1432:
413:
275:
1602:
1802:
1413:
1424:
43:
158:
3115:
2772:
2388:
2162:
2088:
1694:
1548:, Grey Ranks Intelligence)—an operation on behalf of Home Army intelligence, in which Combat Schools groups carried out surveillance of German military units and their movements. The information that was gathered was passed on to the Allies. The operation provided the Allies with complete lists of German units, their insignia and approximate complements, including units down to
1381:
1397:
As of 1 May 1944, the Grey Ranks numbered 8,359 members. Initially, only older scouts (Senior Scouts, Senior Guides, Rovers and
Rangers), aged 17 and up, were admitted. Soon, however, younger children were admitted, and in 1942 a new structure was adopted, based largely on the prewar structure of the
1519:); distribution of leaflets, posters stickers, and fake issues of supposed German newspapers; intercepting German propaganda megaphones and using them to spread Polish propaganda; destroying German flags and other symbols; disrupting German events by setting off fire alarms; and, last but not least,
1641:
The assault groups took part in "major sabotage", including armed struggle against the occupiers. The assault groups formed the backbone of the Home Army's special troops. They liberated prisoners from German prisons and transports, blew up railroad bridges, carried out executions ordered by
1574:. The Germans dismantled the monument and placed it in the cellars of the former National Museum, for delivery to a German steel mill. The scouts were notified of where the monument was hidden and overnight marked the walls of the former museum, "People of Warsaw! I am here. Kiliński".
914:
The Grey Ranks followed the prewar principles of the Polish
Scouting Association: service to the people and country, and education and improvement of their skills. In addition to the prewar oath, the following line was added:
847:
Older Scouts carried out sabotage, armed resistance, and assassinations. The Girl Guides formed auxiliary units working as nurses, liaisons and munition carriers. Younger Scouts were involved in so-called
1577:
As part of their secret training, the Combat
Schools boys and girls prepared for service with the Home Army as members of commanders' troops, communication units, and reconnaissance units. During the
950:
The Grey Ranks' structure was based on the prewar structure of the Polish
Scouting Association, modified to suit the new circumstances of occupation and repression. The basic unit was the troop (
1067:
At the apogee of the Grey Ranks' strength, Headquarters commanded 20 banners. To control the movement, the area of prewar Poland was divided into departments, each supervising several banners:
1971:
1040:
371:
1966:
3243:
3233:
898:
In 1945 the ZHP restored its former name and returned to public existence. However, the communist authorities of Poland pressured the organization to become a member of the
1562:" ("Only for Germans"), implying that those who hanged people would themselves be hanged (from street lamps). Other operations occurred after the Germans began destroying
1025:
357:
733:
1486:
1020:
352:
2884:
2914:
1728:
1635:
1631:
1478:
1060:
919:"I pledge to you that I shall serve with the Grey Ranks, safeguard the secrets of the organization, obey orders, and not hesitate to sacrifice my life."
1369:
1509:" operations. These included propaganda operations directed at the Poles, German civilians and German military units. The best-known operations were:
1740:
1735:
2889:
1643:
1473:
knight and diplomat. The troops did not take part in active resistance. Instead, the children were prepared for auxiliary service for the upcoming
2904:
3248:
3228:
2151:
1992:
726:
3104:
2377:
1987:
1747:
1365:
2899:
1939:
412:
2909:
2894:
3007:
2109:
1879:
797:
325:
2828:
2761:
719:
1513:
Operation Wawer-Palmiry – a major propaganda campaign which included painting patriotic and anti-German slogans on walls (see also
1874:
3238:
2823:
1956:
1841:
1674:
755:
747:
696:
437:
257:
1894:
1528:
2807:
2322:
902:
and eventually it was banned in 1949. The only existing part of pre-war ZHP during the years of the
Communist regime was the
3150:
2787:
1884:
1470:
1431:
503:
2945:
1527:. Probably the best-known action was the removal of a German-language plaque that had been attached by the Germans to the
2694:
2077:
107:
2144:
1889:
691:
79:
880:, who between late fall 1939 and mid-1940 helped smuggle many persons out of Soviet-occupied southeastern Poland into
3097:
2370:
970:— literally, a banner or standard). During World War II, the several units were referred to by their own code-names:
702:
417:
394:
126:
2405:
1634:, to gain the knowledge necessary to reconstruct Poland after the war. The best-known NCO schools included Warsaw's
2802:
2317:
1932:
1678:
348:
774:
in 1939, the Nazis recognized the ZHP as a threat. Polish Scouts and Guides were branded as criminals and banned.
