475:
205:
In the past, individual intelligence agencies had a significant degree of independence and generally reported directly to the president. Since 2023, Bureau is conducting a set of restructuring measures in the security services, including merging some branches. Main goal of changes is amending the
897:
2250:
2157:
1591:
1386:
174:
94:
46:
2255:
1248:
2921:
2399:
2240:
2199:
2189:
2220:
919:
2434:
2267:
2245:
2147:
178:
98:
50:
2152:
463:
846:
2610:
318:
2926:
2491:
2106:
221:
206:
powers of intelligence services and withdrawing their presence in some state institutions and developing coordination among the agencies.
441:
2745:
2727:
731:
102:
2506:
2484:
2464:
2137:
722:
699:
620:
424:
293:
138:
2454:
2235:
2164:
603:
276:
121:
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2574:
2424:
2120:
1254:
608:
2931:
2174:
2169:
663:
585:
856:
2625:
2564:
892:
456:
2695:
2660:
2225:
2650:
2605:
2351:
2318:
598:
298:
143:
2569:
2313:
1966:
1396:
548:
381:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2501:
2474:
2215:
1976:
2722:
2142:
1936:
1546:
652:
449:
2544:
914:
749:
667:
615:
288:
133:
2755:
2665:
2620:
1541:
784:
692:
571:
566:
866:
841:
821:
2549:
1506:
1456:
561:
471:
2690:
2655:
2615:
2496:
2194:
1874:
909:
496:
2868:
2861:
2680:
2600:
1849:
1830:
924:
647:
488:
359:"President al-Assad chairs a meeting for commanders of security apparatus in the army and armed forces"
195:
2750:
2559:
2372:
401:
2670:
2521:
1636:
1571:
1421:
1121:
685:
556:
528:
239:
2675:
2479:
2179:
2056:
1746:
1431:
1401:
779:
774:
535:
2705:
2511:
2041:
2021:
2011:
1961:
1766:
1741:
1676:
1581:
1516:
1461:
1416:
1116:
1021:
2297:
2184:
2036:
1986:
1761:
1556:
1536:
1359:
1309:
1170:
1101:
939:
805:
215:
1946:
1859:
1711:
1656:
1526:
1451:
1304:
1106:
257:
80:
8:
2356:
2061:
1904:
1771:
1726:
1696:
1681:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1486:
831:
501:
340:
2685:
2630:
2341:
2026:
2001:
1889:
1721:
1626:
1436:
1406:
1289:
1223:
1043:
882:
836:
826:
677:
233:
2516:
2051:
2016:
1956:
1786:
1601:
1566:
1496:
1491:
1471:
1426:
1269:
1053:
887:
377:
2804:
2794:
2554:
2031:
1781:
1776:
1666:
1646:
1631:
1441:
1411:
1329:
1299:
1294:
1213:
1026:
944:
851:
521:
194:
bureau which coordinates the work of Syria's intelligence agencies and advises the
2892:
2429:
2419:
2346:
2292:
1914:
1894:
1791:
1756:
1751:
1736:
1701:
1621:
1611:
1551:
1466:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1319:
1279:
1233:
1208:
1138:
1096:
1063:
708:
245:
191:
183:
164:
2886:
2809:
2439:
2071:
2006:
1951:
1899:
1864:
1806:
1801:
1616:
1606:
1531:
1481:
1349:
1284:
1274:
1228:
1148:
1111:
1091:
1048:
1016:
934:
929:
861:
769:
2915:
2829:
2824:
2444:
1996:
1991:
1884:
1816:
1796:
1716:
1671:
1661:
1561:
1476:
1339:
1324:
1218:
263:
199:
74:
2814:
2799:
2287:
2230:
1641:
1344:
1264:
1186:
1143:
1011:
995:
990:
800:
630:
594:
National
Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
2844:
2819:
2449:
2066:
1811:
1731:
1706:
1691:
1686:
1651:
1576:
1334:
1314:
1191:
1165:
514:
507:
251:
227:
2839:
2046:
1446:
425:"Syria war: Why did Assad restructure the military-security apparatus?"
