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513:. Based on these experiments, the Royal Navy concluded that aircraft were useful aboard ship for spotting and other purposes, but that interference with the firing of guns caused by the runway built over the foredeck and the danger and impracticality of recovering seaplanes that alighted in the water in anything but calm weather more than offset the desirability of having airplanes aboard. In 1912, the nascent naval air detachment in the United Kingdom was amalgamated to form the
597:
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617:, two balloons and 727 personnel, making it larger than the Royal Flying Corps. The main roles of the RNAS were fleet reconnaissance, patrolling coasts for enemy ships and submarines, attacking enemy coastal territory and defending Britain from enemy air-raids, along with deployment along the Western Front. In 1914 the first aerial torpedo was dropped in trials performed in a
337:. The vision of the aerial fleet was for scouting. Each aircraft would have a pilot and observer. The observer would use the wireless radio technology to report on enemy ships. Some thoughts were given to deliver counterattacks on hostile aircraft using "explosives or other means". Using airplanes to bomb ships was seen as largely impractical at the time. CAPT
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the wake of a disaster, such as when a region's airport is destroyed or overcrowded and the region cannot be effectively accessed by road or helicopter. The capability of ships to provide clean, fresh water which can be transported by helicopter to affected areas is also valuable. Naval aircraft played an important part in providing relief in the wake of the
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solely destroyed by airplanes. During the war the German "Marineflieger" claimed the destruction of 270 enemy planes, 6 balloons, 2 airships, 1 Russian destroyer, 4 merchant ships, 3 submarines, 4 torpedo boats and 12 vehicles, for the loss of 170 German sea and land planes as well as 9 vehicles. Notable
Marineflieger aces were
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felt it was much easier to defend against airplanes than mines or torpedoes. The wireless radio was cumbersome (greater than 50 pounds), but the technology was improving. Experiments were underway for the first ICS (pilot to observer comms) using headsets, as well as connecting the observer to the
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Naval aircraft are used to airlift supplies, insert specialized personnel (e.g. medical staff, relief workers), and evacuate persons in distress in the aftermath of natural disasters. Naval aircraft are vital in cases where traditional infrastructure to provide relief are destroyed or overtaxed in
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as an alternative to contemporary catapult systems. As the Royal Navy retired or sold the last of its World War II-era carriers, they were replaced with smaller ships designed to operate helicopters and the V/STOVL Sea
Harrier jet. The ski-jump gave the Harriers an enhanced STOVL capability,
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on one-way missions to bomb Japan. All were lost to fuel exhaustion after bombing their targets and the experiment was not repeated. Smaller carriers were built in large numbers to escort slow cargo convoys or supplement fast carriers. Aircraft for observation or light raids were also carried by
737:
In August 1914 Germany operated 20 planes and one
Zeppelin, another 15 planes were confiscated. They operated from bases in Germany and Flanders (Belgium). On 19 August 1918 several British torpedo boats were sunk by 10 German planes near Heligoland. These are considered as the first naval units
1037:, saw the publicity stunt as a means to increase funding and support for the Navy's aircraft carrier projects. Moffett was sure that he had to move decisively in order to avoid having his fleet air arm fall into the hands of a proposed combined Land/Sea Air Force which took care of
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on the fore-deck; in 1917 it was reconstructed with separate flight decks fore and aft of the superstructure; then finally, after the war, it was heavily reconstructed with a three-quarter length main flight deck, and a lower-level take-off only flight deck on the fore-deck.
719:. The raid was not a complete success, owing to sub-optimal weather conditions, including fog and low cloud, but the raid was able to conclusively demonstrate the feasibility of air-to-land strikes from a naval platform. Two German airships were destroyed at the
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saw the emergence of naval aviation as the decisive element in the war at sea. The principal users were Japan, United States (both with
Pacific interests to protect) and Britain. Germany, the Soviet Union, France and Italy had a lesser involvement.
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was therefore the last
British battleship and her sisters were cancelled. The United States had already instigated a large construction programme (which was also cut short) but these large ships were mainly used as anti-aircraft batteries or for
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even opted to remove its island entirely in favor of a less obstructed flight deck and improved pilot visibility. Instead, Japanese carriers opted to control their flight operations from a platform extending from the side of the flight deck.
1445:, with a variety of useful roles and mission capability aboard aircraft carriers and other naval ships. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the United Kingdom and the United States converted some older carriers into Commando Carriers or
302:, proving the concept of shipboard operations. However, the platforms erected on those vessels were temporary measures. The U.S. Navy and Glenn Curtiss experienced two firsts during January 1911. On 27 January, Curtiss flew the first
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Carrier-based naval aviation provides a country's seagoing forces with air cover over areas that may not be reachable by land-based aircraft, giving them a considerable advantage over navies composed primarily of surface combatants.
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must be sturdy enough to withstand the demands of carrier operations. They must be able to launch in a short distance and be sturdy and flexible enough to come to a sudden stop on a pitching flight deck; they typically have robust
1667:(ASW) capabilities by European NATO navies. One of the most effective weapons against submarines is the ASW helicopter, several of which could be based on these light ships. These carriers are typically around 20,000 tons
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in 1920 which reached the conclusion that "the entire experiment pointed to the improbability of a modern battleship being either destroyed or completely put out of action by aerial bombs." Investigation by the
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In World War II the aircraft carrier replaced the battleship as the most powerful naval offensive weapons system as battles between fleets were increasingly fought out of gun range by aircraft. The
Japanese
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the United States's airpower needs. (That very fate had befallen the two air services of the United
Kingdom in 1918: the Royal Flying Corps had been combined with the Royal Naval Air Service to become the
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of the Royal
Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. The runway was canted at an angle of a few degrees from the longitudinal axis of the ship. If an aircraft missed the arrestor cables (referred to as a
1046:, a condition which would remain until 1937.) Moffett supervised the development of naval air tactics throughout the '20s. The first aircraft carrier entered the U.S. fleet with the conversion of the
1486:(UAV) aboard an aircraft carrier. After a decade of research and planning, the US Navy has been testing the integration of UAVs with carrier-based forces since 2013, using the experimental
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to experiment with the use of wheeled aircraft on ships. This ship was reconstructed three times between 1915 and 1925: first, while still under construction, it was modified to receive a
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and carry a mix of ASW helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. Land-based maritime patrol aircraft are also useful in this role, since they can operate independently of aircraft carriers.
