11215: 11213: 11211: 11207: 11201: 11198: 11197: 11195: 11193: 11189: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11159: 11157: 11155: 11151: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11136: 11134: 11132: 11128: 11122: 11119: 11118: 11116: 11114: 11113:Metteniusales 11110: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11098:Oncothecaceae 11096: 11095: 11093: 11091: 11087: 11084: 11081: 11076: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11045:Actinidiaceae 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11025:Diapensiaceae 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10985:Lecythidaceae 10983: 10981: 10980:Polemoniaceae 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10960:Balsaminaceae 10958: 10957: 10955: 10953: 10949: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10922:Hydrangeaceae 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10905: 10901: 10898: 10895: 10890: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10874:Schoepfiaceae 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10846: 10844: 10842: 10838: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10821:Portulacaceae 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10811:Halophytaceae 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10791:Molluginaceae 10789: 10787: 10786:Nyctaginaceae 10784: 10782: 10781:Sarcobataceae 10779: 10777: 10776:Petiveriaceae 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10731:Amaranthaceae 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10646:Frankeniaceae 10644: 10643: 10641: 10639: 10635: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10623:Aextoxicaceae 10621: 10620: 10618: 10616: 10612: 10609: 10606: 10605:Superasterids 10601: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10573:Simaroubaceae 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10558:Anacardiaceae 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10535: 10533: 10531: 10527: 10521: 10520:Picramniaceae 10518: 10517: 10515: 10513: 10509: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10455: 10451: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10424:Thymelaeaceae 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10404:Muntingiaceae 10402: 10400: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10392: 10388: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10359: 10355: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10340: 10338: 10336: 10332: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10320:Stachyuraceae 10318: 10316: 10315:Guamatelaceae 10313: 10311: 10310:Staphyleaceae 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10288: 10284: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10242:Emblingiaceae 10240: 10238: 10237:Salvadoraceae 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10217:Limnanthaceae 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10202:Tropaeolaceae 10200: 10198: 10195: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10186: 10183: 10180: 10175: 10165: 10164:Brunelliaceae 10162: 10160: 10159:Cephalotaceae 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10123: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10106:Ixonanthaceae 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10096:Euphorbiaceae 10094: 10092: 10091:Rafflesiaceae 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10041:Euphroniaceae 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10021:Malpighiaceae 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9996:Caryocaraceae 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9986:Podostemaceae 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9930: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9911: 9907: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9887:Zygophyllales 9884: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9830: 9826: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9809:Casuarinaceae 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9789:Nothofagaceae 9787: 9786: 9784: 9782: 9778: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9745: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9728:Tetramelaceae 9726: 9724: 9723:Cucurbitaceae 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9703:Apodanthaceae 9701: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9692: 9689: 9686: 9681: 9677: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9659: 9656: 9653: 9648: 9638: 9637:Cynomoriaceae 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9607:Saxifragaceae 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9567:Peridiscaceae 9565: 9564: 9562: 9560: 9556: 9553: 9550: 9545: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9526: 9524: 9522: 9518: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9500: 9494: 9491: 9490: 9488: 9486: 9482: 9476: 9475:Ranunculaceae 9473: 9471: 9470:Berberidaceae 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9438: 9434: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9417:Nelumbonaceae 9415: 9413: 9410: 9409: 