2841:
palace. Women who belonged to workgroups did not belong to independent households, but were managed and fed by palace scribes. All of the women in a workgroup would serve the same occupation, such as textiles. Women in workgroups are not believed to have been able to acquire land holdings or have had economic independence of any kind, and are believed by some to have been slaves, though there are some conflicting debates among scholars concerning this. Though scholars are unsure if ordinary women could obtain land and exert economic power, there is evidence that women could obtain positions of power, such as the title of priestess, which allowed them to have land holdings, have elite connections, and high social status. Mycenaean society is believed to have been largely patriarchal, but women could exert social and economic power through titles and positions of power, like that of a priestess, though religion was not the only place that a woman could gain social authority. Women with special talents or skills, such as being a skilled midwife or craftswomen, could gain social authority in their villages, but are not believed to have been able to receive land holdings. Elite women (those who were married to male elites) were afforded benefits fitting their high social standing, but even the wife of elites could not own land and had no economic independence. Some scholars believe that
Knossos was probably more equal in relation to gender than Pylos, though the evidence for this is little and is highly disputed.
10147:... A more direct demographic connection can be proposed regarding the LBA Cretan and Greek mainland populations. Following an horizon of destructions targeting palatial centres and elite symbols in Crete (Late Minoan IB), material culture, funerary architecture and burial practices are believed to express innovations with features traditionally ascribed to the Mycenaean culture. On these grounds, an invasion of the island by people from the Greek mainland (around fifteenth century BC) has been proposed but remains highly contested. While unable to settle this debate decisively, the genetic analyses demonstrate that Cretan populations at larger port cities biologically mixed with populations coming to the island during the course of a few centuries. The presence of individuals with some of the highest Western Eurasian Steppe-related ancestry proportions within the Late Bronze Age Aegean (Crete LBA group C), despite fitting with a scenario that the Greek mainland was the only source of incoming people, could also suggest that populations from more distant areas (for example, Italy) contributed to the Crete LBA transition, a possibility that is supported in the material culture as well."
9218:, pp. 135–137: "Large kraters decorated in Pictorial Style are found almost exclusively in Cyprus, and for a long time it was naturally assumed that they were manufactured there, but a few examples have been found on the Greek mainland, mostly near Mycenae, and it has now been established that they were all manufactured at workshops close to Mycenae, probably at Berbati just to the east of the city, where there are the right clay sources. The ware was probably specifically made for export to Cyprus, where they were used as centerpieces for drinking ceremonies. The decoration appears to have been painted on at high speed and the effect is sometimes crude, Reynold Higgins calls it 'barbarous', which is a fair description, but the scenes showing warriors, horses and chariots can still tell us much about everyday life in Mycenaean Greece, and as much again about Mycenaean religious beliefs and mythology. One krater from Enkomi in Cyprus shows a charioteer with his groom riding along, perhaps into battle, while a long-robed god, Zeus perhaps, stands in his way holding the scales of destiny that will decide his fate. It is an archetypal scene reminiscent of several in the
6792:, p. 230: "Scholars during much of the twentieth century CE argued for a break between the Early and Middle Bronze Ages, theorizing in particular the arrival of Indo-European speaking peoples at this time. Research in the past thirty years, though, shows that despite destruction and abandonment of some settlements after EH II and EH III, the transition between these periods shows many signs of continuity Furthermore, the succeeding transition between EH III and MH I seems to have been less abrupt than previously thought, with evidence of continuity in some of the ceramics and lithic traditions at Lerna Likewise, it was thought through the 1970s that the shaft graves at Mycenae announced a dramatic cultural change beginning in LH I (with some scholars even arguing that Indo-European Greek speakers arrived at this time), but this view no longer prevails. We often cannot distinguish MH III from LH I, and frequently refer to assemblages as MH III/LH I, because the society that was developing into what we commonly refer to as Mycenaean civilization had deep roots in the indigenous Middle Helladic cultural forms "
3253:
1603:
222:
1851:
2014:
3358:
2325:
1165:
3471:
10119:: "We found various sources ranging from East Europe, to Central and South Europe adequately fitting most models for the LBA Aegean groups. The smaller and heterogeneous sample of BA Bulgarian individuals or BA Sicily did not fit. Models with Serbia (EBA), Croatia (MBA) and Italy (EMBA) were adequate most of the time, while those with 'W. Eurasian Steppe En-BA' (En, Eneolithic) or some Central European source (for example, Germany LN-EBA 'Corded Ware') were adequate for all groups at the P ≥ 0.01 cutoff. Therefore, at the moment it is not possible to more closely identify the region(s) from where this genetic affinity was derived. Among the groups of the southern mainland, the estimated coefficients of the WES-related ancestry are overlapping (±1 s.e.) and average to 22.3% (Fig. 4a)
2882:
2583:
2795:
1756:
3916:'; the latter two were found to be the most adequate sources, but "at the moment it is not possible to more closely identify the region(s) from where this genetic affinity was derived." Using 'Germany Corded Ware' as a source proxy, it was estimated that Mycenaeans from the southern Greek mainland had 22.3% steppe-related ancestry on average, whereas Late Bronze Age individuals from nearby islands and the Cyclades had slightly lower amounts of this ancestry, and one individual from the island of Salamis had none; in Crete, samples dating from the 17th to the 16th centuries BC had minimal or no such steppe-related ancestry, whereas later samples dating from
2984:
2170:
3557:
2436:
2367:, focusing on the redistribution of goods, commodities and labor by a central administration. The preserved Linear B records in Pylos and Knossos indicate that the palaces were closely monitoring a variety of industries and commodities, the organization of land management and the rations given to the dependent personnel. The Mycenaean palaces maintained extensive control of the nondomestic areas of production through careful control and acquisition and distribution in the palace industries, and the tallying of produced goods. For instance, the Knossos tablets record c. 80,000–100,000 sheep grazing in central
3092:
3420:
2854:. Key-bearers appear to be women who had authority over the sacred treasury of a particular deity, and were able to dispense it in times of need. Though scholars do not have enough evidence to suggest that all Key-bearers could own land and had high status, there is a written record in Linear B of a Key-bearer with elite ties who owned land, so it is possible that they had similar benefits to priestesses. Other religious roles filled by women were the three types of sacred slaves: slave of the God, slave of the Priestess, and slave of the Key-bearer. Though not as grand a title as that of
2179:
22734:
22600:
21759:
21692:
21561:
20944:
20546:
3084:
2336:
6465:, p. 53: "There is one illusion that ought to be first dispelled—that Mt Olympus and the Kambounian mountains constituted an impassable barrier between Thessaly and Macedonia. In fact recent archaeological discoveries have established that already in the second millennium bc the Mycenaean world extended well beyond Thessaly and included at least the southern part of Macedonia. Abundant Mycenaean pottery, both imported and locally produced, weapons, pins, brooches and syllabic script have been found in tombs of Orestis, Elimeia and Pieria";
1533:
2837:
in the home or whether they differed from the duties of men. And though men were involved in warfare and hunting, there is no evidence that suggests women ever took part in either of the two, though whether women took part in hunting has been up for debate amongst some historians. There is evidence that, in this patriarchal society, men and women were, in some respects, viewed equally. Mycenae practiced a system of rationing food to citizens, and evidence shows that women received the same amount of rations as men.
2913:
2812:
2949:
3308:; "oil vessel"), specifically, were first invented on the island of Crete during the 16th century BC and used widely by the Mycenaeans from 1400 BC onward for transporting and storing wine and oil; the jars were usually pear-shaped or globular. As for stemmed cups (or kylikes), they evolved from Ephyraean goblets and a large quantity was discovered at a site called the "Potter's Shop" located in Zygouries. Mycenaean drinking vessels such as the stemmed cups contained single decorative motifs such as a
2428:
2089:
2932:. The iconography of the palatial chambers is remarkably uniform throughout Greece. For instance, in Pylos and Tiryns the paintings are focused on marine motifs, providing depictions of octopodes, fish and dolphins. Around the megaron a group of courtyards each opened upon several rooms of different dimensions, such as storerooms and workshops, as well as reception halls and living quarters. In general Mycenaean palaces have yielded a wealth of artifacts and fragmentary frescoes.
1404:). In a 2017 genetic study conducted by Lazaridis et al., "the Minoans and Mycenaeans were genetically similar, the Mycenaeans differed from Minoans in deriving additional ancestry from an ultimate source related to the hunter–gatherers of eastern Europe and Siberia, introduced via a proximal source related to the inhabitants of either the Eurasian steppe or Armenia." However, Lazaridis et al. admit that their research "does not settle th debate" on Mycenaean origins. Historian
3431:, and was probably at least initially by Cretan painters. Their style gradually drifts away from that of Crete, and in late periods greatly reduces in quality. Fragments of wall paintings have been found in or around the palaces (Pylos, Mycenae, Tiryns) and in domestic contexts (Zygouries). The largest complete wall painting depicting three female figures, probably goddesses, was found in the so-called "cult center" at Mycenae. Various subjects are represented: hunting,
3043:, Cyclopean-style walls are also present, as well as in western Anatolia. Besides the citadels, isolated forts were also erected on various strategic locations. The fortification systems also incorporated technical refinements such as secret cisterns, galleries, sally ports and projecting bastions for the protection of gateways. On the other hand, the palace of Pylos, although a major center of power, paradoxically appears to have been left without any defensive walls.
2618:. Linear B records mention a number of sanctuaries dedicated to a variety of deities, at least in Pylos and Knossos. They also indicate that there were various religious festivities including offerings. Written Mycenaean records mention various priests and priestesses who were responsible for specific shrines and temples. The latter were prominent figures in society, and the role of Mycenaean women in religious festivities was also important, just as in Minoan Crete.
2773:
19974:
16098:
19984:
16108:
879:
40:
10143:: "However, two-way models with all of the above sources as well as 'Mainland MLBA' fit the allele frequencies of all the LBA individuals from Crete ('Crete LBA'). This also applied when we modelled the two clusters from LBA Crete separately (Fig. 4a and Supplementary Table 9) but for the Crete LBA (group C) with high WES ancestry (individuals XAN030, KRO008, KRO009 and published Armenoi), just one source from 'Mainland MLBA' became adequate.
16118:
632:
3480:
8874:, p. 20: "In LH IBBB (ca. 1310-1190), Mycenaean material culture spread widely throughout coastal and inland Epirus; in this period Mycenaean engagement in Epirus was strongest, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Though the Kiperi tholos may have gone out of use early in LH IIIB, the Cyclopean wall found there, as well as those at Ephyra, Kastriza, and Ayia Eleni, cannot have been built (and probably after) LH IIIB."
1376:
8013:, p. 107: "Huge quantities of olive oil were produced and it must have been a major source of wealth. The simple fact that southern Greece is far more suitable climatically for olive production may explain why the Mycenaean civilization made far greater advances in the south than in the north. The oil had a variety of uses, in cooking, as a dressing, as soap, as lamp oil, and as a base for manufacturing unguents."
2850:
were women who could legally procure land. Through the cult, land was "leased" to them, rather than given to them in ownership. Along with land holding benefits, priestesses often had ties with the upper-class elites, and were usually wealthy themselves. Only a small number of women could become priestesses in
Mycenae, but there were other cultic titles that women could aspire to obtain, such as that of
2928:, the throne room. It was laid out around a circular hearth surrounded by four columns. The throne was generally found on the right-hand side upon entering the room, while the interior of the megaron was lavishly decorated, flaunting images designed intentionally to demonstrate the political and religious power of the ruler. Access to the megaron was provided through a court, which was reached from a
3674:. They were also responsible for transmitting a wide range of arts and crafts, especially of Minoan origin. The Mycenaean civilization was in general more advanced compared to the Late Bronze Age cultures of the rest of Europe. Several Mycenaean attributes and achievements were borrowed or held in high regard in later periods, so it would be no exaggeration to consider Mycenaean Greece as a
1629:, replacing the previous Minoan installations. This site became a sizable and prosperous Mycenaean center until the 12th century BC. Apart from the archaeological evidence, this is also attested in Hittite records, which indicate that Miletos (Milawata in Hittite) was the most important base for Mycenaean activity in Asia Minor. Mycenaean presence also reached the adjacent sites of
2293:. These last were watched over by royal agents and were obliged to perform duties for and pay taxes to the palace. Among those who could be found in the palace were well-to-do high officials, who probably lived in the vast residences found in proximity to Mycenaean palaces, but also others, tied by their work to the palace and not necessarily better off than the members of the
2068:
to the obscure archaeological picture in 12th–11th century BC Greece, there is a continuing controversy among scholars over whether the impoverished societies that succeeded the
Mycenaean palatial states were newcomers or populations that already resided in Mycenaean Greece. Recent archaeological findings tend to favor the latter scenario. Additional theories, concerning
3786:. Present-day Greeks share about 90% of their ancestry with them, suggesting continuity between the two time periods. In the case of Mycenaeans however, this steppe-related ancestry was diluted. The ancestry of the Mycenaeans could be explained via a 2-way admixture model of such MBA individuals in northern Greece, and either an EBA Aegean or MBA Minoan population.
