Naram-Sin of Akkad

421: 803: 5376: 1357: 1199: 1151: 273: 1265: 1309: 1281: 576: 879: 867: 401: 460:"Naram-Sin, the mighty, king of Agade, when the four quarters together revolted against him, through the love which the goddess Astar showed him, he was victorious in nine battles in one in 1 year, and the kings whom they (the rebels) had raised (against him), he captured. In view of the fact that he protected the foundations of his city from danger, (the citizens of his city requested from Astar in Eanna, Enlil in Nippur, Dagan in Tuttul, Ninhursag in Kes, Ea in Eridu, Sin in Ur, Samas in Sippar, (and) Nergal in Kutha, that (Naram-Sin) be (made) the god of their city, and they built within Agade a temple (dedicated) to him. As for the one who removes this inscription, may the gods Samas, Astar, Nergal, the bailiff of the king, namely all those gods (mentioned above) tear out his foundations and destroy his progeny." 1232: 1297: 1369: 1321: 1034: 1345: 4813: 3953: 2585: 3548: 1179: 7040: 3257: 6670: 5206: 3220: 2645: 3799: 7392: 5433: 682: 1333: 693: 532: 1139: 627: 4127: 75: 246: 2995: 7382: 1020: 2620: 895: 4398: 3205: 6254: 1167: 6145: 2828: 4467: 543:) is recorded as having signed a peace treaty, in Old Elamite language written in an Old Akkadian ductus, with Naram-Sin (not deified in the text), stating: "The enemy of Naram-Sin is my enemy, the friend of Naram-Sin is my friend". Old Elamite is poorly understood (all other texts being very short) as yet making interpretation of the text challenging. The text mentions about twenty gods, mostly Elamite but with a few Sumerian and Akkadian, including 5461: 6487: 478: 3479: 611:"Whereas, for all time since the creation of mankind, no king whosoever had destroyed Armanum and Ebla, the god Nergal, by means of (his) weapons opened the way for Naram-Sin, the mighty, and gave him Armanum and Ebla. Further, he gave to him the Amanus, the Cedar Mountain, and the Upper Sea. By means of the weapons of the god Dagan, who magnifies his kingship, Naram-Sin, the mighty, conquered Armanum and Ebla." 4575: 3392: 332:. In general it is not possible to assign an order to Naram-Sin's year name with the exception of his first "The year Naram-Sin received a weapon of heaven/An fr the temple of the god Enlil". It is, however, possible to divide them into those before his deification and after that event (assumed to be shortly after the "Great Revolt") based on the presence of a godhood determinant in his name. 3215: 4570: 4122: 3794: 3387: 3200: 4687: 3649: 2632: 417:, to the east in Elam and associated polities in that region, to southern Anatolia in the north, and to the "lower sea" in the south encompassing all the traditional Sumerian powers like Uruk, Ur, and Lagash. All of these political entities had long histories as independent powers and would periodically re-assert their interests throughout the lifetime of the Akkadian Empire. 269:. Most recensions of the Sumerian King List show him following Manishitshu but The Ur III version of the king list inverts the order of Rimush and Manishtushu. To be fully correct, rather than Naram-Sin or Naram-Suen "in Old Akkadian, the name in question should rather be reconstructed as Naram-Suyin (more precisely, /narām-tsuyin/) or Naram-Suʾin (/narām-tsuʾin/)". 1368: 528:) with typically Akkadian names are known, such as Ili-ishmani or Epirmupi. This suggests that these governors of Elam were officials of the Akkadian Empire. Naram-Sin exercised great influence over Susa during his reign, building temples and establishing inscriptions in his name, and having the Akkadian language replace Elamite in official documents. 1150: 1198: 1264: 2350:

Salgues, E., "Naram-Sin's conquests of Subartu and Armanum", Akkade is King. A collection of papers by friends and colleagues presented to Aage Westenholz on the occasion of his 70th birthday 15th of May 2009, hrsg. v. Gojko Barjamovic (Uitgaven van het Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten te

1178: 906:

fell and the city of Akkad was destroyed. The myth was written hundreds of years after Naram-Sin's life and is the poet's attempt to explain how the Gutians succeeded in conquering Sumer. After an opening passage describing the glory of Akkad before its destruction, the poem tells of how Naram-Sin

735:

in the 12th century BC along with a number of other monuments. The stele seems to break from tradition by using successive diagonal tiers to communicate the story to viewers, however the more traditional horizontal frames are visible on smaller broken pieces. It has been suggested that it contains

2331:

Lafont, Bertrand, "Une plaque en argile portant une inscription de Naram-Sin d'Agadé", The Third Millennium. Studies in Early Mesopotamia and Syria in Honor of Walter Sommerfeld and Manfred Krebernik, hrsg. v. Arkhipov, Ilya, Kogan, Leonid, Koslova, Natalia (Cuneiform Monographs 50), pp. 408-416,

1948:

Winter, Irene, et al., "Tree (s) on the mountain. Landscape and territory on the victory stele of Naram-Sîn of Agade." Landscapes. Territories, frontiers and horizons in the ancient Near East", Papers presented to the XLIV Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Venezia, 7-11 July 1997. Part I:

662:), Rigmuš-ālsu, Me-Ulmaš, and Ukēn-Ulmaš and a granddaughter Lipus-ia-um. One daughter, Tuṭṭanabšum (Tudanapšum), held the position of high priestess of Enlil at Nippur, the most important religious position in the empire. She was also deified, the only female and only non-king to be made a god. 335:

During his reign Namar-Sin increased direct royal control of its city-states. He maintained control over the various city-states by the simple expedient of appointing some of his many sons as key provincial governors, and his daughters as high priestesses. He also reformed the scribal system.

1969:

Winter, Irene J.. "How Tall Was Naram-Sîn’s Victory Stele? Speculation on the Broken Bottom". Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen, edited by Erica Ehrenberg, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, 2021, pp.

1231: 595:(55 kilometers southwest of modern Aleppo) by Naram-Sin (Ebla was also defeated by his grandfather Sargon) is known from one of his year names "The year the king went on a campaign in Amarnum" and from an Old Babylonian copy of a statue inscription (IM 85461) found at 1280: 1356: 1771:

Pittman, Holly, "The “Jeweler’s” Seal from Susa and Art of Awan", Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen, edited by Erica Ehrenberg, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 211-236,

599:. There are also three objects, a marble lamp, a stone plaque, and a copper bowl, inscribed "Naram-Sin, the mighty, king of the four quarters, conqueror of Armanum and Ebla.". In 2010 a new stele fragment (IM 221139) describing the campaign was found at 860:. This is suggested by the characteristics of the booty carried by the soldiers in the stele, especially the metal vessel carried by the main soldier, the design of which is unknown in Mesopotamia, but on the contrary well known in contemporary Anatolia. 2168:

Weiershäuser, Frauke and Novotny, Jamie, "Nabonidus — Babylonia", The Royal Inscriptions of Amēl-Marduk (561–560 BC), Neriglissar (559–556 BC), and Nabonidus (555–539 BC), Kings of Babylon, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 52-185,

1080:, circa 550 BC. who Robert Silverberg thus characterises as the first archaeologist. Not only did he lead the first excavations which were to find the foundation deposits of the temples of Šamaš the sun god, the warrior goddess Anunitu (both located in 272: 654:, shows that the governor there, Sharatigubishin, was also a son. Other known children include Enmenana the "zirru priestess of the god Nanna, spouse of the god N, entu priestess of the god Sin at Ur", Šumšani ēntum-priestess of 1088:, but he also had them restored to their former glory. He was also the first to date an archaeological artefact in his attempt to date Naram-Sin's temple during his search for it. His estimate was inaccurate by about 1,500 years. 408:

The pivotal event of Naram-Sin's reign was a widespread revolt against the Akkadian Empire. The empire created by his grandfather, Sargon, first ruler of the Akkadian Empire stretched in the west to Syria in places like

1442:

Steinkeller, Piotr, "The Divine Rulers of Akkade and Ur: Toward a Definition of the Deification of Kings in Babylonia", History, Texts and Art in Early Babylonia: Three Essays, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 107-157,

2367: 1618:

Stepien, Marek, "Why Some Kings Become Gods: The Deification of Naram-Sin, Ruler of the World", Here & There Across the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of Krystyna Lyczkowska, Warszawa: Agape, pp. 233-255,

775:"am-Sin, the mighty, <Lacuna> ..., Sidu (and) the highlanders of Lullubum assembled together ... bat. For/to <Lacuna> the high <Lacuna> ed up , ... (and) dedicated (this object) <Lacuna> 1308: 464:

In the aftermath, Naram-Sin deified himself as well as posthumously deifying Sargon and Manishtushi but not his Rimush. The echoes of the revolt were reflected in later Sumerian literary compositions such as the

971:) decreed that the city of Akkad should be destroyed in order to spare the rest of Sumer and cursed it. The story ends with the poet writing of Akkad's fate, mirroring the words of the gods' curse earlier on: 5375: 1344: 1648:

Westenholz, Joan Goodnick, "Naram-Sin and the Enemy Hordes”: The “Cuthean Legend” of Naram-Sin", Legends of the Kings of Akkade: The Texts, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 263-368,

1531:

M. Molina, "The palace of Adab during the Sargonic period", D. Wicke (ed.), Der Palast im antiken und islamischen Orient, Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 9, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2019, pp.

