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the subject of extremely negative press and was portrayed as a villain in much of the literature from his time, for example in the poems of
Tsunada Tadayuki. Historians such as Miyauchi and Beasley consider that Ii was nonetheless a patriot who carried out all of his acts in the belief that they were for the good of Japan and the Emperor. They base this theory upon Ii's 1853 proposal concerning the Japanese negotiations with Commodore Perry, where Ii realized that Japan could not stand up to the Western powers and therefore suggested a policy of placation while the Japanese built up their armed forces (which was the policy chosen by the Meiji government). Ii's successors could not overturn his policy decisions, and his attitude towards the foreigners became the cornerstone of Japanese policy well into the Meiji period.
421:
636:. Naosuke broached the topic to the Imperial court through his Envoy Manabe Akibuke. Manabe was tasked with gauging the measure of acceptability for the proposed marriage between Shogun Iemochi and Princess Kazunomiya. Prominent court official Konoe Tadahiro responded favorably to the proposal, insinuating a marriage between the shogun and Princess Kazunomiya was possible if her present engagement failed. However, in March 1859 Konoe was forced to retire from the court by Naosuke's Ansei purge, and the idea of
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full backing of the bakufu officials, Ii ordered the Harris treaty to be signed. Soon after this Ii negotiated a number of similar unequal treaties with the Dutch, the
Russians, the British and the French. Bakufu critics considered the treaties signed by Ii Naosuke to have seriously compromised Japan's sovereignty, and recovery of this power became the basis of a large part of the policies formed during the Meiji period.
610:. Eight of the officials who were purged were executed; the remainder were forced into retirement. During the Ansei purge Ii Naosuke was able to force Hitotsubashi Keiki's supporters to retire and place Hitotsubashi and his family under house arrest. Ii Naosuke was also able to remove officials who had expressed unhappiness with his handling of the Harris treaty and the shogunal succession from public life.
59:
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464:(Great Elder); a decision influenced by the Kii Party. The position of Tairō, a post traditionally held by members of the Ii family, was rarely filled; in fact there had only been three Tairō between 1700 and Ii Naosuke's rise to power 158 years later. Ii's promotion to the post of Tairō annoyed many of the
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Ii's decision made him very unpopular with
Imperial loyalists, especially with the Mito samurai. Towards the end of 1858 the reformists went to the emperor with the hopes of restraining Ii. In response to the attempt by Tokugawa Nariaki and his supporters to denounce him in the emperor's court Ii had
535:
of the
Hitotsubashi faction were preventing him from presenting the treaty to the emperor by withholding their approval. At this time Harris started putting pressure on the shogunal officials to sign the treaty. Ii decided not to risk aggravating the Americans and on July 29, 1858, encouraged by the
303:
during Perry's mission to open Japan to the outside world. Realizing that Japan was faced with immediate military danger Ii argued that Japan should use their relationship with the Dutch to allow them to buy enough time to develop armed forces, which could resist invasion. Ii recommended that only
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After his death, Ii
Naosuke was quickly both vilified and defended. Even his enemies would admit that, along with Tokugawa Nariaki, Ii was one of the most important political figures of the late Edo period of Japanese history. Due to the often-tyrannical means Ii used to maintain his power, he was
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even wrote a poem praising Ii's assassins. Soon attempts were being made on the lives of other members of the bakufu and their informants. The wave of popular dissent also turned against officials with a connection to Ii
Naosuke, no matter how distant it was. Shimada Sakon, retainer of the Kujō,
262:
temple where he lived on a small stipend from his family. Fortunately for Ii, even though he was sent to the monastery, his 13 elder brothers were either adopted into other families who needed an heir, or died before they succeeded their father. Accordingly, when his father died in 1850, Ii was
790:
After Ii
Naosuke's death, the Ii family was disgraced for many years; recently, however, Ii's actions have been looked at in a more favorable light and Ii Naosuke has taken his place as one of the most important political figures of Japanese history. On October 7, 2009, Ii Naotake, a family
550:. Hitotsubashi Keiki was the reformist candidate, supported by the reformist faction, headed by his father Tokugawa Nariaki; his supporters pointed to his experience and skill in handling policy decisions. Ii was aware that Japan needed strong leadership, but unlike the reformist
724:(one of the Sekke families; the 5 regent houses, and among the most powerful in the court), Imperial regent, was killed by dissidents for supporting the Harris treaty and helping Ii's confidant, Nagano Shuzen, expose members of the court who were targeted during the Ansei purge.
