214:
31:
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1519:, a small town of 5,000 people, in 1983. Today, it has approximately $ 2 million in endowed principal, which generates approximately $ 110,000 annually to distribute in scholarships to high school graduates and fund special projects in the district, which can not be afforded by the tax base. To promote the development of endowment associations across Kansas, USD 368 Endowment Association, which received a statewide award recognizing, has developed a "starter kit" to assist other Kansas school districts in the organization and establishment of new endowment associations.
492:) is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund specifically set up for that purpose. To set up an endowed chair generally costs between US$ 1 and $ 5 million at major research universities. Typically, the position is designated to be in a certain department. The donor might be allowed to name the position. Endowed professorships aid the university by providing a faculty member who does not have to be paid entirely out of the operating budget, allowing the university to either reduce its student-to-faculty ratio, a statistic used for
540:
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artists", related feedback from an unnamed Native leader that "nce put the stuff in place for an Indian program, then it is not usually funded very well. It lasts as long as the program officer who had an interest and then goes away" and recommended that an independent endowment be established and that "ative leadership is crucial".
669:
indicates that major academic endowments often act in times of economic downturn in a way opposite of the intention of the endowment. This behavior is referred to as endowment hoarding, reflecting the way that economic downturns often lead to endowments decreasing their payouts rather than increasing
413:
Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will frequently control an endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to a general endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are
716:
Critics like
Justice Funders' Dana Kawaoka-Chen call for "redistributing all aspects of well-being, democratizing power, and shifting economic control to communities.". Endowment repatriation refers to campaigns that acknowledge the history of human and natural resource exploitation that is inherent
496:
and other institutional evaluations, or direct money that would otherwise have been spent on salaries toward other university needs. In addition, holding such a professorship is considered to be an honour in the academic world, and the university can use them to reward its best faculty or to recruit
467:
In the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment. The use of endowment funding is strong in the United States and Canada but less commonly found outside of North
645:
is often used to illustrate the downsides of the legal concept of donor intent as applied to endowments. In the 2000s, Helmsley bequested a multi-billion dollar trust to "the care and welfare of dogs". This trust was estimated at the time to total 10 times more than the combined 2005 assets of all
334:
and asked him to advise him about it. The
Prophet said, 'If you like, make the property inalienable and give the profit from it to charity.'" It goes on to say that Umar gave it away as alms, that the land itself would not be sold, inherited or donated. He gave it away for the poor, the relatives,
721:
Many might say that, by definition, philanthropy is about redistributing resources. Yet to truly embody this principle, philanthropy must move far beyond the 5% payout requirements for grants and distribute ALL of its power and resources. This includes spending down one's endowment, investing in
717:
to many large private funds. Repatriation campaigns ask for private endowments to be returned to the control of the people and communities that have been most affected by labor and environmental exploitation and often offer ethical frameworks for discussing endowment governance and repatriation.
522:
is tuition (and possibly other costs) assistance that is permanently paid for by an organisation or individual with the revenue of an endowment fund specifically set up for that purpose. It can be either merit-based or need-based (the latter is only awarded to those students for whom the college
509:
is a position permanently paid for to recruit and retain new and/or junior (and above) professors who have already demonstrated superior teaching and research. The donor might be allowed to name the faculty fellowship. A faculty fellow appointment cultivates confidence and institutional loyalty,
732:
After the Heron
Foundation's internal audit of its investments in 2011 uncovered an investment in a private prison that was directly contrary to the foundation's mission, they developed and then began to advocate for a four-part ethical framework to endowment investments conceptualized as Human
605:
In the United States, typically 4–6% of the endowment's assets are spent every year to fund operations or capital spending. Any excess earnings are typically reinvested to augment the endowment and to compensate for inflation and recessions in future years. This spending figure represents the
744:
in 2007. The Ford
Foundation provided a portion of the initial endowment after self-initiated research into the foundation's financial support of Native and Indigenous artists and communities. This results of this research indicated "the inadequacy of philanthropic support for Native arts and
174:
All endowments ensure that the original principal, inflation-adjusted, is held in perpetuity and prudent spending methods should be applied in order to avoid the erosion of corpus over reasonable time frames. Restricted endowments may also facilitate additional donor requirements.