9407: 9405: 9401: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9374: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9356: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9343: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9287:Eriocaulaceae 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9256: 9250: 9249:Zingiberaceae 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9224:Heliconiaceae 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9203: 9197: 9196:Haemodoraceae 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9181:Commelinaceae 9179: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9165: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9125:Asphodelaceae 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9105:Ixioliriaceae 9103: 9101: 9100:Doryanthaceae 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9059: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9017:Melanthiaceae 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8996: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8984:Cyclanthaceae 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8958: 8952: 8951:Dioscoreaceae 8949: 8947: 8946:Burmanniaceae 8944: 8942: 8941:Nartheciaceae 8939: 8938: 8936: 8934: 8930: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8918: 8916: 8915:Petrosaviales 8912: 8906: 8905:Cymodoceaceae 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8895:Posidoniaceae 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8875:Juncaginaceae 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8845:Tofieldiaceae 8843: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8829: 8823: 8820: 8819: 8817: 8815: 8811: 8808: 8805: 8800: 8796: 8786: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8777:Chloranthales 8774: 8771: 8769: 8768:Chloranthidae 8765: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8744:Hernandiaceae 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8734:Gomortegaceae 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8713: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8701:Eupomatiaceae 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8691:Degeneriaceae 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8681:Myristicaceae 8679: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8604: 8599: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8550:Hydatellaceae 8548: 8547: 8545: 8543: 8539: 8533: 8532:Amborellaceae 8530: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8521: 8518: 8515: 8510: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8478: 8474: 8473: 8470: 8465: 8461: 8453: 8448: 8446: 8441: 8439: 8434: 8433: 8430: 8418: 8417:Pitcher plant 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8383: 8377: 8376: 8372: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8337: 8335: 8334: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8323: 8321: 8320: 8316: 8314: 8313: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8302: 8300: 8299: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8270: 8268: 8267: 8263: 8261: 8260: 8256: 8254: 8253: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8234: 8232: 8231: 8227: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8167: 8165: 8164: 8163:Droserapollis 8159: 8157: 8156: 8151: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8137: 8135: 8134: 8130: 8128: 8127: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8107: 8106: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8097:Archaeamphora 8093: 8091: 8090: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8062: 8057: 8055: 8050: 8048: 8043: 8042: 8039: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7999: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7965: 7964: 7961: 7957: 7956: 7950: 7946: 7935: 7934: 7927: 7925: 7924: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7907: 7905: 7904: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7877: 7875: 7874: 7867: 7865: 7864: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7847: 7845: 7844: 7837: 7835: 7834: 7827: 7825: 7824: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7787: 7785: 7784: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7757: 7755: 7754: 7747: 7745: 7744: 7737: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7727: 7721: 7717: 7707: 7706: 7699: 7697: 7696: 7689: 7687: 7686: 7679: 7674: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7651: 7650: 7647: 7643: 7636: 7635: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7618: 7616: 7615: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7598: 7596: 7595: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7578: 7576: 7575: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7538: 7536: 7535: 7528: 7526: 7525: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7498: 7496: 7495: 7488: 7486: 7485: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7464:. tenuis 7458: 7456: 7455: 7448: 7446: 7445: 7438: 7436: 7435: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7388: 7386: 7385: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7348: 