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to Paris, where it arrived on 10 January 1849. The sarcophagus was then sculpted by marbler A. Seguin using innovative steam-machinery techniques. It was almost finished by
December 1853, but the final stages were delayed by the sudden death of Visconti that month and by
456:
468:
343:
On 2 April 1861, Napoleon's remains were finally transferred into the sarcophagus from the nearby chapel of Saint-JĂ©rĂ´me, where they had lain since 1840. The ceremony was somewhat subdued and only
Napoleon III, Empress
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180:, with an inscription above recalling Napoleon's wish to be buried in Paris. It is surrounded by a circular gallery supported by twelve pillars adorned with victories, sculpted by
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330:
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The monument took years to complete, partly because of the exceptional requirements for the stone to be used. The
Russian Shoksha quartzite, intended as an echo of the
515:
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Visconti created a circular hollow, or open crypt, beneath the soaring dome of the
Invalides. The crypt is accessed through a door flanked by two
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and transported to Paris with great difficulty. In total the project used stone from no fewer than ten different quarries in and around France,
107:
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131:) to decide on the location and outline of the funerary monument and select its architect. The committee was chaired by politician
922:"A French Artist Is Under Fire for Hanging a 'Disrespectful' Replica Skeleton of Napoleon's Horse Over the Military Leader's Tomb"
1611:
387:. Intended to boost support for collaboration in the French public, that initiative ended up precipitating a political crisis in
1751:
1732:
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was placed above the sarcophagus of
Napoleon. It is a copy in synthetic materials of the skeleton of Napoleon's favorite horse
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organised a competition in which 81 architects participated, whose projects were exhibited in the recently completed
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Je désire que mes cendres reposent sur les bords de la Seine au milieu de ce peuple français que j’ai tant aimé.
335:
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At its centre is a massive sarcophagus which has often been described as made of red porphyry, including in the
70:. While the tomb's planning started in 1840, it was only completed two decades later and inaugurated by Emperor
1254:
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The tombs of
Napoleon's brothers were completed shortly afterwards, also in the Dome church, namely that of
1271:
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used for late Roman imperial burials, was quarried in 1848 by
Italian engineer Giovanni Bujatti upon Tsar
1398:
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289:. That green granite block rests, in turn, upon a slab of black marble, 5.5m Ă— 1.2m Ă— 0.65m, quarried at
1046:
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two days before the ceremony. On 18 December 1969, the coffin was transferred underground in the
329:. Visconti was succeeded by Jules Frédéric Bouchet and, following the latter's death in 1860, by
322:
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1302:
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352:, other related princes, government ministers, and senior officials of the crown were present.
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In 2021, on the occasion of the second centenary of
Napoleon's death, an installation titled
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was selected as project architect in 1842 and finalised his design around mid-1843.
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contains a partly gilded statue of
Napoleon in coronation attire, also by Simart.
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716:"The Russian contribution to the edification of the Napoleon tombstone in Paris"
715:
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1592:
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1375:
1348:
1012:
903:[The ashes of the King of Rome were transported near Napoleon's tomb].
675:
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411:
294:
161:
122:
75:
67:
19:
1745:
1587:
955:
942:
901:"Les cendres du roi de Rome ont été transportées près du tombeau de Napoléon"
181:
79:
39:
325:, which he eventually renounced after having commissioned plans for it from
1456:
392:
388:
380:
318:
71:
51:
430:. The arrangement has generated controversy despite its temporary nature.
1646:
1069:
812:, Paris, Flammarion, coll. « L’histoire », 1973, p. 461 note 3.
804:
The stone cost around 200,000 francs, paid by France: L. LĂ©ouzon Le Duc,
614:
418:, which is preserved as a war trophy (following Marengo's capture at the
372:
384:
309:
1000:
905:
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47:
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until his death in June 1852. On the gallery's wall are ten large
856:
Hitler's Gift to France: The Return of the
Remains of Napoleon II
282:
379:
to be placed next to his father's, following a decision made by
321:'s alternative project to move his uncle's resting place to the
74:
on 2 April 1861, after its promoter Louis Philippe I, architect
926:
427:
376:
286:
185:
285:. The sarcophagus rests upon a base of green granite from the
264:
43:
969:
838:[Post-Mortem: The Emperor Rests in The Invalides].
521:
Inscription recalling Napoleon's wish to be buried in Paris
450:
visiting Napoleon's temporary tomb in the Invalides, 1855
16:
Repository for the remains of Napoleon Bonaparte in Paris
462:
Memorandum of the translation ceremony on 2 April 1861
791:
Lagrange, François. (January 2006). "Les Invalides".
753:
188:panels which celebrate Napoleon's achievements, by
98:The open crypt seen from the ground level of the
1743:
756:"Les Invalides: Le tombeau de Napoléon - Paris"
836:"Post-Mortem: L'Empereur repose aux Invalides"
985:
754:Huguenot, Karine; de Bruchard, Marie (2020).