3020:, could have constructed such megalithic structures. On the other hand, cut stone masonry is used only in and around gateways. Another typical feature of Mycenaean megalithic construction was the use of a relieving triangle above a lintel block—an opening, often triangular, designed to reduce the weight over the lintel. The space was filled with some lighter stone.
3058:–1650 BC) both in shape, as well as in location of settlement. The observed uniformity in domestic architecture came probably as a result of a shared past among the communities of the Greek mainland rather than as a consequence of cultural expansion of the Mycenaean Koine. Moreover, varying sizes of mudbricks were used in the construction of buildings.
9234:, p. 78: "There are two types of Mycenaean lamps. One of these (type 321) has a broad horizontal lip with two opposite depressions for wicks. This type is the clay version of a Minoan stone lamp, known in many examples both from Crete and from the Mainland. The other (type 321 a) has one wick-spout and a handle at the opposite side."
3396:. They are painted with stripes or zigzags in the same manner as the contemporary pottery and presumably made by the same potters. Their purpose is uncertain, but they may have served as both votive objects and toys: some are found in children's graves but the vast majority of fragments are from domestic rubbish deposits.
2148:
a "Great King". Alternatively, based on archaeological data, some sort of confederation among a number of palatial states appears to be possible. If some kind of united political entity existed, the dominant center was probably located in Thebes or in
Mycenae, with the latter state being the most probable center of power.
2622:
were worshipped throughout the
Mycenaean palatial world. There may be some indications for local deities at various sites, in particular in Crete. The uniformity of Mycenaean religion is also reflected in archaeological evidence with the phi- and psi-figurines that have been found all over Late Bronze Age Greece.
1517:
and Minoan civilizations is complexity and monumentality; Mycenaean craftmanship and architecture are more simplified versions of Minoan ones, but are more monumental in size. Later phases of the
Mycenaean civilization showcase more sophistication, eventually coming to surpass Minoan Crete after a few centuries.
3453:; however, Mycenaean burials are in actuality an indigenous development of mainland Greece with the Shaft Graves housing native rulers. Pit and cist graves remained in use for single burials throughout the Mycenaean period alongside more elaborate family graves. The shaft graves at Mycenae within Grave Circles
2371:, and the quantity of the expected wool from these sheep and their offspring, as well as how this wool was allocated. The archives of Pylos display a specialized workforce, where each worker belonged to a precise category and was assigned to a specific task in the stages of production, notably in textiles.
3782:. This is corroborated by sequenced genomes of Middle Bronze Age individuals from northern Greece, who had a much higher proportion of steppe-related ancestry; the timing of this gene flow was estimated at 2,300 BCE, and is consistent with the dominant linguistic theories explaining the emergence of the
2849:
Men and women alike were involved in cult activity. Some women could be elevated to becoming legally independent by becoming priestesses, which appears to be hereditary through both the male and female line. No woman in
Mycenae is believed to have been able to "own" land at this time, but priestesses
3542:. The so-called "souvlaki trays" (or portable grills) used by the Mycenaean Greeks were rectangular ceramic pans that sat underneath skewers of meat. It is not clear whether these trays would have been placed directly over a fire or if the pans would have held hot coals like a portable barbecue pit.
2892:
The palatial structures at
Mycenae, Tiryns and Pylos were erected on the summits of hills or rocky outcrops, dominating the immediate surroundings. The best preserved are found in Pylos and Tiryns, while Mycenae and the Menelaion are only partially preserved. In Central Greece, Thebes and Orchomenos
2147:
The unearthed Linear B texts are too fragmentary for the reconstruction of the political landscape in
Mycenaean Greece and they do not support nor deny the existence of a larger Mycenaean state. On the other hand, contemporary Hittite and Egyptian records suggest the presence of a single state under
2067:
Alternative scenarios propose that the fall of
Mycenaean Greece was a result of internal disturbances which led to internecine warfare among the Mycenaean states or civil unrest in a number of states, as a result of the strict hierarchical social system and the ideology of the wanax. In general, due
2031:
The reasons for the end of the Mycenaean culture have been hotly debated among scholars. At present, there is no satisfactory explanation for the collapse of the Mycenaean palace systems. The two most common theories are population movement and internal conflict. The first attributes the destruction
1516:
Early Mycenaean civilization from the Shaft Grave period generally showcases heavy influence from Minoan Crete in regards to e.g. art, infrastructure and symbols, while also maintaining some Helladic elements as well as some innovations, and some West Asian influences. A difference between Mycenaean
6823:, p. 299: "The Shaft Graves of Mycenae themselves do not mark a new dynasty imposed from outside, as Drews and other scholars would have it; nor do they represent a sudden clear break with the Middle Helladic past. The tombs indicate the rise of vigorous local chieftains who became a warrior élite."
3907:
A study by Skourtanioti et al. (2023) generated genome-wide data from 95 Bronze Age individuals from mainland Greece and the Aegean, which was analysed in the context of all previously published samples from the region. Mycenaean (Late Bronze Age) individuals were found to deviate from Early Bronze
3341:
The Mycenaean period has not yielded sculpture of any great size. The statuary of the period consists for the most part of small terracotta figurines found at almost every Mycenaean site in mainland Greece—in tombs, in settlement debris, and occasionally in cult contexts (Tiryns, Agios Konstantinos
2836:
In later periods of Greek history, seclusion of females from males was common in the household, though scholars have found no evidence of seclusion during Mycenaean times, and believe that males and females worked with and around each other on a regular basis. Not much is known about women's duties
2780:
By observing Mycenaean wall paintings, scholars have deduced that women during this time often wore long dresses, their hair long, and wore jewelry, most notably beads. Mycenaean beads have long been an aspect of Mycenaean culture that is shrouded in a significant amount of mystery. It is not known
2621:
The Mycenaean pantheon already included many divinities that were subsequently encountered in Classical Greece, although it is difficult to determine whether these deities had the characteristics and responsibilities that would be attributed to them in later periods. In general, the same divinities
3867:
at Pylos and its environs) did not differ from the general population in terms of their average ancestral composition. According to Lazaridis et al. these results strongly support the hypothesis that Mycenaeans were the outcome of admixture between descendants of Yamnaya-like steppe migrants and a
3613:
in 1952. Ventris's discovery of an archaic Greek dialect in the Linear B tablets demonstrated that Mycenaean Greek was "the oldest known Greek dialect, elements of which survived in Homer's language as a result of a long oral tradition of epic poetry." The written records of every Mycenaean region
3502:
being the tombs of the elite rulers, the individual tombs those of the leisure class, and the communal tombs those of the people. Cremations increased in number over the course of the period, becoming quite numerous in the last phase of the Mycenaean era. The tholos was introduced during the early
2999:
is the term normally applied to the masonry characteristics of Mycenaean fortification systems and describes walls built of large, unworked boulders more than 8 m (26 ft) thick and weighing several metric tonnes. They were roughly fitted together without the use of mortar or clay to bind
2840:
If women were not officials in the cult or married to high-ranking male officers, they were likely low-ranking laborers. Linear B details specialized groups of female laborers called "workgroups". These women labored with other women as well as their children, and usually were located close to the
2374:
Nevertheless, palatial control over resources appears to have been highly selective in spatial terms and in terms of how different industries were managed. Thus, sectors like the production of perfumed oil and bronze materials were directly monitored from the palace, but the production of ceramics
2047:
one. It appears that the Dorians moved southward gradually over a number of years and devastated the territory, until they managed to establish themselves in the Mycenaean centers. A new type of ceramic also appeared, called "Barbarian Ware" because it was attributed to invaders from the north. On
1751:
in Homeric Greek), but a precise geographical definition of the term cannot be drawn from the texts. During this time, the kings of Ahhiyawa were evidently capable of dealing with their Hittite counterparts both on a diplomatic and military level. Moreover, Ahhiyawa achieved considerable political
3147:
of classical Greek antiquity, were already known to Mycenaean Greece. "Figure-of-eight" shields were the most common type of Mycenaean shields. During the Late Mycenaean period, smaller types of shields were adopted, either of completely circular shape, or almost circular with a part cut out from
2601:
Temples and shrines are strangely rare in the Mycenaean archaeological sites. Monumental cultic structures are absent at all the palatial centers, with the exception of Mycenae. However, the cultic center of Mycenae seems to have been a later (13th century BC) development. Small shrines have been
2443:
Trade over vast areas of the Mediterranean was essential for the economy of Mycenaean Greece. The Mycenaean palaces imported raw materials, such as metals, ivory and glass, and exported processed commodities and objects made from these materials, in addition to local products: oil, perfume, wine,
2136:, located in the region of Boeotia, belonged to the state of nearby Orchomenos. Moreover, the palace of Mycenae appeared to have ruled over a territory two to three times the size of the other palatial states in Bronze Age Greece. Its territory would have also included adjacent centers, including
1897:
These incidents appear to have prompted the massive strengthening and expansion of the fortifications in various sites. In some cases, arrangements were also made for the creation of subterranean passages which led to underground cisterns. Tiryns, Midea and Athens expanded their defences with new
1449:
became the most common form of elite burial, a feature that gave the name to the early period of Mycenaean Greece. Among the Mycenaean elite, deceased men were usually laid to rest in gold masks and funerary armor, and women in gold crowns and clothes gleaming with gold ornaments. The royal shaft
1350:
must have been used in reference to the Mycenaean world (land of the Achaeans), or at least to a part of it. This term may have also had broader connotations in some texts, possibly referring to all regions settled by Mycenaeans or regions under direct Mycenaean political control. Another similar
1929:
in c. 1190 BC or shortly thereafter. This event marked the end of Mycenae as a major power. The site was then reoccupied, but on a smaller scale. A recent study suggests that neither of the palaces at Tiryns or Midea were destroyed by an earthquake, and further studies have shown that upwards of
11423:
Lazaridis, Iosif; Mittnik, Alissa; Patterson, Nick; Mallick, Swapan; Rohland, Nadin; Pfrengle, Saskia; Furtwängler, Anja; Peltzer, Alexander; Posth, Cosimo; Vasilakis, Andonis; McGeorge, P. J. P.; Konsolaki-Yannopoulou, Eleni; Korres, George; Martlew, Holley; Michalodimitrakis, Manolis; Özsait,
2383:
The palatial centers organized their workforce and resources for the construction of large scale projects in the fields of agriculture and industry. The magnitude of some projects indicates that this was the result of combined efforts from multiple palatial centers. Most notable of them are the
3118:
Mycenaean armies were initially based on heavy infantry, equipped with spears, large shields and on some occasions, armor. Later in the 13th century BC, Mycenaean warfare underwent major changes both in tactics and weaponry and armed units became more uniform and flexible, while weapons became
2781:
for certain why they (men, women, and children) wore them, or why they appear to have been significant to the culture, but beads made of carnelian, lapis lazuli, etc., were known to have been worn by women on bracelets, necklaces, and buttons on cloaks, and were often buried with the deceased.
