102:, various revitalised aboriginal spiritual traditions, movements that appropriate aspects of aboriginal spirituality but consist mostly of non-aboriginals, neo-shamanistic groups, various portions of environmental movements, some feminist movements, certain 'New Age' movements, and movement within traditional religions such as Christian creation spirituality. This list could vary somewhat and I certainly do not want to suggest that such classification is an unambiguous matter."
113:
22:
84:
studies scholar Peter Beyer described "nature religion" as a "useful analytical abstraction" to refer to "any religious belief or practice in which devotees consider nature to be the embodiment of divinity, sacredness, transcendence, spiritual power, or whatever cognate term one wishes to use". He went on to note that in this way nature religion was not an "identifiable religious tradition" such as
144:
socio-political structures such as churches. Furthermore, Beyer noted, nature religionists often held a "concomitant distrust of and even eschewing of politically orientated power". Instead of this, he felt that among nature religious communities, there was "a valuing of community as non-hierarchical" and a "conditional optimism with regard to human capacity and the future."
139:
Peter Beyer noted the existence of a series of common characteristics which he believed were shared by different nature religions. He remarked that although "one must be careful not to overgeneralise", he suspected that there were a series of features which "occur sufficiently often" in those nature
185:
scholar Ethan Doyle White expressed the view that the category of "nature religion" was problematic from a "historical perspective" because it solely emphasises the "commonalities of belief and attitude to the natural world" that are found between different religions and in doing so divorces these
152:
which was favoured by nature religionists. He remarked that those adhering to such beliefs typically had respect for "charismatic and hence purely individual authority" and place a "strong emphasis on individual paths" which led them to believe in "the equal value of individuals and groups". Along
83:
Catherine
Albanese described nature religion as "a symbolic center and the cluster of beliefs, behaviours, and values that encircles it", deeming it to be useful for shining a light on aspects of history that are rarely viewed as religious. In a paper of his on the subject, the Canadian religious
143:
The first of these common characteristics was nature religion's "comparative resistance to institutionalisation and legitimisation in terms of identifiable socio-religious authorities and organisations", meaning that nature religionists rarely formed their religious beliefs into large, visible
88:
or
Christianity are, but that it instead covers "a range of religious and quasi-religious movements, groups and social networks whose participants may or may not identify with one of the many constructed religions of global society which referred to many other nature religion."
165:
in North West
England held a conference on contemporary Paganism entitled "Nature Religion Today: Western Paganism, Shamanism and Esotericism in the 1990s", and ultimately led to the publication of an academic anthology of the same name two years later. This book,
147:
In the sphere of the environment, Beyer noted that nature religionists held to a "holistic conception of reality" and "a valorisation of physical place as vital aspects of their spiritualities". Similarly, Beyer noted the
322:(1 October 1996). "Nature Religion Today: Western Paganism, Shamanism and Esotericism in the 1990s. Conference at the Lake District Campus of Lancaster University, 9th to 13th April 1996".
805:
153:
similar lines, he also commented on the "strong experiential basis" to nature religionist beliefs "where personal experience is a final arbiter of truth or validity".
170:, was edited by members of the University's Department of Religious Studies, a postgraduate named Joanne Pearson and two professors, Richard H. Roberts and
75:(1991), and she later went on to use it in other studies. After Albanese developed the term, it has been used by other academics working in the discipline.
730:
56:
in various parts of the world by cultures who consider the environment to be imbued with spirits and other sacred entities. It also includes
792:
605:
561:
538:
510:
475:
448:
427:
270:
697:
688:
670:
124:, Latvia. Anastasianism is a Russian-originated modern Pagan movement that sacralises environmental and human nativity (
878:
953:
117:
913:
679:
958:
933:
827:
598:
419:
467:
906:
195:
741:
633:
530:
210:
162:
847:
591:
215:
869:
126:
220:
186:
different belief systems from their distinctive socio-cultural and historical backgrounds.
8:
752:
647:
50:
46:
774:
412:
68:
49:
is an embodiment of divinity, sacredness or spiritual power. Nature religions include
836:
785:
557:
534:
524:
506:
471:
444:
438:
423:
339:
64:
30:
552:(1998). Joanne Pearson; Richard H. Roberts; Geoffrey Samuel (eds.). "Introduction".
121:
708:
704:
331:
205:
899:
843:
781:
748:
549:
485:
459:
319:
171:
99:
57:
796:
666:
53:
947:
737:
726:
614:
520:
343:
182:
149:
920:
823:
335:
200:
94:"ncluded under the heading of nature religion would be modern witchcraft/
33:, a modern Lithuanian Pagan faith characterised as a "nature religion".
112:
60:
faiths, which are primarily concentrated in Europe and North
America.
21:
414:
Nature
Religion in America: From the Algonkian Indians to the New Age
73:
Nature
Religion in America: From the Algonkian Indians to the New Age
626:
85:
225:
140:
religions known to recorded scholarship to constitute a pattern.
