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liberties. Hence, specific postulates did not at first aim at overthrow, but at a significant reform of the system towards the restitution of democratic values. Among the classic postulates were: the reform of electoral law to the Sejm and Senate, as well as a broad programme of social and economic transformations, which was characterised by a return to democratic models shaped on the basis of the actual application of the provisions of the March
Constitution (inter alia, fully democratic electoral law, respect for the law and civic freedoms, radical defence of the rule of law and independence of the judiciary, criticism of nationalist and totalitarian tendencies likely to destabilise the state). The personification of the party's values and political programme thus became a citizen enjoying freedom and the achievements of the democratic system, honouring the basic communal value of labour, the creator of state power.
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combination of a pluralistic state formula and democratic socio-economic relations. Postulates such as economic equality and social justice were to become the driving forces behind the proposed form of political and social itre. The
Republic of Poland was perceived as an entity existing between western neo-democracies and itotalisms, hence the necessity to create a new order became the content facing the imperative of defending sovereignty. Thus, through the ideology of social egalitarianism, welfare and respect for the fundamental rights of the individual realised in a democratic republic, based on a five-part electoral law, the independence of the judiciary and the presidential system (the head of state, characterised by a superior role, appeared as a systemic bond), the realisation of a kind of third way was proposed as a developmental option for peacetime.
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party discipline and uniformity, ensuring that the party, despite its name and pre-war alignment, would be a loyal part of the communist government, as a "token" liberal faction. Despite the marked predominance of crypto-communist members, there was also a liberal-democratic wing active in the SD, represented among others by Kraków activists such as Adam Krzyżanowski and Jerzy
Langrod. They criticised the industrialisation carried out according to Soviet models, expressed a friendly attitude to the PSL, and attacked the new, pseudo-democratic electoral law. The Katowice SD organisation took a similar stance, verbalising its position on, among other things, an autonomous electoral list before the 1947 election to the Legislative Sejm, and officially defending the honour of Home Army soldiers, many of whom were incorporated into the Party's work in Silesia.
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Democratic
Society, the party also indicated a broader than class-based basis for activity. The document's provisions postulated a system ensuring democracy in politics, socio-economic affairs and culture. The party system was to be characterised by such values as pluralism, egalitarianism and mutual recognition of powers. The new regime was to guarantee the rule of law and civil liberties, such as freedom of conscience and religion, resulting in a stable rule of law. In a programmatic nod to its own pre-war tradition, labour was seen as the basis of wealth, which in an unforced way coincided with one of the conclusions of the new power's making the working masses the formal sovereign. The basis of foreign policy was seen in cooperation and friendship with the Soviet Union.
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number of members of the party's structures was gradually decreasing: from 140,000 in 1945, only 48,000 remained four years later, which, given the conditions in which it operated, i.e. the de facto omnipotence of the communist party and the intensive totalisation of socio-political life, was regarded as a nevertheless relatively satisfactory result. However, democratic activists with a desire for social reform, who clearly articulated political independence and democratic subjectivity, were gradually leaving the party, despite the party constituting a relatively safe refugee from political persecution.
2171:[Alliance of Democrats (SD). After the war, it was transformed into a political party satellite to the monoparty PZPR. The breakthrough moment for the Alliance of Democrats in post-war Poland should be considered the decisions of August 1989, when the SD authorities responded positively to the appeal of Lech Wałęsa and decided to form a government coalition with "Solidarity" (and with the ZSL), and co-founded Tadeusz Mazowiecki's government (September 1989-December 1990). However, after 1991, the importance of the grouping diminished, introducing single MPs in subsequent elections (1997 and 2001).
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government of the
Republic of Poland in exile. The ideological declaration, published in September of that year, defined Poland as a country torn between two aggressors; hence the totalitarian Soviet ideology was considered equivalent to Nazism and characterised as criminal and alien to the Polish mentality. The majority of SD members found a place in the structures of the Polish Underground State, such as the Union for Armed Struggle (ZWZ) and later the Home Army (AK), also holding positions of responsibility there.
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peasants. The party also proposed the development of co-operatives and the "decartelisation" of the market. The party also endorsed the concept of a "third way" between capitalism and socialism. After 1989, the party described its ideology as one that includes "both elements of the social teachings of the Church and the tenets of social democracy" and that "as a party of effective people, we want to appeal to our electorate, which consists of private businessmen, craftsmen and the intelligentsia".