1964:
Athens and the eastern coast of Attica were still occupied in the 12th century BC, and were not destroyed or abandoned; this points to the existence of new decentralized coastal and maritime networks there. It is attested by the cemetery of Perati that lasted a century and showed imports from
3448:
and offerings were limited to pottery and occasional items of jewellery. Groups of pit or cist graves containing elite members of the community were sometimes covered by a tumulus (mound) in the manner established since the Middle Helladic. It has been argued that this form dates back to the
2156:
The Neolithic agrarian village (6000 BC) constituted the foundation of Bronze Age political culture in Greece. The vast majority of the preserved Linear B records deal with administrative issues and give the impression that Mycenaean palatial administration was highly systematized, featuring
1395:
onto the pre-Mycenaean local population. An issue with this theory, however, is the very tenuous material and cultural relationship between Aegean and northern steppe populations during the Bronze Age. Another theory proposes that Mycenaean culture in Greece dates back to circa 3000 BC with
2128:. Each Mycenaean kingdom was governed from the palace, which exercised control over most, if not all, industries within its realm. The palatial territory was divided into several sub-regions, each headed by its provincial center. Each province was further divided in smaller districts, the
3272:
During the Late Mycenaean period (1400–1200 BC), Mycenaean vessels/pottery exhibited similarities spanning a significant area of the Eastern Mediterranean (i.e., from the Levant to Sicily) and possibly reflecting a form of economic and political union centered at Mycenae. However, the
2472:, off the coast of southern Anatolia, displays the established trade routes that supplied the Mycenaeans with all the raw materials and items that the economy of Mycenaean Greece needed, such as copper and tin for the production of bronze products. A chief export of the Mycenaeans was
2447:
Based on archaeological findings in the Middle East, in particular physical artifacts, textual references, inscriptions and wall paintings, it appears that Mycenaean Greeks achieved strong commercial and cultural interaction with most of the Bronze Age people living in this region:
3926:
BC varied from 0% to approximately 40% steppe-related ancestry. This influx of steppe-related ancestry was related to Mycenaean domination of the island from the 15th century BC onwards, and was possibly also due in part to later migrations from more distant areas such as Italy.
1934:, in the southwestern Peloponnese, was destroyed in c. 1180 BC. The Linear B archives found there, preserved by the heat of the fire that destroyed the palace, mention hasty defence preparations due to an imminent attack without giving any detail about the attacking force.
3410:
Larger male, female or bovine terracotta wheelmade figures are much rarer. An important group was found in the Temple at Mycenae together with coiled clay snakes, while others have been found at Tiryns and in the East and West Shrines at Phylakopi on the island of Melos.
3123:
on the battlefield is a matter of dispute due to the lack of sufficient evidence. It appears that chariots were initially used as fighting vehicles during the 16th to 14th centuries BC, while later, in the 13th century BC, their role was limited to battlefield transport.
2862:. Though documented, scholars are not certain exactly what the duties of this role entailed, or what type of women would have filled it. What they do know, however, is that these religious roles afforded the women who occupied them a certain amount of economic autonomy.
2935:
Additional common features are shared by the palaces of Pylos, Mycenae and Tiryns; a large court with colonnades lies directly in front of the central megaron, while a second, but smaller, megaron is also found inside these structures. The staircases in the palace of
3912:-related ancestry not found in the earlier samples. The potential source of this ancestry included related groups from Serbia (Early Bronze Age), Croatia (Middle Bronze Age), Italy (Early and Middle Bronze Age), 'Western Steppe Eneolithic-Bronze Age', and 'Germany
1893:
displays evidence for a targeted destruction as only the four gates and the monumental building, called the Melathron, were burned before the site was abandoned. In the Peloponnese, a number of buildings surrounding the citadel of Mycenae were attacked and burned.
3723:
showed remarkable similarity in craniofacial morphology between ancient Greeks (including Mycenaeans) and modern Greeks, suggesting a close affinity, and that the Greek ethnic group remained stable in its cephalic and facial morphology for the last 4,000 years.
3750:, Lazaridis et al. (2017) found that Minoans and Mycenaean Greeks were genetically highly similar, but not identical; modern Greeks resembled the Mycenaeans, but with some additional dilution of the early Neolithic ancestry. Furthermore, proposed migrations by
3131:
was the most identifiable piece of Mycenaean armor in use from the beginning to the collapse of Mycenaean culture. It is also known from several depictions in contemporary art in Greece and the Mediterranean. A representative piece of Mycenaean armor is the
8886:, p. 610. Iacovou quotes Vassos Karageorghis who states that "The introduction of 'Cyclopean'-type walls at the very beginning of the LC IIIA period at Enkomi, Kition, Sinda and Maa-Palaeokastron was due to the arrival of Mycenaean settlers in Cyprus."
1598:
of the Minoans. The use of the new script spread in mainland Greece and offers valuable insight into the administrative network of the palatial centers. However, the unearthed records are too fragmentary for a political reconstruction of Bronze Age Greece.
1438:/1675 BC), a significant increase in the population and the number of settlements occurred. A number of centers of power emerged in southern mainland Greece dominated by a warrior elite society; while the typical dwellings of that era were an early type of
6445:, p. 139: "Moreover, in this area a small tholos-tomb with Mycenaean pottery of III B style and a Mycenaean acropolis have been reported at Kiperi near Parga, and another Mycenaean acropolis lay above the Oracle of the Dead on the hill called Xylokastro";
3461:
belonging to the same period represent an alternative manner of grouping elite burials. Next to the deceased were found full sets of weapons, ornate staffs as well as gold and silver cups and other valuable objects which point to their social rank.
3000:
them, though smaller hunks of limestone fill the interstices. Their placement formed a polygonal pattern giving the curtain wall an irregular but imposing appearance. At the top it would have been wide enough for a walkway with a narrow protective
3497:
Beginning also in the Late Helladic period are to be seen communal tombs of rectangular form. Nevertheless, it is difficult to establish whether the different forms of burial represent a social hierarchization, as was formerly thought, with the
2072:, such as climate change, droughts, or earthquakes have also been proposed. Another theory considers the decline of the Mycenaean civilization as a manifestation of a common pattern for the decline of many ancient civilizations: the Minoan, the
3119:
smaller and lighter. The spear remained the main weapon among Mycenaean warriors, while the sword played a secondary role in combat. Other offensive weapons used were bows, maces, axes, slings and javelins. The precise role and contribution of
1707:. These centers were based on a rigid network of bureaucracy where administrative competencies were classified into various sections and offices according to specialization of work and trades. At the head of this society was the king, known as
1303:–1352 BC), where a number of Danaya cities are mentioned, which cover the largest part of southern mainland Greece. Among them, cities such as Mycenae, Nauplion, and Thebes have been identified with certainty. Danaya has been equated with the
2213:("the leader of the people"), whose role appears mainly religious. His activities possibly overlap with the wanax and is usually seen as the second-in-command. Both wanax and lāwāgetas were at the head of a military aristocracy known as the
2207:(ϝάναξ), whose role was religious and perhaps also military and judicial. The wanax oversaw virtually all aspects of palatial life, from religious feasting and offerings to the distribution of goods, craftsmen and troops. Under him was the
3230:
burial (c. 1500–1450) "it was broadly speaking possible to classify the finer seals as being of Cretan, the more crudely engraved of mainland manufacture", but that "this criterion no longer applies after the mainland conquest of Crete
3503:
15th century BC as the new and more imposing form of elite burial. The most impressive tombs of the Mycenaean era are the monumental royal tombs of Mycenae, undoubtedly intended for the royal family of the city. The most famous is the
1786:, a Hittite vassal state, received support from Ahhiyawa. Meanwhile, Ahhiyawa appears to be in control of a number of islands in the Aegean, an impression also supported by archaeological evidence. During the reign of the Hittite king
3320:
painted on the side facing away from the drinker. The Mycenaean Greeks also painted entire scenes (called "Pictorial Style") on their vessels depicting warriors, chariots, horses and deities reminiscent of events described in Homer's
1917:-controlled harbors, as part of a trade embargo imposed on Assyria. In general, in the second half of 13th century BC, trade was in decline in the Eastern Mediterranean, most probably due to the unstable political environment there.
12979:
Rodríguez, Juan Piquero (2017). "Estudios sobre el léxico micénico: notas sobre la naturaleza y funciones del ra-wa-ke-ta". In de la Villa, Jesús; Rey, Emma Falque; Castro, José Francisco González; Jiménez, María José Muñoz (eds.).
11424:
Mehmet; Özsait, Nesrin; Papathanasiou, Anastasia; Richards, Michael; Roodenberg, Songül Alpaslan; Tzedakis, Yannis; Arnott, Robert; Fernandes, Daniel M.; Hughey, Jeffery R.; Lotakis, Dimitra M.; Navas, Patrick A.; Maniatis, Yannis;
3435:(tauromachy), battle scenes, processions, etc. Some scenes may be part of mythological narratives, but if so their meaning eludes us. Other frescoes include geometric or stylised motifs, also used on painted pottery (see above).
2396:. The Mycenaean economy also featured large-scale manufacturing as testified by the extent of workshop complexes that have been discovered, the largest known to date being the recent ceramic and hydraulic installations found in
6449:, p. xii (Fig. 1); p. 2: "The strongest evidence for Mycenaean presence in Epirus is found in the coastal zone of the lower Acheron River, which in antiquity emptied into a bay on the Ionian coast known from ancient sources as
10790:
The Palace of Minos: A Comparative Account of the Successive Stages of the Early Cretan Civilization as Illustred by the Discoveries at Knossos (Band 3): The Great Transitional Age in the Northern and Eastern Sections of the
6469:, p. 64: "The existence of a Late Bronze Age Mycenaean settlement in the Petra not only confirms its importance as a route from an early period, but also extends the limits of Mycenaean settlement to the Macedonian frontier."
3164:
clearly derives directly from the Minoan "Marine Style", and it ceases to be the case after about 1350 BC. Some works appear to have subjects adjusted to warlike Mycenaean tastes, although the distinctively Minoan subject of
2963:
The construction of defensive structures was closely linked to the establishment of the palaces in mainland Greece. The principal Mycenaean centers were well-fortified and usually situated on an elevated terrain, like on the
3765:
between the sampled Bronze Age populations and present-day West Eurasians was estimated, finding that Mycenaean Greeks and Minoans were least differentiated from the populations of modern Greece, Cyprus, Albania, and Italy.
3206:, found in Athens, is one of the finest of a number of gold signet rings with tiny multi-figure scenes of high quality, many from the princely Grave Circles A and B at Mycenae. These tend to be regarded as Cretan, as do the
1346:. Recent scholarship, based on textual evidence, new interpretations of the Hittite inscriptions, and recent surveys of archaeological evidence about Mycenaean–Anatolian contacts during this period, concludes that the term
221:
7068:, p. 194: "The Mycenaean colonies in Anatolia were emphatically confined to a narrow coastal strip in the west. There were community-colonies at Ephesus, Iasos and Miletus, but they had little effect on the interior..."
3789:
A study by Lazaridis et al. (2022) analysed 21 new Mycenaean samples and one new Minoan sample, along with previously published samples. The study found that Mycenaeans were differentiated from Minoans by an influx of
12592:
Espace civil, espace religieux en Égée durant la période mycénienne. Approches épigraphique, linguistique et archéologique. Actes des journées d'archéologie et de philologie mycéniennes, Lyon, 1er février et 1er mars
8280:
3903:
expressed doubts regarding the connection between the "small contribution in Mycenaean Greece" of the "ancestral mix of Yamnaya culture" and the steppe as the "earliest, original source" of Indo-European languages.
2479:
Cyprus appears to be the principal intermediary station between Mycenaean Greece and the Middle East, based on the considerable greater quantities of Mycenaean goods found there. On the other hand, trade with the
1215:
language in the Aegean region in contrast to unrelated prior languages spoken in adjoining areas. Various collective terms for the inhabitants of Mycenaean Greece were used by Homer in his 8th-century BC epic the
3777:
civilizations in the Aegean, were genetically homogeneous. In contrast, during the Middle Bronze Age, this population was more differentiated; probably due to gene flow from a Yamnaya-related population from the
3443:
The usual form of burial during this period was inhumation (burial in the earth, covered by dirt and stones). The earliest Mycenaean burials were mostly in individual graves in the form of a pit or a stone-lined
3614:
were similar but the scribes sometimes used words that were probably part of their local dialect. The existence of a common language is probably explained by their shared bureaucratic system and writing script.
1905:
It appears that after this first wave of destruction a short-lived revival of Mycenaean culture followed. Mycenaean Greece continues to be mentioned in international affairs, particularly in Hittite records. In
3169:
also appears. The production of luxury art for, and probably often in, the Minoan palaces was already a well-established tradition when Mycenaean elites became customers, and was perhaps more integrated into
8564:, p. 159: "Wa-na-ssoi, wa-na-ka-te, (to the two queens and the king). Wanax is best suited to Poseidon, the special divinity of Pylos. The identity of the two divinities addressed as wanassoi, is uncertain."