583:
503:
Wicca: History, Belief, and
Community in Modern Pagan Witchcraft
42:
578:
526:
The
Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft
178:
95:
63:
The term "nature religion" was first coined by the
American
494:
The
Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
496:. Vol. 6, no. 1. London: Equinox. pp. 5–10.
505:. Brighton, Chicago, and Toronto: Sussex Academic Press.
458:
Beyer, Peter (1998). Joanne Pearson; Richard H. Roberts;
492:
Returns from the Underworld: A Letter from the Editor".
556:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–7.
386:
258:
462:(eds.). "Globalisation and the Religion of Nature".
130:), and is therefore regarded as a "nature religion".
554:
Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World
464:
Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World
168:
Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World
411:
945:
731:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles
302:
300:
298:
296:
294:
292:
248:
246:
599:
289:
243:
500:
392:
269:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAlbanese1991 (
606:
592:
134:
264:
111:
20:
946:
548:Pearson, Joanne; Roberts, Richard H.;
318:
156:
41:is a religious movement that believes
587:
698:Magic, Witchcraft and the Otherworld
689:Witchcraft and Paganism in Australia
13:
14:
970:
879:Modern Paganism in World Cultures
613:
572:
671:Persuasions of the Witch's Craft
381:Pearson, Roberts and Samuel 1998
357:Pearson, Roberts and Samuel 1998
29:, a type of fire altar found in
834:Scarboro, Campbell and Stave's
402:
867:Pearson, Roberts and Samuel's
374:
362:
350:
312:
277:
1:
914:Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft
806:Introduction to Pagan Studies
680:Never Again the Burning Times
231:
78:
440:Nature Religion Reconsidered
437:Albanese, Catherine (2002).
410:Albanese, Catherine (1991).
236:
7:
501:Doyle White, Ethan (2016).
484:
420:University of Chicago Press
368:
189:
118:Ringing Cedars' Anastasians
116:Amatciems, a settlement of
10:
975:
766:and theological approaches
579:http://www.brontaylor.com/
547:
519:
468:Edinburgh University Press
457:
436:
409:
380:
356:
306:
283:
252:
71:, who used it in her work
930:
889:
858:
816:
763:
719:
657:
621:
831:(1979, 1986, 1996, 2006)
954:Modern pagan traditions
890:Academic, peer-reviewed
817:Sociological approaches
742:The Triumph of the Moon
660:folkloristic approaches
531:Oxford University Press
211:Naturalism (philosophy)
163:University of Lancaster
848:A Community of Witches
336:10.1006/reli.1996.0031
216:Naturalistic pantheism
135:Common characteristics
131:
104:
34:
870:Nature Religion Today
828:Drawing Down the Moon
720:Historical approaches
634:Contemporary paganism
115:
92:
24:
221:Religious naturalism
51:indigenous religions
959:Nature and religion
934:Pagan studies books
753:Her Hidden Children
658:Anthropological and
648:Western esotericism
196:Dark green religion
161:In April 1996, the
157:Use within academia
775:Enchanted Feminism
470:. pp. 11–21.
132:
107:Peter Beyer, 1998.
69:Catherine Albanese
35:
18:Religious movement
941:
940:
859:Interdisciplinary
837:Living Witchcraft
786:Gods of the Blood
764:Religious studies
563:978-0-7486-1057-0
540:978-0-19-820744-3
512:978-1-84519-754-4
477:978-0-7486-1057-0
450:978-1-56338-376-2
443:. Trinity Press.
429:978-0-226-01146-2
65:religious studies
966:
709:Witching Culture
608:
601:
594:
585:
584:
567:
550:Samuel, Geoffrey
544:
516:
497:
486:Clifton, Chas S.
481:
454:
433:
417:
396:
393:Doyle White 2016
390:
384:
378:
372:
366:
360:
354:
348:
347:
320:Samuel, Geoffrey
316:
310:
304:
287:
281:
275:
274:
262:
256:
250:
206:Natural religion
177:In his study of
108:
974:
973:
969:
968:
967:
965:
964:
963:
944:
943:
942:
937:
926:
907:The Pomegranate
891:
885:
860:
854:
812:
765:
759:
715:
659:
653:
641:Nature religion
617:
612:
575:
570:
564:
541:
513:
490:The Pomegranate
478:
460:Geoffrey Samuel
451:
430:
405:
400:
399:
391:
387:
379:
375:
367:
363:
355:
351:
317:
313:
305:
290:
282:
278:
268:
267:, pp. 7–8.