166:
Quasi endowment funds are designated endowments by an organization's governing body rather than by the donor. Therefore, both the principal and the income may be accessed at the organization's discretion. Quasi endowment funds are still subject to any other donor restrictions or
186:
Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a particular subject are common; in some places, a donor could fund a trust exclusively for the support of a pet. Ignoring the restriction is called
523:
expense would cause their family financial hardship) depending on university policy or donor preferences. Some universities will facilitate donors' meeting the students they are helping. The amount that must be donated to start an endowed scholarship can vary greatly.
657:. He created a corporately structured foundation that could utilize community gifts in a responsive and need-appropriate manner. Scrutiny and control resided in the "live hand" of the public as opposed to the "dead hand" of the founders of private foundations.
797:
Generally, endowment taxes are the taxation of financial endowments that are otherwise not taxed due to their charitable, educational, or religious mission. Endowment taxes are sometimes enacted in response to criticisms that endowments are not operating as
162:
True endowment (also called permanent endowment). This is the type that is subject to UPMIFA in most states. The donor has stated that the gift is to be held permanently as an endowment, either for general purposes or for specific (or restricted)
395:), is a pond called Birkat Ḥabash together with its surrounding orchards, whose revenue was to be used to operate a hydraulic complex and feed the poor. In India, wakfs are relatively common among Muslim communities and are regulated by the
771:
which was used to protest apartheid policies. By the end of apartheid, more than 150 universities divested of South
African investments, although it is not clear to what extent this campaign was responsible for ending the policy.
526:
Fellowships are similar, although they are most commonly associated with graduate students. In addition to helping with tuition, they may also include a stipend. Fellowships with a stipend may encourage students to work on a
275:
The earliest universities were founded in Europe, Asia and Africa. Their endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made early
Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic
722:
local and regional economic initiatives that build community wealth rather than investing in Wall Street, giving up decision-making power for grants, and, ultimately, turning over assets to community control.
339:, the travelers and the guests. And it will not be held against him who administers it if he consumes some of its yield in an appropriate manner or feeds a friend who does not enrich himself by means of it.
191:" the endowment. But change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donor's intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called
1846:
779:
which refers to investments "made into companies, organizations, and funds with the intention to generate a measurable, beneficial social or environmental impact alongside a financial return."
445:
at both universities, this time in five subjects: divinity, civil law, Hebrew, Greek, and physic—the last of those corresponding to what is now known as medicine and basic sciences. Today, the
1755:
741:
844:
131:
2209:
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1371:"تعريف و شرح و معنى حبوس بالعربي في معاجم اللغة العربية معجم المعاني الجامع، المعجم الوسيط ،اللغة العربية المعاصر ،الرائد ،لسان العرب ،القاموس المحيط – معجم عربي عربي صفحة 1"
1074:
602:
and managed by a trustee or team of professional managers. Typically, the financial operation of the endowment is designed to achieve the stated objectives of the endowment.
2237:
1614:
158:
that helps define what restrictions are imposed on the principal and earnings of the fund. Endowments in the United States are commonly categorized in one of three ways:
824:
673:
Large U.S.-based college and university endowments, which had posted large, highly publicized gains in the 1990s and 2000s, faced significant losses of principal in the
408:
170:
Term endowment is created with a gift or funds set aside by the board which can be spent in their entirety upon a set date or occurrence, such as the death of the donor.
123:
1105:
1797:
103:
independent of the organizations and the causes the endowment is meant to serve. Institutions that commonly manage endowments include academic institutions (e.g.,
2732:
593:
151:
2044:
2075:
584:
which are typically endowed by an individual or family. The term foundation though may also be used by organizations not involved in public grant-making.
1994:
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889:
1035:
70:
or "corpus" value is kept intact, while a portion of the fund can be (and in some cases must be) spent each year, utilizing a prudent spending policy.