7400:
Hinzen, Klaus-G.; Maran, Joseph; Hinojosa-Prieto, Hector; Damm-Meinhardt, Ursula; Reamer, Sharon K.; Tzislakis, Jana; Kemna, Kilian; Schweppe, Gregor; Fleischer, Claus; Demakopoulou, Katie (27 March 2018).
1566:
From the early 14th century BC, Mycenaean trade began to take advantage of the new commercial opportunities in the Mediterranean after the Minoan collapse. The trade routes were expanded further, reaching
12080:
9736:
Whether we realize it or not, not only are tens of thousands of English words direct derivatives of ancient Greek, but some are derived even from Mycenaean Greek, which makes them very ancient indeed!
3407:
and at Amyclae near Sparta), suggests both that many were indeed religious in nature, perhaps as votives, but also that later places of worship may well have first been used in the Mycenaean period.
1703:, the latter being the northernmost Mycenaean center. Knossos in Crete also became a Mycenaean center, where the former Minoan complex underwent a number of adjustments, including the addition of a
3863:
EHG ancestry. The remaining (non steppe-related) Mycenaean ancestry was similar to that of the Minoans and the Early Bronze Age population of mainland Greece, and elite Mycenaean samples (from the
3399:
The presence of many of these figurines on sites where worship took place in the Archaic and Classical periods (approximately 200 below the sanctuary of Athena at Delphi, others at the temple of
10388:
The synchronisation of civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the second millennium B.C. III : proceedings of the SCIEM 2000—2nd EuroConference, Vienna, 28th of May-1st of June 2003
2043:, that led to the end of Mycenaean Greece, is supported by sporadic archaeological evidence such as new types of burials, in particular cist graves, and the use of a new dialect of Greek, the
8203:, p. 53: "One of the most extraordinary examples of the extent of Mycenaean influence was the Pelynt Dagger, a fragment of a Late Helladic III sword, which has come to light in the tomb of a
3634:
were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that scholars began to question Homer's historicity. At this time, German archaeologist
1913:, the king of Ahhiyawa is again reported to have been involved in an anti-Hittite uprising in western Anatolia. Another contemporary Hittite account reports that Ahhiyawan ships should avoid
23149:
3277:
of Crete during this time remained distinct indicating a degree of autonomy on the island. The Mycenaean Greeks produced in large quantities a variety of diversely-styled vessels such as
1717:. All powers were vested in him, as the main landlord and spiritual and military leader. At the same time he was an entrepreneur and trader and was aided by a network of high officials.
21539:
2415:. This appears to have facilitated the speedy deployment of troops—for example, the remnants of a Mycenaean road, along with what appears to have been a Mycenaean defensive wall on the
2076:
and the Western Roman Empire; the reason for the decline is migration due to overpopulation. The period following the end of Mycenaean Greece, c. 1100–800 BC, is generally termed the "
23144:
3099:
The military nature of the Mycenaean Greeks is evident from the numerous weapons unearthed, the use of warrior and combat representations in contemporary art, and the preserved Greek
3825:
on average), though some of the Mycenaeans lacked steppe ancestry altogether. Individual Mycenaean samples from mainland Greece had proportions of EHG ancestry ranging from 0% up to
3758:
colonists was not discernible in their data, thus "rejecting the hypothesis that the cultures of the Aegean were seeded by migrants from the old civilizations of these regions." The
3587:. The Linear B script was utilized by the Mycenaean palaces in Greece for administrative purposes where economic transactions were recorded on clay tablets and some pottery in the
10089:"Redefining Indo European Origins? [eLetter comment on Lazaridis et al. 2022 in Science: 'The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe']"
21240:
12120:
Shear, Ione Mylonas (January 2000). "Excavations on the Acropolis of Midea: Results of the Greek–Swedish Excavations under the Direction of Katie Demakopoulou and Paul Åström".
2287:
In general, Mycenaean society appears to have been divided into two groups of free men: the king's entourage, who conducted administrative duties at the palace, and the people,
2534:, where an amber object inscribed with Linear B symbols has been unearthed. Mycenaean bronze double axes and other objects dating from the 13th century BC have been found in
962:–1050 BC), the period of expansion, and decline of the Mycenaean civilization. The transition period from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in Greece is known as Sub-Mycenaean (
8275:
13183:
12494:
2654:. He was the personification of the magic-song which was supposed to "heal" the patient. A number of divinities have been identified in the Mycenaean scripts only by their
9094:, p. 36: "In fact, most of the essential items of the "hoplite panoply" were known to Mycenaean Greece, including the metallic helmet and the single thrusting spear."
7930:
Materials and Industries in the Mycenaean World: Current Approaches to the Study of Materials and Industries in Prehistoric Greece, University of Nottingham, 9–10 May 2013
2392:
valley. Also noticeable is the construction of harbors, such as the harbor of Pylos, that were capable of accommodating large Bronze Age era vessels like the one found at
1640:
Meanwhile, imposing palaces were built in the main Mycenaean centers of the mainland. The earliest palace structures were megaron-type buildings, such as the Menelaion in
1387:
Scholars have proposed different theories on the origins of the Mycenaeans. According to one theory, Mycenaean civilization reflected the exogenous imposition of archaic
10127:... a, Estimated mean coefficient (coeff.) (±1 s.e.) of additional ancestry (WES-related) using as proxy a BA Central European population ('Germany LN-EBA Corded Ware').
3630:. In general, the Greeks of Classical antiquity idealized the Mycenaean period as a glorious period of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth. The legends of
2980:. Mycenaean Greeks in general appreciated the symbolism of war as expressed in defensive architecture, reflected by the visual impressiveness of their fortifications.
1602:
3252:
3325:. Other items developed by the Mycenaeans include clay lamps, as well as metallic vessels such as bronze tripod cauldrons (or basins). A few examples of vessels in
1445:
Meanwhile, new types of burials and more imposing ones have been unearthed, which display a great variety of luxurious objects. Among the various burial types, the
1244:
to refer to the besiegers, and these names appear to have passed down from the time they were in use to the time when Homer applied them as collective terms in his
10302:
Billigmeier, Jon-Christian; Turner, Judy A. (1981). "The socio-economic roles of women in Mycenaean Greece: A brief survey from evidence of the Linear B tablets".
3670:, such as fortifications, bridges, culverts, aqueducts, dams and roads suitable for wheeled traffic. They also made several architectural innovations, such as the
852:". Additional theories such as natural disasters and climatic changes have also been suggested. The Mycenaean period became the historical setting of much ancient
18719:
1790:(c. 1267–1237 BC), the king of Ahhiyawa is recognized as a "Great King" and of equal status with the other contemporary great Bronze Age rulers: the kings of
20463:
18039:
9875:
1984:; located 2 km west of Perati. This indicates that Attica participated in long-distance trade, and was also incorporated in a mainland-looking network.
1877:
1250 BC, the first wave of destruction apparently occurred in various centres of mainland Greece for reasons that cannot be identified by archaeologists. In
1898:
cyclopean-style walls. The extension program in Mycenae almost doubled the fortified area of the citadel. To this phase of extension belongs the impressive
1423:
is that Mycenaean civilization began around 1750 BC, earlier than the Shaft Graves, originating and evolving from the local socio-cultural landscape of the
3160:
actually imported from Crete, or produced on the mainland by Cretan or Cretan-trained artists. This is less true of pottery, although the (very untypical)
2503:
Commercial interaction was also intense with the Italian peninsula and the western Mediterranean. Mycenaean products, especially pottery, were exported to
10184:
3868:
Minoan-like population, with steppe migrants considered to be Indo-European speakers and progenitors of the Greek language. Minoans were predominantly of
2924:
The palatial structures of mainland Greece share a number of common features. The focal point of the socio-political aspect of a Mycenaean palace was the
2858:, the sacred slaves were allotted certain benefits fitting their positions in the cult. One other documented position women filled in the cult was called
21949:
21865:
11005:
Graziado, Giampaolo (July 1991). "The Process of Social Stratification at Mycenae in the Shaft Grave Period: A Comparative Examination of the Evidence".
10178:
3701:) – "the people" or "armed men". Niesiołowski-Spanò concluded that the Levites were a group of Mycenaean Greek mercenaries who managed to settle down in
1930:
fifty arrowheads were found scattered in the destruction debris at Midea perhaps indicating that the destruction was caused by an assault. The palace of
2013:
1551:
was ruled by a Mycenaean elite who formed a hybrid Minoan-Mycenaean culture. Mycenaeans also colonized several other Aegean islands, reaching as far as
916:–2000 BC) was a time of prosperity with the use of metals and a growth in technology, economy and social organization. The Middle Helladic (MH) period (
6768:, p. 92: "The most famous object from Shaft Grave V, if not all of Mycenaean Greece, is the gold mask popularly known as the 'mask of Agamemnon'."
3357:
1850:
21743:
12357:
3161:
2328:
1442:
buildings, some more complex structures are classified as forerunners of the later palaces. In a number of sites, defensive walls were also erected.
11044:
Sanctuaries and Cults in the Aegean Bronze Age: Proceedings of the First International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 12–13 May, 1980
13154:
12521:
Wood J. R., Hsu, Y-T and Bell, C. 2021 Sending Laurion Back to the Future: Bronze Age Silver and the Source of Confusion, Internet Archaeology 56.
12033:
10890:
10855:
3685:
who migrated to the Near East as Mycenaean Greeks. In a 2020 study by Polish historian Łukasz Niesiołowski-Spanò, a group of people known from the
12846:
Mellink, Machteld J. (April 1983). "The Hittites and the Aegean World: Part 2. Archaeological Comments on Ahhiyawa-Achaians in Western Anatolia".
2324:
19645:
19641:
19637:
19633:
19629:
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3143:–1400 BC) which consisted of a cuirass of a complete set of armor made up of several elements of bronze. In general, most features of the later
22092:
21954:
21267:
21215:
19625:
17564:
16609:
16530:
16369:
12448:
Whittaker von Hofsten, Helène (2007). "Reflections on the Social Status of Mycenaean Women". In Lovén, Lena Larsson; Strömberg, Agneta (eds.).
8251:
2940:
indicate that the palaces had two stories. The private quarters of the members of the royal family were presumably located on the first floor.
603:
1925:
None of the defence measures appear to have prevented the final destruction and collapse of the Mycenaean states. A second destruction struck
1408:
notes that archaeology alone is not able to solve the issue and that the majority of Hellenists believed Mycenaeans spoke a non-Indo-European
16682:
1995:
region, expanded its settlement and became the largest local center during the post-palatial period, in Late Helladic IIIC, c. 1200–1050 BC.
1396:
Indo-European migrants entering a mainly-depopulated area; other hypotheses argue for a date as early as the seventh millennium BC (with the
2268:, "one who takes care of a damos"), the latter probably being appointed to take charge of the commune. A council of elders was chaired, the
1358:
in twelfth century BC Egyptian inscriptions has been commonly identified with the Ahhiyawans. These Ekwesh were mentioned as a group of the
19621:
17739:
16619:
9279:
See account of their use in K.A. and Diana Wardle "The Child's Cache at Assiros, Macedonia", in Sally Crawford and Gillian Shepherd (eds):
3511:. A total of nine of such tholos tombs are found in the region of Mycenae, while six of them belong to a single period (Late Helladic IIA,
2419:. The Mycenaean era saw the zenith of infrastructure engineering in Greece, and this appears not to have been limited to the Argive plain.
1937:
As a result of this turmoil, specific regions in mainland Greece witnessed a dramatic population decrease, especially Boeotia, Argolis and
9961:
22834:
22769:
21959:
20020:
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660:
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14845:
528:
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19669:
12530:
Acts of the International Archeaological Symposium: "The Mycenaeans in the Eastern Mediterranean", Nicosia 27th March-2nd April, 1972
10632:
Cline, Eric H. (2007). "Rethinking Mycenaean International Trade with Egypt and the Near East". In Galaty, M.; Parkinson, W. (eds.).
3651:
As part of the Mycenaean heritage that survived, the names of the gods and goddesses of Mycenaean Greece became major figures of the
3183:
3115:) was obliged to supply a certain number of men who had to serve in the army. Similar service was also performed by the aristocracy.
2157:
thoroughly consistent language, terminology, tax calculations, and distribution logistics. Considering this sense of uniformity, the
1164:
972:
Based on recent research, Alex Knodell (2021) considers the beginning of Mycenaean occupation in Peloponnese in Middle Helladic III (
3218:
for authenticating anything, but treated them as ornaments, at least one prince wearing a collection around his wrists, like modern
2444:
wool and pottery. International trade of that time was not only conducted by palatial emissaries but also by independent merchants.
