Navajo - Knowledge

768: 1209: 864: 1243:(Navajo beliefs about creation), the First, or Dark World is where the four Diyin Diné lived and where First Woman and First Man came into existence. Because the world was so dark, life could not thrive there and they had to move on. The Second, or Blue World, was inhabited by a few of the mammals' Earth People know today as well as the Swallow Chief, or Táshchózhii. The First World beings had offended him and were asked to leave. From there, they headed south and arrived in the Third World or Yellow World. The four sacred mountains were found here, but due to a great flood, First Woman, First Man, and the Holy People were forced to find another world to live in. This time, when they arrived, they stayed in the Fourth World. In the Glittering World, true death came into existence, as well as the creation of the seasons, the moon, stars, and the sun. 1509: 1319:). The Blessing Way ceremonies are based on establishing "peace, harmony, and good things exclusively" within the Dine. The Enemy Way, or Evil Way ceremonies are concerned with counteracting influences that come from outside the Dine. Spiritual healing ceremonies are rooted in Navajo traditional stories. One of them, the Night Chant ceremony, is conducted over several days and involves up to 24 dancers. The ceremony requires the dancers to wear buckskin masks, as do many of the other Navajo ceremonies, and they all represent specific gods. The purpose of the Night Chant is to purify the patients and heal them through prayers to the spirit beings. Each day of the ceremony entails the performance of certain rites and the creation of detailed sand paintings. One of the songs describes the home of the thunderbirds: 679:. Eventually, the arrangement led to a gradual end in Navajo raids, as the tribe was able to increase their livestock and crops. Also, the tribe gained an increase in the size of the Navajo reservation from 3.5 million acres (14,000 km; 5,500 sq mi) to 16 million acres (65,000 km; 25,000 sq mi) as it stands today. But economic conflicts with non-Navajos continued for many years as civilians and companies exploited resources assigned to the Navajo. The US government made leases for livestock grazing, took land for railroad development, and permitted mining on Navajo land without consulting the tribe. 318: 695:

several hundred Navajos at Houcks Tank. Rancher Bennett, whose horse was allegedly stolen, told Kerr that his horses were stolen by the three whites to catch a horse thief. In the same year, Lt. Scott went to the San Juan River with two scouts and 21 enlisted men. The Navajos believed Scott was there to drive off the whites who had settled on the reservation and had fenced off the river from the Navajo. Scott found evidence of many non-Navajo ranches. Only three were active, and the owners wanted payment for their improvements before leaving. Scott ejected them.

1217: 1194:) describes the first hogan as being built by Coyote with help from Beavers to be a house for First Man, First Woman, and Talking God. The Beaver People gave Coyote logs and instructions on how to build the first hogan. Navajos traditionally made their hogans until the 1900s, when they started to make them in hexagonal and octagonal shapes. Hogans continue to be used as dwellings, especially by older Navajos, although they tend to be made with modern construction materials and techniques. Some are maintained specifically for ceremonial purposes. 558:. He signed a treaty with two Navajo leaders: Mariano Martinez as Head Chief and Chapitone as Second Chief. The treaty acknowledged the transfer of jurisdiction from the United Mexican States to the United States. The treaty allowed forts and trading posts to be built on Navajo land. In exchange, the United States, promised "such donations such other liberal and humane measures, as may deem meet and proper." While en route to sign this treaty, the prominent Navajo peace leader Narbona, was killed, causing hostility between the treaty parties. 1498: 619:, New Mexico, for internment at Bosque Redondo. The internment was disastrous for the Navajo, as the government failed to provide enough water, wood, provisions, and livestock for the 4,000 to 5,000 people. Large-scale crop failure and disease were also endemic during this time, as were raids by other tribes and white civilians. Some Navajos froze in the winter because they could make only poor shelters from the few materials they were given. This period is known among the Navajos as "The Fearing Time". In addition, a small group of 764:, under which two new schools were built on the Navajo reservation. But Rough Rock Day School was run in the same militaristic style as Fort Defiance and did not implement educational reforms. Navajo accounts of the Evangelical Missionary School portray it as having a family-like atmosphere with home-cooked meals, new or gently used clothing, humane treatment, and a Navajo-based curriculum. Educators found the Evangelical Missionary School curriculum to be much more beneficial for Navajo children. 1160: 2201: 804:. It is a repository for sound recordings, manuscripts, paintings, and sandpainting tapestries of the Navajos. It also featured exhibits to express the beauty, dignity, and logic of the Navajo religion. When Klah met Cabot in 1921, he witnessed decades of efforts by the US government and missionaries to assimilate the Navajos into mainstream society. The museum was founded to preserve the religion and traditions of the Navajo, which Klah was sure would otherwise soon be lost forever. 1490: 942: 649: 4946: 1239:. The Diné believed in two classes of people: Earth People and Holy People. The Navajo people believe they passed through three worlds before arriving in this world, the Fourth World or the Glittering World. As Earth People, the Diné must do everything within their power to maintain the balance between Mother Earth and man. The Diné also had the expectation of keeping a positive relationship between them and the Diyin Diné. In the 1171:, the traditional Navajo home, is built as a shelter for either a man or a woman. Male hogans are square or conical with a distinct rectangular entrance, while a female hogan is an eight-sided house. Hogans are made of logs and covered in mud, with the door always facing east to welcome the sun each morning. Navajos also have several types of hogans for lodging and ceremonial use. Ceremonies, such as healing ceremonies or the 830:. Under various forms, it continued into the 1950s. Worried about large herds in the arid climate, at a time when the Dust Bowl was endangering the Great Plains, the government decided that the land of the Navajo Nation could support only a fixed number of sheep, goats, cattle, and horses. The Federal government believed that land erosion was worsening in the area and the only solution was to reduce the number of livestock. 1304:— Big Mountain Sheep) in Colorado. Times of day, as well as colors, are used to represent the four sacred mountains. Throughout religions, the importance of a specific number is emphasized and in the Navajo religion, the number four appears to be sacred to their practices. For example, there were four original clans of Diné, four colors and times of day, four Diyin Diné, and for the most part, four songs sung for a ritual. 912:. Once the code talkers completed training in the States, they were sent to the Pacific for assignment to the Marine combat divisions. With that said, there was never a crack in the Navajo language, it was never deciphered. It is known that many more Navajos volunteered to become code talkers than could be accepted; however, an undetermined number of other Navajos served as Marines in the war, but not as code talkers. 1402: 4406: 978: 1680: 1041:: people can only marry (or date) partners outside their own clans, which for this purpose include the clans of their four grandparents. Some Navajos favor their children to marry into their father's clan. While clans are associated with a geographical area, the area is not for the exclusive use of any one clan. Members of a clan may live hundreds of miles apart but still have a clan bond. 63: 326: 1535:. These Chief's Blankets, so called because only chiefs or very wealthy individuals could afford them, were characterized by horizontal stripes and minimal patterning in red. First Phase Chief's Blankets have only horizontal stripes, Second Phase feature red rectangular designs, and Third Phase features red diamonds and partial diamond patterns. 3568:", 8 March 2016. Accessed 9 April 2016: "What happens when Rowling pulls this in, is we as Native people are now opened up to a barrage of questions about these beliefs and traditions ... but these are not things that need or should be discussed by outsiders. At all. I'm sorry if that seems "unfair," but that's how our cultures survive." 2393: 1394: 1598:- for a total of at least 30,663). But the Navajos were a nomadic tribe, roaming over a very large area, so that an absolutely accurate enumeration even in year 1910 would have been an extremely difficult if not impossible task. The U.S. census of 2020 counted 392,962 Navajos in all states and territories. 1052:

residence and live with his bride in her dwelling and near her mother's family. Daughters (or, if necessary, other female relatives) were traditionally the ones who received the generational property inheritance. In cases of marital separation, women would maintain the property and children. Children

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In the 1940s, large quantities of uranium were discovered in Navajo land. From then into the early 21st century, the U.S. allowed mining without sufficient environmental protection for workers, waterways, and land. The Navajos have claimed high rates of death and illness from lung disease and cancer

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denounced Collier as a 'dictator' and accused him of a "near reign of terror" on the Navajo reservation. Dippie adds that "He became an object of 'burning hatred' among the very people whose problems so preoccupied him." The long-term result was strong Navajo opposition to Collier's Indian New Deal.

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The result of these boarding schools led to much language loss within the Navajo Nation. After the Second World War, the Meriam Report funded more children to attend these schools with six times as many children attending boarding school than before the War. English as the primary language spoken at

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Southern Athabaskan peoples, including the Navajo, are thought to have descended from a southward migration of Athabaskan peoples from Subarctic North America around 1,000 years ago. It has been suggested that the Navajo and Apaches may have migrated due to the effects of a volcanic explosion in the

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was appointed commissioner of the BIA. In many ways, he worked to reform government relations with the Native American tribes, but the reduction program was devastating for the Navajo, for whom their livestock was so important. The government set land capacity in terms of "sheep units". In 1930 the

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In 1997, Welsh author Eirug Wyn published the Welsh-language novel "I Ble'r Aeth Haul y Bore?" ("Where did the Morning Sun go?" in English) which tells the story of Carson's misdoings against the Navajo people from the point of view of a fictional young Navajo woman called "Haul y Bore" ("Morning

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In 1887, citizens Palmer, Lockhart, and King fabricated a charge of horse stealing and randomly attacked a dwelling on the reservation. Two Navajo men and all three whites died as a result, but a woman and a child survived. Capt. Kerr (with two Navajo scouts) examined the ground and then met with

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During the next 10 years, the U.S. established forts on traditional Navajo territory. Military records cite this development as a precautionary measure to protect citizens and the Navajos from each other. However, the Spanish/Mexican-Navajo pattern of raids and expeditions continued. Over 400 New

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from the 16th through the 20th centuries. Their extended kinship groups had seasonal dwelling areas to accommodate livestock, agriculture, and gathering practices. As part of their traditional economy, Navajo groups may have formed trading or raiding parties, traveling relatively long distances.