7346: 7345: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7308: 7306: 7305: 7298: 7296: 7295: 7288: 7286: 7285: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7268: 7266: 7265: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7218: 7216: 7215: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7168: 7166: 7165: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7128: 7126: 7125: 7124:. pudica 7118: 7116: 7115: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7094:. pilosa 7088: 7086: 7085: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7028: 7026: 7025: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7008: 7006: 7005: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6944:. negros 6938: 6936: 6935: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6918: 6916: 6915: 6908: 6906: 6905: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6884:. mollis 6878: 6876: 6875: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6844:. minima 6838: 6836: 6835: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6784:. maxima 6778: 6776: 6775: 6768: 6766: 6765: 6764:. maryae 6758: 6756: 6755: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6738: 6736: 6735: 6734:. manobo 6728: 6726: 6725: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6698: 6696: 6695: 6688: 6686: 6685: 6678: 6676: 6675: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6618: 6616: 6615: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6538: 6536: 6535: 6528: 6526: 6525: 6524:. kerrii 6518: 6516: 6515: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6474:. jamban 6468: 6466: 6465: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6418: 6416: 6415: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6348: 6346: 6345: 6344:. hamata 6338: 6336: 6335: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6278: 6276: 6275: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6158: 6156: 6155: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6124:. diatas 6118: 6116: 6115: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6068: 6066: 6065: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6028: 6026: 6025: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6008: 6006: 6005: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5988: 5986: 5985: 5978: 5976: 5975: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5964:. burkei 5958: 5956: 5955: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5924:. bongso 5918: 5916: 5915: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5864:. bellii 5858: 5856: 5855: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5798: 5796: 5795: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5718: 5716: 5715: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5694:. adnata 5688: 5686: 5685: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5658: 5652: 5646: 5641: 5640: 5632: 5627: 5625: 5620: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5609: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5588: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5562: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5522: 5518: 5517: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5426: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5387: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5270: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5223: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5141: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5064:Plant Biology 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4988: 4981: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4965: 4963: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4922: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4899: 4897: 4890: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4874: 4872: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4788: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4734: 4732: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4659: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4575: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4491: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4457: 4444: 4440: 4434: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4415: 4407: 4399: 4393: 4389: 4388: 4380: 4372: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4353: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4331:Schlauer, J. 4328: 4321: 4315: 4308: 4302: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4261: 4257: 4251: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4209: 4205: 4198: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4171: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4124:(3): 375–83. 4123: 4119: 4115: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3934: 3919: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3738: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3645: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3605: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3521: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3494: 3485: 3483: 3475: 3474: 3467: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3351:on 2011-05-14 3350: 3346: 3342: 3335: 3333: 3325:(5): 680–701. 