280:
125:
2834:
904:
2590:
60:
642:
634:
358:
479:
474:
188:مكتب الأمن الوطني لحزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي – قطر سوريا
707:
402:"Syria's Intelligence Services: Origins and Development"
319:"Is al-Assad about to have his very own 'Sadat Moment'?"
198:. The current head of the National Security Bureau is
2435:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
2913:
920:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq
399:
270:
847:National Council for the Revolutionary Command
316:
2611:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria
693:
457:
422:
2398:
371:
2922:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
700:
686:
464:
450:
372:Kahana, Ephraim; Suwaed, Muhammad (2009).
2492:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
374:The A to Z of Middle Eastern Intelligence
2455:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
47:General Secretary of the Central Command
2596:Front of Patriotic and National Parties
2575:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
2425:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
2914:
2507:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
395:
393:
2776:
2397:
2104:
965:
747:
681:
664:Syria and weapons of mass destruction
445:
2626:Palestinian National Salvation Front
2696:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party
2661:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
400:Andrew Rathmell (1 November 1996).
390:
187:
168:
13:
2746:General Federation of Trade Unions
2606:Lebanese National Resistance Front
2319:National Progressive Front (Syria)
599:Air Force Intelligence Directorate
333:
317:Ibrahim Hamidi (24 January 2024).
299:Air Force Intelligence Directorate
144:Air Force Intelligence Directorate
14:
2943:
2777:
2570:Palestine Liberation Organization
2314:National Progressive Front (Iraq)
1967:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
1397:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur
621:Military Intelligence Directorate
294:Military Intelligence Directorate
139:Military Intelligence Directorate
2927:Organization of the Ba'ath Party
2475:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
2105:
1379:Members of the Regional Commands
604:General Intelligence Directorate
473:
341:"Bashar al-Assad's inner circle"
277:General Intelligence Directorate
173:National Security Bureau of the
122:General Intelligence Directorate
2723:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
857:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
653:Military Security Shield Forces
260:(9 July 2019 – 18 January 2024)
2545:Alliance of Palestinian Forces
966:
616:Political Security Directorate
423:Paul Khalifeh (17 July 2019).
416:
365:
351:
310:
289:Political Security Directorate
218:(27 March 1966 – 2 March 1969)
134:Political Security Directorate
1:
2756:General Union of Syrian Women
2666:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
2621:Palestinian National Alliance
893:Revolutionary Command Council
785:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
572:Syrian Special Mission Forces
567:Syrian Public Security Police
404:. Journal of Conflict Studies
304:
2932:Syrian intelligence agencies
2565:National Democratic Alliance
2550:Forces of Freedom and Change
1547:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i
1507:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi
1457:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri
271:Syrian intelligence agencies
254:(25 July 2012 – 9 July 2019)
248:(9 June 2005 – 18 July 2012)
242:(21 June 2000 – 6 June 2005)
224:(November 1970 – March 1978)
209:
7:
2691:Social Democratic Unionists
2656:Arab Democratic Union Party
2352:National Defense Battalions
748:
710:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
266:(18 January 2024 – present)
103:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
10:
2948:
2869:On the Way of Resurrection
2862:The Battle for One Destiny
2651:Arab Socialist Union Party
2601:Lebanese National Movement
1831:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab
1542:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i
16:Syrian intelligence agency
2878:
2853:
2787:
2783:
2772:
2751:General Union of Peasants
2738:
2643:
2583:
2560:National Consensus Forces
2537:
2530:
2463:
2412:
2408:
2393:
2373:Revolutionary Youth Union
2365:
2334:
2327:
2306:
2280:
2208:
2130:
2119:
2115:
2100:
2085:
1975:
1935:
1928:
1873:
1848:
1841:
1825:
1590:
1385:
1378:
1247:
1201:
1179:
1158:
1131:
1084:
1077:
1036:
1004:
983:
976:
972:
961:
875:
814:
793:
762:
758:
743:
717:
661:
629:
584:
547:
487:
108:
90:
67:
56:
42:
34:
29:
24:
2701:Socialist Unionist Party
2671:Libyan National Movement
2497:Arabic Toilers' Movement
2401:Associated organizations
2261:National Security Bureau
2209:Syrian-dominated faction
1637:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
1572:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi
1422:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