2194:
1887:
958:
414:
intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships (also known as named chairs), and endowed
364:(deed) documents are from the 9th century, while a third one dates from the early 10th century, all three within the Abbasid Period. The oldest dated
99:
that, while serving a good cause, might not qualify as a public charity. In some jurisdictions, it is common for endowed funds to be established as a
116:
2230:
1139:
1052:
476:
universities. Endowment funds have also been created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States.
979:
834:
618:
Students at Tufts
University in 2013 "marched forth on 4 March". The march was a divestment campaign with the goal of pressuring universities to
2183:
1746:
2306:
1529:
1908:
434:
1284:
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reported a loss of 31% ($ 545 million) of its previous year-end value in 2009. The loss is attributed to over-investment in hedge funds.
2704:
829:
689:, reported an endowment of $ 16 billion as of September 2009, a 30% annualized loss that was more than predicted in December 2008. At
1345:
as Royal
Offices: Mediterranean Universities of Medieval Europe", in Courtenay, William J.; Miethke, Jürgen; Priest, David B. (eds.),
851:
559:
139:
1066:
280:, although madrasas were generally smaller, and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree.
1048:
438:
213:
115:); cultural institutions (e.g., museums, libraries, and theaters); service organizations (e.g., hospitals, retirement homes; the
1606:
1559:
1773:
2167:
2119:
1329:
1309:
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through grants, but may engage directly in charitable activities. Foundations include public charitable foundations, such as
77:
1097:
30:
2094:
1447:
839:
1964:
391:
The earliest known waqf in Egypt, founded by financial official Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin Ali al-Madhara'i in 919 (during the
2526:
2521:
767:
campaigns to encourage endowments to not hold unethical investments. One of the earliest modern divestment campaigns was
17:
2429:
135:
1676:
350:
When a man dies, only three deeds will survive him: continuing alms, profitable knowledge and a child praying for him.
1473:
1263:
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1199:
457:
1585:
2314:
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768:
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religious or charitable purposes with no intention of reclaiming the assets. The donated assets may be held by a
2051:
1938:
685:, the pioneer of an approach that involved investing heavily in alternative investments such as real estate and
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2504:
2079:
1354:
2001:
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933:
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proportion that historically could be spent without diminishing the principal amount of the endowment fund.
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2202:
1490:
698:
678:
127:
43:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
1349:, Education and Society in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, vol. 10, Leiden: Brill, pp. 96–98,
959:"Ivy League Endowments 2015: Princeton University On Top As Harvard Struggles With Low Investment Return"
1819:
2813:
2386:
1131:
1276:
2596:
2546:
2484:
2444:
2391:
1607:"What is a foundation | Foundations | Funding Resources | Knowledge Base | Tools"
649:
In 1914, Frederick Goff sought to eliminate the "dead hand" of organized philanthropy and so created
2782:
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2026:
807:
666:
650:
543:
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469:
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799:
674:
619:
565:
555:
426:
92:
88:
2157:
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2514:
1189:
705:
697:'s endowment fell 27 percent to $ 2.04 billion in the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2009.
446:
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233:
225:
2634:
2419:
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2127:
654:
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473:
396:
55:
1700:
Brown, Jeffrey R.; Dimmock, Stephen G.; Kang, Jun-Koo; Weisbenner, Scott J. (March 2014).
54:
is a legal structure for managing, and in many cases indefinitely perpetuating, a pool of
8:
2709:
2561:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2424:
1702:"How University Endowments Respond to Financial Market Shocks: Evidence and Implications"
690:
67:
1995:"Native Arts and Cultures: Research, Growth and Opportunities for Philanthropic Support"
192:
2684:
2644:
2581:
2576:
2414:
581:
188:
96:
1491:"A Brief History of The Lucasian Professorship of Mathematics at Cambridge University"
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2215:
2163:
1469:
1350:
1325:
1305:
1259:
1236:
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915:
780:
1770:
1431:
Ibn Ḥad̲j̲ar al-ʿAsḳalānī , Bulūg̲h̲ al-marām, Cairo n.d., no. 783. Quoted in Waḳf,
1418:
Ibn Ḥad̲j̲ar al-ʿAsḳalānī , Bulūg̲h̲ al-marām, Cairo n.d., no. 784. Quoted in Waḳf,
693:, the endowment was reduced from $ 17 billion to $ 12 billion as of September 2009.