3324: 3320: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3287:(2): 226–262. 3286: 3282: 3275: 3267: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3248: 3241: 3237: 3231: 3224: 3223: 3216: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190:Evolution -- 3182: 3175: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3122:Plant Biology 3116: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3091: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3066: 3065: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3027: 3026: 3019: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2911: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2878: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2843: 2841: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2775: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2732:(11): e1185. 2731: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2714: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2665: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2582: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2554: 2545: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2493: 2489: 2480: 2478: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2456: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2382:N. ventricosa 2379: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2354:N. ventricosa 2351: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2340:N. ampullaria 2337: 2336:N. ventricosa 2333: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2322:N. ventricosa 2319: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2273: 2269: 2261: 2257: 2256:N. lowii 2253: 2248: 2239: 2236: 2235: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2181: 2178: × 2177: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2160:N. alata 2155: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2128:N. alata 2125: 2124: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2106: 2105:N. alata 2101: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2075: 2069: 2060: 2058: 2057:Shigeo Kurata 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2017:house of the 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1988:, or simply " 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1942:, he writes: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1774: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1732:Miranda herba 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1711: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1693: 1688: 1687:. It reads: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1652: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1589: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1551:trophic level 1548: 1544: 1538: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1495:N. rajah 1491: 1490: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1478:N. lowii 1475: 1470: 1466: 1465:N. lowii 1462: 1461: 1460:N. lowii 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1435: 1427: 1426: 1420: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1366: 1362: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1311: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1277:N. rajah 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1211: 1210: 1209:N. rajah 1204: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1163:N. rajah 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1072: 1071:N. tenax 1067: 1066: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1001: 999: 990: 985: 976: 974: 973: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 911: 909: 905: 901: 897: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 854: 852: 849: 845: 844:sako ni Hudas 841: 837: 836:kantong semar 831: 828: 824: 818: 816: 815: 806: 802: 798: 794: 792: 788: 787: 782: 778: 777: 772: 768: 764: 762: 758: 752: 750: 744: 742: 738: 729: 716: 715:Ancient Greek 712: 711: 706: 702: 698: 694: 693: 688: 684: 683: 678: 677:Carl Linnaeus 674: 664: 662: 658: 652: 648: 638: 636: 632: 628: 624: 621: 620:cytologically 618:The genus is 616: 614: 613: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 541: 540:N. rajah 536: 531: 529: 528: 522: 518: 516: 512: 508: 502: 499: 496: 487: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 468: 463: 459: 452: 451:Western Ghats 448: 444: 440: 431: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 396:New Caledonia 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 321: 311: 275: 274: 262: 258: 255: 252: 248: 245: 242: 238: 235: 234: 232: 229: 225: 222: 218: 215: 211: 208: 206: 205:separate list 202: 196: 193: 189: 185: 180: 179: 175: 172: 171: 167: 162: 159: 156: 155: 152: 149: 146: 145: 142: 139: 136: 133: 132: 129: 126: 123: 120: 119: 116: 115:Tracheophytes 113: 110: 107: 106: 103: 100: 97: 96: 91: 86: 82: 79: 75: 71: 67: 66: 61: 