86:
2976:
2797:
2338:
2312:
1899:
552:
447:
1451:
811:. The name was coined after an early action of the Polish Scouting Association, in which boy scouts distributed
3012:
1948:
962:
comprising 7 persons. Several troops from a specified area (city district, village or town) formed a district (
617:
64:
28:
2833:
2754:
2137:
1904:
1682:
1316:
320:
The wartime organisation was created on 27 September 1939, actively resisted and fought German occupation in
1630:
schools and officer schools for commanders of motorised and engineering units. Most members also studied at
1360:
Coordination among the departments and beehives was directed by inspectors subordinate to the
Headquarters:
93:
3090:
2722:
2653:
2363:
2197:
906:('ZHP abroad', consisting of Polish Scouts from USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Argentina, France and Sweden).
523:
2448:
1582:
2453:
1925:
1399:
637:
302:
60:
1118:
3145:
3140:
2689:
927:
moral code, the Grey Ranks also followed a basic three-step path of action. The program was nicknamed "
658:
473:
432:
75:
17:
2930:
2528:
2468:
2265:
1997:
1909:
1391:
781:, the ZHP carried on as a clandestine organization. The wartime Scouts evolved into the paramilitary
771:
498:
442:
2668:
2415:
1673:
and were among the most notable and successful units on the Polish side. Other units, mainly in the
274:
3135:
3065:
2747:
2114:
2039:
1815:
1627:
1537:– the distribution of propaganda newspapers and leaflets among German soldiers stationed in Poland.
767:
647:
606:
580:
528:
402:
329:
213:
3197:
3024:
2981:
2940:
2563:
2070:
1586:
1481:
for their future duties in liberated Poland. Among the best-known auxiliary troops formed by the
627:
570:
560:
478:
53:
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1601:
1054:
3207:
2613:
2473:
2187:
1170:
493:
468:
2997:
2503:
1905:
Historia
Gimnazjum i Liceum im. Mikołaja Reja jednej z siedzib Szarych Szeregów i żołnierzy AK
1571:
1380:
596:
3018:
2603:
2513:
2438:
2286:
2207:
857:
815:
754:, ZHP) had taken an active part in all the conflicts Poland was engaged in around this time:
663:
622:
483:
2673:
3044:
2739:
2618:
2182:
1774:
1649:
The assault groups in Warsaw were organised into several battalions, including the famous "
759:
2598:
2508:
2397:
2355:
8:
3002:
2712:
2583:
2553:
2518:
2240:
1801:
1770:
1361:
790:
34:
Codename for the underground paramilitary Polish
Scouting Association during World War II
1558:
100:
3039:
3034:
2483:
2478:
2255:
2063:
1786:
1423:
1235:
1144:
831:
763:
632:
591:
203:
2848:
2843:
2638:
2633:
2463:
2250:
2034:
1849:
1762:
1758:
1732:
1655:
1412:
2838:
2270:
2230:
2212:
1714:
1661:
1566:
to Polish national heroes and historical personalities. These included a monument to
1439:, erected to commemorate all the children that fought and fell in the Warsaw Uprising
1048:
865:
778:
236:
168:
2863:
3171:
3060:
2658:
2623:
2558:
2543:
2538:
2523:
2420:
2202:
1153:
899:
508:
2548:
2192:
876:
units were some of the most effective in combat. The Grey Ranks also included the