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history. Using their own language they utilized a military code; for example, the Navajo word "turtle" represented a tank. In 1942, Marine staff officers composed several combat simulations and the Navajo translated it and transmitted it in their dialect to another Navajo on the other line. This

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Many Navajo young people moved to cities to work in urban factories during World War II. Many Navajo men volunteered for military service in keeping with their warrior culture, and they served in integrated units. The War Department in 1940 rejected a proposal by the BIA that segregated units be

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led 500 men to the Tunicha Mountains against the Navajo. Twenty Navajo chiefs asked for peace. In 1804 and 1805, the Navajo and Spaniards mounted major expeditions against each others' settlements. In May 1805, another peace was established. Similar patterns of peace-making, raiding, and trading

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Navajos came to the southwest with their own weaving traditions; however, they learned to weave cotton on vertical looms from the Pueblo peoples. The first Spaniards to visit the region wrote about seeing Navajo blankets. By the 18th century, the Navajos had begun to import Bayeta red yarn to

2053:, veteran, attorney, engineer, and a community leader. One of few Native Americans to be accepted into the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis. Upon graduation, he was commissioned as a 2nd Lt. in the U.S. Marine Corps. He made an unsuccessful attempt to run for Navajo Nation President. 1369:. Some Navajo Indian legends are staples in literature, including The First Man and First Woman as well as The Sun, Moon, and Stars. The First Man and Woman is the story about the creation of the world, and The Sun, Moon, and Stars is the story about the origin of heavenly bodies. 698:

In 1890, a local rancher refused to pay the Navajos a fine for livestock. The Navajos tried to collect it, and whites in southern Colorado and Utah claimed that 9,000 of the Navajos were on a warpath. A small military detachment out of Fort Wingate restored white citizens to order.

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regions of New Mexico. The Spanish, Navajo and Hopi continued to trade with each other and formed a loose alliance to fight Apache and Comanche bands for the next 20 years. During this time there were relatively minor raids by Navajo bands and Spanish citizens against each other.

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The Navajos' hallmark jewelry piece called the "squash blossom" necklace first appeared in the 1880s. The term "squash blossom" was apparently attached to the name of the Navajo necklace at an early date, although its bud-shaped beads are thought to derive from Spanish-Mexican

1177:, take place inside a hogan. According to Kehoe, this style of housing is distinctive to the Navajos. She writes, "Even today, a solidly constructed, log-walled Hogan is preferred by many Navajo families." Most Navajo members today live in apartments and houses in urban areas. 841:

Collier's solution was to first launch a voluntary reduction program, which was made mandatory two years later in 1935. The government paid for part of the value of each animal, but it did nothing to compensate for the loss of future yearly income for so many Navajo. In the

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The ceremonial leader proceeds by asking the Holy People to be present at the beginning of the ceremony, then identifying the patient with the power of the spirit-being, and describing the patient's transformation to renewed health with lines such as, "Happily I recover."

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Oral history indicates a long relationship with Pueblo people and a willingness to incorporate Puebloan ideas and linguistic variance. There were long-established trading practices between the groups. Mid-16th century Spanish records recount that the Pueblo exchanged

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Once the children arrived at the boarding school, their lives changed dramatically. European Americans taught the classes under an English-only curriculum and punished any student caught speaking Navajo. The children were under militaristic discipline, run by the

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In 1863, Carleton ordered Carson to use the same tactics on the Navajo. Carson and his force swept through Navajo land, killing Navajos and destroying crops and dwellings, fouling wells, and capturing livestock. Facing starvation and death, Navajo groups came to

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spends thirty days living with a Navajo family on their reservation in New Mexico. The July 2008 show called "Life on an Indian Reservation", depicts the dire conditions that many Native Americans experience living on reservations in the United States.

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Parker, accompanied by 10 enlisted men and two scouts, went up the San Juan River to separate the Navajos and citizens who had encroached on Navajo land. In the same year, Lt. Lockett, with the aid of 42 enlisted soldiers, was joined by Lt. Holomon at

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Mexican militia conducted a campaign against the Navajo, against the wishes of the Territorial Governor, in 1860–61. They killed Navajo warriors, captured women and children for slaves, and destroyed crops and dwellings. The Navajos call this period

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The completion of the railroads dramatically changed Navajo weaving. Cheap blankets were imported, so Navajo weavers shifted their focus to weaving rugs for an increasingly non-Native audience. Rail service also brought in Germantown wool from

1570:); "Wide Ruins", "Chinlee", banded geometric patterns; "Klagetoh", diamond-type patterns; "Red Mesa" and bold diamond patterns. Many of these patterns exhibit a fourfold symmetry, which is thought to embody traditional ideas about harmony or 2119:, former president of the Navajo Nation. He served three terms as Navajo Council delegate representing the chapters of Shonto, Oljato, Tsah Bi Kin and Navajo Mountain. Served two terms as Navajo County Board of Supervisors for District 1. 757:. This report discussed Indian boarding schools as being inadequate in terms of diet, medical services, dormitory overcrowding, undereducated teachers, restrictive discipline, and manual labor by the students to keep the school running. 1135:

Men and women are seen as contemporary equals as both males and females are needed to reproduce. Although women may carry a bigger burden, fertility is so highly valued that males are expected to provide economic resources (known as

1140:). Corn is a symbol of fertility in Navajo culture as they eat white corn in the wedding ceremonies. It is considered to be immoral and/or stealing if one does not provide for the other in that premarital or marital relationship. 1646:

wrote a series of detective novels whose detective characters were members of the Navajo Tribal Police. The novels are noted for incorporating details about Navajo culture, and in some cases expanding the focus to include nearby

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The Navajo are also known for their concha belts. The concha belt was derived from the Southern Plains Indians. Atsidi Chon was the first to create the Concha Belt and he taught his craft to other Navajos and to the Zuni people.

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are "born to" and belong to the mother's clan, and are "born for" the father's clan. The mother's eldest brother has a strong role in her children's lives. As adults, men represent their mother's clan in tribal politics.

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Navajo then translated it back into English faster than any other cryptographic facility, which demonstrated their efficacy. As a result, General Vogel recommended their recruitment into the USMC code talker program.

1428:("Thin Mexican") around 1878 and began teaching other Navajos how to work with silver. Navajos initially obtained silver from coins and ingots and hammered them into shape. By 1880, Navajo silversmiths were creating 585:

Apache men and destroy any Mescalero property he could find. Carleton believed these harsh tactics would bring any Indian Tribe under control. The Mescalero surrendered and were sent to the new reservation called

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meat, hides, and stone from Athabaskans traveling to the pueblos or living nearby. In the 18th century, the Spanish reported that the Navajo maintained large herds of livestock and cultivated large crop areas.

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with 30 or 40 sympathizers. They refused to surrender to the agent, and local law enforcement and military refused the agent's request for an armed engagement. General Scott arrived, and with the help of

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The Navajos did not understand why their centuries-old practices of raising livestock should change. They were united in opposition but they were unable to stop it. Historian Brian Dippie notes that the

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During the time on the reservation, the Navajo tribe was forced to assimilate into white society. Navajo children were sent to boarding schools within the reservation and off the reservation. The first

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Navajos have many different ceremonies. For the most part, their ceremonies are to prevent or cure diseases. Corn pollen is used as a blessing and as an offering during prayer. One half of the major

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in year 1626 they were so numerous that "in two days over 30,000 Navajos assembled". Apparently they were not less numerous in the early 20th century - Indian Affairs 1910 counted 29,624 Navajos in

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In 1913, an Indian agent ordered a Navajo and his three wives to come in and then arrested them for having a plural marriage. A small group of Navajos used force to free the women and retreated to

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created for the Indians. The Navajos gained firsthand experience with how they could assimilate into the modern world, and many did not return to the overcrowded reservation, which had few jobs.

547:). This agreement was not honored by some Navajo, nor by some New Mexicans. The Navajos raided New Mexican livestock, and New Mexicans took women, children, and livestock from the Navajo. 746:

if they tried to run away. Other conditions included inadequate food, overcrowding, required manual labor in kitchens, fields, and boiler rooms; and military-style uniforms and haircuts.

531:. On November 21, 1846, following an invitation from a small party of American soldiers under the command of Captain John Reid, who journeyed deep into Navajo country and contacted him, 4242:"The Navajoes.—The Party Returning from Washington and Who They Are.—About Gov. Arny and His Views of the Indian Question.—What Kind of People the Navajoes area and What Their Country" 808:

these schools as well as the local towns surrounding the Navajo reservations contributed to residents becoming bilingual; however Navajo was still the primary language spoken at home.

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The states with the largest Navajo populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,306). More than three quarters of the enrolled Navajo population resides in these two states.

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These achievements of the Navajo Code Talkers have resulted in an honorable chapter in USMC history. Their patriotism and honor inevitably earned them the respect of all Americans.