56: 52: 47: 44: 40: 37: 33: 19: 11702: 11553:Calyceraceae 11548:Goodeniaceae 11533:Phellinaceae 11523:Stylidiaceae 11462:Aquifoliales 11344:Bignoniaceae 11329:Martyniaceae 11299:Gesneriaceae 11256:Hydroleaceae 11246:Montiniaceae 11200:Boraginaceae 11177:Gelsemiaceae 11167:Gentianaceae 11139:Eucommiaceae 11040:Roridulaceae 11020:Symplocaceae 10990:Sladeniaceae 10932:Curtisiaceae 10879:Loranthaceae 10801:Didiereaceae 10756:Barbeuiaceae 10716:Microteaceae 10671:Nepenthaceae 10661:Polygonaceae 10651:Tamaricaceae 10543:Nitrariaceae 10512:Picramniales 10477:Vochysiaceae 10462:Combretaceae 10376:Tapisciaceae 10371:Petenaeaceae 10277:Brassicaceae 10031:Trigoniaceae 10026:Balanopaceae 9991:Hypericaceae 9971:Bonnetiaceae 9946:Irvingiaceae 9933:Malpighiales 9923:Celastraceae 9895:Krameriaceae 9852:Elaeagnaceae 9847:Dirachmaceae 9804:Juglandaceae 9771:Polygalaceae 9756:Quillajaceae 9718:Coriariaceae 9695:Cucurbitales 9632:Haloragaceae 9627:Penthoraceae 9612:Crassulaceae 9577:Altingiaceae 9559:Saxifragales 9511:Dilleniaceae 9450:Papaveraceae 9445:Eupteleaceae 9437:Ranunculales 9345: 9312:Restionaceae 9272:Bromeliaceae 9206:Zingiberales 9186:Philydraceae 9176:Hanguanaceae 9168:Commelinales 9135:Asparagaceae 9095:Hypoxidaceae 9042:Ripogonaceae 9037:Philesiaceae 9032:Colchicaceae 8974:Velloziaceae 8969:Triuridaceae 8933:Dioscoreales 8850:Alismataceae 8798: 8767: 8729:Siparunaceae 8686:Magnoliaceae 8583:Trimeniaceae 8560:Nymphaeaceae 8524:Amborellales 8503:Angiospermae 8458:Families of 8373: 8366: 8359: 8352: 8347:Paepalanthus 8345: 8338: 8331: 8324: 8317: 8310: 8303: 8296: 8289: 8271: 8264: 8257: 8252:Saxonipollis 8250: 8242: 8235: 8228: 8221: 8213: 8206: 8205: 8198: 8191: 8184: 8178:Drosophyllum 8176: 8171:Droseridites 8169: 8161: 8155:Droserapites 8153: 8145: 8138: 8133:Darlingtonia 8131: 8124: 8117: 8110: 8103: 8095: 8087: 8009: 8001: 7991: 7983: 7975: 7967: 7953: 7928: 7918: 7908: 7898: 7888: 7878: 7868: 7858: 7848: 7838: 7828: 7818: 7808: 7798: 7788: 7778: 7768: 7758: 7748: 7738: 7724: 7705:. major 7700: 7690: 7680: 7666: 7661:sp. Anipahan 7658: 7634:. zygon 7629: 7619: 7609: 7599: 7589: 7579: 7569: 7559: 7549: 7539: 7534:. ultra 7529: 7519: 7509: 7499: 7489: 7479: 7469: 7459: 7449: 7444:. tenax 7439: 7434:. tboli 7429: 7419: 7409: 7399: 7389: 7379: 7369: 7359: 7349: 7339: 7329: 7319: 7309: 7299: 7289: 7279: 7269: 7259: 7254:. samar 7249: 7239: 7234:. rosea 7229: 7219: 7209: 7199: 7189: 7184:. ramos 7179: 7169: 7164:. rajah 7159: 7149: 7139: 7129: 7119: 7109: 7099: 7089: 7079: 7069: 7059: 7049: 7039: 7029: 7019: 7009: 6999: 6994:. ovata 6989: 6979: 6969: 6964:. nigra 6959: 6949: 6939: 6929: 6919: 6909: 6899: 6889: 6879: 6869: 6859: 6849: 6839: 6829: 6824:. mikei 6819: 6809: 6799: 6789: 6779: 6769: 6759: 6749: 6739: 6729: 6719: 6709: 6699: 6689: 6679: 6669: 6664:. lowii 6659: 6649: 6639: 6629: 6619: 6614:. leyte 6609: 6599: 6589: 6584:. lamii 6579: 6569: 6559: 6549: 6539: 6529: 6519: 6509: 6499: 6489: 6479: 6469: 6459: 6449: 6439: 6429: 6419: 6409: 6399: 6389: 6379: 6369: 6359: 6349: 6339: 6329: 6319: 6309: 6299: 6289: 6279: 6269: 6259: 6254:. fusca 6249: 6239: 6234:. flava 6229: 6219: 6214:. eymae 6209: 6199: 6189: 6179: 6169: 6159: 6149: 6144:. dubia 6139: 6129: 6119: 6109: 6099: 6089: 6079: 6069: 6059: 6049: 6039: 6029: 6024:. chang 6019: 6009: 5999: 5989: 5979: 5969: 5959: 5949: 5939: 5929: 5919: 5909: 5899: 5889: 5879: 5869: 5859: 5849: 5839: 5829: 5824:. armin 5819: 5809: 5799: 5789: 5779: 5769: 5759: 5749: 5739: 5729: 5719: 5714:. alata 5709: 5699: 5689: 5679: 5669: 5655: 5638: 5637: 5599: 5586: 5585:Evolution – 5574: 5565: 5560: 5550: 5542: 5541:How to Grow 5532: 5520: 5472: 5468: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5395: 5391: 5385: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5317: 5313: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5176: 5172: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5104: 5100: 5067: 5063: 5028: 5024: 4995: 4991: 4980:the original 4975: 4970: 4964:pollination" 4961: 4935:(2): 56–61. 4932: 4926: 4920: 4909: 4904: 4895: 4884: 4879: 4870: 4841: 4838:Redox Report 4837: 4808: 4804: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4745: 4739: 4730: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4536: 4532: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4469:Nepenthaceae 4461: 4446:. Retrieved 4442: 4433: 4413: 4406: 4386: 4379: 4359: 4352: 4336: 4327: 4319: 4314: 4309:. Amsterdam. 4306: 4301: 4293: 4290:Cantharifera 4289: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4169: 4164: 4121: 4117: 4107: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4021: 4017: 4007: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3921:. Retrieved 3906: 3899: 3864: 3860: 3850: 3815: 3811: 3801: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3748: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3666: 3662: 3652: 3642: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3595: 3562: 3558: 3548: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3511: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3471: 3466: 3455:. Retrieved 3443: 3439: 3429: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3353:. Retrieved 3349:the original 3345:ICPS Webpage 3344: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3284: 3280: 3274: 3254: 3247: 3242:. Amsterdam. 