640:
faded into the background until 1861, after the death of Ii
Naosuke. In 1861 due to the further deteriorating status of the shogunate the marriage between Tokugawa Iemochi and Princess Kazunomiya finally took place, though their marriage was cut short by Iemochi's death in 1866.
704:. The assassination of Ii Naosuke, who was seen as the symbol of the bakufu's power and authority, was construed as crushing any hopes for the resurrection of the shogunate's power. His assassins additionally left a note accusing him of building heretical
752:, a key member of the Meiji restoration and a main architect of the military and political foundations of early modern Japan and Japanese militarism, to show that any action can be forgiven if it is performed for the betterment of the emperor.
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or the
Emperor had the right to interfere. As head councilor of the Tokugawa house Ii was now free to influence the decision in favor of whichever candidate he preferred without any interference. In this way Ii was able to ignore the
573:
To end meddling in bakufu affairs, shortly after he signed the Harris treaty Ii settled the matter of the shogunal succession by claiming that the shogunal succession was a matter for the
Tokugawa house alone and neither the
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and the Bakufu were astounded and taken completely off-guard by the death of Ii Naosuke. They didn't even announce his death until several months after the assassination took place. Instead, during this time the
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Although Ii's Ansei purge was very effective in silencing the officials and his high ranking opponents, it did not have the same effect on lower-ranking samurai. Ii Naosuke's 20-month dictatorial reign as
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was a policy binding Kyoto and Edo closer together to shore up the failing shogunate with the prestige of the imperial court. This policy was to be carried out by means of a marriage between the
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499:. An intelligent and capable politician Ii Naosuke was determined to restore the power of the bakufu in Japanese policy making, both in a domestic and a foreign role.
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228:. Ii Naosuke managed to coerce the Tokugawa shogunate to the last brief resurgence of its power and position in Japanese society before the start of the
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Under Ii Naosuke's guidance, the Tokugawa shogunate navigated past a particularly difficult conflict over the succession to the ailing and childless
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566:. The bakufu supported such a young candidate because they felt that it would be easier for them to influence and control a young and inexperienced
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for their views in writing. However Ii faced a problem in the form of an obstructionist policy from members of the Hitotsubashi faction led by
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descendant of Naosuke, attended a memorial ceremony with the people of Fukui in reconciliation over the execution of Hashimoto Sanai in the
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of Hikone by his concubine. Since Naosuke was the 14th son, he was not in line for a prominent position and early in his life was sent to a
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693:, Ii was attacked by a band of 17 young samurai loyalists from the Mito Province and cut down just in front of one of the gates of the
606:. During the rest of 1858 and into 1859 Naosuke purged over 100 officials from the bakufu, the imperial court and the lands of various
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In 1858 after Hotta Masayoshi's disastrous attempt to obtain the emperor's approval for the Harris treaty the Tokugawa
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1139:
988:
546:, the members of the Hitotsubashi faction wanted to force Ii to support Hitotsubashi Keiki as the heir to the ailing
1234:
884:
Miyauchi, D. Y. (1970). "Yokoi Shōnan's Response to the Foreign Intervention in Late Tokugawa Japan, 1853–1862",
748:, even after death. Ii's assassins were later granted a general amnesty by the bakufu, a precedent later used by
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be opened for trade with foreigners Ii, like Hotta Masayoshi, refused to remain silent while shogunal advisor
910:
Hall, John Whitney. (1956). "The Motivation of Political Leadership in the Meiji Restoration, Yoshio Sakata",
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families) including Tokugawa Nariaki. As the Tairō Ii Naosuke had both prestige and power second only to the
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Gregorian calendar date of Saturday, March 24, 1860, is equivalent to the 3rd day, 3rd month of 7th year of