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parliamentarism and bureaucracy. It is impossible not to notice internal contradictions in such a construction. However, given the nature of the Polish political scene at the time and the measure of the opposition's actual influence on the activities of the post-May camp, such inconsistencies should be seen as an attempt to reconcile with the realities of the political system the elements of its own tradition of democratic overtones related to its political roots.
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2098:[Two days before the Congress, SD chairman Aleksander Mackiewicz spoke about its tasks at a press conference. "With 80,000 members, the SD is the largest party in Poland next to the PSL" and has a "universal programme" that includes "both elements of the Church's social teaching and the tenets of social democracy".]
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orientation. Nevertheless, the party did adopt socialism in its programmatic declaration, stating: "The
Alliance of Democrats, seeing in the perspective of socialist Poland the foundations of its full state sovereignty and the conditions for its economic, social and cultural progress, would accompany
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After the outbreak of the Second World War, the
Alliance of Democrats, like other political groupings, was subject to a process of temporary disintegration. After its reactivation in autumn 1940 and the adoption of the clandestine code name 'Rectangle', the party gave unequivocal support to the legal
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The "socialization" of SD had the effect of reducing the social base, traditionally made up of intelligentsia circles and a growing group of craftsmen, who sought to find in the party an expression of their interests, increasingly threatened by the growing oppressiveness of the political system. The
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After the end of World War II, the leadership of the party was infiltrated by ideological communists, and included former activists supportive of the Soviet Union - the party was used as a tool of legitimacy of the newly established
Communist Poland. Soviet-aligned officials started enforcing strict
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The political programme promulgated during the occupation had the unmistakable mark of synthesising pre-war experience and taking into account the geopolitical conditions changed by the outbreak of war. Thus, in April 1943, the SD proclaimed a vision of so-called integral democracy intended to be a
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connected to, among others, with the Union for the Repair of the
Republic, as well as from the left-wing part of the Union of Work for State "Legion of the Young" and socially radical intelligentsia and youth groups. The national founding convention of the Alliance of Democrats was held on 15 April
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Stronnictwo
Demokratyczne (SD). Po wojnie zostało przekształcone w stronnictwo polityczne satelickie wobec monopartyjnego PZPR. Momentem przełomowym Stronnictwa Demokratycznego w powojennej Polsce należy uznać decyzje z sierpnia 1989 r., w której to władze SD pozytywnie odpowiedziały na apel Lecha
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Due to the financial considerations required under the Polish political system, parties need to have sufficient funding to finance large-scale campaigns if they are new or have recently obtained under 3% of voters' support. The Democratic Party possessed a large number of properties, which made it
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The Party was officially established in April 1939 at the All-Polish Founding Assembly (1st Congress) in Warsaw. The political line of the new grouping was determined by the political metrics of its leading activists and disagreement with the evolution of the "May Revolution" system limiting civil
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The Alliance of Democrats has its origins in the Democratic Clubs, which were opposed to authoritarian and nationalistic tendencies in the Second Republic of Poland between the two World Wars (1919–1939). The first club was founded in Warsaw in September 1937, and by 1938 there were clubs in
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The party incorporates liberal, social democratic and left-wing elements, which also resulted in the willigness of the party to work with the trade union movement. The party promotes state interventionism and economic planning and calls for land reform in the interests of smallholder and landless
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Dwa dni przed Kongresem o jego zadaniach wypowiadał się na konferencji prasowej przewodniczący SD Aleksander Mackiewicz. „SD z 80 tysiącami członków jest największą obok PSL partią w Polsce" i ma „uniwersalny program", który zawiera „zarówno elementy nauki społecznej Kościoła, jak i założenia
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In January 1946, the SD announced its official, post-war program. It expressed the will to base political self-identification on the communist PWKN manifesto, but by making direct reference to the reformist tradition of the Great Sejm, the Kościuszko Uprising or the activities of the Polish
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system of Sanacja and Józef Piłsudski. Thus the party was regarded as a representative of "progressive Piłsudskism", a notable expression of which was the acceptance of a presidential republic where the head of state was the most important element, harmonising the so-called excesses of
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all major urban centres, with active participation of the co-founders of Polish independence, whose primary objective was ensuring a fully democratic political system in Poland. The group's founders came from the democratic circles of former legionaries, peasant activists, left-wing
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Wałęsy i postanowiły utworzyć koalicje rządową z „Solidarnością" (oraz z ZSL), a także współtworząc rząd Tadeusza Mazowieckiego (wrzesień 1989-grudzień 1990). Jednak po 1991 r. znaczenie ugrupowania malało, wprowadzając w kolejnych wyborach (1997 i 2001) pojedynczych posłów.