3202:
2648:
2643:
2593:
2498:
2488:
2296:
2245:
2235:
2177:
2055:
1917:
1848:. London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Archived from
1807:
1777:
1755:(August 1943 – February 1944), the destruction of thirteen German border outposts
1670:
1606:
1578:
1490:
1271:
1202:
869:
290:
279:
241:
2868:
2458:
2443:
1744:
1567:
1416:
954:), comprising some 20 boys or girls. Each troop was composed of several squads (
2573:
2410:
2260:
2044:
1752:
1506:
1466:
1148:
1096:
888:
877:
849:
2858:
1765:
1323:
938:"Tomorrow" – prepare for an all-national uprising and the liberation of Poland
3222:
2950:
2628:
2608:
2588:
2578:
2493:
1783:
1698:
1524:
1461:
Troops organised for children between 12 and 14 years of age were code-named
1455:
1340:
1123:
794:
651:
610:
584:
3082:
2853:
1910:
Series of pictures of the Szare
Szeregi monument in Kashuby, Ontario, Canada
1570:, leader of an 18th-century Warsaw uprising against the Russians during the
1234:
An additional banner was formed for scouts expelled from their homes to the
1209:
3166:
3130:
2533:
673:
314:
223:
1616:), comprising youngsters aged 17 and up, were directly subordinate to the
1175:
1108:
2568:
2291:
1534:
1474:
1190:
379:
2935:
1101:
157:
1718:
1520:
812:
565:
2091:
1617:
1549:
1224:
1082:
892:
819:
545:
341:
1335:
808:
347:
Though formally independent, the Grey Ranks worked closely with the
42:
2960:
1563:
1219:
1031:
924:
367:
298:
2129:
807:
was adopted in 1940. It was first used by underground scouting in
2717:
1722:
1590:
1515:
1386:
1266:
1259:
1197:
1151:
expelled from their homes by the
Germans (ul "Chrobry" - beehive
1130:
881:
861:
827:
1349:
1436:
1311:
1288:
823:
321:
1706:"-battalion assault-group soldiers after the camp's liberation
2792:
1622:
1328:
1278:
1185:
853:
844:, a name that came to be adopted by the entire organization.
513:
3114:
2771:
2769:
2387:
2161:
2087:
2385:
2013:
1880:
Details of Szare Szeregi most daring underground operations
1820:
1693:
1390:
sign, painted by Grey Ranks on pedestal of the 1932 Warsaw
1556:
Other famous operations included marking street lamps as "
1626:(Directorate of Diversion). The groups trained at secret
1505:) comprised youngsters aged 15 to 17. They took part in "
941:"The Day After" – prepare to rebuild Poland after the war
1717:(March 26, 1943), the liberation of the gravely wounded
27:
For the story-telling game based on the Gray Ranks, see
872:, the Scouts participated in the fighting, and several
836:
830:
who had settled in the homes of Poles expelled to the
3244:
Polish underground organisations during World War II
3234:
Military units and formations of the Warsaw Uprising
1797:
1646:, and fought pitched battles against German forces.
834:. To create confusion, the leaflets had been signed
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2085:
1947:
1435:Monument to Mały Powstaniec (Little partisan) in
3220:
1531:, claiming the astronomer for the German nation.