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Experience showed that there was a need for widespread use of aircraft which could not be met quickly enough by building new fleet aircraft carriers. This was particularly true in the
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584:, in 1913. On 24 January 1913 came the first wartime naval aviation interservice cooperation mission. Greek pilots on a seaplane observed and drew a diagram of the positions of the
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as a merchant ship, but was converted on the building stocks to be a hybrid airplane/seaplane carrier with a launch platform and the capacity to hold up to four wheeled aircraft.
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435:. She was fitted for flying off aircraft with a 100-foot (30 m) downward-sloping runway which was installed on her foredeck, running over her forward 12-inch (305 mm)
1238:(also known as "jeep carriers"). These basic vessels, unsuited to fleet action by their capacity, speed and vulnerability, nevertheless provided air cover where it was needed.
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and became the first example of what is now the standard pattern of aircraft carrier, with a full-length flight deck that allowed wheeled aircraft to take off and land. After
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was mostly organised as land-based coastal defense force (apart from some scout floatplanes it consisted almost exclusively of land-based types also used by its air arms).
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power to maximum to get airborne again, and would not hit the parked aircraft because the angled deck pointed out over the sea. The angled flight deck was first tested on
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Naval aviation forces primarily perform naval roles at sea. However, they are also used for other tasks which vary between states. Common roles for such forces include:
1542:, the aircraft tows a sled through the water but is itself at a significant distance from the water, hopefully putting itself out of harm's way. Aircraft include the
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radio. The navy tested both telephones and voice tubes for ICS. As of August 1911, Italy was the only other navy known to be adapting hydroplanes for naval use.
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that allow higher numbers of them to be stored in below-decks hangars and small spaces on flight decks. These aircraft are designed for many purposes, including
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The Royal Navy had observed the impact of naval aviation and, obliged to prioritise their use of resources, abandoned battleships as the mainstay of the fleet.
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1234:, merchant ships modified to carry a small number of aircraft. The solution to the problem were large numbers of mass-produced merchant hulls converted into
1359:
1490:, and is working to procure a fleet of carrier-based UAVs, referred to as the Unmanned Carrier Launched Airborne Surveillance and Strike (UCLASS) system.
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In May 1912, with
Commander Samson again flying the "S.38", the first ever instance of an aircraft to take off from a ship which was under way occurred.
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Micheal
Clodfelter, Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th ed., McFarland, 2017, p. 426
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Micheal Clodfelter, Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th ed., McFarland, 2017, p. 430
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between 1950 and 1952 which showed it to be more powerful and reliable than the hydraulic catapults which had been introduced in the 1940s. The first
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peninsula from September until 6 November 1914, when the Germans surrendered. One Japanese plane was credited being shot down by the German aviator
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Naval aviation also provides countries with the opportunity to deploy military aircraft over land and sea, without the need for air bases on land.
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became the Naval Flying School, the first such facility in the world. Two hundred applications were received, and four were accepted: Lieutenant
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and eight new airfields were approved for construction. The first aircraft participation in naval manoeuvres took place in 1913 with the cruiser
44:
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An important development of the early 1950s was the British invention of the angled flight deck by Capt D.R.F. Campbell RN in conjunction with
1271:. Engagements between Japanese and American naval fleets were then conducted largely or entirely by aircraft - examples include the battles of
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initially boasted the two most distinctive features of a modern aircraft carrier: a full-length flight deck and a starboard-side control tower
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375:, in January 1914 with Mustin as its commanding officer. On April 24 of that year, and for a period of approximately 45 days afterward, five
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fast jet meant that the Invincible-class could carry fixed-wing aircraft, despite their short flight decks. The British also introduced the
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and other forces performing amphibious landings. Ship-based aircraft may also be used to support amphibious forces as they move inland.
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Many British naval vessels carried float planes, seaplanes or amphibians for reconnaissance and spotting: two to four on battleships or
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carriers were originally designated as "through deck cruisers" and were initially to operate as helicopter-only craft escort carriers.
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The need for a more mobile strike capacity led to the development of the aircraft carrier - the backbone of modern naval aviation.
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demonstrated the capabilities of his 8-foot-long black kite and it was proposed for use as either a mechanism to hold up wires for
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Battle of the Atlantic, aircraft carried by low-cost escort carriers were used for antisubmarine patrol, defense, and attack.
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The first strike from a seaplane carrier against a land target as well as a sea target took place in September 1914 when the
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was invented by Lieutenant Commander H. C. N. Goodhart RN. The first trials of a mirror landing sight were conducted on HMS
539:. However, shipboard naval aviation had begun in the Royal Navy, and would become a major part of fleet operations by 1917.
30:"Naval aviator" redirects here. For the term used for pilots in the U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Coast Guard, see
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in 1941, Japanese carrier-based aircraft sank many US warships during the attack on Pearl Harbor and land-based aircraft
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were built by Japan, each carrying one floatplane, which did not prove effective in war. The French Navy built one large
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was the first purpose-built seaplane carrier and was also arguably the first modern aircraft carrier. She was originally
871:, the ship was heavily involved for several years in the development of the optimum design for other aircraft carriers.