2489:
2358:
2269:
2101:
1727:
1717:
776:
758:
694:
569:
531:. Frequently, teaching or working on research is a mandatory part of a fellowship.
315:
204:
2131:
1567:
681:, which held $ 37 billion in June 2008, was reduced to $ 26 billion by mid-2009.
272:. Later, similar endowments were set up in some other major cities of the Empire.
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2439:
2401:
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2250:
1850:
1801:
1777:
1759:
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682:
547:
461:
392:
310:, which typically involves donating a building, plot of land or other assets for
296:
287:
261:
245:
217:
178:
An expendable endowment fund is one which can be spent in certain circumstances.
35:
1466:
Lady
Margaret Beaufort and Her Professors of Divinity at Cambridge: 1502 to 1649
1444:
1255:
A History of the
University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the Middle Ages
2494:
2409:
2286:
2246:
1972:
1855:
686:
642:
460:
at Cambridge beginning in 1669, more recently held by the celebrated physicist
368:
goes back to 876 CE, concerns a multi-volume Qur'an edition and is held by the
252:
in AD 176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the major schools of
112:
1515:
Kansas incorporated its first public school district endowment association in
1302:
A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages
1216:
A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 1: Universities in the Middle Ages
433:, created the first endowed chairs in divinity at the universities of Oxford (
2807:
2601:
2586:
2566:
2454:
1888:"What Do Our Times Require? Funders Propose a Philanthropic "Green New Deal""
1751:
1516:
1125:
1123:
856:
792:
754:
550:
reported assets of US$ 12.4 billion and approved US$ 507.9 million in grants.
122:
Private endowments are some of the wealthiest entities in the world, notably
1089:
195:
meaning to find an alternative "as near as possible" to the donor's intent.
2714:
2639:
2611:
2556:
2449:
1235:
Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008,
632:
453:
269:
237:
155:
108:
81:
63:
2159:
Unmaking the public university: the forty-year assault on the middle class
1722:
1701:
1394:
1120:
980:"Is Taxing Harvard, Yale and Stanford the Answer to Rising College Costs?"
510:
keeping the institution competitive over hiring and retention of talents.
452:
Private individuals also adopted the practice of endowing professorships.
2499:
1214:
Rüegg, Walter: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in:
1163:"Alexander of Aphrodisias > 1.1 Date, Family, Teachers, and Influence"
803:
539:
519:
415:
100:
59:
39:
2078:. The Commonwealth Fund 1 East 75th Street, New York, NY. Archived from
2664:
2434:
1732:
1581:
764:
422:
253:
388:, with no written date but considered to be from the mid-9th century.
119:); and religious organizations (e.g., churches, synagogues, mosques).
73:
528:
485:
257:
934:"Harvard's Endowment Soars to $ 53.2 Billion, Reports 33.6% Returns"
882:"Harvard's Endowment Soars to $ 53.2 Billion, Reports 33.6% Returns"
1942:
1635:
1020:
Newman, Diana, "Endowment Building", John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2005
373:
331:
302:
265:
241:
344:
Ibn Ḥad̲j̲ar al-ʿAsḳalānī , Bulūg̲h̲ al-marām, Cairo n.d., no. 784
1300:
Verger, Jacques: "Patterns", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.):
808:
depriving local governments of essential property and other taxes
733:
Capital, Natural Capital, Civic Capital, and Financial Capital.
599:
355:
Ibn Ḥad̲j̲ar al-ʿAsḳalānī , Bulūg̲h̲ al-marām, Cairo n.d., no. 78
327:
277:
221:
150:
Most private endowments in the United States are governed by the
104:
66:. Endowments are often structured so that the inflation-adjusted
1494:
399:
and governed by Wakf Act 1995 (which superseded Wakf Act 1954).