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126:
111:View from the crypt's floor towards the dome
99:
55:
50:following their repatriation to France from
882:"December 1940: Return of L'Aiglon Part II"
749:
747:
1757:Buildings and structures completed in 1861
992:
978:
383:upon advice from his ambassador to France
277:as of mid-2021, but is actually a purple
135:and included writers and artists such as
898:
744:
735:French text from Napoleon's testament: "
714:Touret, Jacques; Bulakh, Andrey (2016),
709:
707:
705:
167:
106:
93:
18:
879:
852:
308:'s special permission, and shipped via
1772:Burial sites of the House of Bonaparte
1744:
1223:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
919:
533:Circular gallery with Simart's reliefs
973:
886:Reflections on A Journey to St Helena
772:
702:
355:
125:appointed a twelve-member committee (
121:In early 1840, the government led by
1728:
853:Poisson, Georges (28 October 2013).
899:Couvreur, Jean (19 December 1969).
723:Vestnik of St Petersburg University
371:On 15 December 1940, the coffin of
13:
1365:French campaign in Egypt and Syria
647:Stone mosaic of the imperial eagle
14:
1798:
1664:"China is a sleeping giant" quote
880:Tyrrell, John (24 January 2020).
823:Énigmes, curiosités, singularités
1727:
1719:
1718:
1135:
808:, p. 12, cited by Octave Aubry,
664:
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640:
625:
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467:
455:
440:
1606:Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker
913:
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873:
350:Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial
297:and the quartzite from Russia.
846:
828:
815:
798:
785:
773:Lewis, Robert (5 April 2024).
766:
729:
403:and covered by a marble slab.
160:. After a protracted process,
86:had all died in the meantime.
1:
1752:1861 establishments in France
690:Equestrian statue of Napoleon
201:centralisation administrative
145:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
89:
38:) is the monument erected at
999:
920:Sansom, Anna (13 May 2021).
859:. Enigma Books. p. 50.
391:and the abrupt dismissal of
252:. Two additional panels, by
62:, at the initiative of King
7:
1399:War of the Fourth Coalition
825:. (self-published). p. 158.
683:
617:and Simart's statue in the
10:
1803:
1708:Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)
1573:Column of the Grande Armée
1435:War of the Sixth Coalition
1411:War of the Fifth Coalition
1387:War of the Third Coalition
793:L'estampille/L'objet d'art
659:One of Pradier's victories
433:
114:
1716:
1632:
1560:
1538:Saint-Domingue expedition
1476:
1423:French invasion of Russia
1324:French Revolutionary Wars
1313:
1144:
1133:
1034:
1007:
331:Alphonse-Nicolas Crépinet
195:Pacification de la nation
1451:Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube
1047:Joséphine de Beauharnais
695:
410:by French visual artist
1583:Palace of Fontainebleau
779:Encyclopædia Britannica
323:Basilica of Saint-Denis
274:Encyclopædia Britannica
178:Francisque Joseph Duret
46:to keep the remains of
23:Sarcophagus of Napoleon
1371:Battle of the Pyramids
1176:Assassination attempts
1078:Carlo Maria Buonaparte
821:Raymond, René (1987).
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56:
35:
24:
956:48.85505°N 2.312540°E
375:was transported from
327:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
190:Pierre-Charles Simart
168:Design and completion
158:Palais des Beaux-Arts
110:
97:
84:Pierre-Charles Simart
78:, and main sculptors
22:
1393:Battle of Austerlitz
1250:Weaponry and warfare
840:Napoléon, prisonnier
806:Études sur la Russie
678:above the tomb, 2021
632:Stone mosaic of the
581:Université impériale
505:Atlante holding the
474:Atlante holding the
424:National Army Museum
364:in 1862 and that of
225:Université impériale
153:Commission des douze
128:Commission des douze
1652:Cultural depictions
1446:Battle of Vauchamps
1166:Coup of 18 Brumaire
1025:First French Empire
952: /
150:In April 1840, the
36:tombeau de Napoléon
1690:Retour des cendres
1669:German Romanticism
1619:Rue de la Victoire
1533:Law of 20 May 1802
1468:Battle of Waterloo
1429:Battle of Borodino
1117:Caroline Bonaparte
1065:Alexandre Walewski
961:48.85505; 2.312540
760:Fondation Napoléon
420:Battle of Waterloo
356:Later developments
259:retour des cendres
256:, commemorate the
133:Charles de RĂ©musat
117:Retour des cendres
113:
105:
101:DĂ´me des Invalides
58:retour des cendres
25:
1739:
1738:
1634:Legacy and memory
1578:Equestrian statue
1561:Homes and honours
1489:Concordat of 1801
1441:Battle of Leipzig
1417:Battle of EckmĂĽhl
1381:Battle of Marengo
1354:Battle of Bassano
1336:French Revolution
1218:Sale of Louisiana
1122:Pauline Bonaparte
866:978-1-9296-3167-4
509:and sword (Duret)
476:Crown of Napoleon
281:mined in Russian
279:Shoksha quartzite
254:François Jouffroy
137:Théophile Gautier
66:and his minister
1794:
1787:Joseph Bonaparte
1731:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1657:Napoleon complex
1599:Maison Bonaparte
1553:
1523:Organic Articles
1359:Battle of Rivoli
1315:Battles and wars
1299:
1285:
1234:Mesures usuelles
1162:
1139:
1109:JĂ©rĂ´me Bonaparte
1099:Lucien Bonaparte
1094:Joseph Bonaparte
1086:Letizia Ramolino
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634:Legion of Honour
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366:Joseph Bonaparte
362:JĂ©rĂ´me Bonaparte
339:
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249:LĂ©gion d'honneur
245:
239:
237:Code du commerce
233:
231:Cour des comptes
227:
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103:
64:Louis Philippe I
61:
1802:
1801:
1797:
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1793:
1792:
1791:
1762:Tombs in France
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1712:
1674:Napoleonic Code
1628:
1624:Warsaw monument
1568:Arc de Triomphe
1556:
1547:
1511:Infamous Decree
1506:Grand Sanhedrin
1484:Catholic Church
1472:
1463:Battle of Ligny
1405:Battle of Eylau
1330:Siege of Toulon
1309:
1293:
1279:
1207:Napoleonic Wars
1156:
1154:Stay in Auxonne
1146:Life and career
1140:
1131:
1127:Elisa Bonaparte
1104:Louis Bonaparte
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775:"Les Invalides"
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672:Memento Marengo
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408:Memento Marengo
397:Philippe PĂ©tain
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119:
92:
28:Napoleon's tomb
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1642:Bank of France
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1593:Longwood House
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1376:Siege of Jaffa
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1368:
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1356:
1351:
1349:Battle of Lodi
1346:
1343:13 Vendémiaire
1339:
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1327:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
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1288:
1287:
1286:
1272:2nd abdication
1269:
1267:Route Napoléon
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:1st abdication
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:Looting of art
1237:
1230:
1225:
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1186:
1180:Constitutions
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1013:Napoleonic era
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989:
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795:. N°21. p. 51.
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676:Pascal Convert
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547:Grands travaux
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448:Queen Victoria
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439:
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412:Pascal Convert
357:
354:
295:Carrara marble
243:Grands travaux
207:Conseil d'Etat
169:
166:
162:Louis Visconti
141:David d'Angers
123:Adolphe Thiers
91:
88:
76:Louis Visconti
68:Adolphe Thiers
15:
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1588:Les Invalides
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1501:Jewish people
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1777:Napoleon III
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319:Napoleon III
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72:Napoleon III
54:in 1840, or
52:Saint Helena
27:
26:
1782:Napoleon II
1647:Bonapartism
1548: [
1518:Protestants
1294: [
1280: [
1157: [
1070:Napoleon II
959: /
725:, Series 15
615:Napoleon II
485: [
373:Napoleon II
334: [
291:Sainte-Luce
1746:Categories
1679:Propaganda
1213:Coronation
944:48°51′18″N
598:Code civil
385:Otto Abetz
306:Nicholas I
213:Code civil
115:See also:
90:Background
1277:2nd exile
1260:1st exile
1171:Consulate
1091:Brothers:
1057:Children:
947:2°18′45″E
422:) at the
368:in 1864.
310:Kronstadt
219:Concordat
1767:Napoleon
1724:Category
1529:Slavery
1114:Sisters:
1018:timeline
1001:Napoleon
909:. Paris.
906:Le Monde
684:See also
613:Tomb of
601:(Simart)
584:(Simart)
567:(Simart)
550:(Simart)
478:and the
314:Le Havre
302:porphyry
174:atlantes
48:Napoleon
1733:Commons
1703:Studies
1245:Tactics
1228:Holland
1083:Mother:
1075:Father:
842:. 2011.
493:(Duret)
434:Gallery
416:Marengo
346:Eugénie
283:Karelia
1044:Wives:
1036:Family
927:Artnet
863:
428:London
377:Vienna
287:Vosges
186:relief
143:, and
32:French
1696:Penis
1612:Milan
1552:]
1545:Women
1494:Tiara
1477:Views
1298:]
1291:Death
1284:]
1161:]
719:(PDF)
696:Notes
619:cella
489:]
401:cella
389:Vichy
338:]
265:cella
44:Paris
1684:Tomb
1303:mask
1199:1815
1194:1804
1189:1802
1184:1799
861:ISBN
312:and
262:. A
82:and
426:in
395:by
176:by
42:in
1748::
1550:fr
1296:fr
1282:fr
1159:fr
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