2346:

Powell, Marvin A., "Narām-Sîn, Son of Sargon: Ancient History, Famous Names, and a Famous Babylonian Forgery", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 81, no. 1-2, pp. 20-30,

221:. Under Naram-Sin the empire reached its maximum extent. He was the first Mesopotamian king known to have claimed divinity for himself, taking the title "God of Akkad", and the first to claim the title " 1491:

Nashat Alkhafaji and Gianni Marchesi, "Naram-Sin's War against Armanum and Ebla in a Newly-Discovered Inscription from Tulul al-Baqarat", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 1-20, 2020

1470:

Steinkeller, P., "An Ur III manuscript of the Sumerian King List", in: W. Sallaberger (ed.), Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien. Festschrift für Claus Wilcke, OBC 14, Wiesbaden, 267–29, 2003

866: 878: 420: 1887:

Steinkeller, Piotr, "Two Sargonic Seals from Urusagrig and the Question of Urusagrig’s Location", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2022

1753:

W. G. Lambert, "The Akkadianization of Susiana under the Sukkalmahs", MHEOP 1, pp. 53-7 Mesopotamie et Elam, Ghent: Mesopotamian History and Environment Occasional Publications 1, 1991

794:, king of Anshan and Susa, who has enlarged the kingdom, who takes care of the lands of Elam, the lord of the land of Elam. When the god Inshusinak gave me the order, I defeated 1817:

Westenholz, Aage, Pascal Attinger, and Markus Wäfler, "The Old Akkadian Period: History and Culture", Mesopotamien. Annäherungen 3: Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit, pp. 17-117, 1999

1479:

Thomas, Ariane, "The Akkadian Royal Image: On a Seated Statue of Manishtushu", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 105, no. 1-2, pp. 86-117, 2015

802: 1639:

Westenholz, Joan Goodnick. "The Great Revolt against Naram-Sin". Legends of the Kings of Akkade: The Texts, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 221-262, 1997

300:. The Sumerian King List gives the length of his reign as 56 years, and at least 20 of his year-names are known, referring to military actions against various places such as 452:, among others. We know of these events from a number of Old Babylonian copies of earlier inscriptions as well as one contemporary record from the Old Akkadian period. The 2180:

Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke, "A selection from the miscellaneous inscriptions of Assyria and Babylonia", in The Cuneiform inscriptions of Western Asia, vol. 5, London, 1884

814:, at Pir Hüseyin in a well, though this was not its original context. It is said to have been first found Miyafarkin, a village about 75 kilometers northeast of Diarbekr. 2316:

Al-Hussainy, Abbas Ali Abbas, "The civilized achievements of the Akkadian king Naram-Sin A Research in his Artistic Remains and The Date Formulas", ISIN Journal 3, 2022

2461: 563:. It has been suggested that the formal treaty allowed Naram-Sin to have peace on his eastern borders, so that he could deal more effectively with the threat from 1559:

Weiss, Harvey, " Excavations at Tell Leilan and the Origins of North Mesopotamian cities in the Third Millennium B.C.", Paléorient, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 39–52, 1983

2325:

Glassner, J. J., "Naram-Sîn Poliorcète. Les avatars d'une sentence divinatoire", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 3–10, 1983

1762:

Hinz, Walther, "Elams Vertrag mit Narām-Sîn von Akkade", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 58, no. Jahresband, pp. 66-96, 1967

3908: 524:

Naram-Sin added "commander of all the land of Elam, as far as Parahsum," to his royal titulary. During his rule, "military governors of the country of Elam" (

1320: 2236: 1296: 2354:

Steinkeller, Piotr, "The Roundlet of Naram-Suen", History, Texts and Art in Early Babylonia: Three Essays, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 158-164, 2017

1332: 4037: 3913: 1577:

Wilcke, Claus, "Amar-girids Revolte gegen Narām-Suʾen", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 11-32, 1997

1156:

Stele of the Akkadian king Naram-Sin. The "-ra-am" and "-sin" parts of the name "Naram-Sin" appear in the broken top right corner of the inscription.

646:(ancient Urkesh) brought to light a sealing of Tar'am-Agade, a previously unknown daughter of Naram-Sin, who was possibly married to an unidentified 575: 1105:, with the main plot occurring in his personal temple. In the game, he is the self-proclaimed "God King" of Akkad, and is engaged in a war with the 810:

A similar stele fragment (ES 1027), 57 centimeters high by 42 centimeters wide by 20 deep, depicting Naram-Sin was found a few miles north-east of

4330: 6669: 3952: 3768: 1392:, trampling them and spearing them. Satuni, standing right, is imploring Naram-Sin to save him. Naram-Sin is also twice the size of his soldiers. 4708: 4429: 4340: 4029: 3744: 3686: 3682: 2454: 2372: 2335:

Piotr Michalowski, "New Sources concerning the Reign of Naram-Sin", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 233–246, (Oct., 1980)

1919:

Kraus, Nicholas Larry, "Tuṭṭanabšum: Princess, Priestess, Goddess", Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 85-99, 2020

658:

at Sippar, a son who was governor at Marad, an unnamed daughter who was ēntum-priestesses at Nippur, Bin-kali-šarrē, Lipit-ilē (governor at

3986: 3982: 3690: 1899:

Archi, Alfonso, and Maria Giovanna Biga, "A Victory over Mari and the Fall of Ebla", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 55, pp. 1–44, 2003

7395: 4433: 4240: 3811: 3774: 3740: 3315: 3311: 2644: 1928:

Michalowski, Piotr, "Tudanapšum, Naram-Sin and Nippur", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 173–76, 1981

1865:

Of Pots and Plans. Papers on the Archaeology and History of Mesopotamia and Syria presented to David Oates in Honour of his 75th Birthday

1423: 1100: 7039: 3598: 3442: 3307: 3303: 2584: 2343:

A. Poebel, "The ‘Schachtelsatz’ Construction of the Naram-Sîn Text RA XVI 157f.", Miscellaneous Studies, AS 14; Chicago, pp.23–42, 1947

1828:

I. J. Gelb, Sargonic Texts in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary 5, University of Chicago Press, 1970

837:. The stele is quite fragmentary, but attempts at reconstitution have been made. Depending on sources, the fragments were excavated in 798:. I took the stele of Naram-Sin and carried it off, bringing it to the land of Elam. For Inshushinak, my god, I set it as an offering." 400: 2338:

Nassouhi, Essad, "Un vase en albatre de Naram - Sin", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 91–91, 1925

2276:

Seton Lloyd, "The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest", Thames & Hudson, Inc, New York 1978

1908:

Sharlach, Tonia, "Princely Employments in the Reign of Shulgi", Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-68, 2022

466: 4326: 4322: 4236: 4033: 2790: 1857: 4437: 3694: 2447: 2159:

P.-A. Beaulieu, "The Reign of Nabonidus, King of Babylon 556–539 BC", (Yale Near Eastern Researches 10). New Haven and London, 1989

2038: 2357:

F.Thureau-Dangin, Une inscription de Naram-Sin", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 199–200, 1911

902:

One Mesopotamian myth, a historiographic poem entitled "The curse of Akkad: the Ekur avenged", explains how the empire created by

715:

depicts him as a god-king (symbolized by his horned helmet) climbing a mountain above his soldiers, and his enemies, the defeated

7586: 509:

there afterward adding "conqueror of Elam and Parahsum" to his royal titulary. The 3rd ruler, Manishtushu, conquered the city of

3840: 3594: 3574: 2319:

Boissier, Alfred, "Inscription de Naram-Sin", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 157–64, 1919

3547: 3256: 2190: 817:

Fragments of an alabaster stele representing captives being led by Akkadian soldiers is sometimes attributed to Narim-Sin (or

7549: 7502: 7472: 2144: 1720: 1675: 1452:

Lambert, W. G., "Narām-Sîn of Ešnunna or Akkad?", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 793–95, 1986

57: 1461:

von Dassow, Eva., "Narām-Sîn of Uruk: A New King in an Old Shoebox", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 61, pp. 63–91, 2009

5796: 3291: 3143: 3000: 2423: 2117: 1630:

Westenholz, Joan Goodnick, "Heroes of Akkad", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 327–36, 1983

1529: 1138: 6466: 4145: 2248: 1568:

Steve Tinney, A New Look at Naram-Sin and the "Great Rebellion", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 47, pp. 1-14, 1995

1960:

Van Dijk, Renate Marian, "The standards on the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin", Journal for Semitics 25.1, pp. 33-50, 2016

1593:

Douglas R. Frayne, "Akkad", The Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334–2113), University of Toronto Press, pp. 5-218, 1993

1033: 744:. The stele is 200 centimeters tall and 105 centimeters wide and is made from pinkish limestone. For contrast see the 7601: 7596: 2297: 2023: 1989: 1833: 1598: 4812: 806:

Detail, stele of Naram-Sin from Pir Hüseyin, near Diyarbakır, Turkey. 2254-2215 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul

1846:

Foster, B. R., "The siege of Armanum.", Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society, vol. 14, no. 1, pp 27-36, 1982

292:, expanding his empire up to the Mediterranean Sea. His "Victory Stele" depicts his triumph over Satuni, chief of 6460: 1782: 428:

At some point in his reign a widespread uprising occurred, a large coalition of city-states led by Iphur-Kis of

7606: 7591: 6533: 6080: 6004: 1872: 1408: 1157: 359:, are known, particularly seal impressions, which refer to him as governor of Lagash and at the time a vassal ( 7385: 7365: 6647: 6554: 6539: 6377: 6247: 6048: 5747: 5432: 2816: 2341: 2328:

Grayson, A. Kirk, and Edmond Sollberger, "L’insurrection générale contre Narām-Suen", RA70, pp. 103–128, 1976

2004:

J. de Morgan, "Description des objects d'art. Stele Triomphale de Naram-Sin", MDP 1, Paris, pp. 144-158, 1900

1958: 1826: 1500:

Cohen, Mark E. “A New Naram-Sin Date Formula.” Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 28, no. 4, 1976, pp. 227–32

825:) on stylistic grounds. In particular, it is considered as more sophisticated graphically than the steles of 1166: 7186: 6995: 6971: 6371: 5351: 2219: 1736: 6608: 5647: 5446: 4993: 4987: 3234: 2590: 2136: 834: 1113:; whom he angered after the sacking his temple. Naram-Sin was voiced and motion captured by Sami Karim. 7235: 7091: 6854: 6545: 6355: 5701: 5363: 5331: 5325: 3532: 1609:

William W. Hallo, "Royal Titles from the Mesopotamian Periphery", Anatolian Studies 30, pp. 89–19, 1980

1591: 1374: 712: 671: 20: 1917: 7372: 6980: 6866: 6848: 6698: 6360: 6224: 5925: 5740: 4637: 7611: 7358: 7003: 7000: 6923: 6893: 6836: 6822: 6228: 5212: 4950: 4367: 4151: 2994: 1123:, Volume F, the innermost chamber of the large floating quantum supercomputer known as the "Ark of 745: 506: 372: 222: 5205: 2100: 2044:, "Die Entdeckung der Stele des Naram-Sin in Pir Hüseyin", Istanbul Asariatika Nesriyati XII, 1934 1691: 1542: 939:(about 250 g or 8.8 oz) of wool. To prevent this destruction, eight of the gods (namely 923:

down from the hills east of the Tigris, bringing plague, famine and death throughout Mesopotamia.

