486:
216:
In the past, individual intelligence agencies had a significant degree of independence and generally reported directly to the president. Since 2023, Bureau is conducting a set of restructuring measures in the security services, including merging some branches. Main goal of changes is amending the
908:
2261:
2168:
1602:
1397:
185:
105:
57:
2266:
1259:
2932:
2410:
2251:
2210:
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2231:
930:
2445:
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2256:
2158:
189:
109:
61:
2163:
474:
17:
857:
2621:
329:
2937:
2502:
2117:
232:
217:
powers of intelligence services and withdrawing their presence in some state institutions and developing coordination among the agencies.
452:
2756:
2738:
742:
113:
2517:
2495:
2475:
2148:
733:
710:
631:
435:
304:
149:
2465:
2246:
2175:
614:
287:
132:
2606:
2585:
2435:
2131:
1265:
619:
2942:
2185:
2180:
674:
596:
867:
2636:
2575:
903:
467:
2706:
2671:
2236:
2661:
2616:
2362:
2329:
609:
309:
154:
2580:
2324:
1977:
1407:
559:
392:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2512:
2485:
2226:
1987:
2733:
2153:
1947:
1557:
663:
460:
2555:
925:
760:
678:
626:
299:
144:
2766:
2676:
2631:
1552:
795:
703:
582:
577:
877:
852:
832:
2560:
1517:
1467:
572:
482:
2701:
2666:
2626:
2507:
2205:
1885:
920:
507:
2879:
2872:
2691:
2611:
1860:
1841:
935:
658:
499:
370:"President al-Assad chairs a meeting for commanders of security apparatus in the army and armed forces"
206:
2761:
2570:
2383:
412:
2681:
2532:
1647:
1582:
1432:
1132:
696:
567:
539:
250:
2686:
2490:
2190:
2067:
1757:
1442:
1412:
790:
785:
546:
2716:
2522:
2052:
2032:
2022:
1972:
1777:
1752:
1687:
1592:
1527:
1472:
1427:
1127:
1032:
2308:
2195:
2047:
1997:
1772:
1567:
1547:
1370:
1320:
1181:
1112:
950:
816:
226:
1957:
1870:
1722:
1667:
1537:
1462:
1315:
1117:
268:
91:
8:
2367:
2072:
1915:
1782:
1737:
1707:
1692:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1497:
842:
512:
351:
2696:
2641:
2352:
2037:
2012:
1900:
1732:
1637:
1447:
1417:
1300:
1234:
1054:
893:
847:
837:
688:
244:
2527:
2062:
2027:
1967:
1797:
1612:
1577:
1507:
1502:
1482:
1437:
1280:
1064:
898:
388:
2815:
2805:
2565:
2042:
1792:
1787:
1677:
1657:
1642:
1452:
1422:
1340:
1310:
1305:
1224:
1037:
955:
862:
532:
205:
bureau which coordinates the work of Syria's intelligence agencies and advises the
2903:
2440:
2430:
2357:
2303:
1925:
1905:
1802:
1767:
1762:
1747:
1712:
1632:
1622:
1562:
1477:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1330:
1290:
1244:
1219:
1149:
1107:
1074:
719:
256:
202:
194:
175:
2897:
2820:
2450:
2082:
2017:
1962:
1910:
1875:
1817:
1812:
1627:
1617:
1542:
1492:
1360:
1295:
1285:
1239:
1159:
1122:
1102:
1059:
1027:
945:
940:
872:
780:
2926:
2840:
2835:
2455:
2007:
2002:
1895:
1827:
1807:
1727:
1682:
1672:
1572:
1487:
1350:
1335:
1229:
274:
210:
85:
2825:
2810:
2298:
2241:
1652:
1355:
1275:
1197:
1154:
1022:
1006:
1001:
811:
641:
605:
National
Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
2855:
2830:
2460:
2077:
1822:
1742:
1717:
1702:
1697:
1662:
1587:
1345:
1325:
1202:
1176:
525:
518:
262:
238:
2850:
2057:
1457:
436:"Syria war: Why did Assad restructure the military-security apparatus?"
291:
136:
2845:
915:
2601:
71:
653:
645:
369:
490:
485:
199:مكتب الأمن الوطني لحزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي – قطر سوريا
718:
413:"Syria's Intelligence Services: Origins and Development"
330:"Is al-Assad about to have his very own 'Sadat Moment'?"
209:. The current head of the National Security Bureau is
2446:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
2924:
931:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq
410:
281:
858:National Council for the Revolutionary Command
327:
2622:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria
704:
468:
433:
2409:
382:
2933:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
711:
697:
475:
461:
383:Kahana, Ephraim; Suwaed, Muhammad (2009).
