58:
187:
47:
25:
36:
305:. Many specialist medical services were excluded from the scheme, including anaesthesia, pathology, x-rays, venereal diseases, abortions, miscarriages and stillbirths. The health and pension insurance components (known as the Kinnear scheme after their author) were to be enacted separately to the unemployment insurance component.
359:
defending the substance of the scheme and stating that it was inevitable that it would be revived after the war. He stated "it will be my bill and my scheme – and no argument and no playing-of-politics can gainsay that". Casey told journalist Jack
Hetherington in 1964 that the decision to abandon the
102:
told federal parliament that "the more I think of it the more convinced I am that we must come ultimately to a form of national insurance which will give every man–the millionaire as well as the poor man–who has subscribed to his own insurance fund the right to receive that insurance, without taint
300:
The government's legislation was largely modelled on its
British equivalents and was drafted by British civil servants. However, unlike in the UK, administrative control over the scheme was to be vested in a National Insurance Commission. Its final form was largely due to financial considerations,
158:
into the House of
Representatives, which "provided for sickness, old age, disability and maternity benefits, mainly paid for by compulsory contributions by workers and employers, along with smaller payments to parents of children under 16 and to orphans". The legislation failed to pass before the
364:
in 1956 that “on my own personal initiative, I recommended to
Cabinet the withdrawal of the legislation for reasons that were connected with the quite obvious on-coming war”. Menzies recalled in later years that Casey had recommended to cabinet that the scheme be dropped to avoid political
142:, who became prime minister. In 1923, the new government announced plans for a comprehensive social services system that would "remove altogether the taint of pauperism". It subsequently established the Royal Commission on National Insurance under the chairmanship of Nationalist senator
163:, although the government heavily promoted the scheme during the election campaign. The scheme was postponed indefinitely the following year, prior to the government's parliamentary defeat on a no-confidence motion and defeat at
63:
A series of contemporary cartoons depicting (1) the Lyons government's initial adoption of the scheme, (2) contemporary criticisms of the scheme, (3) conflict within the government over the scheme, and (4) the scheme's ultimate
301:
with the legislation required the scheme to become self-financing as soon as possible. It ultimately included contributory schemes for sickness and disability, old-age pensions, payments for widows and orphans, and
312:(BMA) were largely in favour of a contributory health insurance scheme, the medical profession ultimately came into conflict with the government over the scheme. The initial conflict was over the size of the
280:
on a platform which included a national insurance scheme covering both old-age pensions and healthcare. The strongest advocates of national insurance within the UAP were treasurer
214:
An Act to provide for
Insurance against certain Contingencies affecting Employees, and the Wives, Children, Widows, and Orphans of Employees, and for other purposes.
78:
which would have provided medical, disability, unemployment and pension coverage to its contributors and their dependents. The scheme was passed into law by the
514:
106:
Advocates of greater federal government involvement in healthcare were divided between those who supported centralised public health services providing
126:'s platform included plans for a national insurance scheme covering "sickness, unemployment, poverty and age". After the election the party's leader
335:
was introduced to parliament on 4 May 1938. The government sought to insurance swift passage of the legislation, as it had suffered losses in the
855:
316:
fees payable to doctors, with general practitioners claiming they would have to increase their workload in order to maintain their income.
339:
at the previous election and wished to ensure passage before new opposition senators were seated on 1 July. Dissident
Country MPs, led by
396:
845:
285:
428:
360:
scheme was made “largely at Mr Lyons’ instigation, by reason of his belief that we could not finance it”. However, he wrote to
850:
143:
763:
553:
356:
277:
164:
160:
119:
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workers in remote areas from contribution requirements "where collecting contributions was deemed impracticable".
783:
National
Insurance: A Summary of the Principles of the Australian National Health and Pensions Insurance Act 1938
817:
798:
728:
309:
818:"Royal Commission on national insurance - Fourth and Final Report [1927] AURoyalC 1 (5 October 1927)"
135:
462:
75:
799:"Royal Commission on national insurance - First Progress Report [1925] AURoyalC 1 (10 June 1925)"
98:
scheme in
Australia before World War I, as it was seen as unfeasible. In 1911, deputy opposition leader
755:
398:
Safety net to poverty trap?: The twentieth-century origins of
Australia's uneven social security system
281:
540:
668:
Murphy, John (2013). "Conditional
Inclusion: Aborigines and Welfare Rights in Australia, 1900–47".
374:
273:
123:
340:
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194:
361:
269:
320:
265:
131:
107:
8:
496:
769:
759:
724:
581:
549:
336:
677:
261:
242:
95:
79:
429:"Myths of entitlement: a history of the Age Pension and the National Welfare Fund"
681:
302:
839:
344:
57:
773:
542:'Now is the Psychological Moment': Earle Page and the Imagining of Australia
186:
86:, but was abandoned the following year in order to divert funds to defence.
46:
289:
24:
751:
The Price of Health: Australian Governments and Medical Politics 1910-1960
749:
139:
99:
781:
205:
127:
130:, a trained surgeon and strong supporter of the scheme, entered into
35:
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was lukewarm towards the idea and many Country MPs were hostile.
252:
110:
and those who supported contributory insurance-based schemes.
395:
Thornton, Danielle; Bowman, Dina; Mallett, Shelley (2020).
688:
649:
603:
601:
599:
637:
625:
613:
596:
442:
408:
310:
Australian branches of the British Medical Association
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394:
146:, which ran from 7 September 1923 to 5 October 1927.