7616: 7018: 6946: 6920: 6896: 6890: 6875: 6787: 6723: 6688: 6632: 6581: 6154: 4631: 4412: 4157: 3465: 2923: 1520:

Foster, B.R., "The Age of Agade. Inventing empire in ancient Mesopotamia". London New York, 2016

830: 448:, Kiritab, ak and GN" as well as "Amorite ghlanders". The rebellion was joined by the city of 7181: 7171: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6911: 6902: 6845: 6825: 6819: 6813: 6810: 6801: 6729: 6726: 6717: 6617: 6596: 6210: 5984: 5916: 5826: 5570: 5564: 5045: 4500: 4359: 3924: 3705: 3245: 3219: 3179: 2822: 2595: 1413: 1403: 1350:

Rock relief image at Darband-i-Gawr originally thought to be of Naram-Sin but since in dispute.

1025: 7492: 3798: 2827: 2287: 1710: 1665: 1628: 7541:

Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History

7462: 7425: 7347: 7224: 6884: 6860: 6816: 6804: 6798: 6795: 6750: 6744: 6720: 6685: 6641: 6629: 6626: 6623: 6611: 6605: 6593: 6587: 6406: 6316: 6313: 6304: 5867: 3944: 1362:"Naram-Sin, king of the four quarters, dedicated (this mace) to the goddess Ishtar at Nippur" 469:, "Naram-Sin and the Enemy Hordes" and "Gula-AN and the Seventeen Kings against Naram-Sin". 230: 7539: 7391: 3204: 2178: 6792: 6741: 6650: 6644: 6614: 6216: 6169: 6157: 5981: 5922: 5546: 5440: 5263: 4790: 3938: 3459: 2876: 355:. Several inscriptions of Lugal-ushumgal, who went on to serve the successor of Naram-Sin, 234: 62: 6253: 1937: 681: 8: 7297: 7152: 6857: 6807: 6732: 6682: 6635: 6620: 6599: 6298: 6284: 6172: 6105: 5928: 5819: 5761: 5525: 5198: 5038: 4757: 4562: 4379: 4192: 3508: 2719: 456:, discovered in 1974, was the base of a life-sized copper statue of Naram-Sin. It reads: 692: 531: 7523: 7337: 7214: 6775: 6714: 6708: 6236: 6200: 6113: 6094: 5990: 5987: 5940: 5906: 5903: 5858: 5549: 5534: 5519: 5195: 5192: 5183: 4942: 3845: 3118: 2971: 2888: 2691: 2082: 1418: 1286:

Fragment of a stone bowl with an inscription of Naram-Sin, and a second inscription by

1073: 579:

Naram-Sin mace head, c. 2254-2218 BC - Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago

5993: 2265: 983:

No human being walks because of the wild goats, vermin, snakes, and mountain scorpions

7545: 7498: 7468: 6761: 6735: 6711: 6693: 6493: 6414: 6322: 6191: 6163: 5978: 5946: 5937: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5861: 5849: 5764: 5685: 5537: 5531: 5498: 5492: 5063: 4936: 4800: 4622: 4348: 3947: 3941: 3749: 3717: 3262: 2471: 2373:

Naram-Sin Victory Stelae, with horned headress denoting divinity - Oriental Institute

2293: 2140: 2074: 2019: 1985: 1868: 1829: 1716: 1671: 1594: 1509: 988:

The plains where grew the heart-soothing plants, grew nothing but the 'reed of tears,

842: 768: 753: 702: 626: 214: 178: 131: 4925: 852:

It is thought that the stele represents the result of the campaigns of Naram-Sin to

829:

or those of Rimush or Manishitshu. Two fragments (IM 55639 and IM 59205) are in the

7421: 7333: 7279: 7210: 7197: 7176: 7141: 6990: 6778: 6747: 6602: 6578: 6346: 6343: 6337: 6292: 6185: 6166: 6160: 6116: 6099: 5943: 5934: 5931: 5855: 5852: 5690: 5575: 5162: 4252: 4186: 4174: 3867: 3414: 2704: 1844: 1808:

Cameron, G.G., "History of Early Iran", Chicago/London: University of Chicago, 1936

1385: 779: 732: 635: 600: 356: 308:. One unknown year was recorded as "the Year when Naram-Sin was victorious against 297: 285: 281: 136: 120: 2439: 245: 7342: 7328: 7303: 7256: 7219: 7205: 7029: 6878: 6831: 6738: 6703: 6575: 6570: 6498: 6472: 6328: 6203: 6197: 6182: 6175: 6129: 6119: 5952: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5834: 5782: 5618: 5552: 5540: 5528: 5516: 5501: 5480: 5399: 5303: 5300: 5274: 5189: 5168: 5156: 5123: 5117: 5087: 5009: 4819: 4171: 4126: 4080: 4074: 4064: 3854: 2954: 2932: 2699: 2395: 2130: 1667:

The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State

1271: 1246: 1213: 948: 903: 826: 790:"I am Shutruk-Nahhunte, son of Hallutush-Inshushinak, beloved servant of the god 749: 510: 502: 498: 453: 377: 276:

Terracotta brick stamp of Naram-Sin (Naram-Suen). Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul

218: 203: 190: 148: 86: 7381: 2619: 1048:

account of the excavation of a foundation deposit belonging to Naram-Sin (ruled

1019: 927:

became vastly inflated, with the poem stating that 1 lamb would buy only half a

7240: 6784: 6677: 6566: 6519: 6480: 6423: 6325: 6261: 6179: 6138: 6132: 6122: 6110: 5894: 5882: 5870: 5790: 5679: 5633: 5543: 5513: 5477: 5341: 5186: 5165: 5159: 5150: 5102: 5072: 5054: 5029: 5017: 4929: 4786: 4657: 4508: 4370: 4364: 4267: 4259: 4195: 4168: 4132: 3965: 3732: 3729: 3630: 3038: 2803: 2709: 2686: 2578: 2431: 894: 723:. The stele was broken off at the top apparently when it was carried away from 348: 321: 312:

in Kirasheniwe and took prisoner Baba the governor of Simurrum, and Dubul the

74: 7580: 7535: 7458: 7443: 7315: 7247: 7127: 6772: 6769: 6522: 6516: 6476: 6432: 6340: 6301: 6135: 6074: 5975: 5972: 5900: 5885: 5846: 5843: 5786: 5725: 5607: 5313: 5306: 5283: 5177: 5171: 5135: 5057: 5013: 4970: 4762: 4660: 4654: 4612: 4511: 4314: 4276: 4049: 3935: 3849: 3659: 3610: 3365: 3349: 3042: 2968: 2929: 2903: 2897: 2858: 2799: 2770: 2495: 2078: 2041: 1127:" (itself a reference to the Akkadian myth) is named "Throne of Naram-Sin". 1106: 920: 761: 289: 52: 47: 4397: 2119:

Fuad Basmachi, "An Akkadian Stele", Sumer, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 116-119, 1954

705:. The name Naram-Sin (𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪) appears vertically in the upper right. 280:

Naram-Sin defeated Manium of Magan, and various northern hill tribes in the

7488: 7285: 7163: 7097: 7015: 7006: 6937: 6863: 6766: 6510: 6411: 6334: 6188: 6144: 6024: 5949: 5909: 5840: 5837: 5831: 5770: 5722: 5710: 5624: 5601: 5594: 5510: 5504: 5474: 5286: 5258: 5240: 5231: 5180: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4866: 4836: 4642: 4554: 4451: 4388: 4336: 4165: 3890: 3825: 3815: 3726: 3677: 3562: 3542: 3538: 3323: 3187: 3047: 3027: 2980: 2939: 2726: 2681: 2530: 2515: 2400: 1120: 604: 429: 325: 317: 1185: 651: 199: 7300: 7291: 7146: 7100: 7085: 7076: 7070: 7012: 6914: 6872: 6842: 6839: 6781: 6638: 6590: 6501: 6420: 6417: 6400: 6310: 6125: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6037: 6027: 6015: 5864: 5805: 5758: 5734: 5728: 5719: 5713: 5658: 5621: 5604: 5588: 5522: 5507: 5495: 5483: 5454: 5421: 5418: 5280: 5255: 5252: 5246: 5153: 5114: 5111: 5099: 5084: 5081: 5069: 4976: 4964: 4955: 4904: 4898: 4848: 4845: 4833: 4830: 4766: 4743: 4726: 4712: 4703: 4473: 4402: 4392: 4244: 4229: 4223: 4207: 4204: 4107: 4086: 3996: 3959: 3882: 3723: 3513: 3438: 3433: 3426: 3396: 3382: 3345: 3195: 3104: 3019: 2989: 2975: 2744: 2730: 2675: 2610: 2540: 2510: 2388: 924: 822: 791: 741: 556: 544: 525: 414: 344: 316:

of Arame". Other year names refer to his construction work on temples in

254: 158: 110: 4466: 7309: 7306: 7288: 7265: 7250: 7244: 7124: 7121: 7079: 7067: 7061: 7046: 6917: 6908: 6905: 6899: 6881: 6851: 6659: 6584: 6525: 6391: 6331: 6194: 6088: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6041: 6033: 6021: 6009: 5755: 5731: 5716: 5652: 5614: 5591: 5585: 5489: 5228: 5060: 4958: 4917: 4907: 4901: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4851: 4839: 4827: 4824: 4794: 4740: 4737: 4550: 4529: 4505: 4481: 4310: 4201: 4198: 4189: 4180: 4099: 3990: 3876: 3831: 3819: 3663: 3501: 3497: 3446: 3267: 3175: 3101: 3097: 2841: 2714: 2664: 2658: 2322:

Foster, B. R., "Naram-Sin in Martu and Magan", ARRIM 8, pp. 25–44, 1990

2086: 1888: 1124: 1117: 1097: 266: 262: 5460: 1204:

Alabaster vase in the name of "Naran-Sin, King of the four regions" '(

1184:

The name "Naram-Sin" in cuneiform on an inscription. The star symbol "

1084:), and the sanctuary that Naram-Sin built to the moon god, located in 7318: 7261: 7118: 7088: 7082: 7073: 7058: 7052: 7034: 7009: 6887: 6869: 6656: 6653: 6513: 6440: 6426: 6397: 6385: 6307: 6278: 6018: 6012: 5777: 5707: 5664: 5661: 5610: 5393: 5310: 5296: 5293: 5249: 5243: 5225: 5147: 5138: 5108: 5105: 5096: 5078: 5075: 4913: 4910: 4774: 4770: 4746: 4694: 4681: 4651: 4546: 4542: 4420: 4280: 4017: 4012: 4008: 3977: 3894: 3871: 3835: 3720: 3643: 3566: 3558: 3525: 3422: 3406: 3378: 3341: 3210: 3168: 2985: 2864: 2750: 1077: 1056: 1045: 1000:

Who said "I would lie down in Akkad" found not a good sleeping place.

992:

Akkad, instead of its sweet-flowing water, there flowed bitter water,

931:(about 425 ml or 14.4 US fl oz) of grain, half a 846: 588: 410: 2289:

La Mésopotamie. Essai d'histoire politique, économique et culturelle

7268: 7094: 7055: 7049: 6926: 6507: 6504: 6449: 6446: 6388: 6319: 6269: 6232: 6085: 5627: 5486: 5468: 5451: 5389: 5316: 5290: 5237: 5219: 5129: 5004: 4895: 4886: 4874: 4842: 4806: 4782: 4732: 4700: 4676: 4648: 4618: 4606: 4599: 4585: 4579: 4514: 4424: 4406: 4318: 4296: 4292: 4177: 4103: 3932: 3886: 3863: 3858: 3789: 3784: 3753: 3570: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3361: 3282: 3127: 2959: 2949: 2944: 2935: 2871: 2854: 2625: 2572: 2214: 2212: 1192:(Moon God) is specially written with the characters "EN-ZU" (𒂗𒍪). 857: 811: 737: 552: 449: 340: 309: 7497:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables). 6486: 1338:

Fragment of a statue in the name of Naram-Sin, Louvre Museum Sb 53

404:

Bassetki Statue, 23rd century BC, from Bassetki, Iraq. Iraq Museum

7321: 7149: 7130: 7115: 7109: 7103: 6437: 6382: 6275: 6272: 6220: 6071: 5813: 5752: 5673: 5667: 5408: 5402: 5174: 5144: 4999: 4889: 4854: 4645: 4588: 4489: 4458: 4162: 3711: 3654: 3583: 3478: 3470: 3335: 3270: 3077: 3074: 3059: 3055: 2867: 2861: 2845: 2723: 996:

Who said "I would dwell in that" found not a good dwelling place,

952: 853: 783: 716: 655: 584: 560: 518: 490: 445: 329: 305: 293: 202:" a determinative marking the name of a god), was a ruler of the 143: 4574: 2209: 7112: 7106: 7064: 6975: 6443: 6394: 5969:

Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")

5767: 5670: 5655: 5639: 5384: 5369: 5234: 5141: 5132: 5066: 5023: 4892: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4778: 4750: 4691: 4582: 4477: 4304: 4183: 4095: 4083: 3714: 3671: 3636: 3617: 3589: 3486: 3418: 3356: 3299: 3251: 3160: 3131: 3087: 3084: 3034: 2964: 2882: 2835: 2785: 2760: 2755: 2734: 2551: 2525: 2500: 2408: 1389: 1287: 1085: 1081: 968: 940: 916: 818: 795: 724: 720: 650:(ruler) of Urkesh. A recently found cylinder seal, looted from 643: 564: 548: 477: 437: 382: 352: 258: 4569: 4121: 3793: 3391: 3386: 3214: 3199: 7312: 7294: 5809: 5415: 5396: 4462: 4373: 4344: 4271: 4003: 3667: 3554: 3473: 3401: 3278: 3274: 3156: 3094: 3090: 3051: 2838: 2780: 2775: 2765: 2738: 2520: 1110: 964: 908: 838: 659: 639: 540: 441: 339:

A few loyal local governors remained in place. This included

226: 4686: 3648: 1274:

is now thought to actually belong to his grandson Naram-Sin.

505:

though it remained restive. The 2nd ruler of Akkad, Rimush,

6266: 6030: 5957: 5801: 5557: 4668: 4523: 4445: 4286: 4214: 4043: 3929: 3760: 3735: 3623: 3604: 3373: 3331: 3286: 3226: 3164: 3111: 3080: 3009: 2909: 2851: 2848: 2795: 2639: 2631: 2601: 2561: 2545: 2535: 2505: 2417: 2412: 2404: 1189: 960: 944: 912: 757: 728: 592: 514: 486: 482: 433: 301: 229:

was in Nippur. His enduring fame resulted in later rulers,

195: 1855: 1314:

Copy of an inscription of Naram-Sin. Louvre Museum AO 5475

4263: 956: 424:

The Bassetki statue inscription in old Akkadian cuneiform

347:

and Karsum governor of the unlocated Niqqum. Another was

7432:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49. 2065:

McKeon, John F. X. (1970). "An Akkadian Victory Stele".

1004: 3900: 2556: 1856:

Buccellati, Giorgio; Kelly-Buccellati, Marilyn (2002).

872:

Soldier with sword, on the Nasiriyah stele of Naram-Sin

596: 7411:

Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.

1239: 1206: 975:

Its chariot roads grew nothing but the 'wailing plant,

360: 183: 32: 4932:

Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu

2191:"The Dark Pictures Anthology: House of Ashes Preview" 1384:. It shows him defeating the Lullibi, a tribe in the 634:

Among the known sons of Naram-Sin were his successor

4000:

Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter

2132:

The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character

1799:

Scheil, V, "Textes Élamites-Anzanites", MDP XI, 1911

767:

The inscription over the head of the king is in the

539:

An unknown Elamite king (sometimes speculated to be

217:), and was the third successor and grandson of King 2469: 2016:

A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC

884:

Naked captives, on the Nasiriyah stele of Naram-Sin

3803:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam) 2267:S. Smith, "Early History of Assyria", London, 1928 2128: 1973: 1076:of Naram-Sin was discovered and analysed by king 979:Moreover, on its canalboat towpaths and landings, 701:Naram-Sin stele, inscription of Naram-Sin in the 521:, installing imperial governors in those places. 237:as well as Naram-Sin of Uruk, assuming the name. 7578: 1858:"Tar'am-Agade, Daughter of Naram-Sin, at Urkesh" 1487: 1485: 570: 390:Seal of Lugal-ushumgal as vassal of Naram-sin. 225:". He became the patron city god of Akkade as 16:Ruler of the Akkadian Empire (c. 2254–2218 BC) 2455: 1979: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1270:This bronze head traditionally attributed to 665: 7446:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS. 7420: 4924:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk 3517:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk 1482: 7456: 6673:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon 1708: 782:added his own inscription to the stele, in 2462: 2448: 1580: 1096:King Naram-Sin is a character in the 2021 324:. He also built administrative centers at 265:. Naram-Sin's aunt was the High Priestess 73: 7373:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia 3969:"King of the four quarters of the world" 1659: 1657: 1655: 1130: 375:of the world, Lugalushumgal, the scribe, 7544:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5. 1938:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin at the Louvre 1290:(upside down). Ur, Iraq. British Museum. 1237:"Naran-Sin, King of the four regions" '( 893: 801: 625: 574: 530: 476: 419: 399: 271: 244: 7389: 2013: 1012:Excavations of Nabonidus (circa 550 BC) 7579: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7254: 6484: 6282: 4062: 4053:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer) 3957: 2881: 2064: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2018:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 199. 1963: 1775: 1652: 1188:" is a silent honorific for "Divine", 367:, "servant" or "slave") of Naram-Sin. 19:For other people named Naram-Sin, see 7534: 7379: 7346: 7341: 7332: 7284: 7223: 7218: 7209: 7204: 7195: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7161: 7027: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6979: 6970: 6960: 6955: 6944: 6935: 6829: 6564: 6471: 6369: 6359: 6245: 6093: 6002: 5824: 5817: 5775: 5699: 5677: 5645: 5631: 5600: 5584: 5458: 5430: 5406: 5361: 5322: 5267: 5203: 5036: 5021: 4998: 4985: 4948: 4798: 4755: 4629: 4605: 4597: 4560: 4498: 4487: 4457: 4441: 4410: 4377: 4357: 4335: 4302: 4211: 4143: 4131: 4090: 4002: 3994: 3922: 3703: 3457: 3450: 3412: 3339: 3321: 3290: 3243: 3209: 3194: 3186: 3173: 3154: 3142: 3125: 3109: 3072: 3025: 2999: 2921: 2886: 2814: 2638: 2607: 2600: 2589: 2570: 2443: 1663: 1091: 1005:Excavations by Nabonidus circa 550 BC 889: 535:Alliance Naram-Sin Awan Louvre Sb8833 58:King of the Four Corners of the World 7487: 2285: 1889:https://doi.org/10.1515/za-2021-2001 642:, and a Ukin-Ulmash. Excavations at 616:Inscription of Naram-Sin. E 2.1.4.26 440:, and including the city-states of " 371:Naram-Sin, the mighty God of Agade, 7511: 2047: 1863:. In Al-Gailani Werr, Lamia (ed.). 1326:Diorite base of statue of Naram-sin 1302:Gold foil in the name of Naram-Sin. 919:.) In his rage, Enlil summoned the 746:Victory Stele of Rimush over Lagash 603:(thought to be the ancient city of 395: 343:, as governor of the city-state of 194:, meaning "Beloved of the Moon God 13: 7467:. Getty Publications. p. 14. 7386:Chronology of the Neolithic period 7038: 6668: 6485: 6467:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt 6252: 6143: 5459: 5431: 5374: 5204: 4811: 4465: 2826: 2310: 2220:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre" 2007: 1783:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre" 1737:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre" 638:, Nabi-Ulmaš, who was governor of 630:Cylinder seal - Bin-kali-sharri BM 587:(location unknown but proposed as 497:Elam came under the domination of 472: 14: 7628: 7043:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint. 5379:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos 3190:("made the land of Elam submit") 2361: 2237:British Museum G56/dc11 BM 118553 2129:Samuel Noah Kramer (2010-09-17). 1984:. Thomson-Wadsworth. p. 41. 1949:Invited lectures, pp. 63-72, 1999 1240:𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪 𒈗 𒆠𒅁𒊏𒁴 𒅈𒁀𒅎 1207:𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪 𒈗 𒆠𒅁𒊏𒁴 𒅈𒁀𒅎 1039:Extract describing the excavation 771:and very fragmentary, but reads: 7464:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins 7390: 7380: 4685: 4573: 4568: 4396: 4125: 4120: 3951: 3797: 3792: 3647: 3546: 3477: 3390: 3385: 3255: 3218: 3213: 3203: 3198: 2993: 2643: 2630: 2618: 2583: 1867:. London: Nabu. pp. 11–31. 1510:Year-Names of Naram-Sin of Agade 1367: 1355: 1343: 1331: 1319: 1307: 1295: 1279: 1263: 1230: 1197: 1177: 1165: 1149: 1137: 1032: 1018: 877: 865: 691: 680: 7528: 7481: 7450: 7436: 7414: 7405: 6461:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt 2279: 2270: 2259: 2241: 2230: 2183: 2172: 2162: 2153: 2122: 2111: 2093: 2032: 1998: 1952: 1942: 1931: 1922: 1911: 1902: 1893: 1881: 1849: 1838: 1820: 1811: 1802: 1793: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1729: 1712:The Art of Elam CA. 4200–525 BC 1702: 1684: 1642: 1633: 1622: 1612: 1603: 1571: 1562: 1553: 1535: 1523: 1026:Nabonidus cylinder, from Sippar 257:. He was thus a nephew of King 249:Victory stele of Naram Sin 9068 7587:23rd-century BC kings of Akkad 7396:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia 6534:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt 6081:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt 6005:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt 4567:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad" 2351:Leiden 118), pp. 253-272, 2011 1982:Gardner's Art Through The Ages 1670:. Cambridge University Press. 1514: 1503: 1494: 1473: 1464: 1455: 1446: 1436: 1409:List of Mesopotamian dynasties 1172:Portrait of Naram-Sin (detail) 1158:Istanbul Archaeological Museum 1144:Seals in the name of Naram-Sin 1109:after being cursed by the god 591:) with its ruler Rid-Adad and 467:Great Revolt against Naram-Sin 1: 7366:Muslim conquest of the Levant 6612:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter 6555:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt 6540:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt 6378:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt 6248:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt 6049:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt 5748:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt 2014:Mieroop, Marc Van De (2015). 1429: 1378: 1252: 1219: 1060: 1049: 833:, and one (MFA 66.89) is the 207: 96: 5915:Fourth Babylonian dynasty (" 2649:(Uruk influence or control) 1709:Álvarez-Mon, Javier (2020). 571:Conquest of Armanum and Ebla 240: 7: 6609:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 5648:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt 5447:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt 4994:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt 4988:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt 4248:(Vassals of the Akkadians) 3235:Indus-Mesopotamia relations 2636:(Anonymous "King-priests") 2591:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations 2137:University of Chicago Press 1543:"CDLI-Archival View RT 165" 1397: 621: 261:and grandson of Sargon and 10: 7633: 7401: 7236:Sasanian conquest of Egypt 6663: 6546:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt 6430: 6404: 6356:Assyrian conquest of Egypt 5702:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt 5467:Third Babylonian dynasty ( 5364:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt 5326:Second Intermediate Period 4136:(vassal of the Akkadians) 3524: 2669:Early or legendary kings: 2368:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin 1375:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin 849:, both locations in Iraq. 672:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin 669: 666:Victory stele of Naram-Sin 481:Naram-Sin campaigned from 436:, joined by Enlil-nizu of 182: 21:Naram-Sin (disambiguation) 18: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7327: 7277: 7274: 7233: 7192: 7158: 7139: 6981:Parthamaspates of Parthia 6967: 6932: 6791: 6759: 6552: 6531: 6458: 6455: 6361:Assyrian conquest of Elam 6354: 6242: 6208: 6142: 6103: 5967: 5956: 5913: 5741:Third Intermediate Period 5556: 5427: 5271:Second Babylonian dynasty 5216:("Old Babylonian Period") 4982: 4934: 4698: 4666: 4638:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt 4610: 4594: 4541: 4538: 4521: 4443: 4428: 4387: 4354: 4300: 4284: 4258: 4250: 4221: 4146:First Intermediate Period 4140: 4116: 4072: 4057: 4041: 4016: 4007: 3981: 3976: 3788: 3767: 3748: 3739: 3700: 3675: 3658: 3634: 3621: 3616: 3602: 3587: 3578: 3530: 3506: 3431: 3371: 3354: 3319: 3298: 3292:Early Dynastic Period III 3240: 3224: 3152: 3150: 3139: 3066: 3017: 3007: 2918: 2895: 2811: 2742: 2673: 2656: 2653: 2594: 2567: 2494: 2478: 2428: 2393: 2385: 2380: 2292:. Le Seuil. p. 141. 898:The Curse of Agade AO6890 752:. The stele was found by 748:or the Victory stele of 223:King of the Four Quarters 154: 142: 130: 126: 116: 106: 92: 84: 72: 39: 28: 7602:3rd-millennium BC deaths 7597:3rd-millennium BC births 7359:Muslim conquest of Egypt 6823:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus 6654:Cleopatra VII Philopator 6151:Eight Babylonian Dynasty 5213:First Babylonian dynasty 4951:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt 4455:(vassal of the Gutians) 4152:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt 3144:Early Dynastic Period II 736:the first depictions of 373:king of the four corners 7444:"Rulers of Mesopotamia" 7187:Province of Mesopotamia 6996:Province of Mesopotamia 6972:Province of Mesopotamia 6947:Roman conquest of Egypt 6788:Antigonus II Mattathias 6582:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 6155:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II 4632:Middle Kingdom of Egypt 4158:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt 3466:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt 3001:Early Dynastic Period I 2924:Second Dynasty of Egypt 1249:lugal ki-ibratim arbaim 1216:lugal ki-ibratim arbaim 831:National Museum of Iraq 727:and carried off by the 253:Naram-Sin was a son of 7044: 6826:Philip II Philoromaeus 6820:Antiochus XII Dionysus 6814:Demetrius III Eucaerus 6811:Antiochus XI Epiphanes 6802:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus 6674: 6642:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 6597:Arsinoe III Philopator 6490: 6258: 6148: 5985:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I 5917:Second Dynasty of Isin 5464: 5437: 5380: 5209: 5092:(Non-dynastic usurpers 4816: 4501:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt 4470: 4360:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt 3925:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt 3706:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt 3533:Second kingdom of Mari 3246:Third Dynasty of Egypt 3180:Dumuzid, the Fisherman 2832: 2823:First Dynasty of Egypt 2286:Roux, Georges (1995). 