2503:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
385:The A to Z of Middle Eastern Intelligence
2466:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
58:General Secretary of the Central Command
2607:Front of Patriotic and National Parties
2586:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
2436:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
14:
2925:
2518:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
406:
404:
2787:
2408:
2115:
976:
758:
692:
675:Syria and weapons of mass destruction
456:
2637:Palestinian National Salvation Front
2707:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party
2672:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
411:Andrew Rathmell (1 November 1996).
401:
198:
179:
24:
2757:General Federation of Trade Unions
2617:Lebanese National Resistance Front
2330:National Progressive Front (Syria)
610:Air Force Intelligence Directorate
344:
328:Ibrahim Hamidi (24 January 2024).
310:Air Force Intelligence Directorate
155:Air Force Intelligence Directorate
25:
2954:
2788:
2581:Palestine Liberation Organization
2325:National Progressive Front (Iraq)
1978:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
1408:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur
632:Military Intelligence Directorate
305:Military Intelligence Directorate
150:Military Intelligence Directorate
2938:Organization of the Ba'ath Party
2486:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
2116:
1390:Members of the Regional Commands
615:General Intelligence Directorate
484:
352:"Bashar al-Assad's inner circle"
288:General Intelligence Directorate
184:National Security Bureau of the
133:General Intelligence Directorate
18:National Security Bureau (Syria)
2734:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
868:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
664:Military Security Shield Forces
271:(9 July 2019 – 18 January 2024)
2556:Alliance of Palestinian Forces
977:
627:Political Security Directorate
434:Paul Khalifeh (17 July 2019).
427:
376:
362:
321:
300:Political Security Directorate
229:(27 March 1966 – 2 March 1969)
145:Political Security Directorate
13:
1:
2767:General Union of Syrian Women
2677:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
2632:Palestinian National Alliance
904:Revolutionary Command Council
796:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
583:Syrian Special Mission Forces
578:Syrian Public Security Police
415:. Journal of Conflict Studies
315:
2943:Syrian intelligence agencies
2576:National Democratic Alliance
2561:Forces of Freedom and Change
1558:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i
1518:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi
1468:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri
282:Syrian intelligence agencies
265:(25 July 2012 – 9 July 2019)
259:(9 June 2005 – 18 July 2012)
253:(21 June 2000 – 6 June 2005)
235:(November 1970 – March 1978)
220:
7:
2702:Social Democratic Unionists
2667:Arab Democratic Union Party
2363:National Defense Battalions
759:
721:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
277:(18 January 2024 – present)
114:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
10:
2959:
2880:On the Way of Resurrection
2873:The Battle for One Destiny
2662:Arab Socialist Union Party
2612:Lebanese National Movement
1842:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab
1553:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i
27:Syrian intelligence agency
2889:
2864:
2798:
2794:
2783:
2762:General Union of Peasants
2749:
2654:
2594:
2571:National Consensus Forces
2548:
2541:
2474:
2423:
2419:
2404:
2384:Revolutionary Youth Union
2376:
2345:
2338:
2317:
2291:
2219:
2141:
2130:
2126:
2111:
2096:
1986:
1946:
1939:
1884:
1859:
1852:
1836:
1601:
1396:
1389:
1258:
1212:
1190:
1169:
1142:
1095:
1088:
1047:
1015:
994:
987:
983:
972:
886:
825:
804:
773:
769:
754:
728:
672:
640:
595:
558:
498:
119:
101:
78:
67:
53:
45:
40:
35:
2712:Socialist Unionist Party
2682:Libyan National Movement
2508:Arabic Toilers' Movement
2412:Associated organizations
2272:National Security Bureau
2220:Syrian-dominated faction
1648:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
1583:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi
1433:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
1133:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
1048:Syrian-dominated faction
744:Syrian-dominated faction
568:Law enforcement in Syria
540:Syrian Air Defense Force
251:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
172:National Security Bureau
31:National Security Bureau
2687:National Covenant Party
2491:Arab Socialist Movement
2142:Iraqi-dominated faction
2068:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji
1758:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham
1443:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
1413:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun
1016:Iraqi-dominated faction
936:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
926:Union of Arab Republics
878:1966 Syrian coup d'état
853:1963 Syrian coup d'état
833:1954 Syrian coup d'état
791:Arab Socialist Movement
735:Iraqi-dominated faction
547:National Defence Forces
2717:Syrian Communist Party
2523:Palestinian Arab Front
2053:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
2033:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
2023:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
1973:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
1778:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
1753:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
1688:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
1593:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
1528:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi
1473:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1428:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah
1128:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1033:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
190:Syrian Regional Branch
129:Intelligence Agencies
110:Syrian Regional Branch
62:Syrian Regional Branch
2533:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
2048:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
1998:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1773:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
1568:Nayef Shindakh Thamer
1321:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1182:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
817:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
620:Internal Branch - 251
293:Internal Branch - 251
247:(1987 – 17 June 2000)
227:Abd al-Karim al-Jundi
138:Internal Branch - 251
2627:National Union Front
1958:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1916:Abdul Halim Khaddam
1871:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1723:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi
1668:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
1538:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi
1463:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1316:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1118:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1089:Regional Secretaries
786:Arab Ba'ath Movement
573:Ministry of Interior
269:Mohammed Dib Zaitoun
92:Abdel-Fatah Qudsiyeh
2750:Other organizations
2692:Popular Unity Party
2542:Political alliances
2073:Wael Nader al-Halqi
1940:Heads of government
1783:Abdul Qadir Qaddura
1738:Abdul Halim Khaddam
1708:Mohammad al-Hussein
1693:Wael Nader al-Halqi
1533:Taha Yassin Ramadan
1523:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan
1513:Ali Hassan al-Majid
1498:Latif Nassif Jassim
988:General Secretaries
921:Corrective Movement
843:1959 Mosul uprising
513:Syrian Armed Forces
508:Ministry of Defense
387:. Scarecrow Press.
32:
2642:Rejectionist Front
2038:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
2013:Nureddin al-Atassi
1901:Nureddin al-Atassi
1733:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
1638:Nureddin al-Atassi
1548:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1448:Salih Mahdi Ammash
1418:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil
1371:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1301:Nureddin al-Atassi
1235:Nureddin al-Atassi
1113:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1065:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1055:Nureddin al-Atassi
951:De-Ba'athification
894:17 July Revolution
848:Ramadan Revolution
838:14 July Revolution
659:Popular Committees
245:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
182:), officially the
30:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2655:Political parties
2650:
2649:
2528:Socialist Lebanon
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2287:
2286:
2133:Regional branches
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2063:Riyad Farid Hijab
2028:Mahmoud al-Ayyubi
1935:
1934:
1921:
1848:
1847:
1798:Hikmat al-Shihabi
1613:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1578:Hardan al-Tikriti
1508:Adnan Khayr Allah
1503:Rashid Taan Kazim
1438:Salah Omar al-Ali
1281:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1254:
1253:
1084:
1083:
1070:
968:
967:
964:
963:
686:
685:
438:. Middle East Eye
358:. 12 August 2012.
294:
207:General Secretary
180:مكتب الأمن الوطني
168:
167:
139:
94:, Deputy Director
79:Agency executives
36:مكتب الأمن الوطني
16:(Redirected from
2950:
2816:Arab nationalism
2806:Anti-imperialism
2796:
2795:
2785:
2784:
2566:March 8 Alliance
2546:
2545:
2478:
2477:Breakaway groups
2421:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2405:
2343:
2342:
2169:Regional Command
2139:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2112:
2043:Mahmoud Al-Zoubi
1990:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1917:
1888:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1793:Farouk al-Sharaa
