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276:. He left Zululand during the period largely known as mfecane with a large kraal of Shaka's cattle. Shaka had originally been satisfied that Mzilikazi had served the Zulu nation well and he rewarded Mzilikazi with cattle and soldiers. But after some time King Shaka of the Zulu Kingdom, assassinated the twins of Mzilikazi's sister— Ntombizodwa Ka Mashobana, who was later was known as Mafakašane. This led to a greater division between Mzilikazi and Shaka. It is unclear if Mzilikazi stole Shaka's cattle or if he raided them from neighbouring tribes. He first travelled to
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Voortrekkers began to arrive in the
Transvaal where Mzilikazi was king for 10 years. Voortrekkers discover that there was gold in Johannesburg area in 1836. This resulted in several confrontations of which Mzilikazi won several, until at length the Voortrekkers over powered Mzilikazi. The battle took
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Following this victory, the
Bakwena convinced Nkulumane to settle in their territory, arguing that it would be futile to return to the Zulu Kingdom as his father's enemies would probably kill him. Nkulumane settled and lived with his family in that area until his death in 1883. His grave, covered in
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After he was defeated by the
Voortrekker Boers in Transvaal during the tribe's wanderings north of the Limpopo, Mzilikazi became separated from the bulk of the tribe. They gave him up for dead and hailed his young heir Nkulumane as his successor. However, Mzilikazi reappeared after a traumatic
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which was the year when his son (Nkulumane) was born, Inyathi was abandoned in 1859 when one of his senior wives, Queen Loziba, died. His next capital was established at
Mhlahlandlela in Matopo District where he is buried. This became his second and last capital until he died at eNqameni near
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journey through the
Zambezi Valley and reasserted control. According to one account, his son and all the chiefs who had chosen him were put to death on his orders. A popular belief is that they were executed by being thrown down a steep cliff on the hill now called Ntabazinduna .
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For the next ten years, Mzilikazi dominated the
Transvaal. Mzilikazi eliminated all opposition and reorganised the captured territory to suit the new Matabele order. In 1831, after winning a battle against the
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methods to maintain a safe distance from all surrounding kingdoms. The death toll has never been satisfactorily determined, but it is believed that the region was so depopulated that the
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established
Mzilikazi Memorial Library which is the central library of all the city libraries. The King's bust was placed at the entrance of the library in celebration of his centenary.
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which carried diseases fatal to oxen. Mzilikazi therefore travelled again, this time southeastwards into what became known as
Matabeleland (situated in the southwest of present-day
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travellers, he remained mindful of the danger that they posed to his kingdom. In later years he refused some visitors access to his realm. The
Europeans who met Mzilikazi included
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The Wild Sports of
Southern Africa; Being the Narrative of an Expedition from the Cape of Good Hope, Through the Territories of the Chief Moselekatse, to the Tropic of Capricorn
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two years during which the Matabele suffered heavy losses. By early 1838, Mzilikazi and his people were forced northwards and out of Transvaal altogether, across the
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After resuming his role as king, Mzilikazi founded his nation at Ntabazinduna mountain and his first capital was at Inyathi where he ended up meeting his old friend
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321:. He decided to split his group in two. One of these groups moved north under military leader by Nkulumane, Mzilikazi's first born son, and
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a concrete slab, is on the outskirts of Rustenburg in Phokeng. The site of Nkulumane's grave is incongruously referred to as Mzilikazi's
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due to continued attacks by his enemies. He absorbed many members of other tribes as he conquered the Transvaal. He attacked the
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kraal at Esikhunjini, where the Ndzundza king Magodongo and others were kidnapped and subsequently killed at the Mkobola river.
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Path of Blood: The Rise and Conquests of Mzilikazi, Founder of the Matabele Tribe of Southern Africa
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with a sizeable delegation which included warriors. During his journey south, he passed through the
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referred to Mzilikazi as the second most impressive leader he encountered on the African continent.
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Another account claims that Nkulumane was not killed with the chiefs, but was sent back to the
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Further attacks caused Mzilikazi to move again, at first westwards into present-day
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After his arrival, he organised his followers into a militaristic system with
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623:"Appendix A: Indigenous systems of awards | South African Government"
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in a battle in which Nkulumane himself killed the neighbouring chief.
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224:. His name means "the great river of blood". He was born the son of
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This article is about the Matebele King. For the journalist, see
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attacks of 1847–1851 and persuade the government of the
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568:. Albemarle Street, London: John Murray. p.
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216:king who founded the Ndebele Kingdom now called
362:to sign a peace treaty with Mzilikazi in 1852.
667:History profile of Mzilikazi: King of Matabele
332:and then later northwards towards what is now
304:were able to occupy and take ownership of the
196:Cikose Ndiweni, a princess of the Amangwe clan
394:, medical doctor, ethnologist and zoologist;
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509:Dictionary of African Historical Biography
370:While Mzilikazi was generally friendly to
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272:Mzilikazi was originally a lieutenant of
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52:King Mzilikazi, as portrayed by Captain
639:The Zulus and Matabele: Warrior Nations
562:Harris, Sir William Cornwallis (1839).
161:(son), Nkulumane (son), and many others
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398:, hunter; and the missionary explorer
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692:People from Jozini Local Municipality
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188:(c. late 1700s – c. 1820s),
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212:1790 – 9 September 1868) was a
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16:King of Matabeleland (d. 1868)
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541:South African History Online
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636:Dodds, Glen Lyndon (1998).
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444:whom he had met in the
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312:Fighting with the Boers
595:Becker, Peter (1979).
457:on September 5, 1868.
360:South African Republic
460:In 1970, the City of
248:, Matabeleland (near
31:Mzilikazi kaMashobane
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476:Mzilikazi's Memorial
226:Mashobane kaMangethe
206:Moselekatse, Khumalo
186:Mashobane kaMangethe
140:(on 4 November 1868)
642:. Arms and Armour.
543:. 13 September 2011
111:Mkuze, South Africa
21:Mzilikazi wa Afrika
582:(arguably falsely)
446:Transvaal Republic
220:which is now part
649:978-1-85409-381-3
608:978-0-14-004978-7
601:. Penguin Books.
488:Mzilikazi's Grave
400:David Livingstone
262:David Livingstone
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56:, circa 1836
39:Matebeleland
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687:1868 deaths
222:of Zimbabwe
80:Predecessor
697:Zulu kings
676:Categories
547:22 January
511:. London:
494:References
423:Rustenburg
388:David Hume
349:regimental
338:tsetse fly
278:Mozambique
123:1868-09-09
71:Coronation
513:Heinemann
419:Transvaal
282:Transvaal
203:Mzilikazi
159:Lobengula
99:Lobengula
95:Successor
462:Bulawayo
372:European
342:Zimbabwe
330:Botswana
306:Highveld
286:Ndzundza
250:Bulawayo
234:Zululand
138:Zimbabwe
108:ca. 1790
75:ca. 1820
37:King of
450:Kuruman
421:, near
415:Bakwena
172:Khumalo
84:Founder
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455:Gwanda
352:kraals
334:Zambia
256:king,
246:Ingama
193:Mother
182:Father
145:Spouse
274:Shaka
258:Shaka
230:Mkuze
228:near
167:House
154:Issue
88:Shaka
62:Reign
644:ISBN
603:ISBN
549:2018
517:ISBN
427:impi
356:Boer
254:Zulu
117:Died
105:Born
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