2067:Boston Museum Bulletin 1980:Kleiner, Fred (2005). 1414:History of Mesopotamia 1404:List of kings of Akkad 1258:. Louvre Museum AO 74. 1225:. Louvre Museum AO 74. 1131:Artifacts of Naram-Sin 907:angered the chief god 899: 807: 800: 777: 631: 619: 580: 536: 494: 462: 425: 405: 393: 277: 250: 7607:Kings of the Universe 7592:Deified male monarchs 7430:The Ancient Near East 7348:Byzantine Mesopotamia 7262:Province of Asoristan 7225:Byzantine Mesopotamia 7042: 7035:Province of Asoristan 6817:Philip I Philadelphus 6805:Seleucus VI Epiphanes 6799:Antiochus VIII Grypus 6796:Seleucus V Philometor 6751:Antiochus VII Sidetes 6745:Antiochus VI Dionysus 6672: 6645:Berenice IV Epiphanea 6606:Ptolemy VI Philometor 6594:Ptolemy IV Philopator 6591:Berenice II Euergetis 6588:Ptolemy III Euergetes 6489: 6407:Neo-Babylonian Empire 6317:Marduk-apla-iddina II 6314:Marduk-zakir-shumi II 6305:Marduk-apla-iddina II 6256: 6211:Humban-Tahrid dynasty 6147: 5868:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur 5558:Middle Elamite period 5463: 5435: 5378: 5208: 4815: 4469: 4224:Third kingdom of Mari 3945:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II 3020:First kingdom of Mari 2830: 2817:Early Dynastic Period 2659:Proto-Dynastic period 1664:Potts, D. T. (2016). 897: 805: 788: 773: 629: 609: 578: 534: 517:and also the city of 480: 458: 423: 403: 369: 275: 248: 231:Naram-Sin of Eshnunna 79:Portrait of Naram-Sin 6793:Alexander II Zabinas 6657:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 6633:Ptolemy XI Alexander 6615:Ptolemy VIII Physcon 6170:Marduk-zakir-shumi I 6158:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 5982:Eulmash-shakin-shumi 5923:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu 5547:Marduk-apla-iddina I 5441:New Kingdom of Egypt 5264:Early Kassite rulers 4558:(Vassals of Ur III) 4539:(Vassals of UR III) 3939:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 3909:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II 3460:Old Kingdom of Egypt 2195:The Sixth Axis (TSA) 2101:"CDLI-Archival View" 1692:"CDLI-Archival View" 760:, and is now in the 235:Naram-Sin of Assyria 63:King of the Universe 7298:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz 6808:Antiochus X Eusebes 6636:Ptolemy XII Auletes 6627:Ptolemy X Alexander 6621:Ptolemy IX Lathyros 6600:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 6285:Neo-Assyrian Empire 6173:Marduk-balassu-iqbi 6106:Neo-Assyrian Empire 5929:Ninurta-nadin-shumi 5820:Syro-Hittite states 5526:Shagarakti-Shuriash 5199:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II 4193:Neferkare Pepiseneb 4092:Akkadian Governors: 2596:Pre-Dynastic period 1116:In the 2021 mobile 915:(Enlil's temple in 841:, al-Hay district, 169:, also transcribed 7524:Sumerian King List 7338:Palaestina Secunda 7215:Palaestina Secunda 7045: 6776:Alexander Jannaeus 6675: 6665:Hellenistic Period 6491: 6259: 6237:Humban-haltash III 6201:Nabu-shuma-ukin II 6149: 6114:Tukulti-Ninurta II 6095:Kingdom of Samaria 5991:Mar-biti-apla-usur 5988:Shirikti-shuqamuna 5958:Neo-Elamite period 5941:Marduk-shapik-zeri 5926:Itti-Marduk-balatu 5907:Tiglath-Pileser II 5904:Ashur-resh-ishi II 5859:Enlil-kudurri-usur 5550:Zababa-shuma-iddin 5535:Kadashman-Harbe II 5520:Kadashman-Enlil II 5465: 5438: 5381: 5210: 5196:Ashur-rim-nisheshu 5193:Ashur-bel-nisheshu 5184:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I 4943:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak 4817: 4471: 3846:Lugal-kinishe-dudu 3227:Old Elamite period 3119:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher 2972:Sekhemib-Perenmaat 2889:Jemdet Nasr period 2833: 2422:ca. 2254–2218 BC ( 2249:"CDLI-Found Texts" 2224:cartelfr.louvre.fr 1787:cartelfr.louvre.fr 1741:cartelfr.louvre.fr 1419:Sumerian king list 1092:In popular culture 1074:foundation deposit 935:of oil, or half a 911:by plundering the 900: 890:The Curse of Akkad 808: 719:led by their king 632: 581: 537: 495: 432:and Amar-Girid of 426: 406: 278: 251: 7574: 7573: 7568: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7551:978-1-62564-606-4 7536:Unger, Merrill F. 7504:978-0-14-193825-7 7474:978-1-60606-649-2 7241:Province of Egypt 7172:Province of Egypt 6952:Province of Egypt 6694:Antigonid dynasty 6494:Achaemenid Empire 6415:Nebuchadnezzar II 6323:Ashur-nadin-shumi 6192:Nabu-shuma-ishkun 6164:Nabu-shuma-ukin I 5979:Kashshu-nadin-ahi 5947:Marduk-ahhe-eriba 5938:Marduk-nadin-ahhe 5880:Asharid-apal-Ekur 5877:Tiglath-Pileser I 5874:Ashur-resh-ishi I 5862:Ninurta-apal-Ekur 5850:Tukulti-Ninurta I 5797:Kingdom of Israel 5765:Osorkon the Elder 5686:Shutrukid dynasty 5571:Igehalkid dynasty 5538:Adad-shuma-iddina 5532:Enlil-nadin-shumi 5499:Kadashman-Enlil I 5493:Kadashman-harbe I 4937:Sukkalmah dynasty 4801:Isin-Larsa period 4623:Shimashki Dynasty 4349:Puzur-Inshushinak 3948:Netjerkare Siptah 3718:Neferirkare Kakai 3263:Egyptian pyramids 2472:Ancient Near East 2438: 2437: 2429:Succeeded by 2146:978-0-226-45238-8 1722:978-1-000-03485-1 1677:978-1-107-09469-7 1388:, and their king 1242: 1209: 843:Wasit Governorate 769:Akkadian language 754:Jacques de Morgan 703:Akkadian language 385:, is thy servant. 215:middle chronology 164: 163: 7624: 7556: 7555: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7509: 7508: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7457:Thomas, Ariane; 7454: 7448: 7447: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7418: 7412: 7409: 7394: 7384: 7334:Palaestina Prima 7280:Byzantine Empire 7211:Palaestina Prima 7198:Byzantine Empire 7177:Syria Palaestina 7142:Palmyrene Empire 7128:Bahram VI Chobin 6991:Syria Palaestina 6779:Salome Alexandra 6762:Kingdom of Judea 6748:Diodotus Tryphon 6603:Cleopatra I Syra 6579:Ptolemy Keraunos 6347:Ashur-uballit II 6344:Sin-shumu-lishir 6338:Ashur-etil-ilani 6293:Sargonid dynasty 6186:Marduk-apla-usur 6167:Nabu-apla-iddina 6161:Shamash-mudammiq 6117:Ashurnasirpal II 6100:Kingdom of Judah 5944:Adad-apla-iddina 5935:Enlil-nadin-apli 5932:Nebuchadnezzar I 5856:Ashur-nirari III 5853:Ashur-nadin-apli 5691:Shutruk-Nakhunte 5576:Untash-Napirisha 5565:Kidinuid dynasty 5163:Shamshi-Adad III 4871:Dynasty of Larsa 4689: 4577: 4572: 4400: 4253:Shar-Kali-Sharri 4187:Neferkare Tereru 4175:Neferkare Khendu 4129: 4124: 3955: 3914:Kiku-siwe-tempti 3801: 3796: 3651: 3580:Kish III dynasty 3550: 3481: 3394: 3389: 3294:(2600–2340 BCE) 3259: 3222: 3217: 3207: 3202: 3146:(2700–2600 BCE) 3003:(2900–2700 BCE) 2997: 2914:(3100–2700 BCE) 2893:(3100–2900 BCE) 2647: 2634: 2622: 2598:(4000–2900 BCE) 2587: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2464: 2457: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2386:Preceded by 2378: 2377: 2304: 2303: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2268: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2245: 2239: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2216: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2187: 2181: 2176: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2151: 2150: 2126: 2120: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2073:(354): 226–243. 2062: 2045: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2011: 2005: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1977: 1971: 1967: 1961: 1956: 1950: 1946: 1940: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1915: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1862: 1853: 1847: 1842: 1836: 1824: 1818: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1800: 1797: 1791: 1790: 1779: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1744: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1661: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1631: 1626: 1620: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1601: 1589: 1578: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1512: 1507: 1501: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1480: 1477: 1471: 1468: 1462: 1459: 1453: 1450: 1444: 1440: 1386:Zagros Mountains 1383: 1380: 1371: 1359: 1347: 1335: 1323: 1311: 1299: 1283: 1267: 1257: 1254: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1224: 1221: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1181: 1169: 1153: 1141: 1065: 1062: 1054: 1051: 1036: 1022: 881: 869: 780:Shutruk-Nahhunte 738:battle standards 733:Shutruk-Nakhunte 695: 684: 636:Shar-Kali-Sharri 617: 601:Tulul al-Baqarat 583:The conquest of 485:in the east, to 444:, TiWA, Sippar, 396:The Great Revolt 391: 362: 357:Shar-Kali-Sharri 298:Zagros Mountains 290:Amanus Mountains 212: 209: 186: 185: 149:Dynasty of Akkad 137:Shar-Kali-Sharri 121:Shar-kali-sharri 101: 98: 77: 35: 34: 26: 25: 7632: 7631: 7627: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7621: 7612:Akkadian Empire 7577: 7576: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7560: 7559: 7552: 7533: 7529: 7521: 7512: 7505: 7486: 7482: 7475: 7455: 7451: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7419: 7415: 7410: 7406: 7343:Byzantine Syria 7329:Byzantine Egypt 7304:Farrukh Hormizd 7264: 7260: 7257:Sasanian Empire 7243: 7239: 7220:Byzantine Syria 7206:Byzantine Egypt 7145: 7037: 7033: 7030:Sasanian Empire 6950: 6855:Mithridates III 6835: 6832:Parthian Empire 6765: 6704:Seleucid Empire 6701: 6691: 6667: 6576:Ptolemy I Soter 6574: 6571:Ptolemaic Egypt 6543: 6537: 6497: 6479: 6475: 6473:Kings of Byblos 6464: 6436: 6410: 6381: 6375: 6349: 6329:Mushezib-Marduk 6299:Tiglath-Pileser 6297: 6288: 6265: 6251: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6206: 6204:Nabu-mukin-zeri 6198:Nabu-nadin-zeri 6183:Marduk-bel-zeri 6176:Baba-aha-iddina 6153: 6130:Adad-nirari III 6120:Shalmaneser III 6109: 6098: 6097: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6075:Menkheperre Ini 6052: 6045: 6044: 6008: 5994:Nabû-mukin-apli 5971: 5960:(1100–540 BCE) 5953:Nabu-shum-libur 5921: 5898:Ashur-nirari IV 5892:Ashurnasirpal I 5889:Shamshi-Adad IV 5835:Ashur-uballit I 