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the working masses on their march towards socialism." The theses of Marxian dialectics were also introduced into the party decalogue, raising the view of the final end of capitalism and the beginning of the era of socialism.
186:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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1939. The Declaration of Policy included such issues as improvement of the national economy, a development plan to raise the level of education, and modernisation of the armed forces.
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W kwestiach gospodarczych i społecznych program SD był eklektyczny, zawierając w sobie zarówno pierwiastki liberalne, socjaldemokratyczne, jak i radykalnie lewicowe.
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was proclaimed a national holiday, the state again assumed "Republic of Poland" as its name, and an eagle wearing a crown was restored as the national emblem.
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election list but were supported by SD received 0.0031% of the popular vote. The Party was to announce its new political programme at its XXVI Congress.
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possible to finance several political campaigns after sale of these properties. The value of its assets is estimated at PLN 65 to 250 million, as the
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2073:[On economic and social issues, the SD's programme was eclectic, incorporating both liberal, social democratic and radical leftist elements.]
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Despite the democratic vision of the party, the party itself was governed in an authoritarian manner and principally agreed with the
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Powstałe Stronnictwo Demokratyczne lokowało się po lewej, postępowej stronie sceny politycznej w ostrej kontrze do obozu rządzącego.
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Przemiany ustrojowe a funkcjonowanie Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w systemie bezpieczeństwa państwa w latach 1989–2004
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as the actual government of Poland. In 1945, following the Red Army seizure of Poland, two members of the Association,
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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party. Initially formed in 1937, the party underwent a revival in 2009, when it was joined by liberal politician
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1791, should become a national holiday, as it had always been for the Alliance of Democrats. After
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Politeja: Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2126:"W okowach "demokratycznego centralizmu" - przypadek Stronnictwa Demokratycznego w PRL"
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2163:(in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. p. 167.
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1392:, Alliance did not register any lists but three candidates who were enlisted on the
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as the Prime Minister. Three Alliance members were nominated to governmental posts:
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At their 12th Convention in 1981, the Alliance put forward proposals to establish a
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In 1989, representatives of the Alliance of Democrats participated actively in the
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During World War II, a significant number of Alliance members were involved in the
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After 1990, most of the members of the SD joined other parties, such as the
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was declared in Poland in 1981, a group of MPs representing the Alliance,
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as the Domestic Market Minister and as the Minister of Communications,
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1193:, aimed at eliminating non-communist Polish political leadership.
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After 2009, new politicians joined the party, such as centrist-
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2093:(in Polish). Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski. p. 675.
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2195:(in Polish). Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski. p. 27.
2069:(in Polish). Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski. p. 27.
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1125:, was appointed as the first party leader of the Alliance.
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2286:"Wybory 2011 - Geografia - Okręg wyborczy do Sejmu nr 36"
2236:"Wybory 2011 - Geografia - Okręg wyborczy do Sejmu nr 19"
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Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence
2261:"Wybory 2011 - Geografia - Okręg wyborczy do Sejmu nr 6"
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italic font – electoral alliances and/or popular fronts
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Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
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Ideologia partii odnosiła się poziomu centrolewicowych.
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Political parties and political associations in Poland
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The party's ideology referred to centre-left values.
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Fall of Communism and post-communist era (1989–2009)
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1308:, formed a coalition, supporting the government of
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a machine-translated version of the Polish article.
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3036:Organisation of the Polish Nation – Polish League
1224:). Even so, the party managed to sustain its non-
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3879:
3518:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
3374:Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition
2955:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
1212:SD became a "satellite" party of the communist
1203:
3379:Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction
2344:(in Polish). Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski.