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Removing Classrooms from the Battlefield: Liberty, Paternalism, and the Redemptive Promise of Educational Choice, 2008 BYU Law Review 377 The Navajo and Richard Henry Pratt

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in 1870 and led the way for eight others to be established. Many older Navajos were against this education and would hide their children to keep them from being taken.

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The United States military continued to maintain forts on the Navajo reservation in the years after the Long Walk. From 1873 to 1895, the military employed Navajos as

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Saint Elias Mountain range of Alaska around 803 AD. Part of the migration was along the Rocky Mountains before arriving in the present-day southwest United States.

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Treglia, Gabriella. "Cultural Pluralism or Cultural Imposition? Examining the Bureau of Indian Affairs' Education Reforms during the Indian New Deal (1933–1945)."

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as a main source of trade and food. Meat became essential in the Navajo diet. Sheep became a form of currency and familial status. Women began to spin and weave

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Kerr, "February 18, 1887 letter to Acting Assistant General," District of New Mexico, National Archive Materials, Navajo Tribal Museum, Window Rock, Arizona.

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Ford, "September 30, 1887 Letter to Acting Assistant General," District of New Mexico, National Archive Materials, Navajo Tribal Museum, Window Rock, Arizona

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has been part of jewelry for centuries, but Navajo artists did not use inlay techniques to insert turquoise into silver designs until the late 19th century.

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who do harm to the minds, bodies, and families of innocent people, though these matters are rarely discussed in detail with those outside of the community.

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system, in which the family of the women owned livestock, dwellings, planting areas, and livestock grazing areas. Once married, a Navajo man would follow a

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However, not all the Navajos came in or were found. Some lived near the San Juan River, some beyond the Hopi villages, and others lived with Apache bands.

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Scott," June 22, 1887 letter to Acting Assistant General," District of New Mexico, National Archive Materials, Navajo Tribal Museum, Window Rock, Arizona

2077:, former president of the Navajo Nation. He served in the Arizona Senate from 2004 to 2011 and in the Arizona House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017. 598:

for relief. On July 20, 1863, the first of many groups departed to join the Mescalero at Bosque Redondo. Other groups continued to come in through 1864.

1208: 1857:(also known as Kin-Ya-Onny-Beyeh; 1907–1998), painter, printmaker, illustrator, and Navajo code talker with the U.S. Marine Corp during World War II. 4912: 3839: 879:

played a famous role during World War II by relaying radio messages using their own language. The Japanese were unable to understand or decode it.

5109: 3238: 691:. Evidently, citizens of the surnames Houck and/or Owens had murdered a Navajo chief's son, and 100 armed Navajo warriors were looking for them. 494:, about 60 miles (97 km) west of the Rio Chama Valley region. In the 1770s, the Spanish sent military expeditions against the Navajo in the 348:

comes from Spanish missionaries and historians who referred to the Pueblo Indians through this term, although they referred to themselves as the

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and matrilocal world of the Navajo, women were especially hurt, as many lost their only source of income with the reduction of livestock herds.

5185: 3405: 1424:(c. 1830–c. 1918) is considered to be the first Southwest Indians to learn silversmithing. He learned silversmithing from a Mexican man called 352:

meaning '(the) people'. The language comprises two geographic, mutually intelligible dialects. It is closely related to the languages of the

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Beginning in the spring of 1864, the Army forced around 9,000 Navajo men, women, and children to walk over 300 miles (480 km) to

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The Holy People, or Diyin Diné, had instructed the Earth People to view the four sacred mountains as the boundaries of the homeland (

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Navajo spiritual practice is about restoring balance and harmony to a person's life to produce health and is based on the ideas of

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resulting from environmental contamination. Since the 1970s, legislation has helped to regulate the industry and reduce the toll.

5205: 4395: 3727: 3075: 1774:, geneticist and bioethicist known for promoting Indigenous data sovereignty and studying genetics within Indigenous communities 5156: 3443: 4920: 4716: 4169: 4059: 4040: 4019: 3931: 3895: 3772: 3504: 672:. It operated from 1872 to 1875 as an anti-raid task force working to maintain the peaceful terms of the 1868 Navajo treaty. 245: 2549: 2584: 1363:

The Navajo Tribe relies on oral tradition to maintain beliefs and stories. Examples include the traditional creation story

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Navaho Expedition: Journal of a Military Reconnaissance from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Navajo Country, Made in 1849

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By treaty, the Navajos were allowed to leave the reservation for trade, with permission from the military or local

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into distinct styles. These included "Two Gray Hills" (predominantly black and white, with traditional patterns);

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Navajos grazed 1,100,000 mature sheep units. These sheep provided half the cash income for the individual Navajo.

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is the largest federally recognized tribe in the United States; additionally, the Navajo Nation has the largest

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was negotiated between Navajo leaders and the federal government allowing the surviving Navajos to return to a

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The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos

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by the pound and selling them back east by the bale. The traders encouraged the locals to weave blankets and

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or Changing Woman. Today there are more than 100 clans, some of which include other Native nations, such as

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among the Navajo, Spaniards, Apache, Comanche, and Hopi continued until the arrival of Americans in 1846.

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characters and cultures, as well. Some of the novels have been adapted for film/TV, including the series

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and clothing; they created items of highly valued artistic expression, which were also traded and sold.

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Ceremonies are used to correct curses that cause some illnesses or misfortunes. People may complain of

823: 817: 554:—accompanied by John S. Calhoun, an Indian agent—led 400 soldiers into the Navajo country, penetrating 540: 298: 249: 4308: 1824: 4858: 4841: 4835: 4829: 4446: 4246: 2001: 1790: 1527:. Using an upright loom, the Navajos made extremely fine utilitarian blankets that were collected by 1502: 1358: 1269: 924: 851: 495: 3950:. Jennifer Denetdale (additional text), Ada E. Deer (foreword). New York: Chelsea House Publishers. 3413: 4598: 1608: 1212:

Navajo Yebichai (Yei Bi Chei) dancers. Edward S. Curtis. USA, 1900. The Wellcome Collection, London

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A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling

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A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling

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A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling

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A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling

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of Northern Colorado University with images of U.S. documents of treaties and reports 1846–1931

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Weisiger, Marsha (2007). "Gendered Injustice: Navajo Livestock Reduction in the New Deal Era".

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George Bornstein, "The Fearing Time: Telling the tales of Indian slavery in American history",

2059:, last head chief of the Navajo and first chairman of the Navajo Tribe, (1922–1928, 1942–1946). 1905: 1749: 1674: 1613: 786: 731: 623:, longtime enemies of the Navajos had been relocated to the area, which resulted in conflicts. 595: 166: 3212: 3210: 3142: 3032: 2999: 2966: 2933: 5072: 4755: 4424: 4365: 4250: 4117:. recorded by Walter Dyk. Lincoln, Nebraska: Bison Books & University of Nebraska Press. 3565: 1917: 1464:

in Navajo) symbol to shape the silver pendant that hangs from the "squash blossom" necklace.

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Doering, Briana N.; Esdale, Julie A.; Reuther, Joshua D.; Catenacci, Senna D. (July 2020).

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Traditionally, there are four clans said to be the original ones, given to the Navajo from

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was imposed upon the Navajo Nation by the federal government starting in 1933, during the

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Guide to Records in the Military Archives Division Pertaining to Indian-White Relations,

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Lewandowska, Magdalena (2020). "Athapaskan Migration to the North American Southwest".

2517: 2509: 1899: 1854: 1836: 1180:

Those who practice the Navajo religion regard the hogan as sacred. The religious song "

1149: 867:

General Douglas MacArthur meeting Navajo, Pima, Pawnee and other Native American troops

703: 551: 520: 325: 260: 145: 3724: 1546:

Some early European-American settlers moved in and set up trading posts, often buying

1216: 507: 267:

region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in

4569: 4327: 4209: 4186: 4165: 4135: 4118: 4055: 4036: 4015: 3998: 3982: 3970: 3951: 3927: 3705: 3343: 3218: 3197: 3148: 3121: 3060: 3036: 3025: 3003: 2992: 2970: 2959: 2937: 2926: 2834: 2806: 2774: 2753: 2698: 2641:

Seymour, Deni (2012). "Gateways for Athabascan Migration to the American Southwest".

2604: 2521: 2501: 2423: 2104: 2080: 1703: 1497: 1406: 1365: 1350: 1293: 1240: 1203: 524: 5127: 4580: 3435: 3177: 3067: 2745: 2596: 2493: 2255: 2219: 2134: 2056: 1830: 1729: 1429: 1228: 827: 708: 581:

with Army troops and volunteer New Mexico militia. Carleton ordered Carson to kill

499: 364:, where the majority of Athabaskan speakers reside. Additionally, some Navajo know 153: 149: 3889: 1755: 742:. In multiple interviews, subjects recalled being captured and disciplined by the 443:

Western historians believe that the Spanish before 1600 referred to the Navajo as

5175: 5018: 5003: 4492: 4339: 4278: 4030: 3945: 3921: 3754: 3731: 3560: 3335: 2689: 2553: 2546: 2449: 2368: 2319: 2185: 2167: 2031: 2019: 1995: 1970: 1928: 1887: 1848: 1725: 1713: 1683: 1636: 1516: 1181: 380: 284: 217: 137: 4874: 1037:

that defines relationships between individuals and families. The clan system is

5137: 5082: 4507: 4466: 4256: 4227: 4032:

Navaho symbols of healing: a Jungian exploration of ritual, image, and medicine

3103:

2002, University of New Mexico Press, Chapter 5, "our People Cried": 1923–1941.