5830: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5783:Kings of Byblos 5781: 5751: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5706: 5705: 5689: 5683: 5651: 5638: 5637: 5619:Neferneferuaten 5579: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5561:(1500–1100 BCE) 5553:Enlil-nadin-ahi 5541:Adad-shuma-usur 5529:Kashtiliashu IV 5517:Kadashman-Turgu 5502:Burnaburiash II 5481:Kashtiliash III 5473: 5450: 5444: 5414: 5413:(1600–1260 BCE) 5412: 5382: 5373: 5367: 5355: 5349: 5345: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5309: 5304:Peshgaldaramesh 5299: 5289: 5279: 5275:Sealand Dynasty 5272: 5269: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5224: 5217: 5215: 5190:Ashur-nirari II 5169:Puzur-Ashur III 5157:Shamshi-Adad II 5128: 5126: 5124:Adaside dynasty 5121: 5120: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5042: 5033: 5027: 5016: 5012: 5010:Kings of Byblos 5008: 5002: 4991: 4954: 4941: 4940: 4922:Uruk VI dynasty 4920: 4869: 4820:Dynasty of Isin 4810: 4804: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4736: 4730: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4690: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4641: 4635: 4617: 4578: 4566: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4528: 4518: 4504: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4461: 4454: 4450: 4436: 4432: 4423: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4382:(2150–2000 BCE) 4363: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4295: 4291: 4279: 4275: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4227: 4217: 4172:Djedkare Shemai 4161: 4155: 4149: 4135: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4081:Sargon of Akkad 4079: 4078: 4075:Akkadian Empire 4067:(2340–2150 BCE) 4065:Akkadian Period 4052: 4048: 4036: 4032: 4011: 3999: 3989: 3985: 3968: 3964: 3950: 3928: 3907: 3905: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3857: 3848: 3834: 3830: 3818: 3814: 3802: 3773: 3770: 3764: 3752: 3743: 3710: 3709: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3653: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3629: 3628: 3612: 3609: 3597: 3593: 3582: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3528:(2500-539 BCE) 3516: 3512: 3482: 3476: 3469: 3463: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3405: 3399: 3395: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3364: 3360: 3348: 3344: 3334: 3330: 3328: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3233: 3232: 3231:(2700–1500 BCE) 3230: 3178: 3167: 3130:("conqueror of 3116: 3100: 3093: 3083: 3069: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3032: 3023: 3015: 3012: 2992: 2928: 2927: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2892: 2834: 2820: 2807: 2748: 2679: 2668: 2662: 2648: 2642: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2615:(4000–3100 BCE) 2614: 2608: 2582: 2576: 2548: 2529: 2519: 2492: 2490: 2474: 2468: 2434: 2421: 2415: 2398: 2391: 2364: 2313: 2311:Further reading 2308: 2307: 2300: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2264: 2260: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2231: 2218: 2217: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2177: 2173: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2147: 2127: 2123: 2116: 2112: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2063: 2048: 2037: 2033: 2026: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1992: 1978: 1974: 1968: 1964: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1943: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1894: 1886: 1882: 1875: 1860: 1854: 1850: 1843: 1839: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1723: 1707: 1703: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1662: 1653: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1627: 1623: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1590: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1554: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1400: 1393: 1381: 1372: 1363: 1360: 1351: 1348: 1339: 1336: 1327: 1324: 1315: 1312: 1303: 1300: 1291: 1284: 1275: 1268: 1259: 1255: 1243: 1235: 1226: 1222: 1210: 1202: 1193: 1182: 1173: 1170: 1161: 1154: 1145: 1142: 1133: 1094: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1052: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1014: 1013: 1007: 998: 994: 990: 986: 981: 977: 904:Sargon of Akkad 892: 885: 882: 873: 870: 827:Sargon of Akkad 709: 708: 707: 706: 698: 697: 696: 687: 686: 685: 674: 668: 624: 618: 615: 573: 501:in the time of 475: 473:Control of Elam 454:Bassetki Statue 398: 392: 389: 243: 219:Sargon of Akkad 210: 204:Akkadian Empire 99: 87:Akkadian Empire 80: 67: 31: 30: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7630: 7620: 7619: 7617:Kings of Akkad 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7572: 7571: 7566: 7565: 7562: 7561: 7558: 7557: 7550: 7527: 7510: 7503: 7480: 7473: 7459:Potts, Timothy 7449: 7435: 7413: 7403: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7388: 7377: 7376: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7283: 7276: 7272: 7271: 7253: 7232: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7208: 7202: 7201: 7194: 7190: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7138: 7134: 7133: 7026: 7022: 7021: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6969: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6942: 6941: 6934: 6933:30 BCE–116 CE 6930: 6929: 6867:Mithridates IV 6849:Mithridates II 6828: 6790: 6785:Aristobulus II 6758: 6754: 6753: 6678:Argead dynasty 6662: 6567:Argead dynasty 6563: 6559: 6558: 6550: 6549: 6529: 6528: 6520:Artaxerxes III 6483: 6481:Kings of Sidon 6470: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6429: 6424:Labashi-Marduk 6403: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6326:Nergal-ushezib 6281: 6262:Black Pharaohs 6244: 6240: 6239: 6207: 6180:Ninurta-apla-X 6141: 6139:Ashur-nirari V 6133:Shalmaneser IV 6123:Shamshi-Adad V 6111:Adad-nirari II 6102: 6092: 6001: 5997: 5996: 5966: 5962: 5961: 5955: 5912: 5895:Shalmaneser II 5883:Ashur-bel-kala 5871:Mutakkil-Nusku 5827:Middle Assyria 5823: 5816: 5791:Kings of Sidon 5774: 5698: 5697:1155–1025 BCE 5694: 5693: 5680:Elamite Empire 5676: 5643: 5642: 5634:Hittite Empire 5630: 5598: 5597: 5582: 5581: 5555: 5544:Meli-Shipak II 5514:Nazi-Maruttash 5478:Burnaburiash I 5457: 5429: 5428:1531–1155 BCE 5425: 5424: 5405: 5360: 5320: 5319: 5266: 5202: 5187:Enlil-Nasir II 5166:Ashur-nirari I 5160:Ishme-Dagan II 5151:Sharma-Adad II 5103:Ashur-apla-idi 5094:1735–1701 BCE) 5073:Ashur-apla-idi 5055:Shamshi-Adad I 5050:1808–1736 BCE) 5035: 5030:Yamhad dynasty 5020: 5018:Kings of Sidon 4997: 4984: 4983:1800–1595 BCE 4980: 4979: 4946: 4945: 4933: 4797: 4787:Puzur-Ashur II 4754: 4697: 4664: 4663: 4658:Mentuhotep III 4627: 4626: 4609: 4604: 4596: 4595:2025-1763 BCE 4592: 4591: 4563:Ur III dynasty 4559: 4540: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4520: 4509:Neferkare VIII 4497: 4493: 4492: 4485: 4484: 4456: 4442: 4440: 4427: 4413:Gutian dynasty 4409: 4385: 4384: 4376: 4371:Nebkaure Khety 4365:Meryibre Khety 4356: 4352: 4351: 4334: 4301: 4299: 4283: 4256: 4255: 4249: 4220: 4210: 4196:Neferkamin Anu 4169:Neferkare Neby 4142: 4138: 4137: 4133:Lugal-ushumgal 4130: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4089: 4070: 4069: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4054: 4040: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4006: 4001: 3993: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3966:Lugalannemundu 3956: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3897: 3880: 3861: 3852: 3843: 3838: 3822: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3766: 3757: 3756: 3747: 3738: 3733:Djedkare Isesi 3730:Menkauhor Kaiu 3702: 3698: 3697: 3674: 3657: 3633: 3631:Pabilgagaltuku 3620: 3615: 3601: 3590:Akshak dynasty 3586: 3577: 3529: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3505: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3430: 3415:Enun-dara-anna 3410: 3409: 3370: 3353: 3338: 3320: 3318: 3296: 3295: 3289: 3242: 3238: 3237: 3223: 3208: 3192: 3191: 3184: 3183: 3172: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3123: 3122: 3108: 3071: 3064: 3063: 3039:Kullassina-bel 3024: 3016: 3005: 3004: 2998: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2894: 2885: 2880: 2831:Narmer Palette 2813: 2812:3100–2900 BCE 2809: 2808: 2741: 2671: 2670: 2655: 2654:3200–3100 BCE 2651: 2650: 2637: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2593: 2588: 2569: 2568:4000–3200 BCE 2565: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2523: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2470:Rulers of the 2467: 2466: 2459: 2452: 2444: 2436: 2435: 2432:Sharkalisharri 2430: 2427: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2381:Regnal titles 2376: 2375: 2370: 2363: 2362:External links 2360: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2298: 2278: 2269: 2258: 2240: 2229: 2208: 2182: 2171: 2161: 2152: 2145: 2121: 2110: 2092: 2046: 2031: 2024: 2006: 1997: 1990: 1972: 1962: 1951: 1941: 1930: 1921: 1910: 1901: 1892: 1880: 1873: 1848: 1837: 1819: 1810: 1801: 1792: 1774: 1764: 1755: 1746: 1728: 1721: 1701: 1683: 1676: 1651: 1641: 1632: 1621: 1611: 1602: 1579: 1570: 1561: 1552: 1534: 1522: 1513: 1502: 1493: 1481: 1472: 1463: 1454: 1445: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1424:House of Ashes 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1382: 2230 BC 1373: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1294: 1292: 1285: 1278: 1276: 1269: 1262: 1260: 1256: 2250 BC 1251:), limestone, 1236: 1229: 1227: 1223: 2250 BC 1218:), limestone, 1203: 1196: 1194: 1183: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1164: 1162: 1155: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1102:House of Ashes 1093: 1090: 1053: 2200 BC 1044: 1043: 1038: 1031: 1030: 1024: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1003: 891: 888: 887: 886: 883: 876: 874: 871: 864: 784:Middle Elamite 700: 699: 690: 689: 688: 679: 678: 677: 676: 675: 670:Main article: 667: 664: 623: 620: 613: 572: 569: 474: 471: 397: 394: 387: 349:Lugal-ushumgal 320:, Nippur, and 242: 239: 206:, who reigned 184:𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 146: 140: 139: 134: 128: 127: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 94: 90: 89: 82: 81: 78: 70: 69: 66: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33:𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7629: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7553: 7547: 7543: 7542: 7537: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7506: 7500: 7496: 7495: 7490: 7489:Roux, Georges 7484: 