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Accounts of the dramatic event were sent via ship across the Pacific to San Francisco and then sped by
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In early 1859 Ii Naosuke's agent in the Imperial Court, Nagano Shuzen, approached him with the idea of
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as in Japan's best interests. In accordance with the protocol he asked the three house lords of the
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Ii Naosuke regarded the Harris treaty, which Hotta Masayoshi had negotiated with the American envoy
195:, Japan, a position he held from April 23, 1858, until his death, when he was assassinated in the
1131:
216:
17:
897:
Lamberti, Matthew. (1972). "Tokugawa Nariaki and The Japanese Imperial Institution: 1853–1858",
1003:
Walthall, Anne. (1995). "Off with their heads! The Hirata disciples and the Ashikaga shoguns,"
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s candidate, Tokugawa Yoshitomi who changed his name to Tokugawa Iemochi, as the 14th Tokugawa
2857:
299:. In 1853 Ii put forward a proposal concerning the Japanese negotiations with U.S. Commodore
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Lee, Edwin. (1967). "The Kazunomiya marriage: Alliance between the court and the bakufu",
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The death of Tairō Ii Naosuke started a wave of loyalist terrorism across Japan, the poet
673:) – the location chosen by Ii Naosuke's assassins for their attack in Ansei 7 (March 1860)
8:
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to American citizens. He was also an enthusiastic and accomplished practitioner of the
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and the bakufu first pretended that Ii was still alive and rendering service to the
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in their effort to bring about the downfall of Abe Masahiro and replace him with
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Ii became involved in national politics, rapidly rising to lead a coalition of
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Ii Naosuke was born on November 29, 1815, as the 14th son of Ii Naonaka, the
204:
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33:
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who supported Hitotsubashi Keiki, the reformist candidate for the office of
2010:
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709:
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432:
309:
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810:
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207:, granting access to ports for trade to American merchants and seamen and
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792:
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603:
237:
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508:
479:, they were unable to be members of the bakufu, but in the event of the
324:, leading them to strengthen their association with the Imperial court.
221:
style, and his writings include at least two works on the tea ceremony.
1962:
1183:
1053:
775:
740:. Then they faked an illness and had him render his resignation to the
425:
359:
105:
1449:
871:
Beasley, W. G. (1984) "The Edo Experience and Japanese Nationalism",
1260:
265:
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177:
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before announcing his death. In this way Ii continued to serve the
705:
444:
440:
305:
259:
2413:
1365:
1201:
460:
187:
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Ii was unwilling to sign the Harris treaty without approval from
466:
37:
665:
447:-ku designated tangible cultural property (historical material)
182:
528:
58:
613:
602:
a shogunal decree passed which allowed him to conduct the
150:
133:
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temples in Japan; this in fact referred to his allowing
1249:
27:
Feudal lord and statesman in Tokugawa Japan (1815–1860)
1079:
Nihon shi omoshiro suiri: Nazo no satsujin jiken wo oe
983:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 22-3.
712:
to return to the region, building on earlier Japanese
292:
s advisors. His childhood name was Tetsunosuke (鉄之介).
199:
on March 24, 1860. He is most famous for signing the
1057:, "Fukui, Hikone 'reconcile' over 1859 beheading",
1088:安政の大獄: 井伊直弼と長野主膳. Tokyo: Chūōkōron-shinsha 中央公論新社.
767:received the news about what had happened in Edo.
860:The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan
424:Portrait of Ii Naosuke, painted by his third son
2829:
1128:The Pursuit of Power in Modern Japan, 1825–1995.
1081:日本史おもしろ推理: 謎の殺人事件を追え. Tokyo: Futami bunko 二見文庫.
952:The Pursuit of Power in Modern Japan, 1825–1995
273:domain, and took the family name of Ii. As the
1114:Kaikoku shimatsu: Ii Kamon no Kami Naosuke den
1098:Nakamura Katsumaro, Akimoto Shunkichi (1909).
1074:. (Tales of the Wars of the Gempei). Yokohama.