746:Since its organization in 1916, scouts from the
1833:
1044:). The Grey Ranks' successive commanders were:
351:and Home Army Headquarters. The Grey Ranks had
1993:Stowarzyszenie Harcerstwa Katolickiego Zawisza
324:until 18 January 1945, and contributed to the
3112:
3098:
2755:
2371:
2145:
2071:
1933:
1761:(September 7, 1943), the assassination of SS-
727:
935:"Today" – struggle for Poland's independence
334:
307:
1710:Notable assault-group operations included:
1688:
374:plus three to five deputies in the rank of
3105:
3091:
2762:
2748:
2378:
2364:
2152:
2138:
2110:Polish resistance movement in World War II
2078:
2064:
1940:
1926:
966:), which in turn formed part of a region (
734:
720:
1773:(February 2, 1944), the assassination of
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1743:(May 22, 1943), the assassination of SS-
1692:
1600:
1430:
1422:
1411:
1379:
931:" ("Today - tomorrow - the day after"):
273:
3040:Socialist Party People's Guard (GL-WRN)
3030:Grey Ranks (Szare Szeregi - Boy Scouts)
1731:(May 6, 1943), the assassination of SS-
1143:An additional banner was formed in the
1057:("Orsza"; 12 May 1943 – 3 October 1944)
748:Polish Scouting and Guiding Association
14:
3221:
1681:units operating in the forests of the
1529:Nicolaus Copernicus Monument in Warsaw
856:organization, which included dropping
3249:Polish resistance during World War II
3229:Units and formations of the Home Army
3086:
2946:Secret Military Printing Works (TWZW)
2743:
2359:
2133:
2059:
1921:
3151:Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force
1988:Scouting Association of the Republic
1839:
1546:Wywiad – Informacja Szarych Szeregów
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
3013:National Military Association (NOW)
2775:Units, affiliates, and predecessors
2159:
1581:, Combat Schools units in Warsaw's
1079:) – areas annexed by Nazi Germany:
24:
2977:Service for Poland's Victory (SZP)
2391:Personnel, emblems and decorations
1589:; in other districts, they formed
1427:Postmen during the Warsaw Uprising
1147:and commanded all the scouts from
1063:(3 October 1944 – 18 January 1945)
278:Polish Boy Scouts fighting in the
25:
3260:
1885:Szare szeregi - Batalion "Baszta"
1868:
1605:Girl-guide postal workers during
1596:
1496:
340:– Assault Groups) were among the
301:for the underground paramilitary
3113:
3003:Confederation of the Nation (KN)
2770:
2386:
2160:
2086:
1800:
1669:", which later took part in the
1051:(27 September 1939 – 6 May 1943)
411:
349:Government Delegation for Poland
156:
41:
3167:AL Armia Ludowa (People's Army)
1375:
891:most of the Boy Scouts held at
52:needs additional citations for
3239:Scouting and Guiding in Poland
3066:Freedom and Independence (WiN)
3019:National Armed Forces (NSZ-AK)
2406:Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski
1949:Scouting and Guiding in Poland
1721:and 24 other prisoners from a
1450:) was a group of the youngest
1021:headquarters of the Gray Ranks
644:Non-integrated but recognizing
618:National Military Organization
29:Grey Ranks (role-playing game)
13:
1:
3025:Camp of Fighting Poland (OPW)
2982:Union of Armed Struggle (ZWZ)
2834:104th Company of Syndicalists
2824:2nd Legions Infantry Division
2781:Headquarters and Directorates
2723:Krzyż Powstania Warszawskiego
1826:
1257:Warsaw – ul "Wisła" (beehive
909:
571:National Security Corps (PKB)
1842:"The Grey Ranks (1939-1945)"
1300:Southern Poland Department (
1038:), headed by the commander (
945:
868:, and especially during the
789:), reporting up through the
752:Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego
309:Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego
180:September 27, 1939
7:
1793:
1782:Storming and liberation of
1400:Polish Scouting Association
1246:Central Poland Department (
1099:– ul "Przemysław" (beehive
638:Confederation of the Nation
418:History of Poland 1939–1945
385:
303:Polish Scouting Association
188:–January 18, 1945
10:
3265:
3146:Lithuanian Security Police
3141:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
2998:Peasants' Battalions (BCh)
2788:Information and Propaganda
2695:Warsaw Uprising insurgents
1789:in Warsaw (August 5, 1944)
1405:
1302:Wydział Polski Południowej
864:sign on the walls. During
659:Jewish Combat Organization
362:known under the cryptonym
26:
3190:
3159:
3123:
3080:
3053:
3045:Union of Retaliation (ZO)
2990:
2969:
2936:Little Andrews (Jędrusie)
2923:
2877:
2816:
2780:
2737:
2703:
2682:
2429:
2396:
2353:
2331:
2305:
2279:
2221:
2170:
2127:
2123:
2102:
2027:
2006:
1998:Stowarzyszenie Harcerskie
1980:
1955:
1900:The Heros of II World War
1248:Wydział Polski Centralnej
852:under the auspice of the
372:Chief Scout of Grey Ranks
250:
229:
219:
209:
199:
174:
164:
155:
149:
148:
143:
3136:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
3035:Secret Polish Army (TAP)
2941:Underground Police (PKB)
2115:Polish Underground State
2040:Ranks in Polish Scouting
1816:Children in the military
1689:Assault-group operations
1683:Świętokrzyskie Mountains
1632:underground universities
1269:– ul "Puszcza" (beehive
1121:– ul "Barbara" (beehive
791:Polish underground state
777:Under the leadership of
344:'s best-trained troops.