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against which they dropped four bombs. This event was widely commented upon in the press, both Greek and international.
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communications or as a manned reconnaissance device that would give the viewer the advantage of considerable height.
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and others succeeded in maintaining it, but the service continued to support battleship-based doctrines. To counter
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attack. The British authorities used unorthodox, temporary, but effective means of giving air protection such as
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Georg Paul Neumann, Die deutschen Luftstreitkräfte im Weltkriege, E.S. Mittler & Sohn, Berlin, 1920, p. 589
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seaplanes bombarded German-held land targets (communication centers and command centers) and damaged a German
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in 1909, the first air component of the navy to become operational, and the genesis of modern naval aviation.
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to purchase three airplanes and in the spring of 1911 four additional officers were trained as pilots by the
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Jet aircraft were used on aircraft carriers after the War. The first jet landing on a carrier was made by
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314:, a student at the nearby Curtiss School, took off in a Curtiss "grass cutter" plane to become the first
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in August 1912, and in 1915 made the first catapult launching from a ship underway. The first permanent
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On the Western front the first naval air raid occurred on 25 December 1914 when twelve seaplanes from
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The group expanded with the addition of six aviators in 1912 and five in 1913, from both the Navy and
207:" to investigate the potential for naval aviation. In 1909 this body accepted the proposal of Captain
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The History of Aircraft Carriers: An authoritative guide to 100 years of aircraft carrier development
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37:"Naval aircraft" redirects here. For the term for aircraft specifically designed for naval use, see
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to demonstrate that airplanes could take off from and land aboard ships at sea. One of his pilots,
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but completely vindicated Mitchell to the public. Some men, such as Captain (soon Rear Admiral)
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In 2013, the US Navy completed the first successful catapult launch and arrested landing of an
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was the first attack in history made by aircraft flying from a carrier flight deck, with seven
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Air warfare conducted by forces under naval authority, or in direct support of naval operations
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assets. This resulted in the development and deployment of light aircraft carriers with major
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The French also established a naval aviation capability in 1910 with the establishment of the
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Times-Picayune. Our Aero Amphibian Fleet. John Elfreth Watkins. August 20, 1911. Page 1.
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946:(1921) was the world's first purpose-built aircraft carrier, although the initial plans and
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Aircraft carriers;: A graphic history of carrier aviation and its influence on world events
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Naval aviation units are typically projected to a position nearer the target by way of an
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Milanovich, Kathrin. "HĂ´shĂ´: The First Aircraft Carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy",
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in June 1910 along with two aircraft with which to train new pilots, and an airfield at
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Early experiments on the use of kites for naval reconnaissance took place in 1903 at
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Enterprise: America's Fightingest Ship and the Men Who Helped Win World War II
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missions, such as reconnaissance, search and rescue, and maritime law enforcement.
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During the course of the war, seaborne aircraft were used in fleet actions at sea (
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Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and Its Influence on World Events
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battleships and cruisers, while blimps were used to search for attack submarines.
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a plane on a moving ship. He was killed five days later during another landing on
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was powered by eight nuclear reactors and was the second surface warship (after
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Genuine aircraft carriers did not emerge beyond Britain until the early 1920s.
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is "credited with conducting the first successful carrier air raid in history"
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coast in November 1910. Two months later Ely landed aboard another cruiser,
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was built in 1908 and was the first aircraft to be used in a naval capacity.
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2803:"Navy's X-47B drone completes 'key' carrier tests alongside F/A-18 Hornet"
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Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1859–1922
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and Curtiss. A camp with a primitive landing field was established on the
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The Last Zero Fighter: Firsthand Accounts from WWII Japanese Naval Pilots
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Grosnick, Roy A. United States Naval Aviation 1910 - 1995 (4th ed. 1997)
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On the Warpath in the Pacific: Admiral Jocko Clark and the Fast Carriers
2776:"Using Simulation to Optimize Ski Jump Ramp Profiles for STOVL Aircraft"
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with a 14-inch-diameter (360 mm), 810-pound (370 kg) torpedo.
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At the outbreak of war the Royal Naval Air Service had 93 aircraft, six
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2831:"Top Gun, robot-style: Navy moves ahead on carrier-based drone program"
2568:. U.S. Department of the Navy – Naval Historical Center. Archived from
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helicopter, performs mine countermeasure training using the MK-105 sled
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to be used for reconnaissance. This resulted in the construction of
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become the first British aircraft to take-off from a ship while at
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1297:. Japan's last carriers and pilots are deliberately sacrificed, a
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2355:"Marineflieger: Als Wilhelm II. seiner Flotte das Fliegen befahl"
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2892:. Full text (775 pages) public domain edition is also available
1366:, jets were regularly operating from carriers by the mid-1950s.
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993:'s campaign to establish a separate Department of Aeronautics,
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The First Team: Pacific Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway
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Hero of the Air: Glenn Curtiss and the Birth of Naval Aviation
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The US Navy built the first aircraft carrier to be powered by
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The first pilots for the Royal Navy were transferred from the
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Historic Naval Aircraft: The Best of "Naval History" Magazine
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359:, designated as the Navy's aviation ship. Meanwhile, Captain
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Impact of Air Power on the British People and the Government
1628:(VERTREP) is a method of supplying naval vessels at sea, by
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or reactors, was invented by Commander C.C. Mitchell of the
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LZ551/G) on 3 December 1945. Following the introduction of
906:. For the loss of one man, the British destroyed two German
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2857:"Japan selects Northrop mine-hunting gear for MCH101 fleet"
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makes the first landing of an aircraft on a moving ship, a
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The Douglas Dauntless SBD was used extensively during the
535:. In 1914, naval aviation was split again, and became the
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approved the formation of an "Aerial Sub-Committee of the
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Correll, John T. "Billy Mitchell and the Battleships" in
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Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power 1909–1941
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then transferred her aviation equipment to battleship
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British Naval Aviation, The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990
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1582:. Aircraft based on naval ships provide support to
1187:aircraft and later sunk lacking its own air cover.