1122:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
1037:Syrian-dominated faction
733:Syrian-dominated faction
557:Law enforcement in Syria
529:Syrian Air Defense Force
240:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
161:National Security Bureau
20:National Security Bureau
2676:National Covenant Party
2480:Arab Socialist Movement
2131:Iraqi-dominated faction
2057:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji
1747:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham
1432:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
1402:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun
1005:Iraqi-dominated faction
925:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
915:Union of Arab Republics
867:1966 Syrian coup d'état
842:1963 Syrian coup d'état
822:1954 Syrian coup d'état
780:Arab Socialist Movement
724:Iraqi-dominated faction
536:National Defence Forces
2706:Syrian Communist Party
2512:Palestinian Arab Front
2042:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
2022:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
2012:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
1962:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
1767:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
1742:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
1677:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
1582:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
1517:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi
1462:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1417:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah
1117:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1022:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
179:Syrian Regional Branch
118:Intelligence Agencies
99:Syrian Regional Branch
51:Syrian Regional Branch
2522:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
2037:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
1987:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1762:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
1557:Nayef Shindakh Thamer
1310:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1171:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
806:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
609:Internal Branch - 251
282:Internal Branch - 251
236:(1987 – 17 June 2000)
216:Abd al-Karim al-Jundi
127:Internal Branch - 251
2616:National Union Front
1947:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1905:Abdul Halim Khaddam
1860:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1712:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi
1657:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
1527:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi
1452:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1305:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1107:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1078:Regional Secretaries
775:Arab Ba'ath Movement
562:Ministry of Interior
258:Mohammed Dib Zaitoun
81:Abdel-Fatah Qudsiyeh
2739:Other organizations
2681:Popular Unity Party
2531:Political alliances
2062:Wael Nader al-Halqi
1929:Heads of government
1772:Abdul Qadir Qaddura
1727:Abdul Halim Khaddam
1697:Mohammad al-Hussein
1682:Wael Nader al-Halqi
1522:Taha Yassin Ramadan
1512:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan
1502:Ali Hassan al-Majid
1487:Latif Nassif Jassim
977:General Secretaries
910:Corrective Movement
832:1959 Mosul uprising
502:Syrian Armed Forces
497:Ministry of Defense
376:. Scarecrow Press.
21:
2631:Rejectionist Front
2027:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
2002:Nureddin al-Atassi
1890:Nureddin al-Atassi
1722:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
1627:Nureddin al-Atassi
1537:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1437:Salih Mahdi Ammash
1407:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil
1360:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1290:Nureddin al-Atassi
1224:Nureddin al-Atassi
1102:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1054:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1044:Nureddin al-Atassi
940:De-Ba'athification
883:17 July Revolution
837:Ramadan Revolution
827:14 July Revolution
648:Popular Committees
234:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
171:), officially the
19:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2644:Political parties
2639:
2638:
2517:Socialist Lebanon
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2276:
2275:
2122:Regional branches
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2080:
2052:Riyad Farid Hijab
2017:Mahmoud al-Ayyubi
1924:
1923:
1910:
1837:
1836:
1787:Hikmat al-Shihabi
1602:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1567:Hardan al-Tikriti
1497:Adnan Khayr Allah
1492:Rashid Taan Kazim
1427:Salah Omar al-Ali
1270:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1243:
1242:
1073:
1072:
1059:
957:
956:
953:
952:
675:
674:
427:. Middle East Eye
347:. 12 August 2012.
