1590:"Władek", kp. Cadet. NN "Zawisza" - son of a doctor from Lviv, the senior shooter "Wujek" - entrepreneur from Chełm region, shot NN "Zawadzki" and a few girls serving as nurses .. brigadier doctors were (Jewish) dr Juliusz Kamiński..In the Brigade served still at least a few Jewish soldiers and paramedics, including NN "Negri" (Widloch 1992: 44), shoot NN "Antoni" and shoot NN "Fryc" ... Jews in the NSZ branches often held responsible functions. Capt. Born- Bornstein..In the same group, there were also: two officers of the Jewish Military Union: Marian Rosenstof and Henryk Gumiński, who joined the assault team of one of the companies commanded by NSZ-ONR staff, and Calel Perechodnik and NN "Ryksiarz". In addition, at "Chrobry II", a large group of Jews used food in the field kitchen, which during the uprising did not have to hide anymore. In turn in the "Gozdawa" group, in the team commanded by Sgt. officer cadet. NSZ Tadeusz Niezabitowski "Lubicz", Jerzy Żmidrygier-Konopka "Poręba" - son of professor Zdzisław Żmidrygier-Konopka from the University of Warsaw fought. "Poreba" took part in many actions, and for a special courage, he was presented by the commander to be decorated with the Virtuti Militari cross and the Cross of Valor. He fell on August 25 in the ruins of the Bank of Poland. (Bojemski 2009: 251-253) Zofia Lipmann participated in the propaganda activities of NSZ during the uprising, and she was listening to foreign radio stations for the "Szaniec" editorial office. The same function in the editorial office of the insurgent NSZ "Żołnierz Starego Miasta" was held by Karolina Stefania Marek "Stefa", and the orderly in this editorial office was also a Jew named NN "Adam".
145:
623:
551:
658:"In the face of crossing of Polish borders by Soviet forces, the Polish Government in London and its Polish citizens living on the territory of Poland express their unwavering desire for the return of the sovereignty to the entire area of Poland within the Polish borders established prior to 1939 through the mutually-binding
866:
In 1992, acknowledging its contribution to the fight for Poland's sovereignty, Polish authorities recognized
National Armed Forces underground soldiers as war veterans. NSZ soldiers were rehabilitated, including some controversial ones, for instance, Mieczysław Pazderski, who in 1945 murdered almost
724:
We may condemn the
Germans for their bestial methods but we must not forget that Jewry was always and will remain a destructive element in our state organism. The liquidation of the Jews in the Polish territories is of great importance for future development because it frees us from a million-headed
1589:
The highest-ranking Jew in the structures of NSZ was Feliks
Pisarewski "Parry" ... Another relatively high-ranking officer of Jewish origin in the NSZ hierarchy was Stanisław Ostwind vel Zuzga ps. "Kropidło" ... Aleksandr (Eliasz) Szandcer ... sh Jankiel Kleinman "Jasio", cadet. Władysław Hajutin
780:
According to other sources, many
National Armed Forces soldiers and their families are credited with having saved Jews, including such noted ones as Maria Bernstein, Leon Goldman, Jonte Goldman, and Dr. Turski. The National Armed Forces did have Jews in its ranks, including
682:. Reportedly, communist partisans engaged in planting false evidence, such as documents and forged receipts at the sites of their own robberies, in order to blame the NSZ. It was a method of political warfare practiced against the NSZ also by the
702:
The solution of the Jewish question is almost as important for the future of our nation as the regaining of independence. The loss of independence and the continuation of Jewish presence in Poland are both an equal danger of slow death for the
743:
against the Soviet takeover of Poland, many Jews who were part of communist groups were killed by the
National Armed Forces. In Warsaw, the National Armed Forces killed Jerzy Makowiecki and Ludwik Widerszal, two Polish
593:
In March 1944 the NSZ split, with the more moderate faction coming under the command of the AK. The other part became known as the NSZ-ZJ (the Lizard Union). This branch of the NSZ conducted operations against Polish
1661:
Sprawozdanie
Komisji Kultury i Środków Przekazu o poselskim projekcie uchwały w związku z 70. rocznicą powstania Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych (Report of the Commission of Culture and Media on the new bill proposal)