1752:
influence in parts of Western Anatolia, typically by encouraging anti-Hittite uprisings and collaborating with local vassal rulers.
21748:
18326:
17976:
16643:
11607:
Skourtanioti, Eirini; Ringbauer, Harald; Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido Alberto; Bianco, Raffaela Angelina; et al. (16 January 2023).
3388:(these have outstretched upraised arms). The latest (12th century BC) are the Tau-type; these figurines look like the Greek letter
2801:
2556:
have found traces of opium in Mycenaean ceramic vases. The drug trade in Mycenaean Greece is traced as early as 1650–1350 BC, with
1799:
3737:
also indicated craniological similarities between modern Greeks and ancient Greeks (including Mycenaeans), indicating continuity.
22158:
21652:
17991:
16154:
13187:
948:
The Late Helladic period is further divided into LHI and LHII, both of which coincide with the middle phase of Mycenaean Greece (
13204:
6382:
1806:, broke out and was supported by the king of Ahhiyawa. Piyama-Radu caused major unrest which may have extended to the region of
22492:
19951:
18579:
17838:
17716:
17686:
17422:
17418:
17414:
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Thera and the Aegean World II: Papers Presented at the Second International Scientific Congress, Santorini, Greece, August 1978
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3095:
Boar's tusk helmet with cheek-guards and a double bone hook on top. Mycenae, chamber Tomb 515, 14th – 13th centuries BC. N°6568
2461:
1540:
Starting in the 15th century BC, the Mycenaeans began to spread their influence throughout the Aegean and Western Anatolia. By
840:
where significant shifts occurred from palace-centralized to decentralized forms of socio-economic organization (including the
17:
10074:
3675:
3470:
22019:
21738:
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17853:
17253:
17182:
16540:
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12806:
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12660:
12622:
12601:
12579:
12558:
12438:
12415:
12394:
12277:
12235:
12066:
12022:
12001:
11980:
11912:
11863:
11729:
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11392:
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11142:
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10909:
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10673:
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10569:
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10505:
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10440:
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10292:
10242:"Volcanic ash and tsunami record of the Minoan Late Bronze Age Eruption (Santorini) in a distal setting, southwestern Turkey"
10213:
6937:
1458:, signified the elevation of a native Greek-speaking royal dynasty whose economic power depended on long-distance sea trade.
1211:
that resided in the Greek peninsula after the end of this cultural period. Lastly, the decipherment marked the advent of an
22440:
17779:
17536:
17331:
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12905:
8717:
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18503:
18143:
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17574:
16614:
16455:
13238:
7769:
424:
11904:
Built Chamber Tombs of Middle and Late Bronze Age Date in Mainland Greece and the Islands (BAR International Series 925)
1555:. Thus the Mycenaeans became the dominant power of the region, marking the beginning of the Mycenaean 'Koine' era (from
18311:
18079:
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17695:
17525:
17370:
16765:
14855:
14545:
14238:
14172:
7735:
3949:
1692:
741:
3061:
Contrary to popular belief, some Mycenaean representative buildings already featured roofs made of fired tiles, as in
2526:
Sporadic objects of Mycenaean manufacture were found in various distant locations, like in Central Europe, such as in
2169:
22859:
22497:
21887:
19677:
18174:
17531:
17516:
16629:
16584:
16515:
16510:
16207:
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14218:
12827:
12512:
12459:
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12162:
11933:
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11752:
11413:
11319:
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11210:
10939:
10874:
10839:
10461:
10376:
10355:
10334:
9987:
9638:
7293:
3954:
1829:
in order to convince his Ahhiyawan counterpart to restore peace in the region. The Hittite record mentions a certain
9935:
22522:
22429:
21389:
18154:
18149:
17981:
17898:
17428:
16180:
16052:
14801:
14228:
14223:
13073:
Weiss, Barry (June 1982). "The Decline of Late Bronze Age Civilization as a Possible Response to Climatic Change".
9517:
3202:. The chemical compositions of the silver objects indicate that the silver was sourced from several locations. The
598:
578:
16594:
12906:"Poseidon's Horses: Plate Tectonics and Earthquake Storms in the Late Bronze Age Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean"
11081:
Hammond, Nicholas G.L. (1967). "Tumulus Burial in Albania, the Grave Circles of Mycenae, and the Indo-Europeans".
2297:, such as craftsmen, farmers, and perhaps merchants. Occupying a lower rung of the social ladder were the slaves,
1461:
During this period, the Mycenaean centers witnessed increased contact with the outside world, especially with the
22762:
22249:
21600:
21225:
20367:
20013:
18189:
17681:
14695:
14555:
14550:
13827:
12715:
Güterbock, Hans G. (April 1983). "The Hittites and the Aegean World: Part 1. The Ahhiyawa Problem Reconsidered".
12122:
3518:–1300 BC). It has been argued that different dynasties or factions may have competed through conspicuous burial.
2069:
653:
20288:
11266:"Chapter Twenty-Two Aegean-Style Material Culture in Late Cypriot III: Minimal Evidence, Maximum Interpretation"
7403:"Reassessing the Mycenaean Earthquake Hypothesis: Results of the HERACLES Project from Tiryns and Midea, Greece"
22929:
22239:
21646:
21625:
17809:
17346:
16079:
14720:
14134:
13231:
11189:
9809:
7505:"Differing trajectories of collapse in the Late Bronze Age Argolid: Mycenae and Tiryns from 1250 BC to 1100 BC"
6300:
2881:
2759:. A number of Mycenaean divinities seem to have no later equivalents, such as Marineus, Diwia and Komawenteia.
2595:
2375:
was only indirectly monitored. Regional transactions between the palaces are also recorded on a few occasions.
524:
22540:
11874:
10579:
Clemente, Florian; Unterländer, Martina; Dolgova, Olga; Amorim, Carlos Eduardo G.; et al. (13 May 2021).
2743:
of later antiquity, while in Knossos there is the "mistress of the Labyrinth". The "two queens and the king" (
22583:
22565:
22213:
21245:
19707:
18973:
18864:
17952:
17878:
17335:
17233:
16599:
16074:
15631:
15124:
14640:
14560:
14258:
13968:
9281:
Children, Childhood and Society: Institute for Archaeology and Antiquity Interdisciplinary Studies (Volume I)
7504:
7485:
3769:
A genetic study by Clemente et al. (2021) found that in the Early Bronze Age, the populations of the Minoan,
3103:
records. The Mycenaeans invested in the development of military infrastructure, with military production and
2161:
archive, which is the best preserved one in the Mycenaean world, is generally taken as a representative one.
2052:
in the Eastern Mediterranean. They caused widespread destruction in Anatolia and the Levant and were finally
696:
with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art, and writing system. The Mycenaeans were mainland
688:, spanning the period from approximately 1750 to 1050 BC. It represents the first advanced and distinctively
583:
19105:
16343:
12061:. Malden (Massachusetts), Oxford (United Kingdom), Carlton (Victoria, Australia): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
3211:
2233:, at Pylos, who appears titleless in the written record but whom modern scholars regard as probably a king.
22979:
22507:
22104:
21723:
21662:
21492:
21302:
19189:
18184:
18075:
17623:
17489:
17341:
17061:
16757:
16570:
16047:
14576:
14030:
12550:
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World
11613:
10921:
The Mycenaeans and Apulia. An Examination of Aegean Bronze Age Contacts with Apulia in Eastern Magna Grecia
3078:
784:
16253:
12372:
10224:
2905:, is believed by a number of archaeologists to be a palace. A Mycenaean palace has been also unearthed in
1755:
708:
cultures to develop a more sophisticated sociopolitical culture of their own. The most prominent site was
23098:
23068:
22874:
22560:
21937:
21840:
21379:
21138:
19602:
19591:
19394:
18570:
18065:
17938:
17819:
17768:
17711:
17663:
17643:
17479:
17243:
17215:
16318:
16147:
15102:
14710:
14586:
14248:
14202:
14157:
13933:
13622:
10745:
The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age: Continuity and Change between the Twelfth and Eighth Centuries BC
7786:
7752:
6268:
The ? symbol indicates lack of mtDNA haplogroup due to contamination or damage of the tested sample.
3023:
Cyclopean fortifications were typical of Mycenaean walls, especially at the citadels of Mycenae, Tiryns,
2983:
1470:
15641:
13158:
12037:
11159:
Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD
3107:
being supervised directly from the palatial centers. According to the Linear B records in the palace of
2582:
1524:: large circular burial chambers with high vaulted roofs and a straight entry passage lined with stone.
23129:
23029:
22755:
22416:
21679:
21522:
21394:
21284:
20042:
20006:
19931:
19703:
19655:
18876:
18533:
18094:
18030:
17884:
17448:
17444:
17440:
17436:
17432:
17351:
16723:
16653:
16470:
15763:
15636:
14769:
14764:
14740:
14650:
14167:
13265:
12407:
Late Bronze Age Mycenaean and Italic Products in the West Mediterranean: A Social and Economic Analysis
12269:
Well Built Mycenae (Volume 13): The Helleno-British Excavations within the Citadel at Mycenae 1959–1969
7781:
7747:
6553:
The extent to which Homer attempted to or succeeded in recreating a "Mycenaean" setting is examined in
3908:
Age individuals in the direction of Central and Eastern European Bronze Age populations, due to having
3733:
3376:
The female figurines can be subdivided into three groups, which were popular at different periods: the
2178:
646:
618:
201:
2794:
23139:
22914:
22824:
22649:
22578:
22153:
22009:
21942:
21168:
21111:
19607:
19440:
19147:
19137:
19018:
18589:
18560:
18556:
18499:
18425:
18287:
18134:
17592:
17584:
17356:
17318:
17261:
17238:
17197:
16819:
16747:
16566:
16500:
16495:
16480:
16279:
16121:
16064:
15020:
14823:
14808:
14730:
14665:
13985:
13880:
13354:
13288:
11689:
Littauer, M.A.; Crouwel, J.H. (1996). "Robert Drews and the Role of Chariotry in Bronze Age Greece".
11429:
10451:
3779:
3377:
3365:
3199:
2586:
The Lady of Phylakopi; wheel-made pottery figurine of a goddess or priestess from the West Shrine in
2108:
Mycenaean palatial states, or centrally organized palace-operating polities, are recorded in ancient
520:
466:
22070:
14632:
14612:
13810:
13468:
2435:
1207:
emerged. Moreover, it revealed that the bearers of Mycenaean culture were ethnically connected with
23134:
22690:
22410:
22195:
21902:
21429:
21424:
21230:
20961:
20511:
20164:
20029:
19737:
19402:
19091:
19034:
18494:
18454:
18139:
18098:
17986:
17701:
17691:
17495:
17365:
17271:
17139:
17131:
17029:
16957:
16823:
16742:
16728:
16520:
16440:
14818:
14781:
14715:
14381:
14268:
8632:
7977:, IV: Mycenaean II Pottery in Syria and Palestine; V: Mycenaean III Pottery in Syria and Palestine.
6571:
3881:
3626:, Greece emerged with a network of myths and legends, the greatest of all being that of the Trojan
2388:
basin in Boeotia, the building of a large dam outside Tiryns, and the drainage of the swamp in the
2018:
2004:
1822:
1388:
1212:
829:
783:
The Mycenaean Greeks introduced several innovations in the fields of engineering, architecture and
502:
450:
22297:
11823:
Olsen, Barbara A. (2015). "The Worlds of Penelope: Women in the Mycenaean and Homeric Economies".
10205:
Well Built Mycenae (Volume 7): The Prehistoric Cemetery – pre-Mycenaean and Early Mycenaean Graves
3655:
of later antiquity. Moreover, the language of the Mycenaeans offers the first written evidence of
2289:
1825:
in the political turmoil of this era. As a result of this instability, the Hittite king initiated
1481:, a feature typical of Mycenaean warfare. In the early 15th century BC, commerce intensified with
1383:, Grave Circle A, Mycenae, 16th century BC, probably the most famous artifact of Mycenaean Greece.