263:called back from the monastery and became the
168:
1235:
1086:Ansei no Taigoku: Ii Naosuke to Nagano Shuzen
312:appeased the anti-foreign party. Ii led the
765:Japan's first diplomatic mission to the West
682:came to an abrupt end in the third month of
1242:
1228:
495:; Ii also enjoyed the full backing of the
173:, November 29, 1815 – March 24, 1860)
57:
976:
644:
797:
774:
664:
648:
419:
380:Ii Naoyasu (1851–1935) by Nishimura Sato
281:who were eligible for a position in the
779:Statue of Ii Naosuke at the grounds of
759:across the American West. On June 12,
700:s Edo castle entering to meet with the
614:Kōbu gattai and the Kazunomiya marriage
14:
2830:
1095:井伊直弼. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan 吉川弘文館.
2853:Politicians assassinated in the 1860s
1223:
1123:井伊直弼, 修養としての茶の湯. Tokyo: Sōbunsha 創文社.
1109:天皇の世紀. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha 朝日新聞社.
1070:Benneville, James Seguin de. (1910).
1121:Ii Naosuke, shūyō toshite no chanoyu
1116:開國始末: 井伊掃部頭直弼傳. Tokyo: Yoronsha 輿論社.
339:Foster father: Ii Naoaki (1794–1850)
24:
1077:Kusunoki Sei'ichirō 楠木誠一郎 (1991).
980:The Invention of Religion in Japan
899:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
632:and the Emperor's younger sister,
25:
2904:
2878:Assassinated Japanese politicians
2848:19th-century Japanese politicians
1153:photograph of Sakurada-mon (1902)
1145:
336:Mother: Otomi no Kata (1785–1819)
487:would be chosen from one of the
404:Ii Naoyuki (1858–1927) by Masako
377:Ii Naotomo (1849–1887) by Masako
320:. This alienated many reformist
1202:Tairō of the Tokugawa Shogunate
1105:Osaragi Jirō 大佛次郎 (1967–1974).
1046:
1028:
1019:
1010:
997:
970:
957:
944:
935:
562:, to ascend to the position of
539:Due to the frail health of the
407:Tokiko married Aoyama Yukiyoshi
1036:"The Japanese in Philadelphia"
926:
917:
904:
891:
878:
865:
852:
839:
826:
809:Ii is buried in the temple of
333:Father: Ii Naonaka (1766–1831)
13:
1:
1100:Lord Ii Naosuké and New Japan
820:
277:of Hikone, Ii was one of the
247:
232:. Ii was assassinated in the
1126:Tsuzuki, Chushichi. (2000).
1119:Tanimura Reiko 谷村玲子 (2001).
1112:Shimada Saburō 島田三郎 (1888).
1091:Mori Yoshikazu 母利美和 (2006).
1084:Matsuoka Hideo 松岡英夫 (2001).
967:, Vol. 22, Nos. 3–4, p. 290.
950:Tsuzuki, Chushichi. (2000).
912:The Journal of Asian Studies
669:Edo Castle's Sakurada Gate (
653:Edo Castle's Sakurada Gate (
371:Chiyoko (1846–1927) married
7:
458:chose Ii Naosuke to be the
244:samurai on March 24, 1860.
10:
2909:
31:
2794:
2655:
2411:
2065:
2044:
1447:
1363:
1258:
1208:
1198:
1190:
1180:
1168:
1160:
977:Josephson, Jason (2012).
875:, Vol. 18, No. 4, p. 562.
770:
327:
169:
157:
140:
120:
115:
111:
99:
87:
76:
69:
65:
56:
49:
2883:People murdered in Japan
1102:. Yokohama: Japan Times.
1072:Saitō Mussashi-bō Benkei
914:, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 41.
888:, Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 271.
845:McClain, James L. 2002.
483:dying heirless the next
413:
342:Wife: Masako (1834–1885)
1151:National Diet Library:
1132:Oxford University Press
1007:Vol. 50, No. 2, p. 143.
858:Beasley, W. G. (1999),
847:Japan: A Modern History
2775:(1864–1865, 1865–1867)
2739:(1839–1841, 1855–1856)
1977:(1864–1865, 1866–1868)
1923:(1862–1864, 1865–1868)
1893:(1747–1764, 1765–1767)
1713:(1697–1705, 1709–1710)
1647:(1665–1668, 1670–1673)
1422:Ii Naoyuki (1784–1787)
1413:(1696–1700, 1711–1714)
862:, Orion House, p. 192.