283:
196:General Secretary
169:مكتب الأمن الوطني
157:
156:
128:
83:, Deputy Director
68:Agency executives
25:مكتب الأمن الوطني
2939:
2805:Arab nationalism
2795:Anti-imperialism
2785:
2784:
2774:
2773:
2555:March 8 Alliance
2535:
2534:
2467:
2466:Breakaway groups
2410:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2394:
2332:
2331:
2158:Regional Command
2128:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2032:Mahmoud Al-Zoubi
1979:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1906:
1877:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1782:Farouk al-Sharaa
1777:Hammouda Sabbagh
1667:Ibrahim al-Hadid
1647:Mahdi Dakhlallah
1632:Shibli al-Aysami
1594:
1442:Hussein Al-Awadi
1412:Saad Abdul-Majid
1389:
1383:
1382:
1330:Akram al-Hawrani
1300:Shibli al-Aysami
1295:Mansur al-Atrash
1257:
1256:National Command
1251:
1214:Shibli al-Aysami
1082:
1081:
1055:
1027:Salah Al-Mukhtar
981:
980:
974:
973:
963:
962:
945:Syrian civil war
852:Ar-Rashid revolt
760:
759:
752:
745:
744:
734:
725:
711:
702:
695:
688:
679:
678:
538:
531:
524:
522:Syrian Air Force
517:
510:
478:
477:
466:
459:
452:
443:
442:
437:
436:
434:
432:
420:
414:
413:
411:
409:
397:
388:
387:
369:
363:
362:
355:
349:
348:
337:
331:
330:
328:
326:
314:
281:
189:
170:
126:
22:
18:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2897:
2893:Pan-Arab colors
2887:Arḍ ul-Furātayn
2874:
2849:
2779:
2760:
2734:
2635:
2579:
2526:
2485:Damascus branch
2465:
2459:
2430:Free Iraqi Army
2420:Al-Abud Network
2404:
2400:
2377:
2361:
2347:Fedayeen Saddam
2342:Ba'ath Brigades
2323:
2302:
2293:Sawt al-Jamahir
2272:
2251:Central Command
2204:
2121:
2111:
2107:
2088:
2077:
1977:
1971:
1937:
1920:
1915:Bashar al-Assad
1895:Ahmad al-Khatib
1875:
1869:
1850:
1833:
1821:
1792:Hammud al-Shufi
1757:Zuhair Masharqa
1752:Ibrahim Makhous
1737:Ahmad al-Khatib
1702:Hisham Ikhtiyar
1622:Rifaat al-Assad
1612:Bashar al-Assad
1592:
1586:
1552:Talib El-Shibib
1467:Saadoun Ghaidan
1387:
1374:
1370:Khaled Yashruti
1365:Talib El-Shibib
1355:Abdullah Rimawi
1320:Wahib al-Ghanim
1280:Bashar al-Assad
1255:
1249:
1239:
1234:Bashar al-Assad
1209:Hammud al-Shufi
1197:
1175:
1154:
1139:Abdullah Rimawi
1127:
1097:Talib El-Shibib
1069:
1064:Bashar al-Assad
1032:
1000:
968:
949:
871:
810:
789:
754:
750:
739:
732:
723:
713:
709:
706:
676:
671:
657:
625:
580:
549:Law enforcement
543:
534:
527:
520:
513:
506:
483:
482:security forces
472:
470:
440:
430:
428:
421:
417:
407:
405:
398:
391:
384:
370:
366:
357:
356:
352:
339:
338:
334:
324:
322:
315:
311:
307:
273:
246:Hisham Ikhtiyar
212:
175:Central Command
153:
150:
95:Central Command
86:
30:Agency overview
17:
12:
11:
5:
2945:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2810:Arab socialism
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2440:Jeish Muhammad
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2406:
2405:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2307:Popular fronts
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2072:Hussein Arnous
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2007:Hafez al-Assad
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1957:Sa'dun Hammadi
1954:
1952:Saddam Hussein
1949:
1943:
1941:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1902:
1900:Hafez al-Assad
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1865:Saddam Hussein
1862:
1856:
1854:
1843:
1842:Heads of state
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Muhammad Umran
1804:
1802:Hasan Turkmani
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:Hafez al-Assad
1614:
1609:
1607:Hussein Arnous