443:and equipped with rails to guide the aircraft. The
1311:by this stage in the war and the vulnerability of
349:, and conducted maneuvers with the Fleet from the
218:that rigid airships should be constructed for the
2676:The Naval Bombing Experiments: Bombing Operations
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1566:. This is generally conducted using air-launched
1558:Aircraft operated by navies are also used in the
1479:allowing them to take off with heavier payloads.
1256:Other actions involving naval aviation included:
985:program in 1919. Assistant Secretary of the Navy
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2148:Modern United States Navy carrier air operations
814:During World War I the Royal Navy also used HMS
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1104:Aircraft carrier operations during World War II
265:U.S. naval aviation began with pioneer aviator
2507:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
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1210:medium bombers were launched from the carrier
1173:helped finding submarines and surface fleets.
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2980:The fast carriers: the forging of an air navy
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471:then transferred her flight equipment to her
135:can be used for many of the same missions as
1401:. It was widely adopted following trials on
2194:British Naval Aviation: The First 100 Years
750:(13 victories, 1 airship and 1 submarine),
715:steamers converted into seaplane carriers)
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1449:(LPH); seagoing helicopter airfields like
1222:, where convoys were highly vulnerable to
811:campaign and throughout World War I.
560:. In May 1913 Germany established a naval
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2689:
2636:Naval Institute Press (Annapolis), 2001.
2410:TB Torpedo Bomber. T Torpedo and bombing.
1635:
1620:
981:attempted to entirely dissolve the USN's
323:Bureau of Navigation (United States Navy)
3044:- A comprehensive history from the U.S.
2936:One Hundred Years of U.S. Navy Air Power
2455:"Sabre et pinceau", Christian Polak, p92
2415:
2373:Hellenic Air Force History – Balkan Wars
1955:
1761:Republic of China Naval Aviation Command
1751:People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force
1730:
1600:
1500:
1323:
1319:
1189:
1129:), strikes against naval units in port (
917:
769:
595:
542:Other early operators of seaplanes were
424:In January 1912, the British battleship
405:
163:
139:while operating from aircraft carriers,
43:
2854:
2521:
2350:
2348:
1578:Naval aviation is also used as part of
1553:
1530:
1522:
1307:demonstrated U.S. air supremacy in the
910:, L.54 and L.60 and a captive balloon.
807:on 5 September 1914, she served in the
661:conducted ship-launched air raids from
491:(19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) at the
363:successfully tested the concept of the
262:and the first flight training schools.
14:
3181:
3035:United States Naval Aviation 1910-1995
2538:. RN official web site. Archived from
2502:
1868:Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Aviation
1378:"), the pilot only needed to increase
717:attacked the Zeppelin base at Cuxhaven
3080:
3054:
2867:from the original on 10 November 2011
2800:
2393:Naval Aviation in the First World War
1755:Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy
1573:
1169:. Surface-based aircraft such as the
1068:and one on cruisers. The aircraft, a
886:, a British bombing raid against the
431:took part in aircraft experiments at
81:that embark aircraft, or land bases.
52:launches from the flight deck of the
2671:Naval History & Heritage Command
2423:Guinness Book of Air Facts and Feats
2345:
1594:Naval aircraft are used for various
1513:
383:flown by ten aviators operated from
2686:. 3 Apr 2007. Accessed 31 Dec 2010.
2336:
2321:
2306:
2291:
2247:
2217:
1315:without air cover to aerial attack.
1014:that discovered the rigging led to
766:Development of the aircraft carrier
517:and in 1913 a seaplane base on the
247:, Lieutenant A Gregory and Captain
24:
2882:
2390:
2232:
2091:Netherlands Naval Aviation Service
2081:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
1674:
1589:
913:
644:sank a Turkish supply ship in the
578:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
321:$ 25,000 was appropriated for the
25:
3200:
3016:
2949:
2855:Waldron, Greg (25 October 2011).
2829:Gallagher, Sean (23 April 2014).
2801:Ernst, Douglas (19 August 2014).
2197:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 1.
1968:flies patrol for naval operations
1892:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
1735:A Brazilian Navy EC725 helicopter
1393:, powered by steam from a ship's
3021:
1858:Indonesian Naval Aviation Center
1648:faced a significant threat from
1535:Aircraft may be used to conduct
875:also evaluated various types of
550:naval aviation units within the
159:
2848:
2822:
2794:
2768:
2664:
2647:
2622:
2609:
2584:
2554:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2458:
2449:
2429:
2412:Retrieved on 29 September 2009.
2384:
2366:
2330:
2315:
1652:submarine forces, specifically
1466:The arrival of the Sea Harrier
1295:largest naval battle in history
1289:, with the first appearance of
1269:sank two large British warships
1097:
957:(1924) had begun earlier. Both
828:Squadron Commander E.H. Dunning
455:seaplane piloted by Lieutenant
310:and the next day U.S. Navy Lt.
2562:"Eugene Ely's Flight from USS
2408:GlobalSecurity.org. Military.