951:
937:
1678:
Uchwała Sejmu
Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w związku z 70. rocznicą powstania Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych (An Act of Parliament on the 70th Anniversary of the Creation of National Armed Forces)
1842:
1089:
909:
The role of NSZ and its relations with the Jews remains a controversial topic in modern Poland. The 2012 Sejm declaration has been criticized by former Polish Prime
Minister
1847:
538:
and conducted fratricidal fights with other Polish partisan units. From 1944 to 1946, the NSZ fought as part of the anti-communist resistance, including after the postwar
1699:
785:, Wiktor Natanson, Captain Roman Born-Bornstein (chief physician of the Chrobry II unit), Jerzy Zmidygier-Konopka, Feliks Pisarewski-Parry, Eljahu (Aleksander) Szandcer (
898:", or anti-communist partisans, was not discussed much in Poland. By the 2000s however, the cult of "cursed soldiers" gained prominence. In 2012, the Polish Parliament (
465:
1065:
944:
1452:
1163:
1646:
The Jews and the "Disavowed
Soldiers", AUGUST GRABSKI (translated from Polish by Gunnar Paulsson), in Antony Polonsky, Hanna Węgrzynek, and Andrzej Żbikowski,
654:, which they deemed "ancient Slavic lands". The General Directive Nr. 3 of the National Armed Forces General Command, L. 18/44 from January 15, 1944, reads:
863:
in northeast Poland, in which ethnic
Belarusian Polish citizens were attacked; 79 were killed. The National Armed Forces were officially dissolved in 1947.
1480:
1437:
958:
752:
said that the doctrine of the National Armed Forces was primarily the elimination of what they considered to be Communist bands. According to sociologist
666:, as well as by the declarations of the Allied governments which did not concede to any territorial changes that took place in Poland after August 1939."
740:
1663:
Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Kadencja VII, Sprawozdanie Stenograficzne z 25. posiedzenia Sejmu, pp. 123–125. PDF file, direct download 1.07 MB.
1857:
1867:
1419:
1214:
458:
1322:"Collaboration in a "Land without a Quisling": Patterns of Cooperation with the Nazi German Occupation Regime in Poland during World War II"
763:
to deliver to the Germans. In Radom, the National Armed Forces cooperated with the Germans towards that goal in 1943–1944. According to the
770:
144:
1624:
574:). At its maximum strength in 1943–44, the NSZ reached between 70,000 and 75,000 members, making it the third-largest organization of the
1139:
1660:
575:
1040:
756:, these attacks later "became more focused on individual Jews who were placed in highly visible positions of authority in the PRL ".
451:
860:
698:
The National Armed Forces (though not uniformly) did not accept Jews in their ranks, and expressed explicit anti-semitic sentiment.
428:
169:
1582:
1402:
1298:
1198:
1016:
683:
1804:
235:
48:
821:
759:
In some districts, the National Armed Forces actively pursued Jews. Some units of the National Armed Forces were on the
559:
423:
1233:
1540:
1395:
Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947
1243:
1235:
Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947
434:
149:
126:
1530:
1114:
1090:"Walczyli o Polskę bez komunizmu i... zawarli układ z Niemcami. Dla Brygady Świętokrzyskiej to było "mniejsze zło""
884:
753:
1164:"Sejm uczcił Narodowe Siły Zbrojne. W uchwale znalazła się Brygada Świętokrzyska, która kolaborowała z III Rzeszą"
1862:
883:
in 1942. Members of the Sejm who supported the resolution pointed out that NSZ members became the most obstinate
284:
179:
1837:
1503:
567:
515:
At the end of the war, some units and structures of this organization supposedly cooperated with the Nazis and
349:
1632:(Great hunt: the persecutions of AK soldiers in the People's Republic of Poland), last accessed on 7 June 2006
1606:
765:
678:(AL). After the war, former NSZ members were persecuted by the newly installed communist government of the
809:
520:
255:
1066:"Prof. Friszke: Gdy więźniowie Dachau czekali na egzekucję, Brygada Świętokrzyska piła szampana z Gestapo"
1852:
679:
670:
During the war, the NSZ fought the Polish communists, including their military organizations such as the
539:
493:
369:
79:
913:. Several members of parliament criticized the bill and walked out of a related commemorative ceremony.