23063:
22639:
22512:
22168:
22116:
21819:
21610:
21517:
21404:
21039:
20390:
19891:
19800:
19617:
19099:
18450:
18315:
18208:
18129:
17774:
17597:
17360:
17266:
17187:
17161:
17143:
17135:
17097:
17021:
17017:
16961:
16662:
16648:
16550:
16485:
16384:
16101:
15225:
15025:
15010:
14813:
14796:
14776:
14745:
14645:
14581:
14197:
14182:
14152:
14113:
13990:
13842:
13344:
13127:
11425:
9837:"A comparative cephalometric investigation of the Greek craniofacial pattern through 4,000 years"
3814:
3458:
3454:
3261:
2040:
1189:
556:
475:
362:
22555:
20979:
12886:
Mycenaean Decorated Pottery: A Guide to Identification (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 73)
11546:
Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Acar, Ayşe; Açıkkol, Ayşen; et al. (2022b).
8628:
3556:
3091:
1759:
Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East during the 14th century BC; Mycenaean Greece in purple
22677:
22545:
22190:
21999:
21994:
21924:
21814:
21657:
21529:
21262:
20692:
20643:
20586:
20531:
20385:
19922:
19901:
19883:
19683:
19583:
19390:
18989:
18251:
18199:
18114:
17848:
17833:
17749:
17405:
17165:
17053:
17049:
17041:
17037:
17033:
16815:
16427:
16422:
16394:
16140:
16059:
15062:
14833:
14791:
14725:
14690:
14142:
14126:
13822:
13763:
13612:
13607:
11671:
Late Helladic Simple Graves: A Study of Mycenaean Burial Customs (BAR International Series 878)
3909:
3869:
3817:
ancestry on average and an approximately matching amount of Caucasus hunter-gatherer ancestry (
3791:
3719:
3714:
2822:
2577:
1914:
12633:
2670:
is not a separate god). Additional divinities that can be also found in later periods include
979:–1675 BC), and divides the whole Mycenaean time into three cultural periods: Early Mycenaean (
22668:
22550:
22224:
22200:
22055:
21534:
21419:
21317:
21292:
20884:
20763:
20717:
20648:
20613:
19941:
19848:
19665:
19425:
19156:
18993:
18446:
18420:
18278:
18169:
18163:
18060:
18035:
18025:
17843:
17815:
17554:
17454:
17157:
17045:
17013:
16111:
15340:
15330:
15320:
15305:
14995:
14735:
14705:
14660:
14655:
14286:
14253:
14055:
13960:
13946:
13602:
13473:
13437:
10700:
10406:
8229:
6513:
3893:
3770:
3419:
3128:
2316:). These are recorded in the texts as working either for the palace or for specific deities.
2132:. A number of palaces and fortifications appear to be part of a wider kingdom. For instance,
1949:
coast. Nevertheless, other regions on the edge of the Mycenaean world prospered, such as the
1520:
At the end of the Shaft Grave era, a new and more imposing type of elite burial emerged, the
1478:
1169:
712:, after which the culture of this era is named. Other centers of power that emerged included
20849:
20357:
3659:, while a significant part of the Mycenaean vocabulary can also be found in modern English.
3491:, 13th century BC royal tholos tomb near Mycenae: exterior (left) and interior (right) view.
23014:
22944:
22644:
22517:
22457:
22310:
22244:
22087:
22075:
21919:
21728:
21487:
21482:
21384:
21344:
21148:
21044:
21034:
21027:
20581:
19895:
19887:
19878:
19858:
19544:
19204:
19194:
19161:
19095:
18675:
18585:
18484:
18396:
18299:
18283:
17926:
17894:
17754:
17653:
17628:
17475:
17121:
17067:
16953:
16638:
16525:
16475:
16399:
16389:
16333:
16328:
16303:
16223:
15583:
15577:
15563:
15047:
15005:
14977:
14862:
14675:
13905:
13701:
13082:
12920:
11508:
11447:
11428:; Stewardson, Kristin; Stockhammer, Philipp; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David; Krause, Johannes;
10253:
10241:
8179:
7723:
7414:
6290:
3900:
3783:
3671:
3290:
3051:
Mycenaean domestic architecture originates mainly from earlier Middle Helladic traditions (
2640:: Earth-shaker), but it seems that he also represented the river spirit of the underworld.
1886:
1791:
1704:
1688:
1397:
1322:
that ruled in the region of Argos, also used as an ethnonym for the Greek people by Homer.
1292:(r. 1479–1425 BC). This land is geographically defined in an inscription from the reign of
729:
593:
511:
457:
127:
21674:
17858:
12596:(in French). Vol. 54. Lyon: Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux.
12590:
12493:
Wright, James Clinton (2008). "Early Mycenaean Greece". In Shelmerdine, Cynthia W. (ed.).
12197:
9874:
Papagrigorakis, Manolis J.; Kousoulis, Antonis A.; Synodinos, Philippos N. (1 June 2014).
811:. Mycenaean Greece was dominated by a warrior elite society and consisted of a network of
8:
22939:
22869:
22829:
22809:
22706:
22634:
22462:
22452:
22423:
22291:
22124:
22065:
21635:
21544:
21444:
21434:
21374:
21369:
21364:
21354:
21349:
21334:
21329:
21250:
21106:
20984:
20929:
20854:
20278:
20242:
19936:
19820:
19133:
19056:
18961:
18272:
18204:
17958:
17944:
17805:
17648:
17546:
17521:
17485:
16705:
16418:
16379:
16243:
16238:
15714:
15684:
15072:
14967:
14962:
14399:
13714:
13627:
13597:
13551:
13314:
12670:
10284:
Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
3913:
3635:
3572:
3191:
3028:
2965:
2894:
2125:
2053:
1958:
1428:
1201:
1173:
1155:
701:
608:
408:
280:
258:
251:
170:
13207:. Bryn Mawr College Department of Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology. Archived from
13086:
12924:
12386:
Use and Appreciation of Mycenaean Pottery in the Levant, Cyprus and Italy (1600–1200 BC)
12036:. Trustees of Dartmouth College and the Foundation of the Hellenic World. Archived from
11582:
11529:
11512:
11495:"A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia"
11494:
11451:
10701:"Mykenische Keramik aus Bronzezeitlichen Siedlungsschichten von Montoro am Guadalquivir"
10257:
7418:
3083:
2335:
844:). Various theories have been proposed for the end of this civilization, among them the
23093:
23088:
22839:
22403:
22060:
21860:
21845:
21640:
21595:
21590:
21439:
20989:
20601:
19868:
19853:
19688:
19587:
19574:
19184:
19125:
19117:
19046:
18743:
18303:
18216:
18179:
18119:
17934:
17800:
17795:
17734:
17726:
17393:
16666:
16658:
16634:
16589:
16323:
16289:
15931:
15828:
15734:
15378:
15295:
15183:
14685:
14509:
14025:
14005:
13862:
13733:
13617:
13412:
13339:
13106:
13061:
12871:
12863:
12740:
12732:
12574:. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
12481:
12427:
12333:
12304:
12201:
12193:
12139:
12108:
11840:
11706:
11702:
11656:
11643:
11608:
11595:
11476:
11433:
11098:
11030:
11022:
10982:
10974:
10884:
10849:
10734:
10615:
10580:
10473:
10269:
9599:
9167:
6418:
3667:
3504:
3488:
3104:
2573:
2557:
2469:
2416:
2393:
2121:
2073:
1987:
The site of Mycenae experienced a gradual loss of political and economic status, while
1889:
was not destroyed at this time but was abandoned, while the Boeotian fortifications of
1506:
804:
757:
689:
353:
10240:
Aydar, Erkan; ÇİNer, Attila; Ersoy, Orkun; ÉCochard, Emilie; Fouache, Eric G. (2021).
2817:
The Mycenaeans were capable of intricate designs on a very small scale: the so-called
23004:
22999:
22954:
22904:
22849:
22844:
22814:
22323:
21984:
21932:
21914:
21855:
21477:
21414:
21409:
21339:
21235:
21195:
21190:
21173:
21143:
20809:
20753:
20747:
20596:
20573:
20395:
20325:
20283:
19983:
19863:
19810:
19741:
19410:
19109:
19022:
18977:
18307:
18194:
18045:
18014:
17908:
17827:
17823:
17470:
17326:
17276:
17227:
17192:
16769:
16490:
16459:
16313:
16308:
16195:
16175:
16107:
16006:
15593:
15142:
14990:
14942:
14786:
14755:
14700:
14617:
14494:
14366:
14187:
14020:
13973:
13913:
13787:
13769:
13745:
13727:
13682:
13637:
13632:
13283:
13208:
13110:
13098:
13038:
13017:
12985:
12984:(in Spanish). Vol. 1. Sociedad Española de Estudios Clásicos. pp. 355–364.
12954:
12890:
12875:
12823:
12802:
12772:
12744:
12701:
12680:
12656:
12618:
12597:
12575:
12554:
12508:
12455:
12434:
12411:
12390:
12337:
12308:
12273:
12252:
12231:
12205:
12158:
12112:
12100:
12062:
12055:
12018:
11997:
11976:
11966:
11929:
11908:
11859:
11844:
11778:
11748:
11725:
11710:
11675:
11660:
11648:
11630:
11599:
11587:
11569:
11552:
11534:
11499:
11481:
11463:
11409:
11388:
11357:
11315:
11294:
11273:
11229:
11206:
11185:
11163:
11138:
11117:
11102:
11047:
11034:
10986:
10966:
10935:
10905:
10870:
10835:
10814:
10788:
10773:
10749:
10669:
10648:
10620:
10602:
10565:
10522:
10501:
10480:
10457:
10436:
10417:
10391:
10372:
10351:
10330:
10288:
10273:
10209:
9903:
9895:
9856:
9848:
9810:"The Levites,*ra-wo,λᾶός/λαοί–A new proposal for lexical and historical relationship"
9634:
9171:
7430:
7289:
6933:
6277:
Females do not inherit Y chromosomes; hence the – symbol, indicating inapplicability.
3384:(their arms give the upper body a rounded shape). The Psi-type looks like the letter
3361:
3247:
3187:
3156:
Most of the finest Mycenaean art comes under the immediate suspicion of either being
2995:
2952:
2871:
2735:
expression, but in the Pylos tablets she is mentioned without any accompanying word.
2497:
2465:
2284:, who in later Greek society was the name of the king, refers to communal officials.
1826:
1656:
1482:
1380:
705:
484:
415:
210:
149:
13136:
12469:
9891:
9573:
3380:, and the Tau-type. The earliest are the Phi-type, which look like the Greek letter
2048:
the other hand, the collapse of Mycenaean Greece coincides with the activity of the
23078:
23073:
23019:
22984:
22934:
22884:
22864:
22854:
22819:
22804:
22629:
22364:
22080:
21824:
21733:
21454:
21449:
21257:
21200:
21183:
21084:
20859:
20638:
20516:
20443:
20263:
20139:
19873:
19745:
19673:
19406:
19378:
19179:
19141:
19087:
19061:
19050:
18981:
18872:
18821:
18575:
18388:
18368:
18104:
18090:
16575:
16414:
16374:
16364:
16294:
16233:
16218:
15936:
15468:
15433:
15250:
15107:
14985:
14872:
14867:
14192:
14147:
13978:
13885:
13501:
13334:
13309:
13090:
12928:
12855:
12786:
Podzuweit, Christian (1982). "Die mykenische Welt und Troja". In Hänsel, B. (ed.).
12724:
12500:
12325:
12296:
12185:
12131:
12092:
11832:
11698:
11638:
11622:
11577:
11561:
11524:
11516:
11471:
11455:
11438:
11378:
11252:
11090:
11014:
10958:
10795:
10730:
10610:
10594:
10558:
10311:
10261:
9887:
9817:
9157:
9146:"Sending Laurion Back to the Future: Bronze Age Silver and the Source of Confusion"
7422:
6310:
3864:
3774:
3746:
3652:
3600:
3347:
3013:
2607:
2109:
1563:, common), a highly uniform culture that spread in mainland Greece and the Aegean.
1159:
853:
808:
613:
385:
344:
264:
231:
22316:
22185:
18713:
17874:
12504:
10315:
3035:
and large limestone slabs are found at Gla. In the Mycenaean settlements found in
2702:
also appears in the Mycenaean pantheon, but he was certainly not the chief deity.
2064:, a name that appears to be linked with the Ahhiyawa of the Hittite inscriptions.