94:
There were few serious proposals for a comprehensive
562:
501:
The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate
476:
582:"National Health and Pensions Insurance Act 1938"
837:
179:National Health and Pensions Insurance Act 1938
84:National Health and Pensions Insurance Act 1938
515:"Royal Commissions and Commissions of Inquiry"
438:. Australian Parliamentary Library. p. 8.
404:. Brotherhood of St Laurence. pp. 10–11.
333:National Health and Pensions Insurance Bill
503:. Vol. 2. Melbourne University Press.
295:
185:
103:of pauperism or charity, in his old age".
747:
694:
655:
643:
631:
619:
607:
448:
414:
723:. Oxford University Press. p. 105.
355:In 1944, Richard Casey wrote to General
113:
494:
460:
154:In September 1928, Page introduced the
838:
786:. National Insurance Commission. 1938.
718:
706:
667:
482:
426:
568:
538:
856:1939 disestablishments in Australia
13:
791:
319:One provision of the act excluded
14:
867:
584:. Federal Register of Legislation
497:"Millen, John Dunlop (1877–1941)"
463:"Earle Page: an active treasurer"
846:1938 establishments in Australia
427:Arthur, Don (20 December 2021).
56:
45:
34:
23:
741:
712:
661:
574:
347:, secured several concessions.
719:Hudson, William James (1986).
532:
507:
488:
454:
436:Research Paper Series, 2021-22
420:
388:
16:Planned social security system
1:
670:Australian Historical Studies
381:
89:
851:Social security in Australia
682:10.1080/1031461X.2013.791707
521:. Parliament House, Canberra
350:
326:
149:
76:social security in Australia
7:
368:
170:
10:
872:
756:Cambridge University Press
548:. ANU Press. p. 175.
748:Gillespie, James (1991).
248:
238:
230:
222:
200:
193:
184:
177:
375:Social Security Act 1938
276:, was re-elected at the
274:Australian Country Party
74:was a planned system of
539:Wilks, Stephen (2020).
495:Bennett, Scott (2004).
341:Hubert Lawrence Anthony
296:Drafting and provisions
288:, while Prime Minister
195:Parliament of Australia
156:National Insurance Bill
461:Hawkins, John (2009).
270:United Australia Party
321:Indigenous Australian
278:1937 federal election
161:1928 federal election
120:1922 federal election
114:Bruce–Page government
284:and former minister
108:universal healthcare
822:www.austlii.edu.au
803:www.austlii.edu.au
472:(4). Treasury: 57.
72:National Insurance
697:, pp. 98–99.
658:, pp. 93–95.
286:Frederick Stewart
258:
257:
165:an early election
136:Nationalist Party
863:
832:
830:
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824:. 5 October 1927
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470:Economic Roundup
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357:Archibald Wavell
262:Lyons government
243:Lyons government
223:Assented to
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175:
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96:social insurance
80:Lyons government
60:
49:
38:
27:
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792:Further reading
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303:child endowment
298:
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805:. 10 June 1925
793:
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789:
788:
778:
764:
743:
740:
737:
736:
729:
711:
709:, p. 145.
699:
695:Gillespie 1991
687:
676:(2): 211–212.
660:
656:Gillespie 1991
648:
644:Gillespie 1991
636:
632:Gillespie 1991
624:
620:Gillespie 1991
612:
608:Gillespie 1991
595:
573:
571:, p. 176.
561:
554:
531:
519:www.aph.gov.au
506:
487:
475:
453:
449:Gillespie 1991
441:
419:
415:Gillespie 1991
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765:9780521523226
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754:. Cambridge:
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683:
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675:
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664:
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646:, p. 99.
645:
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621:
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555:9781760463687
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451:, p. 33.
450:
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416:
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377:(New Zealand)
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365:controversy.
363:
358:
348:
346:
345:Arthur Fadden
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338:
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308:Although the
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282:Richard Casey
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239:Introduced by
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124:Country Party
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26:
826:. Retrieved
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807:. Retrieved
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742:Bibliography
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673:
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639:
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586:. Retrieved
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523:. Retrieved
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485:, p. 8.
478:
469:
456:
444:
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397:
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354:
332:
330:
318:
307:
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290:Joseph Lyons
268:between the
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249:
204:
178:
155:
153:
117:
105:
93:
83:
71:
70:
64:abandonment.
707:Hudson 1986
483:Arthur 2021
266:a coalition
234:1 July 1947
226:5 July 1938
144:John Millen
140:S. M. Bruce
132:a coalition
100:Joseph Cook
840:Categories
828:2022-12-30
809:2022-12-30
730:0195547306
569:Wilks 2020
525:2022-12-30
382:References
314:capitation
206:Long title
128:Earle Page
90:Background
362:Fred Daly
351:Aftermath
327:Enactment
150:1928 bill
134:with the
774:49638492
369:See also
253:Repealed
231:Repealed
171:1938 act
250:Status:
118:At the
82:as the
772:
762:
727:
552:
337:Senate
138:under
122:, the
721:Casey
588:1 May
546:(PDF)
466:(PDF)
432:(PDF)
402:(PDF)
770:OCLC
760:ISBN
725:ISBN
590:2022
550:ISBN
343:and
331:The
272:and
260:The
678:doi
842::
820:.
801:.
768:.
758:.
674:44
672:.
598:^
517:.
499:.
468:.
434:.
264:,
167:.
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812:.
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680::
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528:.
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