1604:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1532:Fuad al-Rikabi
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1482:Saddam Hussein
1479:
1474:
1472:Sa'dun Hammadi
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1350:Fuad al-Rikabi
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Hafez al-Assad
1282:
1277:
1275:Zaki al-Arsuzi
1272:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1229:Hafez al-Assad
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1149:Akram al-Homsi
1146:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1112:Saddam Hussein
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:Fuad al-Rikabi
1088:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1051:
1049:Hafez al-Assad
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1017:Saddam Hussein
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
987:
985:
978:
970:
969:
959:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
937:
935:Iraqi conflict
932:
930:Faith Campaign
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
901:
900:
890:
888:Ba'athist Iraq
885:
879:
877:
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
862:1964 Hama riot
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
818:
816:
812:
811:
809:
808:
803:
797:
795:
791:
790:
788:
787:
782:
777:
772:
766:
764:
756:
755:
741:
740:
738:
737:
728:
718:
715:
714:
705:
704:
697:
690:
682:
673:
672:
662:
659:
658:
656:
655:
650:
645:
639:
637:
627:
626:
624:
623:
618:
613:
612:
611:
601:
596:
590:
588:
582:
581:
579:
578:
577:
576:
575:
574:
559:
553:
551:
545:
544:
542:
541:
540:
539:
532:
525:
518:
511:
499:
493:
491:
485:
484:
469:
468:
461:
454:
446:
439:
438:
415:
389:
382:
364:
350:
332:
308:
306:
303:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
272:
269:
268:
267:
261:
255:
249:
243:
237:
231:
225:
219:
211:
208:
155:
154:
152:
151:
149:
148:
147:
146:
141:
136:
131:
115:
112:
110:
106:
105:
92:
88:
87:
85:
84:
78:
71:
69:
65:
64:
58:
54:
53:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2944:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2830:Republicanism
2828:
2826:
2825:Progressivism
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:Miscellaneous
2775:
2771:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Rejectionists
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2392:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2099:
2087:* = incumbent
2084:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Yusuf Zuayyin
1995:
1993:
1992:Amin al-Hafiz
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:Amin al-Hafiz
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1817:Yusuf Zuayyin
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:Mustafa Tlass
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1717:Sami al-Jundi
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Amin al-Hafiz
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Marwan Habash
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:Khamis Sirhan
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:Qusay Hussein
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Zuheir Mohsen
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:Amin al-Hafiz
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:Amin al-Hafiz
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
982:
979:
975:
971:
964:
960:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
899:
896:
895:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
874:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
813:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
796:
792:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
746:
742:
736:
735:
729:
727:
726:
720:
719:
716:
712:
703:
698:
696:
691:
689:
684:
683:
680:
669:
665:
660:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
636:
632:
628:
622:
619:
617:
614:
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
589:
587:
583:
573:
570:
569:
568:
565:
564:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
552:
550:
546:
537:
533:
530:
526:
523:
519:
516:
512:
509:
505:
504:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
492:
490:
486:
481:
476:
467:
462:
460:
455:
453:
448:
447:
444:
426:
419:
403:
396:
394:
385:
383:9780810871571
379:
375:
368:
360:
354:
346:
342:
336:
320:
313:
309:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
284:
278:
275:
274:
265:
264:Kifah Moulhem
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
207:
203:
201:
200:Kifah Moulhem
197:
193:
185:
181:
180:
176:
166:
162:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
129:
123:
120:
119:
117:
116:
114:
113:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
93:
91:Parent agency
89:
82:
79:
76:
75:Kifah Moulhem
73:
72:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
48:
45:
41:
38:27 March 1966
37:
33:
28:
23:
2885:
2867:
2860:
2800:Anti-Zionism
2413:Armed groups
2357:Popular Army
2335:Paramilitary
2260:
2108:Organization
1907:
1642:Muhsen Bilal
1345:Munif Razzaz
1265:Michel Aflaq
1187:Isam al-Qadi
1144:Munif Razzaz
1056:
1012:Michel Aflaq
996:Munif Razzaz
991:Michel Aflaq
801:Michel Aflaq
763:Predecessors
730:
721:
631:Paramilitary
593:
586:Intelligence
429:. Retrieved
418:
406:. Retrieved
373:
367:
353:
344:
335:
323:. Retrieved
321:. Al Majalla
312:
204:
192:Ba'ath Party
172:
160:
158:
109:Child agency
57:Headquarters
43:Jurisdiction
2845:Vanguardism
2820:Pan-Arabism
2450:Snake Party
2236:South Yemen
2067:Imad Khamis
1812:Salim Yasin
1732:Imad Khamis
1707:Salah Jadid
1692:Hilal Hilal
1687:Salim Hatum
1652:Ahmad Diyab
1577:Tahir Yahya
1335:Salah Jadid
1315:Elias Farah
1192:Rakad Salem
1166:Assem Qanso
770:Arab Ba'ath
515:Syrian Navy
508:Syrian Army
431:30 December
252:Ali Mamlouk
230:(1979–1987)
228:Ahmad Diyab
2916:Categories
2854:Literature
2840:Secularism
2728:in Lebanon
2281:Newspapers
2226:Mauritania
2180:Mauritania
2047:Adel Safar
1447:Tariq Aziz
1057:(de facto)
967:Leadership
876:Post-split
325:25 January
305:References
222:Naji Jamil
77:, Director
2879:Symbolism
2835:Saddamism
2815:Ba'athism
2298:Al-Thawra
2288:Al-Ba'ath
2231:Palestine
2185:Palestine
1908:(interim)
1180:Palestine
984:Pre-split
905:Arab Belt
815:Pre-split
210:Directors
2788:Ideology
2591:Ahd Bloc
794:Founders
668:Chemical
489:Military
345:BBC News
190:), is a
61:Damascus
2716:Unified
2711:Bakdash
2538:Current
2502:Al-Awda
2256:History
2221:Lebanon
2195:Tunisia
2170:Lebanon
2143:Bahrain
2138:Algeria
1253:of the
1250:Members
1159:Lebanon
898:Members
751:History
643:Shabiha
635:militia
177:of the
101:of the
97:of the
63:, Syria
49:of the
2584:Former
2216:Jordan
2165:Jordan
1132:Jordan
480:Syrian
408:10 May
380:
184:Arabic
165:Arabic
35:Formed
2686:Sawab
2366:Youth
2328:Wings
2268:Yemen
2246:Syria
2241:Sudan
2200:Yemen
2190:Sudan
2175:Libya
2148:Egypt
1978:Syria
1876:Syria
1826:Yemen
1593:Syria
1202:Syria
2153:Iraq
1938:Iraq
1851:Iraq
1388:Iraq
1085:Iraq
433:2023
410:2024
378:ISBN
327:2024
159:The
202:.
2918::
392:^
343:.
186::
167::
2074:*
1917:*
1236:*
1194:*
1151:*
1124:*
1066:*
1029:*
701:e
694:t
687:v
670:)
666:(
633:/
465:e
458:t
451:v
435:.
412:.
386:.
361:.
329:.
285:)
279:(
182:(
163:(
130:)
124:(
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