2300:
2285:
2276:
2256:
2241:
2226:
2211:
2184:
2164:
2034:United States Naval Air Forces
1029:involved violating the Navy's
1000:ordered a rigged test against
977:In the United States, Admiral
591:
13:
1:
2465:IJN Wakamiya Aircraft Carrier
2158:
1994:Royal Thai Naval Air Division
1908:Royal Malaysian Navy Aviation
1872:Islamic Republic of Iran Navy
1808:Flotilla de Aeronaves (FLOAN)
1137:), support of ground forces (
205:Committee of Imperial Defence
1692:List of naval aviation units
1447:Landing Platform Helicopters
846:, becoming the first person
633:piloted by Flight Commander
568:and an airplane squadron in
7:
2341:. Vol. I. p. 156.
2326:. Vol. I. p. 138.
2121:
1082:submarine aircraft carriers
1054:and its recommissioning as
723:on July 19, 1918, by seven
439:from her forebridge to her
32:United States Naval Aviator
10:
3205:
2754:Sea Power Centre Australia
2311:. Vol. I. p. 70.
2296:. Vol. I. p. 37.
2252:. Vol. I. p. 33.
2071:Naval Air Service (Greece)
1802:United States Marine Corps
1696:
1354:in the specially modified
1345:Lt Cdr Eric 'Winkle' Brown
1232:merchant aircraft carriers
1101:
727:launched from the carrier
339:Washington Irving Chambers
154:
36:
29:
3088:
2598:. Conway (London), 2008.
2440:Source:GlobalSecurity.org
2222:. Vol. I. p. 6.
2054:
1974:Portuguese Naval Aviation
1960:Although operated by the
1723:Bangladesh Naval Aviation
830:, Royal Navy, landed his
414:'s historic takeoff from
333:at Greenbury Point, near
2750:"The angled flight deck"
2720:Sturtivant, Ray (1990).
2191:Tim Benbow, ed. (2011).
2138:List of naval air forces
2014:Ukrainian Naval Aviation
1788:Colombian Naval Aviation
1741:Brazilian Naval Aviation
1703:Argentine Naval Aviation
1493:
1236:escort aircraft carriers
1143:Allied invasion of Italy
629:, and in August 1915, a
269:who contracted with the
3046:Naval Historical Center
3011:excerpt and text search
3001:excerpt and text search
2991:excerpt and text search
2971:excerpt and text search
2961:excerpt and text search
2756:. Royal Australian Navy
2264:"France Naval Aviation"
2172:"Fleet Air Arm History"
2101:Royal Naval Air Service
1938:Peruvian Naval Aviation
1484:unmanned aerial vehicle
1018:resolutions compelling
775:Sqn. Cdr. E. H. Dunning
548:Marine-Fliegerabteilung
537:Royal Naval Air Service
2695:Boyne (2003), pp.227–8
2503:Layman, R. D. (1989).
2095:Royal Netherlands Navy
2085:Imperial Japanese Navy
2061:K.u.K. Seefliegerkorps
2004:Turkish Naval Aviation
1984:Russian Naval Aviation
1969:
1928:Pakistan Naval Air Arm
1918:Mexican Naval Aviation
1902:Republic of Korea Navy
1878:Italian Naval Aviation
1798:Department of Aviation
1765:Republic of China Navy
1736:
1665:anti-submarine warfare
1636:Anti-submarine warfare
1626:Vertical replenishment
1621:Vertical replenishment
1617:
1510:
1488:Northrop Grumman X-47B
1410:Optical Landing System
1391:steam-powered catapult
1340:
1332:on Royal Navy carrier
1199:
1155:Carrier-based aircraft
1151:Battle of the Atlantic
1147:anti-submarine warfare
934:
863:was converted from an
789:
748:Friedrich Christiansen
653:Imperial Japanese Navy
610:
467:, on 10 January 1912.
421:
174:
90:Carrier-based aircraft
69:is the application of
63:
3030:at Wikimedia Commons
2425:(3rd ed.). 1977.
2339:The Naval Air Service
2324:The Naval Air Service
2309:The Naval Air Service
2294:The Naval Air Service
2250:The Naval Air Service
2220:The Naval Air Service
2111:Soviet Naval Aviation
2065:Austro-Hungarian Navy
2048:Vietnam People's Navy
1959:
1948:Polish Naval Aviation
1838:Navy Aviation Command
1818:French Naval Aviation
1771:Chilean Navy Aviation
1734:
1717:Royal Australian Navy
1682:2010 Haiti earthquake
1604:
1504:
1327:
1320:Post-war developments
1193:
1114:Soviet Naval Aviation
995:Secretary of the Navy
921:
773:
621:by Lieutenant (later
599:
521:, an airship base at
409:
167:
47:
2997:The Battle of Midway
2941:Trimble, William F.
2927:Polmar, Norman, ed.
2924:(2nd ed. 2 vol 2006)
2861:Flight International
2808:The Washington Times
1912:Royal Malaysian Navy
1848:Indian Naval Air Arm
1560:anti-surface warfare
1554:Anti-surface warfare
1531:Mine countermeasures
1523:Strategic projection
1356:de Havilland Vampire
1301:is sunk by aircraft.
1287:Battle of Leyte Gulf
1263:At the start of the
1157:were specialised as
888:Imperial German Navy
740:Gotthard Sachsenberg
689:, using his pistol.
572:(Puck, Poland). The
277:, took off from the
260:Service Aeronautique
187:Samuel Franklin Cody
2985:Reynolds, Clark G.
2965:Lundstrom, John B.
2934:Smith, Douglas, V.
2782:on January 25, 2009
2615:Milanovich (2008),
2566:, 14 November 1910"
1713:Fleet Air Arm (RAN)
1616:land based aircraft
1612:is an example of a
1399:Royal Naval Reserve
1364:angled flight decks
1328:The ski-jump and a
1031:rules of engagement
1020:more honest studies
890:'s airship base at
758:(8 victories), and
669:in China. The four
566:Berlin-Johannisthal
449:Short Improved S.27
371:was established at
335:Annapolis, Maryland
312:Theodore G. Ellyson
141:helicopter carriers
137:fixed-wing aircraft
127:command and control
119:weather observation
3040:2014-12-16 at the
3005:Tillman, Barrett.