1532:
1521:
23009:
22924:
22909:
22894:
22045:
21399:
21359:
21297:
20400:
20335:
20189:
19977:
19917:
19840:
19733:
19698:
19464:
19414:
19386:
19222:
19214:
19199:
19171:
19065:
18518:
18321:
17912:
17633:
17618:
17499:
17005:
16979:
16805:
16535:
16505:
16353:
16274:
15951:
15709:
15497:
15310:
15052:
14918:
14850:
14177:
13775:
13757:
13751:
13665:
13642:
13516:
13427:
13387:
13324:
13184:"The Mycenaeans and Italy: The Archaeological and Archaeometric Ceramic Evidence"
13032:
12969:
12948:
12884:
12817:
12796:
12766:
12695:
12674:
12650:
12612:
12569:
12548:
12528:
12449:
12405:
12384:
12346:
12267:
12246:
12225:
12214:
12152:
12076:
12012:
11991:
11970:
11955:
11944:
11923:
11902:
11853:
11804:
11793:
11772:
11740:
11719:
11669:
11403:
11351:
11309:
11288:
11265:
11222:"3 Finding haute cuisine: Identifying shifts in food styles from cooking vessels"
11200:
11157:
11132:
11111:
10995:
10929:
10899:
10864:
10829:
10808:
10767:
10743:
10663:
10642:
10516:
10495:
10430:
10366:
10345:
10324:
10282:
10203:
8276:"Bronze Age saw flourishing drug trade, opium discovered in ancient vase reveals"
8070:
7924:
Gilstrap, William; Day, Peter; Kaza, Konstantina; Kardamaki, Elina (9 May 2013).
7791:
7757:
6554:
3795:
3623:
3610:
3588:
3580:
3428:
3171:
3066:
2912:
2826:
2662:("cow-eyed") is a standard Homeric epithet of Hera. Ares appeared under the name
2591:
2512:
2113:
2077:
2036:
2008:
1714:
1664:
1424:
1409:
1405:
1392:
1193:
898:
894:
873:
857:
845:
833:
792:
753:
721:
538:
493:
378:
326:
188:
174:
123:
58:
22919:
22097:
19038:
16451:
15976:
15689:
11548:"The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe"
2948:
2811:
1263:, which presumably refers to a Mycenaean (Achaean) state on the Greek mainland.
909:. This period is divided into three subperiods: The Early Helladic (EH) period (
23083:
23053:
23024:
22959:
22351:
22285:
22040:
21799:
21667:
21472:
21467:
21178:
21131:
21049:
20994:
20722:
20628:
20591:
20438:
20300:
20134:
19927:
19830:
19713:
19456:
19382:
19335:
19129:
19077:
19006:
19001:
18969:
18868:
18773:
18622:
18513:
18489:
18415:
18291:
18268:
18259:
18159:
18085:
18055:
18049:
17706:
17676:
17671:
17569:
17205:
17201:
17153:
16971:
16579:
16465:
16404:
16284:
16263:
15833:
15773:
15768:
15724:
15505:
15453:
15443:
15423:
15413:
15157:
15152:
15147:
14000:
13799:
13793:
13781:
13581:
13556:
13329:
13254:
13010:
12936:
12189:
11626:
11153:
10949:
French, Elizabeth (1971). "The Development of Mycenaean Terracotta Figurines".
10721:
Dickinson, Oliver (December 1999). "Invasion, Migration and the Shaft Graves".
10598:
10585:
10537:
8204:
3759:
3741:
3656:
3638:
undertook the first modern archaeological excavations in Greece at the site of
3592:
3450:
3274:
3219:
3133:
2427:
2364:
1950:
1882:
1684:
1607:
1556:
1455:
1451:
1370:
1311:
1204:
1197:
923:–1700/1675 BC) faced a slower pace of development, as well as the evolution of
837:
816:
800:
733:
685:
433:
335:
319:
178:
158:
143:
12694:
Gitin, Seymour; Mazar, Amihay; Stern, Ephraim; Dothan, Trude Krakauer (1998).
12329:
12300:
12096:
11609:"Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean"
11094:
10962:
9821:
3841:
at the Palace of Nestor. Another Mycenaean individual from Crete, dating from
23123:
23058:
22994:
22989:
22974:
22969:
22964:
22889:
22699:
22384:
22344:
22330:
21989:
21804:
21579:
21126:
21121:
21094:
21022:
20919:
20453:
20375:
20124:
20104:
20067:
19987:
19500:
19468:
19420:
19351:
19151:
19121:
19069:
19030:
19010:
18985:
18605:
18595:
18566:
18480:
18440:
18435:
18410:
18336:
17759:
17744:
17219:
16624:
16545:
16299:
16069:
15986:
15961:
15651:
15573:
15255:
15198:
15097:
15087:
15057:
15039:
14913:
14065:
13847:
13739:
13695:
13657:
13496:
13417:
13102:
12104:
11634:
11573:
11547:
11467:
11177:
10970:
10606:
10553:
10421:
9899:
9852:
7777:
7743:
7434:
3751:
3631:
3369:
3223:
3032:
3024:
3005:
2893:
have been only partially exposed. On the other hand, the palace built at the
2772:
2561:
2411:
The most famous project of the Mycenaean era was the network of roads in the
2060:
in c. 1175 BC. One of the ethnic groups that comprised these people were the
1787:
1536:
Fresco depicting a female figure in the acropolis of Mycenae, 13th century BC
1510:
1293:
1289:
788:
636:
22337:
20660:
12697:
Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE
11565:
11520:
11256:
9547:
7286:
Destruction and Its Impact on Ancient Societies at the End of the Bronze Age
3392:(with folded arms at right angles to the body). Most figurines wear a large
2488:
is also well attested, while Mycenaean trade routes expanded further to the
1419:
Notwithstanding the above academic disputes, the mainstream consensus among
22788:
22445:
22135:
22129:
22035:
22030:
21969:
21850:
21205:
21079:
21054:
21006:
20999:
20924:
20839:
20475:
20410:
20268:
20206:
20129:
20087:
19815:
19472:
19444:
19307:
19271:
19227:
19081:
19042:
19026:
19014:
18930:
18906:
18844:
18765:
18665:
18657:
18528:
18354:
18212:
17297:
17285:
16943:
16845:
16736:
16409:
16338:
15886:
15838:
15704:
15558:
15428:
15067:
14903:
14409:
14371:
14070:
13052:
Vermeule, Emily Townsend (March 1960). "The Fall of the Mycenaean Empire".
12932:
12178:
Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
11652:
11591:
11538:
11485:
11243:
Hughes-Brock, Helen (1999). "Mycenaean Beads: Gender and Social Contexts".
10763:
10624:
9907:
9836:
9222:, where the gods are shown intervening in battle and deciding the outcome."
8378:
6572:"The Bronze Age on the Greek Mainland: Early Bronze Age – Early Helladic I"
6315:
3899:
In a comment on the study by Lazaridis et al. (2022), Paul Heggarty of the
3508:
3499:
3432:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3166:
3144:
2553:
2504:
2405:
2057:
1855:
1770:, Hittite records mention the military activities of an Ahhiyawan warlord,
1181:
931:
grave burials. The last phase of Middle Helladic, the Middle Helladic III (
815:-centered states that developed rigid hierarchical, political, social, and
391:
22370:
11836:
11606:
10173:
10140:
10116:
10105:
9876:"Craniofacial morphology in ancient and modern Greeks through 4,000 years"
9860:
3705:
and integrate with the local population, preserving their own group name.
3642:
in 1876. Thus, Schliemann set out to prove the historical accuracy of the
2648:) is probably the precursor of the Greek physician of the gods in Homer's
2400:, next to Athens, that produced tableware, textiles, sails, and ropes for
2144:, which could plausibly be ruled by a member of Mycenae's ruling dynasty.
2088:
22879:
22684:
22267:
22206:
22025:
21979:
21964:
21892:
21620:
21099:
20904:
20799:
20606:
20342:
20273:
20179:
20097:
20082:
19781:
19728:
19612:
19460:
19331:
19327:
19283:
19279:
19267:
19247:
19239:
19235:
19073:
18886:
18848:
18791:
18781:
18653:
18649:
18645:
18538:
18364:
18344:
18124:
17916:
17637:
17293:
17289:
17093:
16672:
15906:
15798:
15778:
15606:
15114:
15092:
15082:
15077:
15000:
14957:
14504:
14414:
14404:
14291:
14281:
14045:
13422:
13397:
10685:"An Archaeological Scenario for the "Coming of the Greeks" ca. 3200 B.C."
9295:, Robin Hägg, "Official and Popular Cults in Mycenaean Greece", pp. 35–39
6295:
3728:
3682:
3663:
3385:
3351:
3278:
3120:
2641:
2412:
2385:
2340:
2230:
2049:
2044:
1981:
1803:
1672:
1450:
graves next to the acropolis of Mycenae, in particular the Grave Circles
1446:
849:
725:
547:
22722:
20779:
19373:
15611:
13065:
12533:. Ministry of Communications and Works, Department of Antiquities. 1973.
11545:
11459:
11383:
11226:
From Cooking Vessels to Cultural Practices in the Late Bronze Age Aegean
10978:
10799:
10156:
10069:
10039:
7402:
7399:
1973:, Crete, Cyprus, Egypt and Syria, as well as by the Late Helladic IIIC (
1840:
23039:
22796:
22778:
22219:
22050:
21909:
21897:
21809:
21718:
21307:
21059:
20727:
20702:
20681:
20623:
20485:
20458:
20174:
20054:
19825:
19693:
19563:
19559:
19532:
19355:
19303:
19299:
19231:
19113:
18922:
18918:
18914:
18882:
18777:
18739:
18723:
18669:
18470:
18380:
17902:
17308:
17303:
17281:
17009:
16965:
16891:
16887:
16883:
16228:
15843:
15813:
15808:
15793:
15679:
15646:
15315:
15285:
14952:
14680:
14514:
14356:
14351:
14341:
14326:
14311:
14301:
14276:
13652:
13407:
13362:
13145:
13094:
11331:"The Kingdom of Mycenae: A Great Kingdom in the Late Bronze Age Aegean"
7426:
3936:
3627:
3282:
3157:
2756:
2671:
1970:
1830:
1818:
1779:
1619:
1590:), the palace of Knossos has yielded the earliest records of the Greek
1486:
1420:
1359:
1223:
861:
765:
761:
681:
238:
76:
62:
21974:
12867:
12736:
12527:
12485:
12266:
Taylour, Lord William; French, Elizabeth Bayard; Wardle, K.A. (2007).
12173:
12143:
11855:
Women in Mycenaean Greece: The Linear B Tablets from Pylos and Knossos
11026:
10326:
Mycenaean Greece, Mediterranean Commerce and the Formation of Identity
9988:"More than Myth: Ancient DNA Reveals Roots of 1st Greek Civilizations"
9962:"The Greeks really do have near-mythical origins, ancient DNA reveals"
9792:
The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age
8034:
1622:, indicate the existence of a Mycenaean settlement there already from
22229:
22142:
21158:
21116:
21089:
20899:
20844:
20828:
20686:
20526:
20480:
20405:
20380:
20347:
20201:
20144:
20119:
19540:
19528:
19504:
19434:
19398:
19363:
19323:
19315:
19295:
19255:
18997:
18950:
18942:
18902:
18894:
18840:
18815:
18751:
18709:
18697:
18548:
18523:
18430:
18400:
18295:
17559:
17105:
16999:
16983:
16903:
16869:
16801:
16793:
16777:
15818:
15744:
15729:
15699:
15694:
15626:
15550:
15535:
15520:
15463:
15363:
15015:
14947:
14519:
14499:
14469:
14464:
14459:
14424:
14419:
14389:
14336:
14296:
14075:
13941:
13895:
13875:
13506:
13377:
12752:
Güterbock, Hans G. (June 1984). "Hittites and Akhaeans: A New Look".
10636:. Los Angeles, CA: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology. pp. 190–200.