2264:
1132:"Bankrupt But Endowed – The NonProfit TimesThe NonProfit Times"
1098:"Monkey to Inherit House, Garden, Trust Fund – India Real Time"
506:
381:
311:
307:
249:
1191:
Aristotle's school; a study of a Greek educational institution
998:"Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2017 and 2016"
1661:
Rosenwald, Julius (May 1929). "Principles of Public Giving".
1194:. University of California Press. pp. 19––207, 213–216.
564:
A foundation (also a charitable foundation) is a category of
385:
336:
783:
provide capital to address social and environmental issues.
748:
421:
The practice of endowing professorships began in the modern
1058:
861:
825:
Lists of institutions of higher education by endowment size
701:
lost 18% in that same fiscal year, down to $ 1.08 billion.
409:
Lists of institutions of higher education by endowment size
402:
323:
283:
208:
62:, or other investments for a specific purpose according to
2076:"Ways and Means Questions Nonprofit Hospitals' Tax Status"
1699:
1464:
Collinson, Patrick; Rex, Richard; Stanton, Graham (2003).
646:
registered animal-related charities in the United States.
598:
A financial endowment is typically overseen by a board of
572:
that will typically provide funding and support for other
429:, Countess of Richmond and grandmother to the future king
1909:"The Resonance Framework: Guiding Principals and Values"
1000:. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. 3 September 2018
763:
Another approach to reforming endowments is the use of
513:
130:(valued at $ 53.2 billion as of June 2021) is the
2245:
87:
Endowments are often governed and managed either as a
2155:
2050:. The Global Impact Investing Network. Archived from
1903:
1901:
1868:
Burrows, Malcom D. (2010). "The End of Endowments?".
1055:, published 18 April 2019, accessed 15 November 2023
620:
eliminate investments in fossil-fuel related ventures
594:
Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act
441:). Nearly 50 years later, Henry VIII established the
152:
Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act
134:
in the world. As of 31 December 2022, the
1463:
1898:
1095:
1036:American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
2095:"Testimony Before House Ways and Means Committee"
80:headquarters complex in Seattle as seen from the
2805:
1324:by Niall Ferguson, Publisher: Allen Lane 2011 –
1246:
1129:
926:
181:
1229:
1064:
775:A proactive version of divestment campaigns is
704:In Canada, after the financial crisis in 2008,
2120:"Cambridge Seeks to Tax Earnings on Endowment"
1939:"Linden Endowment Repatriation Broadside v1.3"
1347:Universities and Schooling in Medieval Society
500:
2231:
2733:Private equity and venture capital investors
2092:
1269:
2768:
2748:
2705:Taxation of private equity and hedge funds
2522:Private investment in public equity (PIPE)
2238:
2224:
1468:. Cambridge University Press. p. 21.
2162:. Harvard University Press. p. 162.
1731:
1721:
1677:"Cleveland Foundation 100 – Introduction"
1660:
1654:
1438:
852:List of wealthiest charitable foundations
749:Divestment campaigns and impact investing
711:
560:List of wealthiest charitable foundations
534:
479:
154:which is based in part on the concept of
1749:, a September 11, 2009 article from the
1628:
1096:Dhanya Ann Thoppil (February 19, 2015).
1049:Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator
1016:
1014:
990:
909:
907:
873:
613:
609:
538:
497:top professors from other institutions.
403:Modern college and university endowments
212:
72:
46:was valued at $ 53.2 billion as of 2021.
29:
27:Legal structure for managing investments
2000:. Ford Foundation. 2010. Archived from
1867:
1804:, a September 3, 2009 article from the
1795:Stanford University endowment loses big
1551:
587:
142:, with an endowment of $ 67.3 billion.
14:
2806:
1108:from the original on February 22, 2015
777:impact investing, or mission investing
425:in England on September 8, 1502, when
2219:
1488:
1482:
1340:
1208:
1187:
1160:
1011:
904:
892:from the original on October 14, 2021
670:them to compensate for the downturn.
439:Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity
306:property, is a similar concept from
300:), also known as 'hubous' (حُبوس) or
295:
78:The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
2192:
2045:"2017 Annual Impact Investor Survey"
1780:, a September 10, 2009 article from
1304:, Cambridge University Press, 2003,
1258:, Cambridge University Press, 1992,
1218:, Cambridge University Press, 1992,
1065:Ashlea Ebelling (January 13, 2010).
660:
514:Endowed scholarships and fellowships
1681:The Cleveland Foundation Centennial
1322:Civilization: The West and the Rest
1167:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1067:"Caring For Fido After You're Gone"
449:has fifteen Regius Professorships.
435:Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity
291:
124:private higher education endowments
64:the will of its founders and donors
24:
2186:A Primer for Endowment Grantmakers
2149:
2117:
1965:"Introduction to Net Contribution"
1853:, an August 27, 2009 article from
1560:"Teacher, Scholar, Mentor, Friend"
1557:
1142:from the original on April 2, 2015
1130:Patrick Sullivan (June 12, 2012).
1077:from the original on April 2, 2015
913:
786:
742:Native Arts and Culture Foundation
740:'s co-founding of the independent
25:
2830:
2195:"Congress investigates endowment"
2177:
1588:from the original on Jun 26, 2014
136:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
2788:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2767:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2193:Dada, Kamil (February 1, 2008).
1617:from the original on Apr 4, 2017
1368:
1032:AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide
1030:"Not-for-Profit Organizations".
679:The Harvard University endowment
468:America, with the exceptions of
2210:12 SMA for Financial Endowments
2111:
2068:
2037:
2019:
1987:
1957:
1931:
1880:
1861:
1837:
1812:
1788:
1764:
1740:
1693:
1669:
1599:
1574:
1522:
1509:
1457:
1445:Lady Margaret's 500-year legacy
1425:
1412:
1387:
1362:
1334:
1315:
1294:
1291:, 2012, retrieved 26 July 2012)
1181:
1154:
769:Disinvestment from South Africa
626:
370:Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
2505:Publicly traded private equity
2156:Newfield, Christopher (2008).
2118:He, Ray C. (October 4, 2005).
1493:. Robert Bruen. Archived from
1042:
1023:
972:
951:
879:
128:Harvard University's endowment
44:Harvard University's endowment
13:
1:
2773:List of venture capital firms
1844:GW endowment drops 18 percent
1714:American Economic Association
867:
458:Lucasian Chair of Mathematics
205:University § Antecedents
182:Restrictions and donor intent
140:wealthiest private foundation
2753:List of private equity firms
2510:Business Development Company
1188:Lynch, John Patrick (1972).
802:or that they have served as
699:George Washington University
330:, so he came to the prophet
7:
2093:Jill Horwitz (2005-05-26).
1758:September 15, 2009, at the
813:
501:Endowed faculty fellowships
10:
2835:
2597:High-net-worth individuals
2387:Leveraged recapitalization
2212:(archived 4 February 2010)
1489:Bruen, Robert (May 1995).
1454:– University of Cambridge.
1252:de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde:
790:
752:
665:Research published in the
630:
591:
553:
546:in New York. In 2014, The
423:European university system
406:
202:
198:
132:largest academic endowment
2723:
2620:
2539:
2485:Limited liability company
2463:
2445:Venture capital financing
2400:
2392:Dividend recapitalization
2357:
2348:
2305:
2257:
1564:Celebrate Cornell Faculty
1530:"UCLA Endowment Minimums"
1395:"What is Waqf – Awqaf SA"
961:. Ibtimes.com. 2010-05-10
380:is a papyrus held by the
1849:August 31, 2009, at the
1747:Harvard fund loses $ 11B
1706:American Economic Review
1341:Pryds, Darleen (2000), "
1161:Frede, Dorothea (2009).