2995:Symonds, Craig L.
2976:Reynolds, Clark G.
2906:Ireland, Bernard.
2899:2014-12-16 at the
2681:2014-02-01 at the
2655:Air Force Magazine
2572:on 6 December 2002
2532:"HMS Furious 1917"
2378:2009-07-18 at the
2153:Naval air squadron
2038:United States Navy
1970:
1737:
1618:
1580:amphibious warfare
1574:Amphibious warfare
1568:anti-ship missiles
1564:surface combatants
1511:
1414:Mirror Landing Aid
1341:
1200:
1074:Supermarine Walrus
1035:William A. Moffett
987:Franklin Roosevelt
935:
902:launched from HMS
826:On 2 August 1917,
790:
667:Battle of Tsingtao
611:
580:, modelled on the
553:Kaiserliche Marine
515:Royal Flying Corps
493:Royal Fleet Review
422:
373:Pensacola, Florida
306:from the water at
271:United States Navy
175:
95:folding mechanisms
71:military air power
64:
39:Navalised aircraft
3176:
3175:
3082:Military branches
3026:Media related to
2735:978-0-85368-938-6
2604:978-1-84486-062-3
2594:in John Jordan's
2514:978-0-87021-210-9
2143:Military aviation
1514:Fleet air defense
1251:shore bombardment
1078:catapult-launched
1022:. The sinking of
983:Naval Aeronautics
623:Air Chief Marshal
531:converted into a
369:naval air station
300:San Francisco Bay
287:anchored off the
133:Naval helicopters
111:search and rescue
99:air-to-air combat
16:(Redirected from
3196:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3025:
2920:Polmar, Norman.
2913:Polmar, Norman.
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2778:. Archived from
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2717:
2696:
2693:
2687:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2651:
2645:
2635:
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2588:
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2558:
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2549:
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2528:
2519:
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2500:
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2260:
2254:
2253:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2026:(United Kingdom
1779:
1644:, the navies of
1425:nuclear reactors
1371:Lewis Boddington
1305:Operation Ten-Go
1196:Battle of Midway
1011:New-York Tribune
998:Josephus Daniels
924:Grumman J2F Duck
746:(18 victories),
744:Alexander Zenzes
742:(31 victories),
683:Gunther PlĂĽschow
576:established the
533:seaplane carrier
487:steamed at 10.5
387:and the cruiser
107:submarine attack
86:aircraft carrier
54:aircraft carrier
21:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3158:Security forces
3138:Military police
3133:Missile defence
3093:Airborne forces
3084:
3079:
3042:Wayback Machine
3019:
2955:King, Dan, ed.
2952:
2901:Wayback Machine
2885:
2883:Further reading
2880:
2870:
2868:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2718:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2683:Wayback Machine
2669:
2665:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2633:
2628:Peattie, Mark.
2627:
2623:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2542:on 13 June 2008
2530:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2407:
2400:
2389:
2385:
2380:Wayback Machine
2371:
2367:
2361:
2353:
2346:
2335:
2331:
2320:
2316:
2305:
2301:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2268:
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2262:
2261:
2257:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2227:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2189:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2124:
2057:
2044:Naval Air Force
1998:Royal Thai Navy
1978:Portuguese Navy
1888:Fleet Air Force
1862:Indonesian Navy
1773:
1727:Bangladesh Navy
1699:
1694:
1677:
1675:Disaster relief
1638:
1623:
1596:maritime patrol
1592:
1590:Maritime patrol
1576:
1556:
1533:
1525:
1516:
1496:
1322:
1309:Pacific theater
1163:torpedo bombers
1106:
1100:
1044:Royal Air Force
933:used for patrol
916:
914:Interwar period
788:, 2 August 1917
768:
762:(7 victories).
754:(8 victories),
635:Charles Edmonds
627:Arthur Longmore
594:
365:catapult launch
361:Henry C. Mustin
327:Wright brothers
233:Royal Aero Club
216:Sir John Fisher
179:Woolwich Common
162:
157:
77:, whether from
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3202:
3192:
3191:
3189:Naval aviation
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3168:Special forces
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3028:Naval aviation
3018:
3017:External links
3015:
3014:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2983:
2982:(3rd ed. 1992)
2973:
2963:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2847:
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2793:
2767:
2741:
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2697:
2688:
2663:
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2583:
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2468:
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2428:
2414:
2398:
2395:. p. 206.
2383:
2365:
2360:, 6 May 2013,
2344:
2329:
2314:
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2284:
2275:
2255:
2240:
2237:. p. 168.