806:
783:
674:
662:
645:Death and consequences
448:
801:
778:
668:
652:
423:
285:, the council of the
213:Japanese tea ceremony
185:(1850–1860) and also
2893:1860 murders in Asia
2888:Japanese tea masters
2810:Matsudaira Yoshinaga
2318:Matsudaira Muneakira
2156:Matsudaira Tadachika
2144:Matsudaira Nobutsune
1867:Matsudaira Takechika
1789:Matsudaira Tadachika
1759:Matsudaira Nobutsune
1597:Matsudaira Nobutsuna
1417:Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu
1005:Monumenta Nipponica,
886:Modern Asian Studies
873:Modern Asian Studies
691:Sakuradamon incident
686:7 (March 24, 1860).
657:) – photographed by
373:Matsudaira Yoritoshi
234:Sakuradamon incident
197:Sakuradamon Incident
2873:People of Bakumatsu
2816:Matsudaira Katamori
2804:Matsudaira Katamori
2767:Matsudaira Yasuhide
2731:Sakakibara Tadayuki
2384:Matsudaira Munehide
2330:Matsudaira Nobuyori
2294:Matsudaira Norihiro
2192:Matsudaira Terutaka
2180:Matsudaira Sukekuni
2138:Ogasawara Nagashige
2005:Matsudaira Norikata
1993:Matsudaira Yasuhide
1981:Matsudaira Munehide
1879:Matsudaira Terutaka
1843:Matsudaira Norikata
1813:Matsudaira Terusada
1807:Matsudaira Nobutoki
1783:Matsudaira Norisato
1711:Ogasawara Nagashige
1699:Matsudaira Nobuyuki
1621:Matsudaira Norinaga
1585:Morikawa Shigetoshi
965:Monumenta Nipponica
634:Princess Kazunomiya
209:extraterritoriality
2402:Matsudaira Sadaaki
2132:Matsudaira Nobuoki
2084:Itakura Katsushige
2035:Tachibana Taneyuki
2017:Matsudaira Sadaaki
1252:Tokugawa shogunate
1063:, October 8, 2009.
1040:The New York Times
901:, Vol. 32, p. 109.
807:
784:
761:The New York Times
675:
663:
560:Tokugawa Yoshitomi
514:Hitotsubashi Keiki
449:
193:Tokugawa shogunate
2825:
2824:
2689:Kagazume Tadazumi
2677:Akiyama Masashige
2306:Matsudaira Yasutō
2096:Itakura Shigenori
2090:Makino Chikashige
2078:Okudaira Nobumasa
1957:Matsumae Takahiro
1921:Itakura Katsukiyo
1681:Itakura Shigetane
1645:Itakura Shigenori
1250:Officials of the
1218:
1217:
1209:Succeeded by
1181:Succeeded by
1025:Walthall, p. 166.
1016:Walthall, p. 149.
941:Lamberti, p. 119.
932:Lamberti, p. 118.
923:Lamberti, p. 117.
362:by Nishimura Sato
236:by a group of 17
181:(feudal lord) of
161:
160:
131:November 29, 1815
16:(Redirected from
2900:
2796:Kyoto Shugoshoku
2779:Yamaoka Takayuki
2755:Tsutsui Masanori
2713:Nakayama Naomori
2366:Wakisaka Yasuori
2174:Makino Sadamichi
2162:Makino Hideshige
2120:Tsuchiya Masanao
1891:Akimoto Sumitomo
1717:Akimoto Takatomo
1705:Tsuchiya Masanao
1651:Tsuchiya Kazunao
1543:Aoyama Tadatoshi
1507:Aoyama Narishige
1244:
1237:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1191:Preceded by
1161:Preceded by
1158:
1157:
1064:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1042:. June 12, 1860.