1616:
1495:
1457:
1140:"Lekcja historii dla premiera Morawieckiego, czyli jak Brygada Świętokrzyska NSZ trzech Żydów spotkała"
535:
390:
205:
164:
993:
802:
1700:"Miller o NSZ: sojusznicy Hitlera. Poseł PiS: tylko ktoś chory z nienawiści może pisać takie głupoty"
230:
174:
1677:
988:
774:
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379:
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58:
359:
302:
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210:
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643:
225:
200:
328:
1474:
651:
395:
215:
1017:"Jak walczyło NSZ: próby współpracy z Niemcami, rabunki, ataki na AK. Publikujemy dokumenty"
965:
794:), Dr. Kaminski, a physician who served in an NSZ unit led by Captain Władysław Kolaciński (
1397:. Jefferson (Carolina del Norte, Estados Unidos): McFarland & Company. pp. 95–96.
8:
687:
583:
856:"Bartek," were lured into a trap and massacred by communist military and police forces.
492:
Narodowe Siły Zbrojne) was a Polish right-wing underground military organization of the
1359:
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364:
323:
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and, after negotiating a ceasefire with the Germans, moved into the Nazi-controlled
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663:
603:
240:
111:
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period. In the fall of 1946, 100-200 soldiers of an NSZ unit under the command of
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978:
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The Doomed soldiers - Polish Underground Soldiers 1944-1963 - The Untold Story
1831:
1466:
1355:
1347:
1293:. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York, N.Y.: Palgrave. p. 153.
910:
787:
690:(MO) right after the war, as revealed by communist Poland's court documents.
383:
342:
316:
1785:
879:
passed a bill in 2012 commemorating the 70th anniversary of the creation of
749:
558:
The NSZ was created on September 20, 1942, as a result of the merger of the
868:
849:
829:
675:
639:
635:
599:
528:
501:
497:
405:
68:
1800:
Official website of the Association of the National Armed Forces Soldiers
524:
1748:
1469:. Archived from the original on 2012-03-24 – via Internet Archive.
1363:
1290:
In the Shadow of the Polish Eagle: The Poles, the Holocaust, and Beyond
1041:"Brygada świętokrzyska. Hitlerowscy kolaboranci na sztandarach prawicy"
297:
902:) passed a bill commemorating the 70th anniversary of the creation of
1822:
1288:
888:
845:
828:, where the brigade liberated prisoners from a concentration camp in
760:
745:
634:
The NSZ's program included the fight for Polish independence against
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277:
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Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939-1947
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1817:
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Nacjonalizmy różnych narodów - book chapter by Wojciech Muszyński
825:
516:
1724:
611:
1648:
New Directions in the History of the Jews in the Polish Lands
1426:. Trybuna Online. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
647:
245:
1264:
1262:
1673:
1268:
Gontarczyk, Piotr, PPR - Droga do władzy 1941-1944" pg. 347
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899:
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824:. It resumed operations against the Nazis on 5 May 1945 in
607:
550:
1622:
Wielkie polowanie: Prześladowania akowców w Polsce Ludowej
1420:"Alina Cała stwiedza: NSZ zabiły więcej Żydów niż Niemców"
1259:
1190:
Leksykon historii Polski po II wojnie światowej 1944-1997
844:", and their families were persecuted during the postwar
832:, including 280 Jewish women prisoners slated for death.
1115:"Mogą żyć, byle nie u nas... Propaganda NSZ wobec Żydów"
16:
Polish anti-Soviet nationalist paramilitary organization
1843:
Military units and formations of Poland in World War II
916:
1799:
871:, and who was awarded two medals by Polish president
777:
were directly murdered by the National Armed Forces.