2225:
2210:
2203:
2183:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Aerial warfare
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2098:
2088:
2078:
2068:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2031:
2021:
2018:Ukrainian Navy
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1895:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1792:Colombian Navy
1785:
1768:
1758:
1748:
1745:Brazilian Navy
1738:
1720:
1710:
1707:Argentine Navy
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1686:Typhoon Haiyan
1676:
1673:
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1515:
1512:
1495:
1492:
1347:who landed on
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1302:
1293:, perhaps the
1284:
1281:Philippine Sea
1261:
1220:North Atlantic
1204:Doolittle Raid
1185:escort carrier
1099:
1096:
1066:battlecruisers
991:Billy Mitchell
979:William Benson
915:
912:
900:Sopwith Camels
877:arresting gear
767:
764:
725:Sopwith Camels
671:Maurice Farman
646:Sea of Marmara
631:Short Type 184
619:Short "Folder"
604:seaplane from
602:Maurice Farman
593:
590:
564:detachment in
457:Charles Samson
412:Charles Samson
401:Tampico Affair
213:First Sea Lord
209:Reginald Bacon
198:Prime Minister
161:
158:
156:
153:
125:and wide area
123:reconnaissance
103:surface attack
67:Naval aviation
50:F/A-18C Hornet
26:
18:Naval Aviation
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2898:
2895:
2891:
2890:partly online
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2133:Army aviation
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2116:
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2035:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2024:Fleet Air Arm
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:Peruvian Navy
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:Pakistan Navy
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1913:
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1859:
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1843:
1842:Hellenic Navy
1839:
1836:
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1829:
1828:Marineflieger
1826:
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1816:
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1610:1150 Atlantic
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1476:ski-jump ramp
1473:
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1346:
1338:
1337:
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1326:
1314:
1313:surface ships
1310:
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1303:
1300:
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1274:
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1128:
1127:
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1117:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:Fairey Seafox
1067:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1016:Congressional
1013:
1012:
1006:
1005:
999:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:
949:
945:
944:
940:The Japanese
938:
932:
929:
925:
920:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
878:
874:
870:
869:commissioning
866:
862:
861:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
821:
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806:
802:
798:
797:
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780:
776:
772:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
735:
733:
732:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:cross-channel
710:
709:
704:
703:
698:
697:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:
654:
649:
647:
643:
642:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
609:
608:
603:
598:
589:
587:
586:Turkish fleet
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:
549:
546:, within its
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
529:
524:
520:
519:Isle of Grain
516:
512:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
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486:
481:
479:
478:
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470:
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357:
352:
348:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
316:naval aviator
313:
309:
308:San Diego Bay
305:
301:
297:
296:
290:
286:
285:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:Glenn Curtiss
263:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
243:, Lieutenant
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
226:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:H. H. Asquith
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
171:
166:
160:Establishment
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
46:
40:
33:
19:
3153:Public Force
3113:Border guard
3020:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2979:
2966:
2956:
2950:World War II
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2869:. Retrieved
2860:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2806:
2796:
2786:13 September
2784:. Retrieved
2780:the original
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2753:
2744:
2721:
2691:
2674:
2666:
2654:
2649:
2629:
2624:
2611:
2595:
2586:
2574:. Retrieved
2570:the original
2563:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2540:the original
2535:
2504:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2460:
2451:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2417:
2392:
2386:
2368:
2338:
2332:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2278:
2267:. Retrieved
2258:
2249:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2219:
2213:
2193:
2186:
2175:. Retrieved
2166:
2008:Turkish Navy
1988:Russian Navy
1922:Mexican Navy
1898:Air Wing Six
1882:Italian Navy
1812:Spanish Navy
1782:Chilean Navy
1678:
1669:displacement
1639:
1624:
1593:
1577:
1557:
1534:
1526:
1517:
1497:
1481:
1465:
1458:
1452:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1404:
1385:
1368:
1360:registration
1350:
1342:
1335:
1277:Bismarck Sea
1255:
1244:
1240:
1217:
1211:
1206:of 1942, 16
1201:
1179:
1175:
1171:PBY Catalina
1159:dive bombers
1135:Pearl Harbor
1125:
1118:
1109:World War II
1107:
1098:World War II
1090:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1038:
1026:Ostfriesland
1025:
1009:
1003:
976:
970:
962:
958:
953:
942:
939:
936:
903:
884:Tondern raid
881:
872:
859:
856:
851:
847:
835:
834:aircraft on
825:
815:
813:
795:
791:
784:
756:Karl Scharon
736:
730:
721:Tøndern base
707:
701:
695:
691:
687:Etrich Taube
663:Kiaochow Bay
657:
650:
641:Ben-my-Chree
640:
612:
606:
552:
547:
541:
527:
509:
504:
497:Weymouth Bay
484:
482:
476:
468:
465:River Medway
427:
423:
416:
388:
384:
381:flying boats
355:
347:Marine Corps
344:
331:Severn River
320:
295:Pennsylvania
294:
283:
264:
257:
245:A M Longmore
230:
223:
211:made to the
195:
176:
168:
131:
83:
66:
65:
58:
3163:Space force
3123:Gendarmerie
3118:Coast guard
3108:Air defence
2835:arstechnica
2362:(in German)
2115:Soviet Navy
2075:Greece Navy
1966:Boeing P-8A
1952:Polish Navy
1852:Indian Navy
1832:German Navy
1822:French Navy
1774: [
1654:Soviet Navy
1640:During the
1607:German Navy
1418:Illustrious
1330:Sea Harrier
1265:Pacific War
1202:During the
1072:or later a
948:laying down
865:ocean liner
832:Sopwith Pup
820:flight deck
809:Dardanelles
779:Sopwith Pup
760:Hans Goerth
665:during the
592:World War I
473:sister ship
410:Lieutenant
385:Mississippi
377:floatplanes
356:Mississippi
249:E L Gerrard
117:transport,
2760:22 January
2661:June 2008.
2564:Birmingham
2546:10 January
2536:Royal Navy
2269:2012-12-17
2177:2013-12-17
2159:References
2105:Royal Navy
2028:Royal Navy
1630:helicopter
1537:naval mine
1459:Invincible
1443:helicopter
1438:Long Beach
1431:Enterprise
1336:Invincible
1299:battleship
1275:, Midway,
1102:See also:
928:amphibious
840:Scapa Flow
752:Karl Meyer
523:Kingsnorth
437:gun turret
389:Birmingham
351:battleship
284:Birmingham
275:Eugene Ely
241:C R Samson
237:Eastchurch
220:Royal Navy
145:destroyers
59:Kitty Hawk
3098:Air force
2871:5 January
2659:pp. 64 f.