1032:
1026:
1023:
1017:
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2719:Sengoku Hisanao
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2683:Inoue Masashige
2671:Mizuno Morinobu
2651:
2407:
2390:Makino Tadayuki
2360:Naitō Nobuchika
2348:Makino Tadamasa
2342:Manabe Akikatsu
2312:Mizuno Tadakuni
2264:Aoyama Tadayasu
2252:Makino Tadakiyo
2228:Makino Sadanaga
2198:Inoue Masatsune
2186:Sakai Tadamochi
2150:Mizuno Tadayuki
2126:Naitō Shigeyori
2114:Inaba Masamichi
2061:
2040:
2023:Ōkōchi Masatada
1999:Mizuno Tadanobu
1951:Makino Tadayuki
1945:Arima Michizumi
1939:Sakai Tadashige
1933:Mizuno Tadakiyo
1885:Inoue Masatsune
1861:Honda Masayoshi
1795:Ōkubo Tsuneharu
1771:Mizuno Tadayuki
1723:Inaba Masamichi
1669:Hotta Masatoshi
1591:Aoyama Yukinari
1579:Sakai Tadakatsu
1573:Naitō Tadashige
1567:Inaba Masakatsu
1537:Naitō Kiyotsugu
1513:Sakai Tadatoshi
1501:Aoyama Tadanari
1477:Naruse Masanari
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544:Tokugawa Iesada
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2629:
2621:
2613:Sakuji-bugyō
2611:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2541:
2535:
2527:
2520:Kinzan-bugyō
2518:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2464:Gusoku-bugyō
2462:
2456:Gunkan-bugyō
2454:
2446:
2440:
2432:
2422:
2412:
2324:Ōta Sukemoto
2204:Abe Masasuke
2068:
2045:
2029:Sakai Tadatō
2011:Inaba Masami
1897:Abe Masahiro
1747:Abe Masataka
1693:Abe Masatake
1519:Sakai Tadayo
1448:
1431:
1375:Sakai Tadayo
1364:
1259:
1199:
1169:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1058:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1004:
999:
979:
972:
964:
959:
951:
946:
937:
928:
919:
911:
906:
898:
893:
885:
880:
872:
867:
859:
854:
846:
841:
833:
828:
808:
789:
785:
760:
757:Pony Express
754:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
718:
710:Christianity
701:
694:
688:
683:
679:
676:
671:Sakurada-mon
670:
659:Felice Beato
655:Sakurada-mon
654:
637:
629:
625:
619:
617:
607:
600:
595:
589:fudai daimyō
588:
584:
580:
575:
572:
567:
563:
555:
551:
547:
540:
538:
532:
522:
507:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
465:
459:
452:
450:
433:Yoita Domain
414:
348:Senda Shizue
345:Concubines:
321:
313:
310:Abe Masahiro
304:the port of
296:
294:
286:
278:
274:
270:
264:
253:
251:
230:Meiji period
223:
217:
186:
176:
163:
162:
146:(1860-03-24)
101:Succeeded by
78:
41:
29:
2843:1860 deaths
2838:1815 births
2818:(1864–1867)
2806:(1862–1864)
2757:(1854–1857)
2733:(1836–1837)
2727:(1699–1701)
2721:(1695–1719)
2703:(1655–1670)
2691:(1640–1650)
2685:(1632–1658)
2673:(1632–1636)
2667:(1632–1636)
2616:(post-1632)
2583:machi-bugyō
2543:Machi-bugyō
2528:machi-bugyō
2515:(post-1787)
2512:Kanjō-bugyō
2507:(post-1859)
2496:Jisha-bugyō
2491:(post-1864)
2482:(post-1853)
2459:(post-1859)
2451:(post-1858)
2433:machi-bugyō
2427:(post-1863)
2404:(1864–1867)
2398:(1863–1864)
