143:
1104:
123:, the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This is called deposition. This submerged bar of sediment allows longshore drift or littoral drift to continue to transport sediment in the direction the waves are breaking, forming an above-water spit. Without the complementary process of littoral drift, the bar would not build above the surface of the waves becoming a spit and would instead be leveled off underwater.
46:
1111:
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205:
54:
38:
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165:
The sediments that make up spits come from a variety of sources including rivers and eroding bluffs, and changes there can have a major effect on spits and other coastal landforms. Activities such as logging and farming upstream can increase the sediment load of rivers, which may hurt the intertidal
130:
reaches a section of headland where the turn is greater than 30 degrees. The spit will continue out into the sea until water pressure (e.g. from a river) becomes too great to allow the sand to deposit. Vegetation may then start to grow on the spit, and the spit may become stable and often fertile. A
161:
can occur at the end of a spit, carrying sediment around the end to form a hook or recurved spit. Refraction in multiple directions may create a complex spit. Waves that arrive in a direction other than obliquely along the spit will halt the growth of the spit, shorten it, or eventually destroy it
169:
If the supply of sediment is interrupted the sand at the neck (landward end) of the spit may be moved towards the head, eventually creating an island. If the supply is not interrupted, and the spit is not breached by the sea (or, if across an estuary, the river), the spit may become a
616:
Kazancı, Nizamettin; Gürbüz, Esra; Özgüneylioğlu, Aysen; Gürbüz, Alper; Boyraz-Aslan, Sonay; Erturaç, M. Korhan; Günok, Emine; Yücel, T. Onur; Yedek, Özgür (1 September 2022). "An inventory of coastal spits of the eastern
Mediterranean and Black seas".
696:
166:
environments around spits by smothering delicate habitats. Roads or bulkheads built along bluffs can drastically reduce the volume of sediment eroded, so that not enough material is being pushed along to maintain the spit.
102:
by longshore currents. The drift occurs due to waves meeting the beach at an oblique angle, moving sediment down the beach in a zigzag pattern. This is complemented by longshore currents, which further
651:
Brookes, Justin; Aldridge, Kane; Hipsey, Matthew; Busch, Brendan; Ye, Qifeng; Gibbs, Matt; Paton, David (1 January 2021). "Chapter 5 - Ecological condition of the Lower Lakes and
Coorong".
178:
behind the bar. If an island lies offshore near where the coast changes direction, and the spit continues to grow until it connects the island to the mainland, it is called a
425:, along the southern side of the island. The spit bends slightly west or east, changing its direction gradually, depending on the conditions of the tides and weather.
433:
Since prehistory humans have chosen certain spit formations as sites for human habitation. In some cases, these sites have been chosen for proximity to marine
759:
1602:
514:
Duane, D.B. and James, W.R., 1980, "Littoral transport in the surf zone elucidated by an
Eulerian sediment tracer experiment:"
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547:
185:
The end of a spit attached to land is called the proximal end, and the end jutting out into water is called the distal end.
304:
may qualify as the longest, also measuring in at approximately 70 miles (110 km) to the peninsula's terminus at the
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441:
296:
approximately 110 kilometres (68 mi) long. Alternatively, with the natural closing of the
Roanoke inlet in 1811,
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434:
252:
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1103:
230:
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107:
through the water alongside the beach. These currents are caused by the same waves that cause the drift.
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333:, is believed to be caused by the strong prevailing winds and currents, bringing sand eroded from the
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17:
1402:
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636:
Bourman, Robert; Harvey, Nick; James, Kris (2006). "Evolution of the
Younghusband Peninsula".
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or lake shores. It develops in places where re-entrance occurs, such as at a cove's
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135:. As spits grow, the water behind them is sheltered from wind and waves, and a
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Evans, O.F. 1942, "The origin of spits, bars and related structures:"
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409:, a popular pebble beach jutting southward from the harbor town of
280:
There is debate as to the longest spit in the world, with both the
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53:
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991:
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352:; it is approximately 4.8 km (3.0 mi) long. Another is
179:
615:
414:
387:; it is 98 km long (61 mi). In a similar fashion, the
265:
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1026:
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61:
37:
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1021:
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911:
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901:
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571:. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. pp. 1623–1627.
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91:
87:
83:
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534:. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. pp. 789–792.