330:Polish Underground State
214:Polish Underground State
3198:The Holocaust in Poland
3008:Leśni (Forest Soldiers)
2931:Błyskawica radiostation
2829:27th Volhynian Division
1846:polishresistance-ak.org
1487:Scouting Postal Service
1111:– ul "Kominy" (beehive
929:Dziś - jutro - pojutrze
798:resistance organization
628:Camp of Fighting Poland
460:Political organizations
332:. Some of its members (
3208:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2808:Underground Resistance
2416:Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski
2323:Underground Resistance
2188:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2007:Historic organizations
1707:
1609:
1440:
1428:
1420:
1394:
1326:– ul "Warta" (beehive
1314:– ul "Skała" (beehive
1291:– ul "Zboże" (beehive
1222:– ul "Gleba" (beehive
1200:– ul "Błota" (beehive
1188:– ul "Brama" (beehive
1178:– ul "Biały" (beehive
1171:voivodeships of Poland
561:Armed Resistance (ZWZ)
541:Military organizations
494:Camp of National Unity
469:Polish Socialist Party
353:their own headquarters
335:
308:
294:
282:
2690:Armia Krajowa members
2287:Biuletyn Informacyjny
2171:Uprisings and battles
1696:
1604:
1489:organised during the
1475:all-national uprising
1434:
1426:
1415:
1383:
1338:– ul "Smok" (beehive
1281:– ul "Rady" (beehive
1133:– ul "Huta" (beehive
889:Soviet Union executed
756:Great Poland Uprising
664:Jewish Military Union
623:National Armed Forces
529:Polish Workers' Party
524:National Radical Camp
514:Betar (Zionist youth)
326:resistance operations
277:
3118:Opponents and rivals
2430:Senior officers and
2222:Underground, field,
1775:SS and Police Leader
1612:The Assault Groups (
1501:The Combat Schools (
1352:– ul "Lew" (beehive
1212:– ul "Las" (beehive
1161:Eastern Department (
1071:Western Department (
1055:Stanisław Broniewski
768:Polish–Ukrainian War
760:Polish-Bolshevik War
603:Partially integrated
553:Service for Poland's
61:improve this article
2713:Armia Krajowa Cross
2339:Republic of Pińczów
1981:Other organizations
1959:Guiding Association
1957:Polish Scouting and
1852:on January 25, 2023
1840:Suchcitz, Andrzej.
1771:Operation Kutschera
1572:Kościuszko Uprising
1362:Eugeniusz Stasiecki
1242:– "Gold beehive").