2392:(1862–1863)
2380:(1858–1862)
2374:(1857–1858)
2368:(1851–1857)
2362:(1850–1851)
2356:(1843–1850)
2350:(1840–1843)
2344:(1838–1840)
2338:(1837–1838)
2332:(1834–1837)
2326:(1832–1834)
2320:(1828–1832)
2314:(1826–1828)
2308:(1825–1826)
2302:(1823–1825)
2296:(1818–1823)
2290:(1815–1818)
2284:(1808–1815)
2278:(1806–1808)
2272:(1804–1806)
2266:(1802–1804)
2260:(1801–1802)
2254:(1798–1801)
2248:(1792–1798)
2242:(1789–1782)
2236:(1784–1789)
2234:Toda Tadatō
2230:(1781–1784)
2224:(1777–1781)
2218:(1769–1777)
2212:(1764–1768)
2206:(1760–1764)
2200:(1758–1760)
2194:(1756–1758)
2188:(1752–1756)
2182:(1749–1752)
2176:(1742–1749)
2170:{1734–1742)
2164:(1724–1734)
2158:(1717–1724)
2152:(1714–1717)
2146:(1697–1714)
2140:(1691–1697)
2134:(1690–1691)
2128:(1687–1690)
2122:(1685–1687)
2116:(1681–1685)
2110:(1678–1681)
2104:(1670–1678)
2098:(1668–1670)
2092:(1654–1668)
2086:(1601–1619)
2080:(1600–1601)
2058:(1867–1868)
2031:(1867–1868)
2025:(1867–1868)
2013:(1866–1868)
2007:(1866–1868)
1995:(1865–1868)
1989:(1865–1867)
1983:(1864–1866)
1971:(1864–1865)
1965:(1864–1865)
1959:(1864–1865)
1953:(1863–1865)
1947:(1863–1864)
1941:(1863–1864)
1935:(1862–1866)
1929:(1862–1864)
1917:(1860–1862)
1911:(1840–1843)
1905:(1838–1844)
1899:(1837-1857)
1887:(1760–1763)
1881:(1758–1781)
1875:(1749–1764)
1869:(1746–1779)
1863:(1746–1758)
1857:(1746–1760)
1851:(1745–1761)
1845:(1745–1746)
1839:(1744–1749)
1833:(1742–1744)
1827:(1734–1746)
1821:(1732–1735)
1815:(1730–1745)
1809:(1730–1744)
1803:(1728–1735)
1791:(1724–1728)
1785:(1723–1745)
1779:(1722–1732)
1773:(1717–1730)
1767:(1714–1729)
1761:(1714–1716)
1755:(1713–1720)
1749:(1711–1717)
1743:(1705–1722)
1737:(1705–1713)
1731:(1704–1711)
1725:(1701–1707)
1719:(1699–1707)
1707:(1687–1718)
1701:(1685–1686)
1695:(1681–1704)
1689:(1681–1699)
1683:(1680–1681)
1677:(1679–1681)
1671:(1679–1681)
1665:(1677–1698)
1659:(1673–1676)
1653:(1665–1679)
1641:(1663–1679)
1635:(1657–1681)
1629:(1653–1666)
1623:(1642–1654)
1617:(1638–1651)
1611:(1635–1651)
1605:(1633–1666)
1603:Abe Tadaaki
1599:(1632–1662)
1593:(1628–1633)
1587:(1628–1632)
1581:(1624–1638)
1575:(1623–1633)
1569:(1623–1634)
1563:(1623–1626)
1557:(1622–1633)
1551:(1617–1628)
1545:(1616–1623)
1539:(1616–1617)
1533:(1611–1621)
1527:(1610–1638)
1521:(1610–1634)
1515:(1609–1627)
1509:(1608–1613)
1503:(1601–1606)
1497:(1601–1606)
1491:(1600–1622)
1485:(1600–1616)
1479:(1600–1616)
1473:(1600–1615)
1467:(1600–1613)
1461:(1593–1614)
1434:(1858–1860)
1428:(1835–1841)
1419:(1706–1709)
1407:(1681–1684)
1401:(1668–1676)
1395:(1666–1680)
1389:(1638–1656)
1383:(1638–1644)
1356:(1867–1868)
1350:(1858–1866)
1344:(1853–1858)
1338:(1837–1853)
1332:(1787–1837)
1326:(1760–1786)
1320:(1745–1760)
1314:(1716–1745)
1308:(1713–1716)
1302:(1709–1712)
1296:(1680–1709)
1290:(1651–1680)
1284:(1623–1651)
1278:(1605–1623)
1272:(1603–1605)
1060:Japan Times
836:(安政七年三月三日).
793:Ansei Purge
716:discourse.