2338:Historia Stronnictwa Demokratycznego 1980-1991
2311:"AKTUALNOŚCI | Stronnictwo Demokratyczne"
2189:Historia Stronnictwa Demokratycznego 1980-1991
2087:Historia Stronnictwa Demokratycznego 1980-1991
2063:Historia Stronnictwa Demokratycznego 1980-1991
204:accompanying your translation by providing an
166:Click for important translation instructions.
153:expand this article with text translated from
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1368:group consisting of three members (including
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365:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
1419:list, but they had not won any seats in the
1200:The London faction ceased to exist in 1945.
2990:Jurassic-Silesian Association European Home
216:{{Translated|pl|Stronnictwo Demokratyczne}}
3853:****: not currently registered as a party
3658:Movement for the Republic – Patriotic Camp
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1216:(PZPR) regime (similar parties existed in
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3501:Centre Agreement – Integrative Initiative
3490:Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"
3114:Social Movement of the Republic of Poland
3010:National Party of Retirees and Pensioners
2965:Edward Gierek's Economic Revival Movement
2334:
2328:
2185:
2141:
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2059:
1280:among them, voted against abolishing the
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
3533:Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action
1425:
1189:and tried in the Stalinist-orchestrated
1175:Provisional Government of National Unity
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3725:Polish Confederation – Dignity and Work
3678:Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms
3561:Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union
3424:Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth
3349:Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie"
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14:
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3081:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
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3908:Political parties established in 1937
3648:Movement for Reconstruction of Poland
3476:Agreement for the Future – CenterLeft
3225:Communist Party of Western Belorussia
2970:Farmers from the Baltic to the Tatras
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1940:
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1403:, SD declared its desire to join the
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2136:(25). Księgarnia Akademicka: 51–68.
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1585:
1159:Social Organisation for Self-Defence
135:
62:adding citations to reliable sources
33:
3626:League of the Right of the Republic
3545:Confederation of Independent Poland
3411:Confederation of Independent Poland
1306:Solidarity Civic Parliamentary Club
73:"Alliance of Democrats" Poland
24:
3354:Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"
3220:Communist Party of Western Ukraine
1300:of 4 June, the Alliance, with the
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3770:Self-Defence of the Polish Nation
3591:Feminist Initiative/Women's Party
3406:Communist Party of Poland (Mijal)
3322:Polish Christian Democratic Party
3256:Christian Union of National Unity
3061:Polish Party of Animal Protection
2825:Confederation of the Polish Crown
2589:Confederation of the Polish Crown
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561:
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548:
477:
258:
140:
38:
3750:Polish Labour Party - August 80
3567:Democratic Party – demokraci.pl
3507:Centre Agreement – Polish Union
3215:Communist Party of Poland (KPP)
2303:
2143:10.12797/Politeja.10.2013.25.04
1366:Democratic Party – demokraci.pl
49:needs additional citations for
29:Democratic Party – demokraci.pl
3310:Polish-Catholic People's Party
2278:
2253:
2228:
2203:
2179:
2150:
2077:
2053:
1965:
1927:
1920:
1893:
1858:
1851:
1824:
1817:
1795:
1788:
1766:
1759:
1737:
1659:
1415:. Several members were on the
1316:as the Deputy Prime Minister,
1141:World War II years (1939–1945)
214:You may also add the template
13:
1:
3888:1937 establishments in Poland
3369:Polish Socialist Party – Left
3359:Polish Socialist Party (1892)
3344:Polish People's Party "Piast"
3288:National Radical Camp Falanga
2046:
1520:Edward Kowalczyk (politician)
240:Political party in Poland
3775:Self-Defence Social Movement
3435:Polish United Workers' Party
3283:National Radical Camp (1934)
3103:Silesian Separatist Movement
3015:National Radical Camp (1993)
2980:First Self-Governance League
1409:2019 parliamentary elections
1390:2011 parliamentary elections
1214:Polish United Workers' Party
1204:During Communism (1946–1988)
1151:anti-Nazi Polish underground
778:Supreme Administrative Court
7:
3786:Solidarity Electoral Action
3673:National Self-Defence Front
3668:National Party "Fatherland"
3638:Liberal Democratic Congress
3550:Conservative People's Party
3470:Alternative Social Movement
2933:Union of Christian Families
2903:Agreement (political party)
2695:Union of European Democrats
1437:
1430:Headquarters of the SD, in
1210:People's Republic of Poland
1094:, formerly a member of the
944:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
3924:
3893:Centrist parties in Poland
3715:People's National Movement
3539:Coalition for the Republic
3091:Silesian Autonomy Movement
3076:Right Wing of the Republic
3021:National Revival of Poland
1644:as part of Democratic Bloc
1386:2010 presidential election
1101:
178:Machine translation, like
26:
3903:Liberal parties in Poland
3898:European Democratic Party
3862:List of political parties
3831:
3730:Polish Beer-Lovers' Party
3653:Movement for the Republic
3483:Catholic Electoral Action
3452:
3398:
3293:National Radical Camp ABC
3195:
3154:
3005:League of Polish Families
2874:
2746:
2606:
2417:
2335:Piskorski, Paweł (2020).