739:
From November 1944 to mid-1947, during the period of
1848:
Polish underground organisations during World War II
1680:
by Marshal of the Sejm Ewa Kopacz. PDF file, direct
1411:
1216:Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies
630:, the first commander of the National Armed Forces
1577:(in Polish). Księgarnia Akademicka. p. 140.
1417:
1180:
693:
554:Territorial structure and organization of the NSZ
1829:
1603:Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust
1479:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1436:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1187:Hanna Konopka; Adrian Konopka (1 January 1999).
887:and hate propaganda by security apparatus under
662:and reaffirmed by the general principles of the
1450:
527:) and supposedly committed crimes motivated by
1453:"Cała: "Polacy jako naród nie zdali egzaminu""
1370:
459:
1725:"Sejm czci wyklętych. Część posłów wychodzi"
1528:
748:officers of Jewish origin. Polish historian
808:In January 1945, the National Armed Forces
508:. There were also cases of fights with the
1640:
1638:
1529:Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan (20 August 2004).
1392:
1231:
466:
452:
1775:
1562:
1444:
1337:
1319:
859:Some of the NSZ were responsible for the
1653:
621:
564:Organizacja Wojskowa Związek Jaszczurczy
549:
1635:
1227:
1225:
1858:Anti-communist organisations in Poland
1830:
1823:National Armed Forces Historical Brief
1749:"Posłowie uczcili pamięć członków NSZ"
1666:
1659:Piotr Babinetz, Member of Parliament,
1418:Bartosz Machalica (28 February 2016).
1286:
1232:Piotrowski, Tadeusz (20 August 1998).
1193:(in Polish). Graf-Punkt. p. 130.
761:lookout for Jews hiding in the forests
648:prewar eastern territories and borders
614:, and their own (NSZ) former leaders.
1868:Polish resistance during World War II
1694:
1692:
1610:
1282:
1280:
1278:
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684:Ministry of Public Security of Poland
652:former German territories to the west
534:Most NSZ units did not submit to the
1222:
1011:
1009:
917:Commandants of National Armed Forces
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952:Stanisław Nakoniecznikoff-Klukowski
938:Stanisław Nakoniecznikoff-Klukowski
822:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
617:
13:
1769:
1689:
1605:, edited by Richard Lukas, pg 22.
1509:
1271:
560:Military Organization Lizard Union
14:
1879:
1811: (archived November 27, 2003)
1793:
1571:Nationalisms of different nations
1213:David Cesarani, Sarah Kavanaugh.
1006:
816:) retreated before the advancing
586:). NSZ units participated in the
1780:(2nd ed.). Warszawa: Głos.
840:Members of the NSZ, like other "
730:National Armed Forces newspaper
708:National Armed Forces newspaper
143:
1776:Siemaszko, Zbigniew S. (1985).
1741:
1717:
1595:
1556:
1487:
1386:
1320:Friedrich, Klaus-Peter (2005).
1313:
741:armed anti-communist insurgency
1207:
1156:
1132:
1121:(in Polish). 20 September 2017
1107:
1082:
1058:
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694:National Armed Forces and Jews
568:National Military Organization
376:Non-integrated but recognizing
350:National Military Organization
1:
1517:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
968:(August 1945 – February 1947)
861:1946 pacification of villages
769:, Polish Jews who had sought
766:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
650:, while regaining additional
572:Narodowa Organizacja Wojskowa
303:National Security Corps (PKB)
89:
1563:Muszyński, Wojciech (2012).
1451:Piotr Zychowicz (May 2009).
1393:Piotrowski, Tadeusz (2007).
961:(October 1944 – August 1945)
926:(September 1942 – June 1943)
810:Holy Cross Mountains Brigade
521:Holy Cross Mountains Brigade
500:, NSZ troops fought against
496:operating from 1942. During
7:
1601:Antonin Bohun Dabrowski in
972:
894:In the 1990s the topic of "
867:200 Ukrainian villagers in
642:. Its goal was to keep the
370:Confederation of the Nation
150:History of Poland 1939–1945
10:
1884:
1219:Routledge, 2004, page 119.