315:, which extends approximately 32 km (20 mi) into
650:
27:
Coastal bar or beach landform deposited by longshore drift
1011:
814:
472:
329:, at 32 km (20 mi), in the north-west area of
722:
Hogan, C. Michael (December 2012). Burnham, A. (ed.).
703:. North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
635:
311:The longest spit in a freshwater body of water is
721:
188:
1589:
49:A spit contrasted with other coastal landforms.
337:of the South Island and depositing these into
753:
428:
174:, with both ends joined to land, and form a
421:currents flowing east and west through the
233:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
131:spit may be considered a special form of a
760:
746:
253:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:, or changes direction, for example at a
264:
141:
115:Where the direction of the shore inland
110:
52:
44:
36:
598:
596:
14:
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767:
741:
638:South Australian Geographical Journal
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231:adding citations to reliable sources
198:
562:
24:
1456:Integrated coastal zone management
665:10.1016/B978-0-12-818152-2.00005-X
487:, the sea equivalent of an isthmus
25:
1614:
528:Allen, James R. (1982). "Spits".
1572:
1571:
1109:
1102:
619:Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews
516:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology
444:prehistorical settlement on the
203:
653:Murray-Darling Basin, Australia
569:Encyclopedia of Coastal Science
344:A well-known spit in the UK is
1554:Region of freshwater influence
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689:
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629:
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356:in the UK, which connects the
189:Notable spits around the world
13:
1:
1603:Coastal and oceanic landforms
1316:Large-scale coastal behaviour
1148:Beaches in estuaries and bays
577:10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_297
501:
413:, on the Croatian island of
153:, on the U.S. Pacific coast.
7:
531:Beaches and Coastal Geology
451:
10:
1619:
475:, often confused with spit
468:List of geographical spits
192:
29:
1567:
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1241:
1201:
1118:
1100:
775:
697:"Currituck Banks Reserve"
540:10.1007/0-387-30843-1_432
429:Human settlement patterns
1261:Coastal biogeomorphology
496:List of spits of Ukraine
1158:Coastal morphodynamics
448:is one such location.
290:Younghusband Peninsula
277:
154:
151:Strait of Juan de Fuca
139:is likely to develop.
68:
50:
42:
41:Diagram showing a spit
1549:Physical oceanography
728:The Megalithic Portal
563:Uda, Takaaki (2019).
518:. vol. 50, p. 929-942
435:resource exploitation
268:
145:
111:Hydrology and geology
56:
48:
40:
1378:Submergent coastline
1331:Marine transgression
1286:Discordant coastline
1271:Concordant coastline
481:, a related landform
227:improve this section
98:, by the process of
30:For other uses, see
1482:Coastal engineering
604:Journal of Geology,
367:, off the coast of
313:Long Point, Ontario
1451:Coastal management
1291:Emergent coastline
962:Intertidal wetland
865:Continental margin
373:Kaliningrad Oblast
278:
155:
105:transport sediment
69:
60:, divided between
51:
43:
1585:
1584:
1413:Wave-cut platform
1326:Marine regression
870:Continental shelf
860:Coastal waterfall
769:Coastal geography
606:v. 50, p. 846-863
586:978-3-319-93805-9
549:978-0-87933-213-6
399:off the coast of
360:to the mainland.
263:
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126:Spits occur when
16:(Redirected from
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1598:Spits (landform)
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1336:Raised shoreline
1311:Ingression coast
1306:Graded shoreline
1281:Cuspate foreland
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1057:Submarine canyon
917:Freshwater marsh
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417:, is formed by
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294:South Australia
276:'s South Island
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393:Vistula Lagoon
391:separates the
302:North Carolina
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193:Main article:
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147:Dungeness Spit
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1256:Cliffed coast
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1183:Shingle beach
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855:Coastal plain
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724:"Morro Creek"
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674:9780128181522
670:
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640:(105): 37–50.
639:
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625:(3): 329–349.