661:, 1863–1870
638:kōbu gattai
626:Kōbu gattai
621:kōbu gattai
604:Ansei Purge
435:10th lord)
89:Preceded by
2832:Categories
2751:1853–1855)
2679:1632–1640)
2590:Rōya-bugyō
2424:Bugu-bugyō
1963:Abe Masato
1432:Ii Naosuke
1399:Ii Naozumi
1294:Tsunayoshi
1206:1858–1860
1184:Ii Naonori
1178:1846–1860
1093:Ii Naosuke
1054:Kyodo News
821:References
516:'s father
426:Ii Naoyasu
360:Ii Naonori
356:Children:
248:Early life
218:Sekishūryū
164:Ii Naosuke
127:1815-11-29
106:Ii Naonori
51:Ii Naosuke
2549:Nagasaki
2502:Kanagawa
2069:shoshidai
1426:Ii Naoaki
1411:Ii Naooki
1354:Yoshinobu
1312:Yoshimune
1194:Ii Naoaki
1164:Ii Naoaki
849:, p. 119.
811:Gōtoku-ji
803:Gōtoku-ji
215:, in the
203:with the
94:Ii Naoaki
83:1858–1860
79:In office
2657:Ōmetsuke
2620:Shimoda
2557:Niigata
2439:Fushimi
1276:Hidetada
1130:Oxford:
954:, p. 44.
706:Buddhist
558:of Kii,
509:gosankyō
445:Setagaya
441:Setagaya
437:Gotokuji
401:daughter
392:daughter
389:Manchiyo
383:daughter
365:daughter
306:Nagasaki
260:Buddhist
32:In this
2868:Ii clan
2644:Yamada
2477:Haneda
1348:Iemochi
1336:Ieyoshi
1318:Ieshige
1306:Ietsugu
1288:Ietsuna
1282:Iemitsu
689:In the
608:daimyōs
581:daimyōs
552:daimyōs
533:daimyōs
489:shinpan
473:daimyōs
469:daimyōs
467:shinpan
398:Michiyo
322:daimyōs
297:daimyōs
279:daimyōs
242:Satsuma
191:of the
153:, Japan
136:, Japan
38:surname
18:Naosuke
2812:(1864)
2787:(1868)
2781:(1868)
2769:(1864)
2763:(1862)
2745:(1844)
2715:(1684)
2709:(1670)
2697:(1650)
2636:Uraga
2628:Sunpu
2604:Sakai
2581:Osaka
2573:Osaka
2565:Nikkō
2526:Kyoto
2486:Hyōgo
2386:(1862)
2067:Kyoto
2037:(1868)
2019:(1867)
2001:(1866)
1797:(1728)
1440:(1865)
1377:(1636)
1342:Iesada
1330:Ienari
1324:Ieharu
1300:Ienobu
1270:Ieyasu
1261:Shōgun
1138:
987:
771:Legacy
746:shōgun
742:shōgun
738:shōgun
734:shōgun
729:shōgun
702:shōgun
695:shōgun
630:shōgun
596:shōgun
585:shōgun
568:shōgun
564:shōgun
556:daimyō
548:shōgun
541:shōgun
493:shōgun
485:shōgun
481:shōgun
477:shōgun
453:shōgun
328:Family
287:shōgun
283:bakufu
275:daimyō
266:daimyō
255:daimyō
240:and 1
183:Hikone
178:daimyō
175:was a
36:, the
2863:Tairō
2646:bugyō
2638:bugyō
2630:jōdai
2622:bugyō
2606:bugyō
2598:bugyō
2596:Sado
2575:jōdai
2567:bugyō
2559:bugyō
2551:bugyō
2536:bugyō
2534:Nara
2504:bugyō
2488:bugyō
2479:bugyō
2441:bugyō
2414:Bugyō
1366:Tairō
1200:12th
1175:(Ii)
1170:15th
834:Ansei
813:, in
698:'
684:Ansei
680:tairō
592:'
529:Kyoto
461:Tairō
415:Tairō
290:'
271:fudai
188:Tairō
170:井伊 直弼
2431:Edo
1450:Rōjū
1136:ISBN
985:ISBN
727:The
238:Mito
141:Died
121:Born
527:in
395:son
386:son
368:Son
151:Edo
134:Edo
40:is
2834::
1134:.
1038:.
817:.
795:.
624:.
598:.
570:.
520:.
428:.
42:Ii
1243:e
1236:t
1229:v
993:.
471:(
439:(
167:(
129:)
125:(
44:.
20:)
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