947:(July 1944 – October 1944)
933:(August 1943 – April 1944)
835:
771:shelter among ethnic Poles
545:
536:Polish government-in-exile
391:Jewish Combat Organization
1650:, Academic Studies Press.
1552:– via Google Books.
1255:– via Google Books.
101:
96:
85:
74:
64:
54:
44:
36:
28:
23:
1424:Interview for Trybuna.eu
999:
989:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
940:(April 1944 – July 1944)
875:. The Polish Parliament
680:Polish People's Republic
540:Polish People's Republic
59:Polish Underground State
40:20 September 1942 - 1947
1706:(in Polish). 2012-11-12
1047:(in Polish). 2017-10-02
994:Stanisław Ostwind-Zuzga
803:Stanisław Ostwind-Zuzga
638:as well as against the
602:and secret police, the
519:(as in the case of the
360:Camp of Fighting Poland
192:Political organizations
1863:Antisemitism in Poland
737:
721:
668:
644:Second Polish Republic
631:
555:
293:Armed Resistance (ZWZ)
273:Military organizations
226:Camp of National Unity
201:Polish Socialist Party
78:Closely linked to the
49:German-occupied Poland
1838:National Armed Forces
1805:Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
1778:Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
904:Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
885:target of repressions
881:Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
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718:, 24–5 September 1993
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479:National Armed Forces
396:Jewish Military Union
355:National Armed Forces
261:Polish Workers' Party
256:National Radical Camp
246:Betar (Zionist youth)
30:Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
24:National Armed Forces
1493:Tadeusz Piotrowski,
1287:Cooper, Leo (2000).
773:after escaping from
335:Partially integrated
285:Service for Poland's
1676:(9 November 2012),
1619:, 02.10.04 Nr 232,
1535:. Lexington Books.
1496:Poland's Holocaust.
945:Tadeusz Jastrzębski
734:, no. 3, March 1943
688:Milicja Obywatelska
596:communist activists
584:Bataliony Chlopskie
506:communist partisans
424:Cultural activities
1853:National Democracy
1627:2007-12-19 at the
966:Stanisław Kasznica
959:Zygmunt Broniewski
754:Tadeusz Piotrowski
632:
566:) and part of the
556:
494:National Democracy
365:Pomeranian Griffin
329:Peasant Battalions
324:Gwardia Ludowa WRN
236:Jewish Labour Bund
80:National Democracy
1753:PolskieRadio24.pl
1682:download 20.0 KB.
1584:978-83-7638-132-9
1404:978-0-7864-2913-4
1381:The Eagle Unbowed
1300:978-0-333-99262-3
1200:978-83-87988-08-1
783:Calel Perechodnik
576:Polish resistance
542:was established.
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435:History of Poland
309:Mostly integrated
137:Underground State
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873:Lech Wałęsa
712:, cited in
578:(after the
525:Hubert Jura
159:Authorities
1832:Categories
1758:2020-01-07
1734:2020-01-07
1710:2020-01-07
1519:, p. 1032.
1504:0786429135
1306:2019-08-13
1173:2020-01-07
1149:2020-01-07
1125:2020-01-07
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1094:naTemat.pl
1075:2020-01-07
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401:Opposition
298:Gray Ranks
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55:Allegiance
1548:20 August
1467:0208-9130
1383:, p. 550.
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1348:2325-7784
1251:20 August
1021:oko.press
906:in 1942.
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846:Stalinist
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725:parasite.
600:partisans
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510:Home Army
429:Education
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1625:Archived
1432:cite web
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973:See also
818:Red Army
732:Barykada
728:—
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626:Colonel
127:a series
125:Part of
1807:at the
1364:3649910
836:Postwar
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775:ghettos
710:Szaniec
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337:with
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32:(NSZ)
1782:OCLC
1674:Sejm
1672:The
1579:ISBN
1550:2019
1537:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1481:link
1463:ISSN
1438:link
1399:ISBN
1352:ISSN
1295:ISBN
1253:2019
1240:ISBN
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1119:Więź
900:Sejm
877:Sejm
799:Zbik
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686:and
610:and
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