1788:Hammouda Sabbagh
1678:Ibrahim al-Hadid
1658:Mahdi Dakhlallah
1643:Shibli al-Aysami
1605:
1453:Hussein Al-Awadi
1423:Saad Abdul-Majid
1400:
1394:
1393:
1341:Akram al-Hawrani
1311:Shibli al-Aysami
1306:Mansur al-Atrash
1268:
1267:National Command
1262:
1225:Shibli al-Aysami
1093:
1092:
1066:
1038:Salah Al-Mukhtar
992:
991:
985:
984:
974:
973:
956:Syrian civil war
863:Ar-Rashid revolt
771:
770:
763:
756:
755:
745:
736:
722:
713:
706:
699:
690:
689:
549:
542:
535:
533:Syrian Air Force
528:
521:
489:
488:
477:
470:
463:
454:
453:
448:
447:
445:
443:
431:
425:
424:
422:
420:
408:
399:
398:
380:
374:
373:
366:
360:
359:
348:
342:
341:
339:
337:
325:
292:
200:
181:
137:
33:
29:
21:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2908:
2904:Pan-Arab colors
2898:Arḍ ul-Furātayn
2885:
2860:
2790:
2771:
2745:
2646:
2590:
2537:
2496:Damascus branch
2476:
2470:
2441:Free Iraqi Army
2431:Al-Abud Network
2415:
2411:
2388:
2372:
2358:Fedayeen Saddam
2353:Ba'ath Brigades
2334:
2313:
2304:Sawt al-Jamahir
2283:
2262:Central Command
2215:
2132:
2122:
2118:
2099:
2088:
1988:
1982:
1948:
1931:
1926:Bashar al-Assad
1906:Ahmad al-Khatib
1886:
1880:
1861:
1844:
1832:
1803:Hammud al-Shufi
1768:Zuhair Masharqa
1763:Ibrahim Makhous
1748:Ahmad al-Khatib
1713:Hisham Ikhtiyar
1633:Rifaat al-Assad
1623:Bashar al-Assad
1603:
1597:
1563:Talib El-Shibib
1478:Saadoun Ghaidan
1398:
1385:
1381:Khaled Yashruti
1376:Talib El-Shibib
1366:Abdullah Rimawi
1331:Wahib al-Ghanim
1291:Bashar al-Assad
1266:
1260:
1250:
1245:Bashar al-Assad
1220:Hammud al-Shufi
1208:
1186:
1165:
1150:Abdullah Rimawi
1138:
1108:Talib El-Shibib
1080:
1075:Bashar al-Assad
1043:
1011:
979:
960:
882:
821:
800:
765:
761:
750:
743:
734:
724:
720:
717:
687:
682:
668:
636:
591:
560:Law enforcement
554:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
494:
493:security forces
483:
481:
451:
441:
439:
432:
428:
418:
416:
409:
402:
395:
381:
377:
368:
367:
363:
350:
349:
345:
335:
333:
326:
322:
318:
284:
257:Hisham Ikhtiyar
223:
186:Central Command
164:
161:
106:Central Command
97:
41:Agency overview
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Arab socialism
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2451:Jeish Muhammad
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2318:Popular fronts
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2136:
2124:
2123:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2083:Hussein Arnous
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Hafez al-Assad
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:Sa'dun Hammadi
1965:
1963:Saddam Hussein
1960:
1954:
1952:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1913:
1911:Hafez al-Assad
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1876:Saddam Hussein
1873:
1867:
1865:
1854:
1853:Heads of state
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1818:Muhammad Umran
1815:
1813:Hasan Turkmani
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1628:Hafez al-Assad
1625:
1620:
1618:Hussein Arnous
1615:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:Fuad al-Rikabi
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1493:Saddam Hussein
1490:
1485:
1483:Sa'dun Hammadi
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:Fuad al-Rikabi
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Hafez al-Assad
1293:
1288:
1286:Zaki al-Arsuzi
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1240:Hafez al-Assad
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1160:Akram al-Homsi
1157:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1125:
1123:Saddam Hussein
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1103:Fuad al-Rikabi
1099:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1062:
1060:Hafez al-Assad
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1030:
1028:Saddam Hussein
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
998:
996:
989:
981:
980:
970:
969:
966:
965:
962:
961:
959:
958:
953:
948:
946:Iraqi conflict
943:
941:Faith Campaign
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
912:
911:
901:
899:Ba'athist Iraq
896:
890:
888:
884:
883:
881:
880:
875:
873:1964 Hama riot
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
829:
827:
823:
822:
820:
819:
814:
808:
806:
802:
801:
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
777:
775:
767:
766:
752:
751:
749:
748:
739:
729:
726:
725:
716:
715:
708:
701:
693:
684:
683:
673:
670:
669:
667:
666:
661:
656:
650:
648:
638:
637:
635:
634:
629:
624:
623:
622:
612:
607:
601:
599:
593:
592:
590:
589:
588:
587:
586:
585:
570:
564:
562:
556:
555:
553:
552:
551:
550:
543:
536:
529:
522:
510:
504:
502:
496:
495:
480:
479:
472:
465:
457:
450:
449:
426:
400:
393:
375:
361:
343:
319:
317:
314:
313:
312:
307:
302:
297:
283:
280:
279:
278:
272:
266:
260:
254:
248:
242:
236:
230:
222:
219:
166:
165:
163:
162:
160:
159:
158:
157:
152:
147:
142:
126:
123:
121:
117:
116:
103:
99:
98:
96:
95:
89:
82:
80:
76:
75:
69:
65:
64:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
38:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2955:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:Republicanism
2839:
2837:
2836:Progressivism
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:Miscellaneous
2786:
2782:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:Rejectionists
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2110:
2098:* = incumbent
2095:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:Yusuf Zuayyin
2006:
2004:
2003:Amin al-Hafiz
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Amin al-Hafiz
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1828:Yusuf Zuayyin
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Mustafa Tlass
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Sami al-Jundi
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Amin al-Hafiz
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:Marwan Habash
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Khamis Sirhan
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Qusay Hussein
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:Zuheir Mohsen
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:Amin al-Hafiz
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:Amin al-Hafiz
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
993:
990:
986:
982:
975:
971:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
889:
885:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
828:
824:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
803:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
757:
753:
747:
746:
740:
738:
737:
731:
730:
727:
723:
714:
709:
707:
702:
700:
695:
694:
691:
680:
676:
671:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
649:
647:
643:
639:
633:
630:
628:
625:
621:
618:
617:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
600:
598:
594:
584:
581:
580:
579:
576:
575:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
563:
561:
557:
548:
544:
541:
537:
534:
530:
527:
523:
520:
516:
515:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
503:
501:
497:
492:
487:
478:
473:
471:
466:
464:
459:
458:
455:
437:
430:
414:
407:
405:
396:
394:9780810871571
390:
386:
379:
371:
365:
357:
353:
347:
331:
324:
320:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
295:
289:
286:
285:
276:
275:Kifah Moulhem
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:
218:
214:
212:
211:Kifah Moulhem
208:
204:
196:
192:
191:
187:
177:
173:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
140:
134:
131:
130:
128:
127:
125:
124:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
104:
102:Parent agency
100:
93:
90:
87:
86:Kifah Moulhem
84:
83:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
59:
56:
52:
49:27 March 1966
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
2896:
2878:
2871:
2811:Anti-Zionism
2424:Armed groups
2368:Popular Army
2346:Paramilitary
2271:
2119:Organization
1918:
1653:Muhsen Bilal
1356:Munif Razzaz
1276:Michel Aflaq
1198:Isam al-Qadi
1155:Munif Razzaz
1067:
1023:Michel Aflaq
1007:Munif Razzaz
1002:Michel Aflaq
812:Michel Aflaq
774:Predecessors
741:
732:
642:Paramilitary
604:
597:Intelligence
440:. Retrieved
429:
417:. Retrieved
384:
378:
364:
355:
346:
334:. Retrieved
332:. Al Majalla
323:
215:
203:Ba'ath Party
183:
171:
169:
120:Child agency
68:Headquarters
54:Jurisdiction
2856:Vanguardism
2831:Pan-Arabism
2461:Snake Party
2247:South Yemen
2078:Imad Khamis
1823:Salim Yasin
1743:Imad Khamis
1718:Salah Jadid
1703:Hilal Hilal
1698:Salim Hatum
1663:Ahmad Diyab
1588:Tahir Yahya
1346:Salah Jadid
1326:Elias Farah
1203:Rakad Salem
1177:Assem Qanso
781:Arab Ba'ath
526:Syrian Navy
519:Syrian Army
442:30 December
263:Ali Mamlouk
241:(1979–1987)
239:Ahmad Diyab
2927:Categories
2865:Literature
2851:Secularism
2739:in Lebanon
2292:Newspapers
2237:Mauritania
2191:Mauritania
2058:Adel Safar
1458:Tariq Aziz
1068:(de facto)
978:Leadership
887:Post-split
336:25 January
316:References
233:Naji Jamil
88:, Director
2890:Symbolism
2846:Saddamism
2826:Ba'athism
2309:Al-Thawra
2299:Al-Ba'ath
2242:Palestine
2196:Palestine
1919:(interim)
1191:Palestine
995:Pre-split
916:Arab Belt
826:Pre-split
221:Directors
2799:Ideology
2602:Ahd Bloc
805:Founders
679:Chemical
500:Military
356:BBC News
201:), is a
72:Damascus
2727:Unified
2722:Bakdash
2549:Current
2513:Al-Awda
2267:History
2232:Lebanon
2206:Tunisia
2181:Lebanon
2154:Bahrain
2149:Algeria
1264:of the
1261:Members
1170:Lebanon
909:Members
762:History
654:Shabiha
646:militia
188:of the
112:of the
108:of the
74:, Syria
60:of the
2595:Former
2227:Jordan
2176:Jordan
1143:Jordan
491:Syrian
419:10 May
391:
195:Arabic
176:Arabic
46:Formed
2697:Sawab
2377:Youth
2339:Wings
2279:Yemen
2257:Syria
2252:Sudan
2211:Yemen
2201:Sudan
2186:Libya
2159:Egypt
1989:Syria
1887:Syria
1837:Yemen
1604:Syria
1213:Syria
2164:Iraq
1949:Iraq
1862:Iraq
1399:Iraq
1096:Iraq
444:2023
421:2024
389:ISBN
338:2024
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