923:In addition to the
840:—later expanded to
818:among Germans from
770:. After the German
692:Cultural activities
3061:Independence (NIE)
2915:VII Warsaw suburbs
2198:Murowana Oszmianka
1787:concentration camp
1708:
1610:
1585:District formed a
1441:
1429:
1421:
1395:
1236:General Government
1145:General Government
832:General Government
772:Invasion of Poland
764:Silesian Uprisings
633:Pomeranian Griffin
597:Peasant Battalions
592:Gwardia Ludowa WRN
504:Jewish Labour Bund
370:") staffed by the
283:
204:General government
176:Dates of operation
3216:
3215:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3074:
3073:
2839:Battalion Parasol
2803:Covert Resistance
2731:
2730:
2439:J. Aleksandrowicz
2432:prominent members
2347:
2346:
2318:Covert Resistance
2053:
2052:
1729:Operation Schultz
1715:Operation Arsenal
1677:area, joined the
1049:Florian Marciniak
1030:were code-named "
866:Operation Tempest
779:Florian Marciniak
744:
743:
703:History of Poland
577:Mostly integrated
405:Underground State
272:
271:
263:Succeeded by
237:Operation Tempest
169:Florian Marciniak
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3256:
3194:Related articles
3172:Soviet partisans
3117:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3084:
3083:
2798:Civil Resistance
2774:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2683:Membership lists
2604:A. Stelmachowski
2584:Z. Romanowiczowa
2421:Leopold Okulicki
2390:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2313:Civil Resistance
2164:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2090:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2057:
2056:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1890:Batalion Parasol
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1837:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1559:Nur für Deutsche
1523:German-operated
1392:Aviator Monument
1370:Kazimierz Grenda
1163:Wydział Wschodni
1073:Wydział Zachodni
1029:
900:Pioneer Movement
860:or painting the
736:
729:
722:
705:during 1939–1945
648:Armed Resistance
607:Armed Resistance
581:Armed Resistance
509:Hashomer Hatzair
499:Democratic Party
415:
390:
389:
361:
338:
311:
254:Preceded by
230:Battles and wars
195:
193:
187:
185:
177:
160:
151:
141:
140:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3203:Warsaw Uprising
3182:
3181:
3176:
3155:
3119:
3111:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3049:
2986:
2965:
2919:
2878:Warsaw commands
2873:
2849:Żaglowiec Group
2844:Battalion Zośka
2812:
2776:
2768:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2705:
2699:
2678:
2664:T. Żenczykowski
2619:Z. Szendzielarz
2544:J. Mazurkiewicz
2529:A. Krzyżanowski
2454:W. Bartoszewski
2449:K. K. Baczyński
2431:
2425:
2392:
2384:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2327:
2301:
2297:Operation Antyk
2275:
2246:Project Big Ben
2223:
2217:
2183:Zamość uprising
2178:Warsaw Uprising
2166:
2158:
2119:
2098:
2084:
2054:
2049:
2023:
2002:
1976:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1915:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1808:Scouting portal
1806:
1799:
1796:
1778:Franz Kutschera
1763:Oberscharführer
1759:Operation Bürkl
1741:Operation Lange
1736:Herbert Schultz
1733:Obersturmführer
1691:
1671:Warsaw Uprising
1614:Grupy Szturmowe
1607:Warsaw Uprising
1599:
1579:Warsaw Uprising
1499:
1491:Warsaw Uprising
1471:medieval Polish
1410:
1378:
1023:
948:
912:
870:Warsaw Uprising
740:
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388:
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336:Grupy Szturmowe
280:Warsaw Uprising
268:
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242:Warsaw Uprising
191:
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2864:Żniwiarz Group
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2614:J. Szczepański
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2519:B. Kostrzewska
2516:
2514:K. Kierzkowski
2511:
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2496:
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2484:J. Bokszczanin
2481:
2479:A. Bohdziewicz
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2411:Stefan Rowecki
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2261:Operation Belt
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2048:
2047:
2045:Scouting Cross
2042:
2037:
2035:List of Scouts
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
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1995:
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1907:
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1897:
1895:Batalion Zośka
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1869:External links
1867:
1864:
1863:
1831:
1830:
1828:
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1818:
1812:
1811:
1795:
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1753:Operation Belt
1750:
1738:
1726:
1690:
1687:
1644:special courts
1598:
1597:Assault groups
1595:
1554:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1525:movie theaters
1507:small-sabotage
1498:
1497:Combat Schools
1495:
1479:secret schools
1477:and taught in
1467:Zawisza Czarny
1409:
1404:
1377:
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1149:Greater Poland
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1128:
1116:
1106:
1097:Greater Polish
1094:
1065:
1064:
1061:Leon Marszałek
1058:
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994:
983:
947:
944:
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939:
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878:White Couriers
850:minor sabotage
742:
741:
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699:
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686:Related topics
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516:
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506:
501:
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487:
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479:National Party
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474:People's Party
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459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
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438:Administration
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429:
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2:
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2951:Silent Unseen
2949:
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2886:
2885:I Śródmieście
2883:
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2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2674:T. Żychiewicz
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2644:A. Zakrzewska
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
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2602:
2600:
2597:
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2592:
2590:
2587:
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2577:
2575:
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2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:T. Pełczyński
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
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2239:
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2224:and espionage
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:Lwów uprising
2191:
2189:
2186:
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2179:
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2111:
2108:
2106:Main articles
2105:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:Armia Krajowa
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2081:
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2069:
2067:
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2058:
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2043:
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2026:
2020:
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2015:
2012:
2011:
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1876:
1875:Szare Szeregi
1873:
1872:
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1702:inmates and "
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1522:
1521:stink-bombing
1518:
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1512:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:Bojowe Szkoły
1494:
1492:
1488:
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1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
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1459:
1457:
1456:Szare Szeregi
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1438:
1433:
1425:
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930:
926:
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917:
916:
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896:
894:
890:
887:In 1940, the
885:
883:
879:
875:
874:Szare Szeregi
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
845:
843:
842:Szare Szeregi
839:
838:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
814:
810:
806:
805:Szare Szeregi
803:The codename
801:
799:
796:
795:Armia Krajowa
792:
788:
784:
783:Szare Szeregi
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
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749:
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723:
718:
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690:
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675:
672:
671:
665:
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660:
657:
656:
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646:authority of
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624:
621:
619:
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598:
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589:
586:
582:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
556:
555:Victory (SZP)
550:
549:
547:
538:
537:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