2234: 2179: 2173: 2050: 1982: 1976: 1958: 1881: 1820: 1777: 1771: 1687: 1643: 1618: 1532: 1484: 909: 587: 436: 400: 1338: 5169: 5013: 5008: 4604: 4487: 4410: 3941: 3467: 2608: 2505: 2224: 2154: 2140: 2013: 1952: 1909: 1745: 1739: 1543:, commercially dyed wool which greatly expanded the weavers' color palettes. 1159: 990: 760:

This report was the precursor to education reforms initiated under President

750: 661: 482:

During the 1670s, the Spanish wrote that the Diné lived in a region known as

472: 294: 280: 256: 94: 2771:

The Army and the Navajo: The Bosque Redondo Reservation Experiment 1863–1868

459:

in the 1620s to refer to the people in the Chama Valley region, east of the

5062: 4546: 4512: 4502: 2441: 2150: 2116: 2096: 2068: 2007: 1946: 1866: 1860: 1842: 1808: 1786: 1719: 1540: 1378: 1222: 1172: 793: 790: 676: 578: 544: 264: 170: 4350: 3144:"For Our Navajo People": Diné Letters, Speeches & Petitions, 1900-1960 2752:, University of Oklahoma Press (1964), trade paperback (2003), 296 pages, 1489: 1393: 37:"Diné" redirects here. For the Dene people native to northern Canada, see 5087: 5055: 5023: 4983: 4616: 4586: 4471: 4319: 2100: 2074: 1922: 1875: 1761: 1652: 1626:

allowed the Navajos to be more involved in the depictions of themselves.

1567: 1563: 1457: 1421: 1417: 1257: 1137: 1065: 1045: 843: 775: 754: 648: 616: 3747: 3305:

Yellow Dirt- An American Story of a Poisoned Land and a People Betrayed,

3189: 2891: 2600: 1523:

supplement local black, gray, and white wool, as well as wool dyed with

941: 908:, San Diego before being assigned to Field Signal Battalion training at 5067: 4973: 4968: 2831:

The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

2128: 2122: 1814: 1707: 1699: 1657: 1594:(in addition to that the census of 1910 returned also 1,039 Navajos in 1591: 1551: 1547: 1524: 1401: 1049: 683: 664:

at Fort Wingate to help their regular units. During this period, Chief

574: 276: 114: 106: 5045: 4575: 3279:

American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Era in Indian Affairs,

2734: 2547:"Discovery of the Athabascan Origin of the Apache and Navajo Language" 2513: 2481: 1250: 487: 232: 5038: 4988: 4373: 4358: 3810: 3181: 2037: 1528: 1467: 1410: 665: 620: 582: 412: 384: 287:

is spoken throughout the region, and most Navajo also speak English.

67: 3071: 124:

700 Residents of Canada identified as having Navajo ancestry in the

4998: 2497: 2453:

University of Arizona, Tucson Economic Development Research Program

1964: 1691: 1629:

In the final episode of the third season of the FX reality TV show

1449: 1433: 985:

The name "Navajo" comes from the late 18th century via the Spanish

360:

are believed to have migrated from northwestern Canada and eastern

102: 3334: 2748:, edited and annotated by Frank McNitt, foreword by Durwood Ball, 5142: 5132: 5122: 5028: 4978: 4954: 4945: 3832:"I Ble'r Aeth Haul y Bore? (9780862434359) | Eirug Wyn | Y Lolfa" 3789:"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Navajo People in the US" 3442:. Recorded by Wheelwright, Mary C. Internet Sacred Text Archive. 3264:

Donald A. Grinde Jr, "Navajo Opposition to the Indian New Deal."

2711: 1967:(mid-19th century — early 20th century), pioneering easel painter 1817:(fl. 1902), first Navajo artist to use European drawing materials 1587: 1441: 1038: 532: 420: 268: 98: 4139: 4122: 4002: 1781: 1716:(Navajo-Isleta-San Felipe Pueblo), American professional golfer 1661:. His daughter has continued the novel series after his death. 1558:(colorful, with very extensive patterns); "Ganado" (founded by 1445: 1437: 1044:

Historically, the structure of the Navajo society is largely a

1010: 977: 749:

Change did not occur in these boarding schools until after the

432: 361: 357: 353: 255:

With more than 399,495 enrolled tribal members as of 2021, the

182: 119: 4405: 4347:

Information on authentic Navajo Art, Rugs, Jewelry, and Crafts

4092:

Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico 1694–1875

3364:

Between the Sacred Mountains: A Cultural History of the Dineh,

3253:

The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy

2919: 2917: 2071:, former chairman of the Navajo Tribe and first Diné attorney. 996:"farm fields adjoining a valley". The Navajos call themselves 279:. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of 5077: 4303: 4297: 4012:

A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples

3211:

Richard White, ch 13: "The Navajos become Dependent" (1988).

2582: 2288: 2093:, Navajo Code Talker and former chairman of the Navajo Tribe. 1513:

Probably Bayeta-style Blanket with Terrace and Stepped Design

1168: 1030: 1014: 428: 404: 392: 3926:(paperback ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1679: 62: 5033: 4993: 4552: 4234:

Wastelanding: Legacies of Uranium Mining in Navajo Country.

4094:. Window Rock, Arizona: Research Section, The Navajo Tribe. 2914: 2294: 2276: 2270: 1648: 1622:

which was somewhat exploitative of those Navajos involved.

1595: 1460:

designs. The Navajo silversmiths also borrowed the "naja" (

897: 416: 408: 396: 272: 190: 110: 38: 4344: 2691:

Through White Men's Eyes: A contribution to Navajo History

2418:(2003) , Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), 981:

Dibé (sheep) remain an important aspect of Navajo culture.

3580:"Creation of First Man and First Woman - A Navajo Legend" 2653: 2585:"A Multiscalar Consideration of the Athabascan Migration" 2264: 1764:, the last original Navajo code talker who served in the 4086:. Ed. Noel Bennett, Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 3969:(2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice-Hall. 3281:(University of Oklahoma Press, 1999) pp 40, 67, 132, 152 2697:. Window Rock, AZ: The Navajo Times Publishing Company. 4332: 4146:

Hammond, George P. and Rey, Agapito (editors) (1940).

4077:

The Long Walk: A History of the Navaho Wars, 1846–1868

3342:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1690:

uniform, is a Navajo (from his mother's side) retired

1280:— Blue Bead or Turquoise Mountain) in New Mexico; the 858: 550:

In 1849, the military governor of New Mexico, Colonel

3534: 3522: 3369: 2303: 2285: 2261: 896:

The Navajo Code Talkers played a significant role in

3642: 3381: 3031:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 2965:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 2829:, 20 October 2017 p. 29 (review of Andrés Reséndez, 2773:. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. 2291: 2267: 2196: 753:

was published in 1929 by the Secretary of Interior,

711:, a leader among the Navajo, defused the situation. 514: 4353:

Navajo expert, Doctor Sarah Davis, about the Navajo

4208:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. 3654: 3120:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. 2998:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 2932:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 2805:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. 2282: 2273: 2258: 2113:, the first woman elected to Navajo Tribal Council. 1344: 4200:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. 3995:Hosteen Klah: Navajo Medicine Man and Sand Painter 3699: 3666: 3630: 2798: 1979:(born 1966), contemporary print maker and educator 1197: 989:"(Apaches of) Navajó", which was derived from the 811: 387:, growing mainly the traditional Native American " 4185:. Thames and London, LTD, London, England, 1997. 4102:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2442:"Arizona's Native American Tribes: Navajo Nation" 2065:, former Navajo Tribal Councilwoman and advocate. 1943:(born 1973), painter, illustrator, screen printer 1616:. It was written in response to an earlier film, 714: 70:(Navajo, 1818–1893), a chief during the Long Walk 5167: 4148:Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540–1542. 4089: 2768: 1890:(born 1945), Táchiiʼnii, contemporary ceramicist 891: 543:at Bear Springs, Ojo del Oso (later the site of 4236:Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. 4206:Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace 4129: 4052:Blood and Thunder: An Epic of the American West 3967:North American Indians: A Comprehensive account 3118:Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace 451:. Fray Geronimo de Zarate-Salmeron, who was in 4309:Navajo people: history, culture, language, art 4178:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 1925:(c. 1828–1918), first known Navajo silversmith 904:Each Navajo went through a basic boot camp at 263:in the country. The reservation straddles the 4928: 4389: 4203: 3795: 3725:"Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site" 3700:Turnbaugh, William; Turnbaugh, Sarah (2007). 3140: 2362:Diné enrolled population increases to 399,494 1405:19th-century Navajo jewelry with the popular 1268:— Dawn or White Shell Mountain) in Colorado; 4164:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. 4150:Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 4134:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 3330: 3328: 3326: 3111: 3109: 2386:"Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census" 2330: 1931:(born 1954), textile artist and math teacher 1298: 1286: 1274: 1262: 1248: 1187: 999: 485: 329:Navajo spinning and weaving on vertical loom 51: 4523:Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park 4112: 3237:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2792: 2790: 2674: 2621: 1163:Hogan at Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park 527:invaded Santa Fe with 1,600 men during the 368:, which is either a dialect or daughter of 27:Native American people of the United States 4935: 4921: 4396: 4382: 4356: 4267:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 3774:Primitive society and its vital statistics 3022: 2989: 2956: 2923: 2458: 1869:(1867–1937), weaver and co-founder of the 1292:— Abalone Shell Mountain) in Arizona; and 372:. Some also know Plains Sign Talk itself. 61: 4183:Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest 4162:Navajo Places: History, Legend, Landscape 4100:Stephen Watts Kearny: Soldier of the West 3882: 3770: 3503:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from 3323: 3106: 2422:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2125:, current president of the Navajo Nation. 1871:Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian 1752:after the fall of the Philippines in 1942 798:Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian 297:, some Navajo people are citizens of the 4109:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. 4009: 3997:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 3702:Indian Jewelry of the American Southwest 3167: 3115: 3061:"Language Documentation and Description" 2796: 2787: 2356: 2354: 2188:, author, educator, and environmentalist 2137:, former president of the Navajo Nation. 2131:, former president of the Navajo Nation. 1780:, first full-blooded Native American in 1678: 1507: 1496: 1488: 1420:is an important art form among Navajos. 1400: 1392: 1215: 1207: 1158: 1154: 976: 862: 766: 647: 324: 316: 4265:Language and Art in the Navajo Universe 4028: 3992: 3940: 3540: 3528: 3375: 3217:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 300ff. 3058: 2687: 2659: 2640: 1758:, former women's UFC flyweight champion 1359:Coyote (notable traditional characters) 1328:In the house made of the evening light 634:on a portion of their former homeland. 14: 5168: 5157:List of Indian reservations in Arizona 4962:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona 4403: 4239: 4198:Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period 4035:. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press. 3147:. U of New Mexico Press. p. 250. 3116:Compiled (1974). Roessel, Ruth (ed.). 2801:Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period 2797:Compiled (1973). Roessel, Ruth (ed.). 2563: 2157:and last chairman of the Navajo Tribe. 1833:, weaver, educator, and museum curator 1204:Diné Bahaneʼ (Navajo creation beliefs) 1072:, referring to the Mescalero Apache. 1021: 81:399,690 enrolled tribal members (2021) 5186:Native American history of New Mexico 4916: 4377: 4049: 3964: 3919: 3684: 3672: 3660: 3648: 3636: 3546: 3495: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3462: 3460: 3406:"Navajo Cultural History and Legends" 3400: 3398: 3396: 3387: 3081:from the original on 12 November 2020 3054: 3052: 2717: 2624:Contributions in New World Archeology 2573:, p. 22 (retrieved: 28 November 2010) 2479: 2414: 2351: 1884:(born 1946), contemporary silversmith 1577: 1432:including bracelets, tobacco flasks, 1315:and the other half is the Enemy Way ( 344:(lit. 'People's language'). The term 5201:Native American tribes in New Mexico 4369:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3433: 3318:NAVAJO CODE TALKERS IN WORLD WAR II, 2396:from the original on 30 January 2022 1961:, 21st-century weaver and printmaker 1949:(1940–2014), silversmith and jeweler 1722:, musician and documentary filmmaker 936: 86:Regions with significant populations 4333:Navajo Institute for Social Justice 4014:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3554:Magic in North America Part 1: Ugh. 2392:. Statistics Canada. 21 June 2018. 2145:Washington House of Representatives 1863:(1932–2005), painter and printmaker 1501:Navajo Germantown Eye Dazzler Rug, 929:Black Mesa Peabody Coal controversy 859:Navajo Code Talkers in World War II 383:. Later, they adopted farming from 379:Initially, the Navajo were largely 24: 5181:Native American history of Arizona 4069: 3923:The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths 3759:Traditional Fine Arts Organization 3687:The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths 3484: 3457: 3393: 3366:Essai, Volume 5: Article 15, 2007. 3049: 1076:Original Navajo Clans (tradition) 637: 25: 5217: 5196:Native American tribes in Arizona 4357:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 4291: 3292:American Indians and World War II 3023:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002). 2990:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002). 2957:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002). 2924:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002). 2671:Hosteen Klah, page 102 and others 1973:(born 1957), contemporary painter 882: 515:Territory of New Mexico 1846–1863 4944: 4404: 2902:from the original on 23 May 2017 2254: 2199: 1789:, mechanical engineer at NASA's 1668: 1345:Oral stories/Works of literature 940: 721:American Indian boarding schools 312: 5191:Native American history of Utah 5097:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona 4196:Roessel, Ruth (editor) (1973). 3993:Newcomb, Franc Johnson (1964). 3898:from the original on 2016-03-03 3853: 3842:from the original on 2019-08-01 3824: 3781: 3764: 3740: 3718: 3693: 3678: 3619:from the original on 2021-09-03 3601: 3590:from the original on 2021-10-28 3572: 3446:from the original on 2016-05-25 3427: 3412:. November 2002. Archived from 3356: 3310: 3297: 3284: 3271: 3258: 3245: 3204: 3161: 3134: 3101:Dine: A History of the Navajos, 3093: 3016: 2983: 2950: 2884: 2875: 2866: 2857: 2844: 2819: 2762: 2739: 2723: 2665: 2634: 2615: 2576: 2528:from the original on 2021-04-21 2085:Kansas House of Representatives 1601: 1198:Spiritual and religious beliefs 1130: 812:Livestock Reduction 1930s–1950s 5206:Native American tribes in Utah 3255:(1991) pp 333–336, quote p 335 3059:Spolsky, Bernard (July 2014). 2539: 2473: 2435: 2420:English Pronouncing Dictionary 2408: 2378: 2247: 2044: 1845:(born 1977), conceptual artist 1742:, American professional golfer 1383: 1326:In the house made of the dawn, 1309:Navajo song ceremonial complex 1143: 715:Boarding schools and education 293:Besides being enrolled in the 13: 1: 4232:Voyles, Traci Brynne (2015). 4160:Linford, Laurence D. (2000). 3905:– via www.bookrags.com. 3689:. Pickle Partners Publishing. 3338:; Leighton, Dorothea (1974). 2833:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2560:(retrieved: 28 November 2010) 2344: 1989: 1388: 1351:Diné Bahaneʼ (Creation Story) 918: 892:U.S. Marine Corps Involvement 535:and other Navajos negotiated 463:and northwest of present-day 333:The Navajo are speakers of a 4808:(AZ, former Chinle Boarding) 3704:. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. 3436:"The Story of the Emergence" 3320:USMC History Division, 2006. 