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365:Curonian Spit
361:
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335:Southern Alps
332:
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324:
323:Farewell Spit
320:
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275:
271:
270:Farewell Spit
267:
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222:
221:
217:
212:This section
210:
206:
201:
200:
196:
195:List of spits
186:
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173:
167:
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160:
152:
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144:
140:
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134:
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108:
106:
101:
97:
93:
90:landform off
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
67:
63:
59:
58:Curonian Spit
55:
47:
39:
33:
19:
1408:Volcanic arc
1296:Feeder bluff
1203:River mouths
1168:Raised beach
1163:Pocket beach
1091:
1062:Tidal island
1052:Strand plain
1036:
997:Natural arch
727:
717:
705:. Retrieved
700:
691:
656:
652:
646:
637:
631:
622:
618:
611:
603:
568:
558:
530:
523:
515:
510:
432:
423:Hvar Channel
405:
389:Vistula Spit
362:
354:Chesil Beach
343:
331:South Island
321:
310:
306:Oregon Inlet
298:Bodie Island
279:
249:
243:October 2016
240:
225:Please help
213:
184:
168:
164:
156:
125:
116:
114:
76:
72:
70:
1559:River plume
1373:Steep coast
1346:Rocky shore
1341:Rip current
1221:River delta
1193:Wash margin
1188:Storm beach
1178:Shell beach
1143:Beach wrack
1138:Beach ridge
1128:Beach cusps
1077:Tied island
1067:Tidal marsh
790:Archipelago
346:Spurn Point
327:New Zealand
286:Sea of Azov
282:Arabat Spit
274:New Zealand
1592:Categories
1487:Grain size
1461:Submersion
1438:Management
1423:Wind fetch
1383:Surf break
1301:Flat coast
1231:regressive
1017:Salt marsh
875:Coral reef
659:: 95–108.
502:References
407:Zlatni Rat
397:Gdańsk Bay
385:Baltic Sea
339:Golden Bay
162:entirely.
159:refraction
137:salt marsh
81:deposition
1446:Accretion
1428:Wind wave
1388:Surf zone
1243:Processes
1216:Mouth bar
1173:Recession
1153:Beachrock
1072:Tide pool
1002:Peninsula
890:cliff-top
777:Landforms
683:229395900
446:Morro Bay
395:from the
383:from the
369:Lithuania
317:Lake Erie
214:does not
117:re-enters
96:headlands
66:Lithuania
1577:Category
1403:Undertow
1356:Sea foam
1351:Sea cave
1251:Blowhole
1093:Windwatt
952:Headland
800:Avulsion
452:See also
419:Adriatic
288:and the
121:headland
77:sandspit
1527:shingle
1507:granule
1492:boulder
1470:Related
1366:peresyp
1276:Current
1211:Debouch
1120:Beaches
1087:Waituna
1082:Tombolo
992:Mudflat
987:Machair
977:Isthmus
897:Estuary
840:Channel
707:20 June
565:"Spits"
491:Tombolo
463:Isthmus
439:Chumash
348:at the
284:in the
235:removed
220:sources
180:tombolo
149:in the
18:Nehrung
1517:pebble
1512:gravel
1502:cobble
1047:Strait
1027:Skerry
982:Lagoon
967:Island
922:Fundus
825:Bodden
681:
671:
583:
546:
485:Strait
437:; the
401:Poland
377:Russia
350:Humber
176:lagoon
92:coasts
62:Russia
1398:Swash
1361:Shoal
1042:Stack
1032:Sound
1022:Shoal
972:Islet
957:Inlet
947:Hapua
912:Fjord
907:Fjard
902:Firth
850:Coast
845:Cliff
820:Bight
795:Atoll
679:S2CID
479:Shoal
272:, on
157:Wave
133:shoal
88:beach
79:is a
1532:silt
1522:sand
1497:clay
1226:mega
1037:Spit
1007:Reef
937:Gulf
885:Dune
880:Cove
835:Cape
805:Ayre
709:2023
669:ISBN
581:ISBN
544:ISBN
415:Brač
371:and
363:The
218:any
216:cite
73:spit
64:and
32:Spit
1012:Ria
942:Gut
932:Geo
927:Gat
815:Bay
661:doi
573:doi
536:doi
473:Ria
411:Bol
375:of
325:in
300:in
292:in
229:by
172:bar
86:or
84:bar
75:or
1594::
726:.
699:.
677:.
667:.
655:.
621:.
595:^
579:.
567:.
542:.
403:.
341:.
319:.
308:.
182:.
71:A
761:e
754:t
747:v
730:.
711:.
685:.
663::
657:1
623:4
589:.
575::
552:.
538::
256:)
250:(
245:)
241:(
237:.
223:.
34:.
20:)
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