489:Minor parties
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
464:Major parties
457:
456:
449:
446:
444:
441:
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436:
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419:
414:
410:
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3131:Nazi Germany
3029:
2970:Predecessors
2954:
2869:Żyrafa Group
2817:Combat units
2704:Emblems and
2624:A. Szklarski
2599:D. Smoleński
2594:J. Rutkowski
2554:K. Moczarski
2539:J. J. Lerski
2524:H. Krahelska
2504:S. Jankowski
2306:Directorates
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1972:Chief Scouts
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1854:. Retrieved
1850:the original
1845:
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1745:Rottenführer
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1675:Radom-Kielce
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1568:Jan Kiliński
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1417:Jan Kiliński
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1376:Ranks by age
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224:Anti-fascism
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76:"Grey Ranks"
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2955:Cichociemni
2859:Żmija Group
2706:decorations
2669:M. Żuławski
2659:T. Zawadzki
2654:J. Zamoyski
2649:W. Zalewski
2639:J. Zabłocki
2559:A. Nadolski
2499:H. Lederman
2292:Operation N
2266:V-1 and V-2
2208:Ostra Brama
2092:Home Army (
1856:January 24,
1766:Franz Bürkl
1748:Ewald Lange
1535:Operation N
1366:Edward Zurn
1324:Częstochowa
1024: [
982:("beehive")
427:Authorities
380:Scoutmaster
356: [
3223:Categories
3054:Successors
2991:Affiliates
2854:Żbik Group
2634:E. Umińska
2574:W. Pilecki
2509:S. Karpiel
2469:S. Bittner
2464:R. Białous
2398:Commanders
2280:Propaganda
2165:Operations
2019:Grey Ranks
1967:Presidents
1827:References
1719:Jan Bytnar
1540:Operation
1272:Wilderness
1210:Nowogródek
1135:Steel mill
1102:Przemysław
1083:Pomeranian
1004:("family")
974:"banner" (
910:Principles
813:propaganda
787:Grey Ranks
766:, and the
669:Opposition
566:Gray Ranks
519:Opposition
443:Parliament
433:Government
376:Harcmistrz
287:Grey Ranks
210:Allegiance
192:1945-01-18
184:1939-09-27
144:Grey Ranks
87:newspapers
18:Gray Ranks
3124:Opponents
3021:(faction)
2905:V Mokotów
2900:IV Ochota
2629:H. Szwarc
2549:W. Micuta
2474:F. Błażej
2459:J. Batory
2332:Political
2241:Kutschera
1618:Home Army
1564:monuments
1550:battalion
1483:Zawiszacy
1448:Zawiszacy
1176:Białystok
1089:(beehive
1087:ul "Lina"
1085:banner –
1041:Naczelnik
1007:"squad" (
996:"troop" (
993:("swarm")
976:chorągiew
968:chorągiew
946:Structure
893:Ostashkov
820:Lithuania
697:Education
652:Home Army
611:Home Army
585:Home Army
342:Home Army
313:) during
2961:Wachlarz
2910:VI Praga
2895:III Wola
2890:Żoliborz
2609:R. Syski
2589:Z. Rumel
2579:R. Reiff
2569:A. Pilch
2534:L. Kulej
2494:T. Gajcy
2489:S. Braun
2444:J.Arkusz
2256:Most III
1794:See also
1784:Gęsiówka
1699:Gęsiówka
1679:partisan
1636:Agricola
1591:platoons
1583:Downtown
1485:was the
1465:, after
1446:(plural
1283:Councils
1267:Masovian
1240:ul Złoty
1131:Silesian
1119:Zagłębie
1113:Chimneys
1032:Bee Yard
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1013:pszczoły
958:), each
925:Scouting
895:prison.
858:leaflets
816:leaflets
793:and the
395:a series
393:Part of
386:Overview
368:bee yard
299:codename
297:) was a
3015:(split)
2718:Kotwica
2271:Wieniec
2231:Arsenal
2213:Tempest
1723:Gestapo
1665:" and "
1662:Parasol
1587:company
1516:kotwica
1463:Zawisza
1454:of the
1444:Zawisza
1407:Zawisza
1387:Kotwica
1260:Vistula
1203:Marshes
1198:Polesie
1154:Chrobry
1124:Barbara
1036:Pasieka
1002:rodzina
998:drużyna
956:zastępy
952:drużyna
904:ZHP pgK
882:Hungary
862:kotwica
828:Estonia
364:Pasieka
328:of the
220:Motives
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3160:Rivals
2203:Osuchy
1725:convoy
1651:Baszta
1452:Scouts
1437:Warsaw
1419:statue
1341:Dragon
1336:Kraków
1312:Kielce
1289:Lublin
1214:Forest
1009:zastęp
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960:zastęp
824:Latvia
809:Poznań
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403:Polish
397:on the
322:Warsaw
291:Polish
266:ZMP-OH
165:Leader
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2924:Other
2793:Kedyw
2251:Bürkl
2236:Heads
2028:Other
1704:Zośka
1667:Wigry
1656:Zośka
1623:KeDyw
1552:size.
1329:Warta
1293:Grain
1279:Radom
1220:Wołyń
1186:Wilno
1180:White
1028:]
854:Wawer
605:with
579:with
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108:JSTOR
94:books
2014:Mury
1858:2005
1821:Mury
1659:", "
1653:", "
1542:WISS
1469:, a
1384:The
1368:and
1354:Lion
1350:Lwów
1317:Rock
1225:Soil
1191:Gate
1109:Łódź
1091:Line
1019:The
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583:and
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1628:NCO
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