3170:Western Historical Quarterly 2850:Marei Bouknight and others, 2455:(retrieved: 19 January 2011) 2004:, punk/alternative rock band 1894:Christine Nofchissey McHorse 1839:(c. 1934–2022), basket maker 1734:Colorado River Indian Tribes 604: 519:The Navajos encountered the 338:Southern Athabaskan language 302:Colorado River Indian Tribes 7: 4683:Gallup-McKinley County (NM) 4240:Warren (January 27, 1875). 4204:Roessel, Ruth, ed. (1974). 4132:Apache, Navajo and Spaniard 4054:(2nd ed.). Doubleday. 4010:Pritzker, Barry M. (2000). 3307:Free Press, New York, 2010. 2854:GSA National Archives, 1972 2720:, p. 133–140, 152–154. 2469:United States Census Bureau 2192: 1955:(1920–1956), studio painter 1902:(1917–1952), studio painter 1566:styles (almost always with 1440:. Later, they added silver 1256:) they should never leave: 569:In 1861, Brigadier-General 142:Plains Indian Sign Language 10: 5222: 4285:Le système de santé navajo 4283:Zaballos, Nausica (2009). 4263:Witherspoon, Gary (1977). 4157:Pruett Pub. Co., Colorado. 4098:Clarke, Dwight L. (1961). 3965:Kehoe, Alice Beck (1992). 3771:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934). 3498:"Navajo Ceremonial System" 3316:Marine Corps. University, 2569:Samuel J. Supalla (1992). 2161: 1800: 1796: 1766:United States Marine Corps 1672: 1482: 1478: 1376: 1348: 1201: 1147: 972: 922: 906:Marine Corps Recruit Depot 824:Navajo Livestock Reduction 818:Navajo Livestock Reduction 815: 718: 641: 608: 307: 250:Southwestern United States 36: 29: 5151: 5096: 4961: 4894: 4867: 4859:St. Michael Indian School 4851: 4771: 4654:Central Consolidated (NM) 4633: 4626: 4561: 4531: 4480: 4418:Politics and institutions 4417: 4304:Navajo Tourism Department 4247:Daily Journal of Commerce 4090:Brugge, David M. (1968). 3609:"The Sun, Moon and Stars" 2827:Times Literary Supplement 2769:Thompson, Gerald (1976). 2558:San Jose State University 2153:, first president of the 1791:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1503:Science History Institute 925:Indian termination policy 852:Indian Rights Association 228: 213: 205: 181: 176: 164: 159: 136: 131: 90: 85: 80: 75: 60: 4724:Magdalena Municipal (NM) 4599:Treaty of Bosque Redondo 4255:. p. 1 – via 4224:Journal of the Southwest 4153:Kelly, Lawrence (1970). 4130:Forbes, Jack D. (1960). 4105:Downs, James F. (1972). 4082:Bighorse, Tiana (1990). 4029:Sandner, Donald (1991). 3268:(1981) 19#3–6 pp: 79–87. 2688:Correll, J. Lee (1976). 2240: 1624:The Return of Navajo Boy 1609:The Return of Navajo Boy 1606:In 2000 the documentary 1493:Navajo weaver with sheep 1372: 1226:photographed in 1904 by 933:American Indian Movement 785:In 1937, Boston heiress 728:Bureau of Indian Affairs 652:Navajo woman and child, 628:Treaty of Bosque Redondo 4593:Long Walk of the Navajo 4050:Sides, Hampton (2006). 3761:(retrieved 28 Nov 2010) 3737:(retrieved 28 Nov 2010) 3735:White Mountains Online. 2892:"Fort Defiance Chapter" 2230:Long Walk of the Navajo 1896:(1948-2021), ceramicist 1803:Category:Navajo artists 1515:, 1870–1880, 50.67.54, 1397:Squash blossom necklace 1093:The Towering House clan 730:(BIA) school opened at 611:Long Walk of the Navajo 403:. They adopted herding 32:Navajo (disambiguation) 4788:Hunters Point Boarding 4360:"Navajo Indians" 4174:McNitt, Frank (1972). 4075:Bailey, L. R. (1964). 3552:Keene, Dr. Adrienne, " 3496:Wyman, Leland (1983). 3434:Klah, Hasteen (1942). 3141:Peter Iverson (2002). 2571:The Book of Name Signs 2480:Haile, Berard (1949). 2331: 2323: 1906:Barbara Teller Ornelas 1750:Imperial Japanese Army 1695: 1675:Category:Navajo people 1635:, the show's producer 1614:Sundance Film Festival 1519: 1505: 1494: 1414: 1398: 1331: 1299: 1287: 1275: 1263: 1249: 1232: 1213: 1188: 1164: 1000: 982: 868: 789:and Navajo singer and 782: 657: 566:, "the fearing time." 552:John MacRae Washington 486: 479:to refer to the Diné. 330: 322: 246:Native American people 167:Native American Church 52: 4844:(off-reservation, NM) 4818:Rough Point Community 4366:Catholic Encyclopedia 4314:Middle Ground Project 4287:. Paris: L'Harmattan. 4251:Kansas City, Missouri 4226:61.4 (2019): 821-862. 4113:Left Handed (1967) . 3920:Adair, John (1989) . 3865:Nativenetworks.si.edu 3566:Native Appropriations 3277:Alison R. Bernstein, 2896:FORT DEFIANCE CHAPTER 2643:Plains Anthropologist 1918:U.S. State Department 1732:outfielder (enrolled 1682: 1511: 1500: 1492: 1404: 1396: 1321: 1311:is the Blessing Way ( 1219: 1211: 1162: 1155:Traditional dwellings 1103:One-walks-around clan 1029:There is a system of 980: 866: 787:Mary Cabot Wheelright 770: 762:Franklin D. Roosevelt 651: 523:in 1846 when General 381:hunters and gatherers 328: 320: 177:Related ethnic groups 165:Indigenous Religion, 126:2016 Canadian Census. 4824:Rough Rock Community 4806:Many Farms Community 4084:Bighorse the Warrior 3981:(3rd edition, 2006, 3891:Peterson Zah Summary 3748:"Blanket Statements" 3685:Adair, John (2015). 3440:Navajo Creation Myth 3266:Integrated Education 2390:www12.statcan.gc.ca/ 2207:United States portal 2016:, traditional singer 1935:Clara Nezbah Sherman 1908:(born 1954), master 1878:(born 1948), painter 1811:(1928–2022), painter 1768:during World War II. 670:Navajo Tribal Police 644:Navajo trading posts 529:Mexican–American War 465:Santa Fe, New Mexico 366:Navajo Sign Language 321:A 19th-century hogan 299:federally recognized 146:Navajo Sign Language 30:For other uses, see 4902:List of communities 4611:Livestock Reduction 4583:(1600s–1700s) 4518:Navajo-Churro sheep 4324:Washington Matthews 4320:Navajo Silversmiths 3813:on February 8, 2009 3746:Denver Art Museum. 2601:10.1017/aaq.2020.34 2482:"Navaho or Navajo?" 2465:American Factfinder 2215:Navajo-Churro sheep 2182:, poet and lecturer 2111:Lilakai Julian Neil 2063:Annie Dodge Wauneka 1937:(1914–2010), weaver 1914:cultural ambassador 1851:(born 1940), artist 1584:Alonso de Benavides 1560:Don Lorenzo Hubbell 1282:San Francisco Peaks 1077: 1013:, the Navajos were 987:(Apaches de) Navajó 877:Navajo code talkers 778:. 1941. Taken near 195:Northern Athabascan 187:Southern Athabascan 57: 4951:Indigenous peoples 4836:Tuba City Boarding 4751:Tuba City USD (AZ) 4744:Red Valley/Cove HS 4717:Monument Valley HS 4338:2021-04-18 at the 4277:2012-09-16 at the 4115:Son of Old Man Hat 3753:2010-12-07 at the 3730:2010-08-24 at the 3613:www.hanksville.org 3584:www.firstpeople.us 3559:2016-04-06 at the 3410:Coastal Web Weaver 3362:Lauren Del Carlo, 2589:American Antiquity 2552:2014-11-12 at the 2448:2012-01-01 at the 2367:2021-05-12 at the 2360:Becenti, Arlyssa. 1900:Gerald Nailor, Sr. 1855:Carl Nelson Gorman 1837:Mary Holiday Black 1748:, captured by the 1696: 1665:Sun" in English). 1578:Population history 1520: 1506: 1495: 1415: 1399: 1233: 1214: 1165: 1150:Navajo ethnobotany 1075: 1062:Naashtʼézhí diné’e 983: 952:. You can help by 869: 783: 704:Beautiful Mountain 658: 541:Alexander Doniphan 521:United States Army 506:In 1800, Governor 331: 323: 47: 5163: 5162: 4910: 4909: 4890: 4889: 4782:Greyhills Acad HS 4734:Red Mesa USD (AZ) 4607:(1873–1895) 4328:Project Gutenberg 4170:978-0-87480-624-3 4061:978-0-385-50777-6 4042:978-0-89281-434-3 4021:978-0-19-513877-1 3933:978-0-8061-2215-1 3251:Brian W. Dippie, 2662:, p. 19, 62. 2545:Watkins, Thayer. 2176:, author and poet 2170:, author and chef 2081:Christina Haswood 1704:nuclear physicist 1612:was shown at the 1294:Hesperus Mountain 1128: 1127: 1113:Bitter Water clan 1081:Diné Bizaad name 1064:referring to the 1058:Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé 970: 969: 571:James H. Carleton 537:a treaty of peace 525:Stephen W. Kearny 356:; the Navajo and 238: 237: 201: 200: 16:(Redirected from 5213: 5112: 5104:Ancestral Pueblo 4949: 4948: 4937: 4930: 4923: 4914: 4913: 4794:Kaibeto Boarding 4712:Kayenta USD (AZ) 4631: 4630: 4587:Navajo Wars 4581:Navajo pueblitos 4408: 4398: 4391: 4384: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4260: 4219: 4143: 4126: 4095: 4065: 4046: 4025: 4006: 3980: 3961: 3937: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3876: 3867:. Archived from 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3818: 3809:. Archived from 3799: 3793: 3792: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3768: 3762: 3744: 3738: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3624: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3576: 3570: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3509: 3502: 3493: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3468:"Navajo Culture" 3464: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3402: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3336:Kluckhohn, Clyde 3332: 3321: 3314: 3308: 3303:Judy Pasternak, 3301: 3295: 3288: 3282: 3275: 3269: 3262: 3256: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3236: 3228: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3182:10.2307/25443605 3165: 3159: 3158: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3113: 3104: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3080: 3065: 3056: 3047: 3046: 3030: 3020: 3014: 3013: 2997: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2964: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2931: 2921: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2873: 2870: 2864: 2861: 2855: 2848: 2842: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2804: 2794: 2785: 2784: 2766: 2760: 2746:Simpson, James H 2743: 2737: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2696: 2685: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2580: 2574: 2567: 2561: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2477: 2471: 2462: 2456: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2382: 2376: 2358: 2338: 2336: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2251: 2220:Navajo pueblitos 2209: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2143:, member of the 2135:Joe Shirley, Jr. 2083:, member of the 2057:Henry Chee Dodge 1831:Joyce Begay-Foss 1730:New York Yankees 1686:, pictured in a 1430:handmade jewelry 1303: 1302: 1291: 1290: 1279: 1278: 1267: 1266: 1255: 1254: 1231: 1229:Edward S. Curtis 1192: 1191: 1078: 1074: 1070:Naashgalí diné’é 1022:Navajo Clans or 1004: 1003: 965: 962: 944: 937: 828:Great Depression 780:Canyon de Chelly 709:Henry Chee Dodge 621:Mescalero Apache 556:Canyon de Chelly 492: 491: 457:Apachu de Nabajo 370:Plains Sign Talk 340:which they call 203: 202: 76:Total population 65: 58: 55: 46: 21: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5166: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5147: 5108: 5092: 5019:Southern Paiute 4957: 4943: 4941: 4911: 4906: 4886: 4863: 4847: 4767: 4700:Ganado USD (AZ) 4671:Chinle USD (AZ) 4634:District public 4622: 4557: 4527: 4476: 4430:Council Chamber 4413: 4402: 4340:Wayback Machine 4300:, official site 4294: 4279:Wayback Machine 4270:Witte, Daniel. 