667:American Economic Review
651:the Cleveland Foundation
574:charitable organizations
544:Ford Foundation Building
236:were established by the
145:
2552:Institutional investors
1807:San Francisco Chronicle
1783:The Wall Street Journal
1771:Yale Endowment Down 30%
1277:Encyclopædia Britannica
1102:The Wall Street Journal
800:nonprofit organizations
736:Another example is the
2690:Liquidation preference
2655:Distribution waterfall
2607:Sovereign wealth funds
2027:"Does Divestment Work"
1433:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1420:Encyclopaedia of Islam
820:Foundation (nonprofit)
730:
712:Endowment repatriation
675:2008 economic downturn
623:
566:nonprofit organization
556:Foundation (nonprofit)
551:
535:Charitable foundations
480:Endowed professorships
427:Lady Margaret Beaufort
358:
347:
229:
224:who created the first
84:
47:
2763:Venture capital firms
2515:Venture capital trust
2124:Volume 125, Number 44
1723:10.1257/aer.104.3.931
1312:, pp. 35–76 (35)
1169:. Stanford University
1136:Thenonprofittimes.com
719:
706:University of Toronto
617:
610:Criticism and reforms
578:community foundations
542:
447:University of Glasgow
443:Regius Professorships
360:The two oldest known
348:
320:
216:
93:charitable foundation
89:nonprofit corporation
76:
33:
2819:Financial endowments
2743:Private equity firms
2471:Private equity firms
2420:Post-money valuation
2297:Equity co-investment
1663:The Atlantic Monthly
1636:"So nicely endowed!"
845:in the United States
655:community foundation
637:Community foundation
588:Fiduciary management
397:Central Wakf Council
2793:Portfolio companies
2710:Undercapitalization
2562:Insurance companies
2480:Limited partnership
2425:Pre-money valuation
2033:. October 20, 2015.
1892:Nonprofit Quarterly
1584:. Ford Foundation.
1287:15 May 2013 at the
1053:Accounting Glossary
1038:: 367. May 1, 2007.
984:Wall Street Journal
886:The Harvard Crimson
806:, or that they are
691:Stanford University
582:private foundations
505:An endowed faculty
376:. A possibly older
324:Umar Ibn Al-Khattab
322:Ibn Umar reported,
52:financial endowment
18:Named professorship
2645:Capital commitment
2415:Business incubator
2382:Buy–sell agreement
1870:The Philanthropist
1800:2009-09-06 at the
1776:2018-04-14 at the
1450:2007-05-16 at the
781:Impact investments
624:
552:
230:
220:, the Stoic Roman
97:private foundation
85:
48:
2814:Education finance
2801:
2800:
2650:Capital structure
2535:
2534:
2377:Divisional buyout
2372:Management buyout
2367:Financial sponsor
2184:Ford Foundation:
2169:978-0-674-02817-3
1894:. March 12, 2019.
1497:on 24 August 2012
1330:978-1-84614-273-4
1310:978-0-521-54113-8
661:Economic downturn
437:) and Cambridge (
16:(Redirected from
2826:
2791:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2592:Commercial banks
2582:Investment banks
2490:Carried interest
2355:
2354:
2258:Investment types
2240:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2205:on June 9, 2011.
2201:. Archived from
2173:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2134:on April 8, 2022
2130:. Archived from
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2100:. Archived from
2099:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
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2049:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1971:. Archived from
1969:Heron Foundation
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1941:. Archived from
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1915:. Archived from
1905:
1896:
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1884:
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1841:
1835:
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1622:
1603:
1597:
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1594:
1593:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1566:. Archived from
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1536:. Archived from
1526:
1520:
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1507:
1506:
1504:
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1486:
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923:
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899:
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759:Impact investing
728:
695:Brown University
570:charitable trust
494:college rankings
418:or fellowships.
356:
345:
335:the slaves, the
316:charitable trust
299:
293:
21:
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2804:
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2797:
2783:Angel investors
2719:
2670:High-yield debt
2623:financial terms
2622:
2616:
2531:
2459:
2440:Startup company
2396:
2350:
2344:
2301:
2253:
2251:venture capital
2244:
2180:
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2152:
2150:Further reading
2147:
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1913:Justice Funders
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1881:
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1862:
1851:Wayback Machine
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1802:Wayback Machine
1793:
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1778:Wayback Machine
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1591:
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1580:
1579:
1575:
1570:on May 1, 2005.