3239: 3235: 3230: 3220: 3191: 3181: 3172: 3171:Cytology of 3166: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3081: 3078: 3073: 3062: 3023: 3018: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2937:(1): 31–33. 2934: 2928: 2922: 2918: 2910: 2898:. 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Retrieved 2509: 2505: 2492: 2476: 2467: 2459: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2409: 2408:'Emmarene' ( 2405: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2386:N. northiana 2385: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2280: 2275: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2232: 2226: 2218: 2210: 2197: 2191: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2159: 2156: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2078: 2072: 2048: 2045:World War II 2040: 2036: 2030: 2022: 2014: 2003: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1967: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1927: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1904: 1903: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863:Ambon Island 1854: 1848: 1844: 1841:Cantharifera 1840: 1834: 1826: 1820: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1801:Cantharifera 1800: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1761: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1736:Jacob Breyne 1731: 1714: 1712: 1705: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1684: 1676: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1648: 1643: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1601:bactericides 1596: 1595: 1580: 1570: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1514: 1512: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1477: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1449:putrefaction 1444: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1423: 1385: 1382:viscoelastic 1333: 1308: 1294: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1224: 1216: 1214: 1207: 1185: 1171: 1161: 1145: 1133: 1127: 1119: 1117: 1110: 1098: 1096: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1069: 1063: 1057: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1021: 1005: 1003: 997: 988: 970: 950: 942: 938: 922: 914: 912: 907: 903: 899: 893: 887:Phylogenetic 882: 878: 870: 867:phylogenetic 863:missing link 860: 843: 835: 833: 822: 820: 812: 810: 804: 800: 791:type species 784: 774: 766: 765: 760: 756: 754: 748: 746: 736: 727: 708: 690: 680: 672: 670: 660: 654: 630: 617: 610: 578: 577: 544: 538: 532: 525: 520: 519: 503: 495:viscoelastic 492: 472:leaf margins 465: 457: 456: 442: 345:Nepenthaceae 344: 336: 332: 272: 271: 270: 257:Phyllamphora 256: 246: 236: 221:150+ species 198: 177: 176: 161:Nepenthaceae 160: 134: 121: 108: 63: 42: 36: 18:Nepenthaceae 11879:iNaturalist 11727:Wikispecies 11508:Rousseaceae 11404:Campanulids 11364:Verbenaceae 11339:Acanthaceae 11334:Pedaliaceae 11324:Byblidaceae 11192:Boraginales 11182:Apocynaceae 11172:Loganiaceae 11154:Gentianales 11103:Icacinaceae 11055:Cyrillaceae 11050:Clethraceae 11030:Styracaceae 11010:Primulaceae 10937:Grubbiaceae 10864:Santalaceae 10806:Basellaceae 10761:Gisekiaceae 10701:Physenaceae 10666:Droseraceae 10563:Sapindaceae 10553:Burseraceae 10497:Alzateaceae 10409:Neuradaceae 10348:Francoaceae 10343:Geraniaceae 10295:Aphloiaceae 10267:Capparaceae 10247:Tovariaceae 10207:Moringaceae 10189:Brassicales 10149:Cunoniaceae 10144:Oxalidaceae 10139:Connaraceae 10056:Achariaceae 10051:Humiriaceae 10016:Elatinaceae 9910:Celastrales 9867:Cannabaceae 9842:Barbeyaceae 9766:Surianaceae 9738:Begoniaceae 9733:Datiscaceae 9572:Paeoniaceae 9549:Superrosids 9534:Gunneraceae 9503:Dilleniales 9422:Platanaceae 9297:Thurniaceae 9277:Rapateaceae 9239:Marantaceae 9090:Lanariaceae 9085:Asteliaceae 9070:Orchidaceae 9062:Asparagales 9047:Smilacaceae 8989:Pandanaceae 8979:Stemonaceae 8885:Zosteraceae 8880:Maundiaceae 8832:Alismatales 8749:Monimiaceae 8673:Magnoliales 8658:Saururaceae 8635:Winteraceae 8630:Canellaceae 8613:Magnoliidae 8555:Cabombaceae 8542:Nymphaeales 8475:Supergroup 8368:Proboscidea 8319:Drymocallis 8273:Utricularia 8200:Heliamphora 8081:(† extinct) 8068:Carnivorous 8022:Nepenthales 8017:Nepenthesin 7624:. weda 7474:. thai 6924:. naga 6854:. mira 5894:. biak 5724:. alba 5553:photographs 4781:(in French) 4708:Crustaceana 4322:2: 606–607. 4262:1: 721–722. 3923:19 November 3381:(1): 7–15. 2529:10654/18083 2400:N. veitchii 2394:'Menarik' ( 2348:'D'amato' ( 2234:N. khasiana 2180:trichocarpa 2071:Cultivated 2063:Cultivation 1814:Flagellaria 1586:mutualistic 1513:Similarly, 1182:lithophytes 1170:zone (e.g. 1158:heavy metal 1012:, with the 891:chloroplast 830:bottoms-up. 657:170 species 549:vertebrates 498:biopolymers 434:Description 406:(one). 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