2186:Piskorski, Paweł (2020).
2084:Piskorski, Paweł (2020).
2060:Piskorski, Paweł (2020).
1906:
1715:
1642:
1163:Council of National Unity
1084:Stronnictwo Demokratyczne
440:
427:
422:
408:
394:
380:
370:
360:European Parliament group
358:
353:European Democratic Party
346:
336:
324:
297:
286:
278:
266:
257:
251:Stronnictwo Demokratyczne
245:
155:the corresponding article
18:Democratic Party (Poland)
3555:Democratic Left Alliance
3523:Christian National Union
3031:Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy
2940:United Beyond Boundaries
2211:"Rosną rywale Platformy"
2157:Herman, Marceli (2022).
1294:Round Table negotiations
876:Administrative divisions
693:Prime Minister of Poland
27:Not to be confused with
3807:Third Republic Movement
3780:Social Justice Movement
3621:League and Self-Defense
3528:Christian-Peasant Party
3417:Front of National Unity
3305:National Workers' Party
3300:National People's Union
3205:Catholic People's Party
3097:Silesian Regional Party
1908:Tadeusz Witold Młyńczak
1526:Tadeusz Witold Młyńczak
1514:Tadeusz Witold Młyńczak
1401:2019 European elections
1250:Constitutional Tribunal
1185:, were arrested by the
842:Major political parties
759:Constitutional Tribunal
740:Supreme Court of Poland
326:Political position
290:ul. Chmielna 9, 00-021
225:For more guidance, see
3745:Polish Reason of State
3695:Patriotic Self-Defence
3266:Popular National Union
3066:Polish Communist Party
2875:Other existing parties
2726:Polish Socialist Party
1454:Mieczysław Michałowicz
1434:
1384:'s candidature in the
1354:newspaper calculated.
1282:Solidarity Trade Union
1119:Mieczysław Michałowicz
1083:
960:Diplomatic missions of
501:Constitution of Poland
3755:Polish National Party
3663:National Party (1989)
3616:Labour Party (Poland)
3606:Initiative for Poland
3440:United People's Party
3430:Polish Workers' Party
3278:National Radical Camp
3244:Labour Faction (1937)
3109:Socialist Alternative
2995:Kashubian Association
2893:Alliance of Democrats
2841:Polish People's Party
2683:Polish People's Party
2552:Polish People's Party
2290:Wybory2011.pkw.gov.pl
2265:Wybory2011.pkw.gov.pl
2240:Wybory2011.pkw.gov.pl
2124:Tyszkiewicz, Adrian.
1538:Aleksander Mackiewicz
1429:
1326:Constitution of 3 May
1318:Aleksander Mackiewicz
1302:United People's Party
1262:Constitution of 3 May
1256:, and to restore the
1183:Stanisław Michałowski
1171:State Country Council
1167:Polish Workers' Party
1107:Formation (1937–1939)
1076:Alliance of Democrats
248:Alliance of Democrats
227:Knowledge:Translation
198:copyright attribution
3316:Polish Catholic Bloc
3261:Camp of Great Poland
3086:Self-Defence Rebirth
2985:Freedom and Equality
1717:Stanisław Kulczyński
1496:Stanisław Kulczyński
1460:Stanisław Więckowski
1191:Trial of the Sixteen
1179:Eugeniusz Czarnowski
535:Parliament of Poland
348:European affiliation
337:National affiliation
319:Democratic socialism
58:improve this article
3710:Peasants' Agreement
3513:Christian Democracy
3465:Alliance for Poland
3130:There is One Poland
3071:Real Politics Union
3056:Polish Pirate Party
3026:New Democracy - Yes
2879:political movements
2750:European Parliament
2510:Independents (15)**
1574:Krzysztof Góralczyk
1169:and recognized the
751:Małgorzata Manowska
665:President of Poland
410:European Parliament
308:Christian democracy
3867:Politics of Poland
3797:The Poor of Poland
3720:Poland Comes First
3632:Left and Democrats
3585:European Coalition
3250:National Democracy
3135:Workers' Democracy
2898:Silesians Together
2747:Represented in the
2670:Third Way (Poland)
2563:Independent (1)***
2096:socjaldemokracji".