2617:p. 17 ff.
2592:pp. 9 ff.
2337:Roskill.
2322:Roskill.
2307:Roskill.
2292:Roskill.
2248:Roskill.
2218:Roskill.
1540:clearance
1451:HMS
1436:USS
1429:USS
1420:in 1952.
1403:HMS
1384:HMS
1349:HMS
1334:HMS
1291:kamikazes
1273:Coral Sea
1243:HMS
1228:CAM ships
1086:submarine
1061:in 1922.
1056:USS
1024:SMS
1002:USS
952:HMS
908:zeppelins
858:HMS
801:laid down
796:Ark Royal
794:HMS
783:HMS
729:HMS
694:HMS
675:minelayer
639:HMS
600:Japanese
447:-engined
433:Sheerness
426:HMS
354:USS
293:USS
282:USS
183:Admiralty
3183:Category
3038:Archived
2897:Archived
2865:Archived
2840:24 March
2814:24 March
2679:Archived
2436:Wakamiya
2391:Layman.
2376:Archived
2358:Die Welt
2233:Gollin.
2122:See also
1642:Cold War
1245:Vanguard
1167:fighters
1126:Bismarck
926:was an
805:Launched
696:Engadine
679:Tsingtao
658:Wakamiya
655:carrier
615:airships
607:Wakamiya
574:Japanese
562:zeppelin
505:Hibernia
485:Hibernia
477:Hibernia
451:"S.38",
420:in 1912.
417:Hibernia
393:Veracruz
304:seaplane
289:Virginia
196:In 1908
191:wireless
181:for the
149:frigates
129:duties.
115:matériel
79:warships
3143:Militia
3128:Marines
3009:(2012)
2999:(2011)
2989:(2005)
2969:(2005)
2959:(2012)
2596:Warship
2576:10 June
1697:Current
1584:marines
1453:Bulwark
1405:Perseus
1395:boilers
1386:Triumph
1139:Okinawa
1131:Taranto
1091:Surcouf
1076:, were
1058:Langley
1052:Jupiter
1048:collier
1004:Indiana
931:biplane
904:Furious
896:Denmark
852:Furious
848:to land
836:Furious
816:Furious
785:Furious
731:Furious
708:Empress
702:Riviera
677:in the
544:Germany
501:England
463:in the
397:Tampico
279:cruiser
155:History
2945:(2010)
2938:(2010)
2931:(2004)
2917:(1969)
2910:(2008)
2894:online
2732:
2726:London
2640:
2634:p. 53.
2602:
2511:
2201:
2055:Former
1650:Soviet
1544:MH-53E
1507:MH-53E
1461:-class
1412:, the
1380:engine
1376:bolter
1224:U-boat
1212:Hornet
1180:Yamato
1165:, and
1145:) and
1121:Midway
967:island
963:Hermes
954:Hermes
892:Tønder
844:Orkney
685:in an
570:Putzig
558:Russia
556:, and
528:Hermes
510:London
469:Africa
461:anchor
453:pusher
428:Africa
225:Mayfly
170:Mayfly
75:navies
1778:]
1548:AW101
1494:Roles
1472:STOVL
1351:Ocean
1149:(the
971:HĹŤshĹŤ
959:HĹŤshĹŤ
943:HĹŤshĹŤ
873:Argus
860:Argus
637:from
625:Sir)
489:knots
445:Gnome
298:, in
3148:Navy
3103:Army
2873:2012
2842:2015
2816:2015
2788:2014
2762:2013
2730:ISBN
2638:ISBN
2600:ISBN
2578:2022
2548:2009
2509:ISBN
2444:here
2199:ISBN
2103:(UK
1964:the
1962:RAAF
1684:and
1661:SSGN
1659:and
1646:NATO
1546:and
1468:VTOL
1279:and
1230:and
1208:Army
1050:USS
961:and
950:for
922:The
882:The
705:and
582:RNAS
395:and
391:off
379:and
253:RMLI
147:and
57:USS
1657:SSN
1614:ASW
1505:An
1153:).
1039:all
838:in
781:on
495:in
441:bow
73:by
48:An
3185::
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2805:.
2752:.
2724:.
2700:^
2673:.
2657:,
2632:,
2534:.
2523:^
2401:^
2347:^
1954:)
1776:es
1688:.
1605:A
1570:.
1550:.
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1141:,
1133:,
1123:,
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894:,
854:.
842:,
734:.
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503:.
499:,
480:.
403:.
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251:,
185:.
151:.
143:,
121:,
113:,
109:,
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101:,
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3060:v
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2875:.
2844:.
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2764:.
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2644:.
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2606:.
2580:.
2550:.
2517:.
2446:)
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2207:.
2180:.
2117:)
2113:(
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2093:(
2087:)
2083:(
2077:)
2073:(
2067:)
2063:(
2050:)
2046:(
2040:)
2036:(
2030:)
2020:)
2016:(
2010:)
2006:(
2000:)
1996:(
1990:)
1986:(
1980:)
1976:(
1950:(
1944:)
1940:(
1934:)
1930:(
1924:)
1920:(
1914:)
1910:(
1904:)
1900:(
1894:)
1890:(
1884:)
1880:(
1874:)
1870:(
1864:)
1860:(
1854:)
1850:(
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1840:(
1834:)
1830:(
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1820:(
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1810:(
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1800:(
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1790:(
1784:)
1780:(
1767:)
1763:(
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1753:(
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1743:(
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1725:(
1719:)
1715:(
1709:)
1705:(
1470:/
1374:"
1358:(
1339:.
1283:.
1198:.
711:(
62:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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