4216: 4072: 4070:Further reading 4062: 4043: 4022: 3977: 3958: 3934: 3911: 3910: 3901: 3899: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3872: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3845: 3843: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3816: 3814: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3769: 3765: 3755:Wayback Machine 3745: 3741: 3732:Wayback Machine 3723: 3719: 3712: 3698: 3694: 3683: 3679: 3671: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3622: 3620: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3593: 3591: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3561:Wayback Machine 3551: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3513: 3511: 3510:on 5 March 2016 3507: 3500: 3494: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3472:Discover Navajo 3466: 3465: 3458: 3449: 3447: 3432: 3428: 3419: 3417: 3404: 3403: 3394: 3386: 3382: 3374: 3370: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3311: 3302: 3298: 3289: 3285: 3276: 3272: 3263: 3259: 3250: 3246: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3209: 3205: 3166: 3162: 3155: 3139: 3135: 3128: 3114: 3107: 3099:Peter Iverson, 3098: 3094: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3072:10.25894/ldd241 3066:. p. 117. 3063: 3057: 3050: 3043: 3021: 3017: 3010: 2988: 2984: 2977: 2955: 2951: 2944: 2922: 2915: 2905: 2903: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2849: 2845: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2795: 2788: 2781: 2767: 2763: 2744: 2740: 2728: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2694: 2686: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2639: 2635: 2620: 2616: 2581: 2577: 2568: 2564: 2554:Wayback Machine 2544: 2540: 2531: 2529: 2478: 2474: 2463: 2459: 2450:Wayback Machine 2440: 2436: 2430: 2413: 2409: 2399: 2397: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2375:, 26 April 2021 2369:Wayback Machine 2359: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2341: 2314:; also spelled 2308: 2304: 2281: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2186:Elizabeth Woody 2168:Freddie Bitsoie 2164: 2091:Peter MacDonald 2047: 2040:, ballet dancer 2032:R. Carlos Nakai 2020:James and Ernie 1996:Jeremiah Bitsui 1992: 1971:Emmi Whitehorse 1929:Marilou Schultz 1888:Betty Manygoats 1849:Lorenzo Clayton 1805: 1799: 1726:Jacoby Ellsbury 1714:Notah Begay III 1684:Jacoby Ellsbury 1677: 1671: 1637:Morgan Spurlock 1604: 1580: 1517:Brooklyn Museum 1487: 1481: 1473: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1375: 1361: 1347: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1297: 1285: 1273: 1261: 1247: 1227: 1206: 1200: 1186: 1182:The Blessingway 1157: 1152: 1146: 1133: 1027: 998: 975: 966: 960: 957: 950:needs expansion 935: 921: 894: 885: 861: 820: 814: 723: 717: 662:"Indian Scouts" 646: 640: 638:Reservation era 613: 607: 577:was at the new 517: 500:Chuska Mountain 484: 471:comes from the 315: 310: 285:Navajo language 221: 92: 71: 49: 45: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5219: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5161: 5160: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5114: 5113: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5073:Western Apache 5070: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5056:Akimel O'odham 5053: 5051:Tohono Oʼodham 5043: 5042: 5041: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4940: 4939: 4932: 4925: 4917: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4778: 4776: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4759: 4758: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4709: 4708: 4707: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4688:Navajo Pine HS 4680: 4679: 4678: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4661: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4641:Cedar USD (AZ) 4637: 4635: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4573: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4543: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4457:Chapter houses 4454: 4449: 4444: 4442:Vice President 4439: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4421: 4419: 4415: 4414: 4401: 4400: 4393: 4386: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4330: 4317: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4293: 4292:External links 4290: 4289: 4288: 4281: 4268: 4261: 4257:newspapers.com 4237: 4230: 4220: 4214: 4201: 4194: 4181:Plog, Stephen 4179: 4172: 4158: 4155:Navajo Roundup 4151: 4144: 4127: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4087: 4080: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4060: 4047: 4041: 4026: 4020: 4007: 3990: 3987:978-0131928763 3976:978-0136243625 3975: 3962: 3956: 3942:Iverson, Peter 3938: 3932: 3916: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3881: 3861:"Klee Benally" 3852: 3836:www.ylolfa.com 3823: 3794: 3780: 3763: 3739: 3717: 3710: 3692: 3677: 3665: 3653: 3651:, p. 135. 3641: 3629: 3600: 3571: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3483: 3456: 3426: 3392: 3390:, p. 133. 3380: 3368: 3355: 3349:0-674-6060-3-5 3348: 3322: 3309: 3296: 3283: 3270: 3257: 3244: 3223: 3203: 3176:(4): 437–455. 3160: 3153: 3133: 3126: 3105: 3092: 3048: 3041: 3015: 3008: 2982: 2975: 2949: 2942: 2913: 2883: 2874: 2865: 2856: 2843: 2818: 2811: 2786: 2779: 2761: 2738: 2722: 2710: 2703: 2673: 2664: 2652: 2633: 2614: 2595:(3): 470–491. 2575: 2562: 2538: 2498:10.2307/977783 2472: 2457: 2434: 2428: 2407: 2377: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2235:Navajoceratops 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2183: 2180:Luci Tapahonso 2177: 2174:Sherwin Bitsui 2171: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2158: 2148: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2094: 2088: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2051:Chris Deschene 2046: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1983:Teresa Montoya 1980: 1977:Melanie Yazzie 1974: 1968: 1962: 1959:Tyrrell Tapaha 1956: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1882:Yazzie Johnson 1879: 1873: 1864: 1858: 1852: 1846: 1840: 1834: 1828: 1821:Harrison Begay 1818: 1812: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1784: 1778:Cory Witherill 1775: 1772:Krystal Tsosie 1769: 1759: 1753: 1743: 1737: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1688:Boston Red Sox 1670: 1667: 1644:Tony Hillerman 1619:The Navajo Boy 1603: 1600: 1579: 1576: 1533:Plains Indians 1485:Navajo weaving 1483:Main article: 1480: 1477: 1418:Silversmithing 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1377:Main article: 1374: 1371: 1346: 1343: 1322: 1288:Dookʼoʼoosłííd 1199: 1196: 1156: 1153: 1148:Main article: 1145: 1142: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1119:Hashtł’ishnii 1116: 1115: 1110: 1109:Tódich’ii'nii 1106: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1026: 1020: 974: 971: 968: 967: 947: 945: 920: 917: 910:Camp Pendleton 893: 890: 884: 883:Uranium mining 881: 860: 857: 813: 810: 719:Main article: 716: 713: 689:Navajo Springs 639: 636: 609:Main article: 606: 603: 588:Bosque Redondo 516: 513: 461:San Juan River 455:in 1622, used 314: 311: 309: 306: 236: 235: 230: 226: 225: 215: 211: 210: 207: 199: 198: 179: 178: 174: 173: 162: 161: 157: 156: 134: 133: 129: 128: 88: 87: 83: 82: 78: 77: 73: 72: 66: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5218: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5158: 5155: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4947: 4938: 4933: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4919: 4918: 4915: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4812:Many Farms HS 4810: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4800:Leupp Schools 4798: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4729:Page USD (AZ) 4727: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4655: 4652: 4647: 4646:White Cone HS 4644: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4605:Navajo Scouts 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4589: (1800s) 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4570:The Emergence 4567: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4540:Ádahooníłígíí 4537: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4452:Supreme Court 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4411:Navajo Nation 4407: 4399: 4394: 4392: 4387: 4385: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4368: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4298:Navajo Nation 4296: 4295: 4286: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4235: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4215:0-912586-18-4 4211: 4207: 4202: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4191:0-500-27939-X 4188: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4063: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3957:0-7910-8595-3 3953: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3925: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3885: 3871:on 2011-12-11 3870: 3866: 3862: 3856: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3812: 3808: 3807:navajoboy.com 3804: 3798: 3790: 3784: 3776: 3775: 3767: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3721: 3713: 3711:9780764325779 3707: 3703: 3696: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3669: 3663:, p. 44. 