263:
259:
251:
244:
239:
234:
192:
172:Geoffrey Samuel
159:
137:
110:
106:
81:
39:nature religion
19:
12:
11:
5:
972:
962:
961:
956:
939:
938:
931:
928:
927:
925:
924:
917:
910:
903:
895:
893:
887:
886:
884:
883:
874:
864:
862:
861:edited volumes
856:
855:
853:
852:
841:
832:
820:
818:
814:
813:
811:
810:
801:
797:Pagan Theology
790:
779:
769:
767:
761:
760:
758:
757:
746:
735:
723:
721:
717:
716:
714:
713:
702:
693:
684:
675:
663:
661:
655:
654:
652:
651:
644:
637:
630:
622:
619:
618:
611:
610:
603:
596:
588:
582:
581:
574:
573:External links
571:
569:
568:
562:
545:
539:
521:Hutton, Ronald
517:
511:
498:
482:
476:
455:
449:
434:
428:
406:
404:
401:
398:
397:
385:
373:
361:
349:
330:(4): 373–376.
311:
288:
276:
257:
241:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
191:
188:
158:
155:
136:
133:
122:Drabeši Parish
91:
80:
77:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
971:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
936:
935:
929:
923:
922:
918:
916:
915:
911:
909:
908:
904:
902:
901:
897:
896:
894:
888:
881:
880:
875:
872:
871:
866:
865:
863:
857:
850:
849:
845:
842:
839:
838:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
821:
819:
815:
808:
807:
802:
799:
798:
794:
791:
788:
787:
783:
780:
777:
776:
772:Salomonsen's
771:
770:
768:
762:
755:
754:
750:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
733:
732:
728:
725:
724:
722:
718:
711:
710:
706:
703:
700:
699:
694:
691:
690:
685:
682:
681:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
664:
662:
656:
650:
649:
645:
643:
642:
638:
636:
635:
631:
629:
628:
624:
623:
620:
616:
615:Pagan studies
609:
604:
602:
597:
595:
590:
589:
586:
580:
577:
576:
565:
559:
555:
551:
546:
542:
536:
532:
528:
527:
522:
518:
514:
508:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
473:
469:
466:. Edinburgh:
465:
461:
456:
452:
446:
442:
441:
435:
431:
425:
421:
416:
415:
408:
407:
394:
389:
382:
377:
370:
365:
358:
353:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
315:
308:
303:
301:
299:
297:
295:
293:
285:
280:
272:
266:
265:Albanese 1991
261:
254:
249:
247:
242:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
187:
184:
183:Pagan studies
180:
175:
173:
169:
164:
154:
151:
150:individualism
145:
141:
129:
128:
123:
119:
114:
109:
103:
101:
97:
90:
87:
76:
74:
70:
66:
61:
59:
55:
52:
48:
47:natural world
44:
40:
32:
28:
23:
16:
932:
921:Nova Religio
919:
912:
905:
898:
877:
868:
846:
835:
826:
804:
795:
784:
773:
751:
740:
729:
707:
696:
695:Greenwood's
687:
678:
669:
646:
640:
639:
632:
625:
553:
529:. New York:
525:
502:
493:
489:
463:
439:
413:
403:Bibliography
395:, p. 8.
388:
376:
369:Clifton 2004
364:
352:
327:
323:
314:
279:
260:
201:Deep ecology
176:
167:
160:
146:
142:
138:
125:
105:
100:Neo-Paganism
93:
82:
72:
62:
58:modern Pagan
38:
36:
26:
15:
876:Strmiska's
705:Magliocco's
418:. Chicago:
948:Categories
667:Luhrmann's
307:Beyer 1998
284:Beyer 1998
253:Beyer 1998
232:References
79:Definition
782:Gardell's
749:Clifton's
488:(2004). "
344:0048-721X
237:Footnotes
54:practiced
892:journals
844:Berger's
738:Hutton's
727:Hutton's
677:Orion's
627:Paganism
523:(1999).
324:Religion
309:. p. 17.
286:. p. 16.
255:. p. 11.
190:See also
86:Buddhism
67:scholar
45:and the
824:Adler's
803:Davy's
686:Hume's
371:. p. 8.
359:. p. 1.
226:Animism
27:aukuras
882:(2005)
873:(1998)
851:(1999)
840:(1994)
809:(2007)
800:(2003)
793:York's
789:(2003)
778:(2002)
756:(2005)
745:(1999)
734:(1991)
712:(2004)
701:(2000)
692:(1997)
683:(1995)
674:(1989)
560:
537:
509:
474:
447:
426:
342:
181:, the
43:nature
31:Romuva
900:Aries
179:Wicca
96:Wicca
558:ISBN
535:ISBN
507:ISBN
472:ISBN
445:ISBN
424:ISBN
340:ISSN
271:help
98:and
332:doi
127:Rod
120:in
25:An
950::
533:.
422:.
338:.
328:26
326:.
291:^
245:^
174:.
37:A
607:e
600:t
593:v
566:.
543:.
515:.
480:.
453:.
432:.
383:.
346:.
334::
273:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.