2010:Aleksander Mackiew
1674:Wacław Barcikowski
1639:Wincenty Rzymowski
1568:Andrzej Arendarski
1490:Wacław Barcikowski
1484:Wincenty Rzymowski
1435:
1405:European Coalition
1394:Poland Comes First
1382:Andrzej Olechowski
1343:Rebirth after 2009
1310:Tadeusz Mazowiecki
1121:, a member of the
1086:, SD) is a Polish
543:Current Parliament
470:Politics of Poland
445:Politics of Poland
206:interlanguage link
3875:
3874:
3827:
3826:
3448:
3447:
3394:
3393:
3191:
3190:
3163:Polish–Lithuanian
2772:Polish Initiative
2689:Centre for Poland
2577:National Movement
2558:Centre for Poland
2487:Polish Initiative
2044:
2043:
1586:Electoral history
1544:Zbigniew Adamczyk
1337:Polish parliament
1246:Tribunal of State
1072:
1071:
1026:Poland portal
952:Radosław Sikorski
937:Foreign relations
834:Political parties
463:
462:
450:Political parties
282:18 September 1937
238:
237:
167:
163:
134:
133:
126:
108:
16:(Redirected from
3915:
3839:Zbigniew Ajchler
3735:Poland Fair Play
3700:Party of Regions
3572:Democratic Union
3496:Centre Agreement
3450:
3449:
3396:
3395:
3239:Labor Party (PP)
3193:
3192:
3159:
3158:
2950:Civic Initiative
2928:Party of Drivers
2917:All-Polish Youth
2887:Polish Coalition
2777:Independents (3)
2739:Independents (4)
2663:Independents (4)
2638:Independents (4)
2633:Sovereign Poland
2545:Polish Coalition
2461:Independent (2)*
2444:Sovereign Poland
2412:
2411:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2361:Official website
2346:
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2343:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2313:. Archived from
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1697:
1696:
1689:
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1662:
1661:
1651:
1645:
1595:
1594:
1572:2006–2009
1566:2002–2006
1560:1998–2002
1554:1994–1998
1548:1992–1994
1542:1991–1992
1536:1990–1991
1530:1989–1990
1524:1985–1989
1518:1981–1985
1512:1976–1981
1506:1973–1976
1500:1969–1973
1494:1956–1969
1488:1949–1956
1482:1945–1949
1476:1944–1945
1472:Jerzy Makowiecki
1470:1943–1944
1466:Mieczysław Bilek
1464:1942–1943
1458:1940–1942
1452:1939–1940
1413:Polish Coalition
1411:, SD joined the
1296:. Following the
1274:Dorota Simonides
1254:Ombudsman Office
1134:guided democracy
1064:
1057:
1050:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1022:
924:Cities and towns
919:
907:
770:Julia Przyłębska
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341:Polish Coalition
304:Social democracy
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184:Google Translate
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3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3857:Portal:Politics
3852:
3850:Marek Biernacki
3847:
3844:Piotr Adamowicz
3841:
3836:
3823:
3802:The Republicans
3689:Social Alliance
3643:Libertas Poland
3444:
3390:
3197:
3187:
3173:Patriotic Party
3164:
3155:Defunct parties
3150:
3145:German Minority
3041:Peasants' Party
2923:National League
2878:
2876:
2870:
2791:Law and Justice
2759:Civic Coalition
2748:
2742:
2700:Independent (1)
2658:Yes! For Poland
2645:Civic Coalition
2627:Law and Justice
2608:
2602:
2505:Yes! For Poland
2468:Civic Coalition
2438:Law and Justice
2419:
2413:
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2155:
2151:
2122:
2103:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2024:
2021:
1983:
1980:
1953:
1950:
1941:
1916:
1913:
1881:
1878:
1847:
1844:
1813:
1810:
1784:
1781:
1755:
1752:
1725:
1722:
1690:
1687:
1678:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1593:
1588:
1580:Paweł Piskorski
1550:Rafał Szymański
1449:
1440:
1362:Paweł Piskorski
1345:
1322:Marek Kucharski
1290:
1206:
1143:
1109:
1104:
1092:Paweł Piskorski
1068:
1039:
1035:Other countries
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1009:
985:
977:
976:
968:
956:
939:
929:
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878:
868:
867:
859:
850:Law and Justice
836:
826:
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812:
798:
788:
787:
774:
748:First President
734:
724:
723:
710:
654:
644:
643:
639:Deputy Marshals
622:
621:
598:
594:Deputy Marshals
582:Szymon Hołownia
559:
529:
519:
518:
495:
472:
459:
428:
418:
415:
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401:
390:
387:
314:
312:Pro-Europeanism
310:
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273:Paweł Piskorski
253:
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3809:
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3799:
3794:
3789:
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3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:Right Alliance
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
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3702:
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3608:
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3598:
3596:Forward Poland
3593:
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3574:
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3564:
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3460:Ancestral Home
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3408:
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3341:
3334:
3332:People's Party
3329:
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3319:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3271:National Party
3268:
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3258:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3198:inter-war eras
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3178:Hetmans' Party
3175:
3169:
3167:
3156:
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2800:
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2780:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:Civic Platform
2754:
2752:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
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2666:
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2664:
2661:
2655:
2652:Civic Platform
2641:
2640:
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2636:
2630:
2615:
2613:
2607:Represented in
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2600:
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2475:Civic Platform
2464:
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2462:
2459:
2456:Polish Affairs
2453:
2447:
2441:
2426:
2424:
2418:Represented in
2415:
2414:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2371:
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2354:
2353:External links
2351:
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1873:Andrzej Benesz
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1839:Zygmunt Moskwa
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1270:Hanna Suchocka
1222:Czechoslovakia
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1096:Civic Platform
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3819:Your Movement
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3808:
3805:
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3611:Initiative RP
3609:
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3602:
3601:Freedom Union
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3404:
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3399:Communist era
3397:
3387:
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3338:Polish Centre
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Peasant Party
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
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3194:
3184:
3183:Familia Party
3181:
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3176:
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3046:Piast Faction
3044:
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3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
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3008:
3006:
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2998:
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2988:
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2968:
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2963:
2961:
2960:Common Powiat
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Better Poland
2943:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2911:Confederation
2908:
2904:
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2899:
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2813:Confederation
2811:
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2808:
2807:
2806:Confederation
2803:
2798:
2797:United Poland
2795:
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2753:
2751:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2720:Left Together
2718:
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2570:Confederation
2567:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2530:Left Together
2528:
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2317:on 2015-05-18
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2132:(in Polish).