3662: 3657: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3633: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3549: 3543:, p. 90. 3542: 3537: 3531:, p. 88. 3530: 3525: 3506: 3499: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3461: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3416:on 2016-04-18 3415: 3411: 3407: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3389: 3384: 3378:, p. 23. 3377: 3372: 3365: 3359: 3351: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3319: 3313: 3306: 3300: 3293: 3287: 3280: 3274: 3267: 3261: 3254: 3248: 3240: 3234: 3226: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3156: 3154:9780826327185 3150: 3146: 3145: 3137: 3129: 3127:0-912586-18-4 3123: 3119: 3112: 3110: 3102: 3096: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3053: 3044: 3042:0-8058-3760-4 3038: 3034: 3029: 3028: 3019: 3011: 3009:0-8058-3760-4 3005: 3001: 2996: 2995: 2986: 2978: 2976:0-8058-3760-4 2972: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2953: 2945: 2943:0-8058-3760-4 2939: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2920: 2918: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2853: 2847: 2840: 2839:9780547640983 2836: 2832: 2828: 2822: 2814: 2812:0-912586-16-8 2808: 2803: 2802: 2793: 2791: 2782: 2780:9780816504954 2776: 2772: 2765: 2759: 2758:0-8061-3570-0 2755: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2736: 2732: 2726: 2719: 2714: 2706: 2704:9780894172922 2700: 2693: 2692: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2668: 2661: 2656: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2572: 2566: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2454: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2431: 2429:3-12-539683-2 2425: 2421: 2417: 2416:Jones, Daniel 2411: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2357: 2355: 2350: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2299: 2250: 2246: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2225:Navajo Nation 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2197: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2156: 2155:Navajo Nation 2152: 2149: 2146: 2142: 2141:Chris Stearns 2139: 2136: 2133: 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people 1666: 1662: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1582:According to 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1504: 1499: 1491: 1486: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1395: 1380: 1370: 1368: 1367: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1342: 1340: 1335: 1329: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1230: 1225: 1224: 1220:Hastobíga, a 1218: 1210: 1205: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1161: 1151: 1141: 1139: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1099:Honágháahnii 1098: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1089:Kinyaa’áanii 1088: 1087: 1084:English name 1083: 1080: 1079: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1025: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1002: 995: 992: 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Retrieved 3890: 3884: 3873:. Retrieved 3869:the original 3864: 3855: 3844:. Retrieved 3835: 3826: 3815:. Retrieved 3811:the original 3806: 3797: 3783: 3773: 3766: 3758: 3742: 3734: 3720: 3701: 3695: 3686: 3680: 3675:, p. 9. 3668: 3656: 3644: 3639:, p. 4. 3632: 3621:. Retrieved 3612: 3603: 3592:. Retrieved 3583: 3574: 3564: 3548: 3541:Sandner 1991 3536: 3529:Sandner 1991 3524: 3512:. Retrieved 3505:the original 3475:. Retrieved 3471: 3448:. Retrieved 3439: 3429: 3418:. Retrieved 3414:the original 3409: 3383: 3376:Iverson 2006 3371: 3363: 3358: 3339: 3317: 3312: 3304: 3299: 3291: 3286: 3278: 3273: 3265: 3260: 3252: 3247: 3213: 3206: 3173: 3169: 3163: 3143: 3136: 3117: 3100: 3095: 3083:. Retrieved 3026: 3018: 2993: 2985: 2960: 2952: 2927: 2904:. Retrieved 2895: 2886: 2877: 2868: 2859: 2851: 2846: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2800: 2770: 2764: 2749: 2741: 2725: 2713: 2690: 2667: 2660:Iverson 2006 2655: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2570: 2565: 2557: 2541: 2530:. Retrieved 2492:(1): 85–90. 2489: 2486:The Americas 2485: 2475: 2460: 2452: 2437: 2419: 2410: 2398:. Retrieved 2389: 2380: 2373:Navajo Times 2372: 2332: 2329: 2324: 2315: 2249: 2151:Peterson Zah 2117:Jonathan Nez 2097:Mark Maryboy 2069:Thomas Dodge 2026:Carmen Moore 2022:, comedy duo 2008:Raven Chacon 1985:, film maker 1947:Tommy Singer 1867:Hastiin Klah 1861:R. C. Gorman 1843:Raven Chacon 1809:Beatien Yazz 1787:Aaron Yazzie 1720:Klee Benally 1663: 1656: 1642: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1607: 1605: 1602:In the media 1581: 1571: 1568:natural dyes 1556:Teec Nos Pos 1555: 1545: 1541:Philadelphia 1537: 1521: 1512: 1472: 1466: 1461: 1454: 1425: 1416: 1379:Navajo music 1366:Diné Bahaneʼ 1364: 1362: 1336: 1332: 1324:In Tsegihi , 1323: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1270:Mount Taylor 1245: 1241:Diné Bahaneʼ 1236: 1234: 1221: 1185: 1179: 1173: 1166: 1134: 1131:Gender roles 1122: 1112: 1102: 1092: 1069: 1061: 1055: 1043: 1034: 1028: 1023: 1015:semi-nomadic 1008: 997: 993: 986: 984: 958: 954:adding to it 949: 914: 903: 895: 886: 874: 870: 848: 840: 835:John Collier 832: 821: 806: 796:founded the 794:Hastiin Klah 791:medicine man 784: 771: 759: 748: 743: 739: 736: 724: 701: 697: 693: 681: 677:Indian agent 674: 668:founded the 659: 653: 625: 614: 600: 592: 579:Fort Wingate 568: 563: 560: 549: 545:Fort Wingate 518: 505: 496:Mount Taylor 483: 481: 476: 468: 456: 448: 444: 442: 425: 378: 374: 349: 345: 341: 332: 292: 289: 265:Four Corners 254: 241: 239: 171:Christianity 118: 50: 44:Ethnic group 5118:Basketmaker 4984:Halchidhoma 4895:Communities 4842:Navajo Prep 4830:Shonto Prep 4763:Winslow USD 4739:Red Mesa HS 4693:Tohatchi HS 4664:Shiprock HS 4498:Ethnobotany 4472:Miss Navajo 4345:Navajo Arts 4176:Navajo Wars 3290:Bernstein, 3085:14 December 2400:31 December 2147:since 2022. 2087:since 2021. 2075:Albert Hale 2045:Politicians 1941:Ryan Singer 1923:Atsidi Sani 1876:David Johns 1762:Chester Nez 1548:Navajo rugs 1458:pomegranate 1426:Nakai Tsosi 1422:Atsidi Sani 1384:Visual arts 1317:Anaʼí Ndááʼ 1313:Hózhǫ́ǫ́jí) 1300:Dibé Nitsaa 1258:Blanca Peak 1144:Ethnobotany 1138:bridewealth 1046:matrilineal 1009:Like other 961:August 2016 844:matrilineal 776:Ansel Adams 755:Hubert Work 632:reservation 617:Fort Sumner 564:Naahondzood 342:Diné bizaad 261:reservation 218:Diné Bizaad 189:) peoples, 5170:Categories 4974:Chiricahua 4969:Chemehuevi 4659:Newcomb HS 4553:KTNN Radio 4351:The Navajo 4107:The Navajo 3947:The Navajo 3902:2016-04-02 3875:2012-01-31 3846:2019-08-01 3817:2009-02-26 3803:"Synopsis" 3673:Adair 1989 3661:Adair 1989 3649:Adair 1989 3637:Adair 1989 3623:2021-10-13 3594:2021-10-13 3477:2023-12-04 3450:2016-05-31 3420:2016-05-31 3388:Kehoe 1992 3340:The Navaho 3224:0803297246 2718:Sides 2006 2649:: 149–161. 2630:: 139–164. 2532:2020-12-14 2345:References 2129:Ben Shelly 2123:Buu Nygren 2034:, musician 2010:, composer 1990:Performers 1815:Apie Begay 1801:See also: 1708:Korean War 1700:Fred Begay 1673:See also: 1658:Dark Winds 1592:New Mexico 1389:Silverwork 1349:See also: 1264:Sisnaajiní 1202:See also: 1189:hózhǫ́ǫ́jí 1050:matrilocal 923:See also: 919:After 1945 816:See also: 642:See also: 575:Kit Carson 435:goods for 431:and woven 277:New Mexico 197:) peoples 115:California 107:New Mexico 5154:See also: 5110:dwellings 5039:Hopi-Tewa 4989:Havasupai 4705:Ganado HS 4676:Chinle HS 4627:Education 4437:President 3233:cite book 3198:147597303 2609:0002-7316 2522:144292342 2506:0003-1615 2038:Jock Soto 2028:, actress 2002:Blackfire 1468:Turquoise 1434:necklaces 1411:dragonfly 1355:Black God 1068:, of the 1039:exogamous 1011:Apacheans 833:In 1933, 682:In 1883, 666:Manuelito 656:1880–1910 605:Long Walk 583:Mescalero 413:Spaniards 411:from the 223:Hand Talk 132:Languages 68:Manuelito 5128:Mogollon 5004:Maricopa 4999:Hualapai 4868:Tertiary 4493:Language 4336:Archived 4275:Archived 4140:60013480 4123:67004921 4003:64020759 3944:(2006). 3896:Archived 3840:Archived 3751:Archived 3728:Archived 3617:Archived 3588:Archived 3557:Archived 3444:Archived 3294:pp 46–49 3190:25443605 3076:Archived 2900:Archived 2550:Archived 2526:Archived 2446:Archived 2394:Archived 2365:Archived 2333:Naabeehó 2307:-ə-hoh, 2193:See also 2105:Red Mesa 1965:Klah Tso 1692:baseball 1442:earrings 1276:Tsoodził 1237:Hózhóójí 1223:Hataałii 1174:kinaaldá 1123:Mud clan 802:Santa Fe 772:Untitled 421:blankets 214:Language 183:Apachean 160:Religion 103:Colorado 5143:Sinagua 5133:Patayan 5123:Hohokam 5083:Yavapai 5046:Oʼodham 5029:Quechan 4979:Cocopah 4955:Arizona 4852:Private 4775:/Tribal 4619:(1940s) 4613:(1930s) 4576:Dinétah 4562:History 4508:Weaving 4481:Culture 4467:Rangers 4425:Council 4228:summary 2729:9 2162:Writers 1998:, actor 1916:of the 1827:painter 1797:Artists 1710:veteran 1632:30 Days 1588:Arizona 1564:Persian 1479:Weaving 1446:buckles 1438:bracers 1413:designs 1339:witches 1251:Dinétah 973:Culture 533:Narbona 488:Dinétah 449:Quechos 445:Apaches 335:Na-Dené 308:History 269:Arizona 248:of the 233:Dinétah 229:Country 154:Spanish 150:English 99:Arizona 18:Navajos 5176:Navajo 5138:Salado 5014:Navajo 5009:Mohave 4601:(1868) 4595:(1864) 4488:People 4462:Police 4409: 4212: 4189: 4168: 4138: 4121: 4058: 4039: 4018: 4001: 3985: 3973: 3954: 3930: 3708: 3514:31 May 3346: 3221: 3196: 3188: 3151: 3124: 3039: 3006: 2973: 2940: 2906:31 May 2837: 2809: 2777: 2756: 2733: 2701: 2695:(Book) 2607: 2520: 2514:977783 2512: 2504: 2426: 2320:Navajo 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