7476: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7460: 7453: 7445: 7439: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7417: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7397: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7353: 7352: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7335: 7330: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7316:Yazdegerd III 7314: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7282: 7281: 7273: 7270: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7258: 7252: 7249: 7248:Sahralanyozan 7246: 7242: 7237: 7230: 7229: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7212: 7207: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7191: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7136: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7108: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7093: 7090: 7087: 7084: 7081: 7078: 7075: 7072: 7069: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7057: 7054: 7051: 7048: 7041: 7036: 7032: 7031: 7024: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7005: 7004:Mithridates V 7002: 7001:Sinatruces II 6997: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6977: 6973: 6966: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6931: 6928: 6925: 6924:Artabanus III 6922: 6919: 6916: 6913: 6910: 6907: 6904: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6894:Tiridates III 6892: 6889: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6871: 6868: 6865: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6853: 6850: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6838: 6837:Mithridates I 6834: 6833: 6827: 6824: 6821: 6818: 6815: 6812: 6809: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6797: 6794: 6789: 6786: 6783: 6780: 6777: 6774: 6773:Aristobulus I 6771: 6770:John Hyrcanus 6768: 6764: 6763: 6756: 6755: 6752: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6740: 6739:Alexander III 6737: 6734: 6731: 6728: 6725: 6724:Antiochus III 6722: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6706: 6705: 6700: 6696: 6695: 6690: 6687: 6684: 6683:Alexander III 6680: 6679: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6618:Cleopatra III 6616: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6561: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6535: 6530: 6527: 6524: 6523:Artaxerxes IV 6521: 6518: 6517:Artaxerxes II 6515: 6512: 6509: 6506: 6503: 6500: 6496: 6495: 6488: 6482: 6478: 6477:Kings of Tyre 6474: 6468: 6463: 6462: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6433:Median Empire 6428: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6416: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6373: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6357: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6341:Sinsharishkun 6339: 6336: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6303: 6300: 6296: 6294: 6287: 6286: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6263: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6213: 6212: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6178:(five kings) 6177: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6159: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6140: 6137: 6136:Ashur-Dan III 6134: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6112: 6108: 6107: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6090: 6087: 6083: 6082: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6050: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6007: 6006: 5999: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5976:Ea-mukin-zeri 5974: 5973:Simbar-shipak 5970: 5965:1025–934 BCE 5964: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5918: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5901:Ashur-rabi II 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5886:Eriba-Adad II 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5847:Shalmaneser I 5845: 5844:Adad-nirari I 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5798: 5792: 5788: 5787:Kings of Tyre 5784: 5780: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5726:Ramesses VIII 5724: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5704: 5703: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5641: 5636: 5635: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5609: 5608:Amenhotep III 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5566: 5559: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5512: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5500: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5470: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5442: 5434: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5377: 5371: 5366: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5327: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5314:Melamkurkurra 5312: 5308: 5307:Ayadaragalama 5305: 5302: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5284:Itti-ili-nibi 5282: 5278: 5276: 5265: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5223: 5221: 5214: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5178:Ashur-shaduni 5176: 5173: 5172:Enlil-nasir I 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5136:Sharma-Adad I 5134: 5131: 5127:1700–722 BCE) 5125: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5058:Ishme-Dagan I 5056: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5031: 5026: 5025: 5019: 5015: 5014:Kings of Tyre 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4989: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4971:Amenemhat III 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4944: 4939: 4938: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4814: 4808: 4803: 4802: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4763:Puzur-Ashur I 4760: 4759: 4752: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4728: 4722: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4702: 4696: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4670: 4669:Third Eblaite 4665: 4662: 4661:Mentuhotep IV 4659: 4656: 4655:Mentuhotep II 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4614: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4535: 4534: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4512:Wahkare Khety 4510: 4507: 4503: 4502: 4495: 4494: 4491: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4453: 4449: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4414: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4380:Ur III period 4375: 4372: 4369: 4368:Neferkare VII 4366: 4362: 4361: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4315:Ur-Ningirsu I 4312: 4308: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4288: 4282: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4147: 4139: 4134: 4128: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4045: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4005: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3961: 3954: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3926: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3850:Lugal-kisalsi 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3708: 3707: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3632: 3627: 3625: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3534: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3461: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3359: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3269: 3264: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3239: 3236: 3229: 3228: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3149: 3145: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3070: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3043:Nangishlishma 3040: 3036: 3031: 3029: 3022: 3021: 3014: 3011: 3010:First Eblaite 3006: 3002: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2969:Seth-Peribsen 2967: 2966: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2930:Hotepsekhemwy 2926: 2925: 2917: 2911: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2899: 2898:Proto-Elamite 2891: 2890: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2800:Double Falcon 2798: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2752: 2747: 2746: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2706: 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267:En-hedu-ana 255:Manishtushu 211: 2254 159:Manishtushu 111:Manishtushu 107:Predecessor 100: 2254 7581:Categories 7310:Khosrow IV 7307:Hormizd VI 7289:Shahrbaraz 7266:Khosrow II 7251:Shahrbaraz 7245:Shahrbaraz 7125:Khosrow II 7122:Hormizd IV 7080:Shapur III 7068:Hormizd II 7062:Bahram III 7047:Ardashir I 6918:Pacorus II 6909:Vonones II 6906:Meherdates 6900:Vardanes I 6885:Orodes III 6882:Phraates V 6861:Sinatruces 6709:Seleucus I 6686:Philip III 6660:Arsinoe IV 6585:Arsinoe II 6526:Darius III 6392:Psamtik II 6332:Esarhaddon 6225:Ummanigash 6195:Nabonassar 6089:Bakenranef 6060:Pedubast I 6057:Takelot II 6054:Harsiese A 6042:Osorkon IV 6034:Shoshenq V 6022:Osorkon II 6010:Shoshenq I 5756:Amenemnisu 5732:Ramesses X 5717:Ramesses V 5665:Amenmesses 5653:Ramesses I 5615:Smenkhkare 5592:Hatshepsut 5586:Thutmose I 5490:Karaindash 5229:Sumu-la-El 5061:Mut-Ashkur 5052:(Amorites) 4959:Senusret I 4918:Rim-Sin II 4908:Silli-Adad 4902:Sin-Eribam 4864:Suen-magir 4861:Ur-du-kuga 4858:Iter-pisha 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7095:Bahram V 7056:Bahram I 7050:Shapur I 6927:Osroes I 6858:Orodes I 6852:Gotarzes 6840:Phraates 6505:Darius I 6502:Cambyses 6450:Astyages 6447:Cyaxares 6389:Necho II 6320:Bel-ibni 6270:Shebitku 6233:Indabibi 6086:Tefnakht 5628:Horemheb 5487:Agum III 5469:Kassites 5452:Ahmose I 5317:Ea-gamil 5301:DIŠ+U-EN 5291:Ishkibal 5238:Apil-Sin 5220:Amorites 5130:Bel-bani 5005:Biblical 4896:Nur-Adad 4887:Gungunum 4875:Naplanum 4843:Bur-Suen 4807:Amorites 4783:Sargon I 4733:Amorites 4677:Amorites 4649:Intef II 4619:Kindattu 4607:Ibbi-Sin 4586:Amar-Sin 4580:Ur-Nammu 4515:Merykare 4407:Apil-kin 4319:Pirig-me 4297:Ur-gigir 4293:Ur-nigin 4233:dynasty) 4178:Merenhor 4104:Epirmupi 3933:Userkare 3887:Entemena 3864:Ur-Lumma 3859:Meskigal 3790:Eannatum 3785:Kun-Damu 3769:Shushun- 3754:Enakalle 3613:kushanna 3599:Undalulu 3571:Iblul-Il 3495:Menkaure 3491:Bikheris 3484:Djedefre 3443:Me-durba 3368:shaengur 3362:En-hegal 3350:Labashum 3308:Agur-lim 3304:Abur-lim 3283:Qahedjet 3128:Enmerkar 2960:Wadjenes 2950:Horus Sa 2945:Nubnefer 2936:Nynetjer 2910:Susa III 2872:Sneferka 2855:Merneith 2573:Naqada I 2399:King of 2042:E. 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Knowledge

Naram-Sin of Akkad

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