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2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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1993:
1985:
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1578:2009–
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1532:Jerzy Jóźwiak
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1478:Erazm Kulesza
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1333:Freedom Union
1329:
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1323:
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1315:
1314:Jan Jankowski
1311:
1307:
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864:
863:Other parties
861:
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848:
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844:
843:
839:
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835:
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829:
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808:Parliamentary
806:
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174:
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164:
158:
156:
151:You can help
147:
138:
137:
128:
125:
117:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
19:
3833:
3811:
3784:
3760:Reason Party
3740:Polish Union
3687:
3630:
3583:
3576:
3559:
3537:
3505:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3422:
3415:
3336:
3314:
3248:
3233:Front Morges
3231:
3165:Commonwealth
3125:Slavic Union
3000:Labour Party
2909:
2892:
2885:
2854:
2832:
2804:
2784:United Right
2782:
2757:
2732:Labour Union
2705:
2668:
2643:
2620:United Right
2618:
2568:
2543:
2515:
2466:
2431:United Right
2429:
2337:
2330:
2319:. Retrieved
2315:the original
2305:
2293:. Retrieved
2289:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2239:
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2214:
2205:
2196:
2188:
2181:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2152:
2133:
2129:
2094:
2086:
2079:
2070:
2062:
2055:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1598:
1556:Jan Janowski
1441:
1398:
1370:Marian Filar
1359:conservative
1356:
1349:
1346:
1330:
1291:
1278:Jan Janowski
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1218:East Germany
1207:
1199:
1195:
1148:
1144:
1131:
1127:
1114:Sanationists
1110:
1075:
1073:
1005:Armed forces
915:
903:
840:
803:Presidential
757:
738:
691:
682:
673:Andrzej Duda
663:
608:
599:
569:
560:
547:
533:
514:Human rights
499:
316:Before 1989:
315:
287:Headquarters
202:edit summary
193:
160:
152:
120:
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
3813:United Left
3578:Europa Plus
3196:Pre-war and
3051:Polish Left
2847:Poland 2050
2677:Poland 2050
2538:Poland 2050
1942:as part of
1679:as part of
1399:Before the
1378:Jan Widacki
1266:martial law
1088:centre-left
972:Ambassadors
883:Voivodeship
821:Referendums
701:Donald Tusk
527:Legislature
331:Centre-left
162:(July 2017)
3882:Categories
3453:Modern era
3140:Freedomers
3119:Solidarity
2493:The Greens
2321:2013-03-13
2047:References
1681:FJN - PZPR
1562:Jan Klimek
1374:Bogdan Lis
950:Minister:
719:Ministries
493:Government
84:newspapers
3210:Centrolew
2834:Third Way
2499:AGROunion
1388:. In the
1298:elections
999:political
964:in Poland
912:Communes
900:Counties
796:Elections
767:President
732:Judiciary
652:Executive
455:Elections
220:talk page
157:in Polish
114:June 2019
3846:et al.,
2863:New Left
2856:The Left
2819:New Hope
2714:New Left
2707:The Left
2597:Kukiz'15
2583:New Hope
2524:New Left
2517:The Left
2450:Renew RP
2014:159,017
1981:27 / 460
1951:35 / 460
1914:37 / 460
1879:37 / 460
1845:39 / 460
1811:39 / 460
1782:39 / 460
1753:39 / 460
1723:39 / 459
1688:25 / 425
1650:41 / 444
1627:Position
1599:Election
1438:Ideology
1304:and the
893:marshals
888:voivodes
299:Ideology
196:provide
3705:Party X
2975:Falanga
2295:28 June
2270:28 June
2245:28 June
2220:28 June
2022:1 / 460
1603:Leader
1226:Marxist
1208:In the
1102:History
995:History
990:Economy
714:Cabinet
618:Marshal
579:Marshal
423:Website
402:0 / 100
388:0 / 460
371:Colours
279:Founded
218:to the
200:in the
159:.
98:scholar
3792:Spring
2611:Senate
2481:Modern
2471:(157)
2434:(191)
1432:Warsaw
1258:Senate
1155:Żegota
1123:Senate
1080:Polish
904:powiat
610:Senate
586:PL2050
416:0 / 50
396:Senate
292:Warsaw
268:Leader
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
3848:***:
2787:(20)
2762:(21)
2673:(12)
2648:(41)
2623:(34)
2573:(18)
2548:(32)
2520:(26)
2477:(127)
2440:(165)
2342:(PDF)
2215:Rp.pl
2193:(PDF)
2175:]
2091:(PDF)
2067:(PDF)
2040:14th
2017:1.4%
1617:Seats
1607:Votes
1252:, an
916:gmina
816:Local
180:DeepL
105:JSTOR
91:books
3842:**:
3683:Now!
3147:****
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2297:2019
2272:2019
2247:2019
2222:2019
2005:1991
1999:4th
1975:1989
1969:3rd
1944:PRON
1937:1985
1931:3rd
1903:1980
1897:3rd
1868:1976
1862:3rd
1834:1972
1828:3rd
1805:1969
1799:3rd
1776:1965
1770:3rd
1747:1961
1741:3rd
1712:1957
1706:1st
1669:1952
1663:4th
1634:1947
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1376:and
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1248:, a
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1187:NKVD
1181:and
1074:The
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382:Sejm
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192:You
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432:.sd
430:www
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