1556:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1540:on Mar 26, 2023
1534:UCLA Foundation
1528:
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1452:Wayback Machine
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1375:www.almaany.com
1369:Team, Almaany.
1367:
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835:in South Africa
816:
795:
789:
787:Endowment taxes
761:
751:
738:Ford Foundation
729:
727:Justice Funders
726:
714:
683:Yale University
663:
639:
629:
612:
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548:Ford Foundation
537:
516:
503:
482:
462:Stephen Hawking
411:
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357:
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343:
297:[ˈwɑqf]
262:Aristotelianism
246:Marcus Aurelius
218:Marcus Aurelius
211:
201:
184:
148:
113:private schools
36:Harvard College
28:
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22:
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2199:Stanford Daily
2190:
2179:
2178:External links
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2107:on 2016-03-05.
2067:
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2031:The New Yorker
2018:
1986:
1975:on 19 May 2019
1956:
1945:on 19 May 2019
1930:
1919:on 19 May 2019
1897:
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1856:The GW Hatchet
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1642:. 31 July 2004
1627:
1613:. 2013-06-18.
1598:
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1558:Miller, Paul.
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1399:awqafsa.org.za
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914:Kenton, Will.
903:
880:Ma, Virginia.
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791:Main article:
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687:private equity
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240:emperor and
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2577:Foundations
2500:Pledge fund
2292:Secondaries
1876:(1): 52–61.
1733:10220/20933
1716:: 931–962.
1501:6 September
1266:, pp. 47–55
1173:6 September
938:The Crimson
916:"Endowment"
896:October 14,
520:scholarship
518:An endowed
484:An endowed
308:Islamic law
60:real estate
40:Paul Revere
2808:Categories
2665:Envy ratio
2572:Endowments
2435:Seed money
2349:Terms and
2086:2007-01-22
2061:2017-03-14
1820:"Politics"
1686:2019-04-04
1621:2017-03-29
1611:GrantSpace
1592:2014-05-14
1544:2023-03-03
1380:2019-05-11
1356:9004113517
1004:2018-09-04
965:2022-07-18
944:2021-10-14
868:References
765:divestment
753:See also:
631:See also:
592:See also:
554:See also:
431:Henry VIII
407:See also:
384:Museum in
254:philosophy
203:See also:
2635:Cap table
2540:Investors
2464:Structure
2282:Mezzanine
2270:Leveraged
1824:Bloomberg
1243:, p. 55f.
840:in the UK
830:in Canada
529:doctorate
470:Cambridge
456:held the
258:Platonism
163:purposes.
117:Red Cross
68:principal
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2685:Leverage
2621:Related
2351:concepts
2128:The Tech
1847:Archived
1829:14 April
1798:Archived
1774:Archived
1756:Archived
1646:14 April
1640:Newsweek
1615:Archived
1586:Archived
1582:"Grants"
1448:Archived
1404:29 March
1285:Archived
1146:March 5,
1140:Archived
1112:March 5,
1106:Archived
1081:March 5,
1075:Archived
890:Archived
814:See also
725:—
600:trustees
374:Istanbul
353:—
342:—
332:Muhammad
303:mortmain
278:madrasas
266:Stoicism
189:invading
105:colleges
42:, 1767.
2695:M&A
2402:Venture
2307:History
2277:Venture
2138:May 20,
378:waqfiya
366:waqfiya
362:waqfiya
328:Khaybar
222:emperor
199:History
193:cy-près
167:intent.
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1071:Forbes
580:, and
507:fellow
474:Oxford
382:Louvre
312:Muslim
288:Arabic
268:, and
250:Athens
207:, and
111:, and
2475:funds
2340:2020s
2335:2010s
2330:2000s
2325:1990s
2320:1980s
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337:jihad
292:وَقْف
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238:Roman
146:Types
101:trust
2527:SPAC
2473:and
2430:SAFE
2249:and
2164:ISBN
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1981:2019
1951:2019
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1470:ISBN
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1351:ISBN
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