10265:
9162:
9145:
3755:
3404:
3303:
3297:
2956:
2929:
2587:
2493:
2489:
2473:
2397:
2311:
2279:
2273:
2255:
2245:
2224:
2214:
2208:
2124:) and confirmed by discoveries made by modern archaeologists such as
2017:
Invasions, destructions and possible population movements during the
1899:
1885:
was burned to the ground, around that year or slightly later. Nearby
1771:
1527:
883:
878:
588:
100:
39:
19998:
11372:
11221:
10088:
9720:
1200:
from the second millennium BC into the eighth century BC when a new
23110:
22899:
22377:
20879:
20874:
20742:
20697:
20618:
20506:
20501:
20470:
20227:
20184:
20149:
20114:
20062:
19769:
19753:
19749:
19554:
19524:
19520:
19512:
19508:
19480:
19452:
19359:
19319:
19287:
19263:
19251:
18926:
18858:
18852:
18811:
18785:
18769:
18755:
18731:
18705:
18693:
18630:
18626:
18618:
18404:
18384:
18359:
18349:
17948:
17888:
17147:
17127:
17113:
16899:
16833:
15868:
15858:
15848:
15823:
15601:
15568:
15530:
15473:
15388:
15373:
15230:
15220:
15137:
15132:
14529:
14524:
14484:
14479:
14454:
14434:
14361:
14316:
14306:
14162:
14060:
13995:
13923:
13531:
13175:
12859:
12728:
12522:
12135:
11062:
11018:
10684:
7683:, Chapter 5: Social Structure and Administrative System, pp. 69–83.
3584:
3576:
3551:
3309:
3100:
3017:
2691:
2633:
2625:
2543:
2516:
2484:
lands in central Anatolia appears to have been limited. Trade with
2481:
2453:
1966:
1938:
1834:
1795:
1778:. Attarsiya attacked Hittite vassals in western Anatolia including
1700:
1595:
1591:
1462:
1413:
1342:
1330:
1326:
1304:
1230:
1185:
841:
796:
749:
154:
66:
20824:
19430:
15621:
12472:(January–March 1990). "Archaic Roof Tiles the First Generations".
11374:
Societies in Transition in Early Greece: An Archaeological History
11330:
11152:
Hatzopoulos, Miltiades (2011). "Macedonians and other Greeks". In
11067:
Sprachwissenschaft Innsbruck Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen
10931:
Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean
1729:
in western Anatolia is mentioned in various Hittite accounts from
1375:
1325:
In the official records of another Bronze Age empire, that of the
22662:
22109:
21605:
21497:
20894:
20864:
20819:
20804:
20789:
20784:
20737:
20707:
20430:
20237:
20232:
20169:
20109:
20072:
19805:
19789:
19777:
19773:
19765:
19761:
19536:
19516:
19476:
19339:
19275:
19259:
18934:
18833:
18825:
18747:
18735:
18701:
18681:
18661:
18614:
18507:
18475:
18465:
18372:
17764:
17109:
17101:
17025:
16991:
16987:
16923:
16915:
16857:
16849:
16827:
16785:
16773:
16011:
16001:
15946:
15941:
15926:
15916:
15901:
15896:
15783:
15671:
15661:
15540:
15515:
15510:
15483:
15478:
15458:
15448:
15438:
15403:
15393:
15383:
15335:
15325:
15300:
15265:
15260:
15235:
14888:
14670:
14331:
14321:
14080:
14050:
14040:
14035:
14015:
14010:
13890:
13837:
13546:
13536:
13526:
13521:
13511:
13223:
12316:
Taylour, Lord William (1970). "New Light on Mycenaean Religion".
12174:"The Combat Agate from the Grave of the Griffin Warrior at Pylos"
11272:. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 585–618.
10390:. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
3639:
3535:
3479:
3427:
The painting of the Mycenaean age was much influenced by that of
3343:
3326:
3313:
3001:
2973:
2925:
2917:
2906:
2740:
2724:
2679:
2675:
2655:
2615:
2547:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2457:
2141:
1992:
1926:
1878:
1680:
1645:
1634:
1548:
1502:
1490:
1439:
1401:
1286:
1253:
924:
887:
709:
700:
peoples who were likely stimulated by their contact with insular
105:
16132:
15956:
15270:
11422:
10578:
10011:
9923:
9873:
7486:"New opportunities in turbulent times: Attica in the 12th c. BC"
6377:
3182:
Several important pieces in gold and other metals come from the
2897:
has been almost completely destroyed. A substantial building at
1469:. Mycenaean presence appears to be also depicted in a fresco at
22713:
22358:
22179:
21163:
21069:
20914:
20869:
20814:
20774:
20758:
20732:
20676:
20521:
20448:
20352:
20320:
20310:
20258:
20159:
20092:
19597:
19492:
19367:
19347:
19343:
19311:
19291:
19243:
18946:
18938:
18910:
18898:
18890:
18829:
18807:
18685:
18637:
18460:
18392:
18376:
18264:
17920:
17223:
17117:
17083:
17079:
17075:
17057:
16949:
16931:
16927:
16895:
16837:
16797:
16789:
16781:
16732:
16163:
15981:
15911:
15891:
15853:
15719:
15525:
15418:
15355:
15345:
15290:
14908:
14893:
14489:
14474:
14449:
14444:
14429:
14090:
14085:
13852:
13832:
13576:
13566:
13561:
13432:
13392:
13382:
13367:
11270:
The Philistines and other "Sea Peoples" in Text and Archaeology
10518:
A Private Place: Death in Prehistoric Greece [SIMA 125]
10065:
10063:
10061:
10059:
7926:
Pottery Production at the Late Mycenaean site of Alimos, Attica
6932:. World of art (New rev. ed.). London: Thames and Hudson.
6305:
3702:
3690:
3666:, launching large-scale projects unmatched in Europe until the
3527:
3400:
3317:
3286:
3265:
3257:
3227:
3195:
3040:
3036:
2988:
2969:
2902:
2898:
2885:
2716:
2711:
2611:
2539:
2508:
2449:
2401:
2344:
2192:
2137:
1988:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1866:
1811:
1807:
1783:
1775:
1696:
1676:
1660:
1641:
1576:
1568:
1552:
1498:
1353:
1319:
1208:
906:
812:
807:
already included several deities that can also be found in the
773:
769:
745:
737:
717:
697:
693:
131:
119:
12568:
Barlow, Jane Atwood; Bolger, Diane L.; Kling, Barbara (1991).
12227:
Prehistory and History: Ethnicity, Class and Political Economy
12081:"Penser — et mal penser — les Indo-Européens1 (Note critique)"
10810:
Mycenaean Civilization: An Annotated Bibliography through 2002
8447:, an alternative name of Apollo, if not again a separate god."
1747:
is generally accepted as a Hittite term for Mycenaean Greece (
22747:
21074:
21064:
20909:
20889:
20834:
20794:
20768:
20712:
20211:
19795:
19785:
19757:
19723:
19718:
19660:
19548:
19484:
19448:
18795:
18641:
17209:
17087:
17071:
16975:
16939:
16919:
16907:
16877:
16873:
16865:
16861:
16853:
16841:
16811:
16677:
15991:
15966:
15863:
15803:
15788:
15656:
15616:
15368:
15280:
15275:
15245:
15240:
15215:
14898:
14439:
14394:
14346:
13918:
13870:
13571:
13541:
13488:
13463:
13402:
13372:
12634:"Potere politico et funzione del sacro nella società micenee"
11718:
Moore, A.D.; Taylour, W.D.; French, Elizabeth Bayard (1999).
10634:
Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II: Revised and Expanded Edition
7770:
7736:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6361:
3798:-like) ancestry, with Mycenaean samples having approximately
3686:
3644:
3596:
3539:
3393:
3330:
3108:
2937:
2732:
2650:
2603:
2520:
2389:
2368:
2305:
2229:(te-me-no). There is also at least one instance of a person,
2188:
2158:
1931:
1668:
1630:
1580:
1572:
1474:
1466:
1218:
821:
777:
713:
115:
23150:
States and territories disestablished in the 12th century BC
13186:. University of Glasgow School of Humanities. Archived from
12014:
Greece before History: An Archaeological Companion and Guide
10056:
9834:
3609:
and later deciphered by English architect and cryptographer
2363:
The Mycenaean economy, given its pre-monetary nature, was a
1920:
1782:. Later, in c. 1315 BC, an anti-Hittite rebellion headed by
1371:
Early Mycenaean period and Shaft Grave era (c. 1750–1400 BC)
20671:
20330:
20315:
20295:
20196:
20077:
19496:
19488:
18801:
18761:
18727:
18689:
16995:
16935:
15996:
15971:
15921:
15408:
15398:
13205:"The Nemea Valley Archaeological Project: Internet Edition"
13137:"Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: Mycenaean Civilization"
12499:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 230–257.
12451:
Public Roles and Personal Status Men and Women in Antiquity
10405:
Beckman, Gary M.; Bryce, Trevor R.; Cline, Eric H. (2012).
10350:. illustrated by Giuseppe Rava. Oxford, UK: Osprey Pub Co.
9936:"Ancient DNA analysis reveals Minoan and Mycenaean origins"
9777:
Goliath's Legacy. Philistines and Hebrews in Biblical Times
3445:
2739:
appears to be an agricultural goddess, possibly related to
2699:
2485:
2203:
1709:
1494:
928:
12358:"The Components of Political Identity in Mycenaean Greece"
10581:"The genomic history of the Aegean palatial civilizations"
6516:, "Mycenaeans and Philistines in the Levant", pp. 501–629.
6477:
6475:
6358:
1817:
Scholars have speculated that the mythic tradition of the
23145:
States and territories established in the 17th century BC
20305:
16911:
11964:
9315:
3944:
3531:
3389:
3381:
3062:
2977:
2302:
2219:("companions" or "followers"). The land possessed by the
2133:
1890:
772:, while Mycenaean-influenced settlements appeared in the
11293:. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
11228:. Oxford and Philadelphia: Oxbow Books. pp. 15–26.
11184:. Harmondsworth: Penguin (Penguin/Yale History of Art).
8439:
suggested Homeric Paieon, which earlier would have been
7923:
3662:
The Mycenaean Greeks were also pioneers in the field of
2632:) seems to have occupied a place of privilege. He was a
13134:
12982:
Conuentus Classicorum: temas y formas del Mundo Clásico
12790:(in German). Berlin: Moreland Editions. pp. 65–88.
11907:. Oxford: John and Erica Hedges Ltd. and Archaeopress.
10239:
6472:
945:/1675–1050 BC) roughly coincide with Mycenaean Greece.
819:. At the head of this society was the king, known as a
12971:
Les Grands siècles de la peinture: La peinture Grecque
12230:. Montréal, Québec, Canada: Black Rose Books Limited.
11996:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
10828:
Fields, Nic; illustrated by Donato Spedaliere (2004).
10329:(1st ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
9518:"Ancient Greeks Used Portable Grills at Their Picnics"
6771:
6574:. Athens: Foundation of the Hellenic World. 1999–2000.
3622:
In the 8th century BC, after the end of the so-called
2888:, map of the palace and the surrounding fortifications
2191:(about 1350 BC; left) and two female charioteers from
1802:. At that time, another anti-Hittite movement, led by
20562:
12693:
12447:
11747:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 253–256.
11113:
Migrations and Invasions in Greece and Adjacent Areas
11000:. Stockholm: Victor Pettersons Bokindustriaktiebolag.
10407:"Writings from the Ancient World: The Ahhiyawa Texts"
9835:
Argyropoulos, E.; Sassouni, V.; Xeniotou, A. (1989).
8588:
7121:
7119:
7117:
6701:
6699:
3708:
3693:– were linguistically identified with the Greek term
3403:
on Aegina, at the sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas above
3174:
and culture than it ever became in Mycenaean Greece.
1841:
Collapse or Postpalatial Bronze Age (c. 1200–1050 BC)
1188:
script, a writing system adapted for the use of the (
938:–1675 BC), along with the Late Helladic (LH) period (
13030:
12589:
Boehm, Isabelle; Müller-Celka, Sylvie, eds. (2010).
11405:
Troy and Homer: Towards a Solution of an Old Mystery
10343:
10287:. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
9103:
9079:
9067:
9019:
8976:
8457:
8455:
8453:
3806:
steppe/Yamnaya-like ancestry on average, comprising
3264:
at Mycenae, 16th century BC (Archaeological Museum,
832:
in the eastern Mediterranean, to be followed by the
12617:. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing Limited.
12265:
11975:. London: British School of Archaeology at Athens.
11972:
The Archaeology of Cult: The Sanctuary at Phylakopi
11882:
Polemos: Warfare in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum)
11063:"Graeco-Anatolian Contacts in the Mycenaean Period"
9624:
9370:
8252:"Traces of opiates found in ancient Cypriot vessel"
8125:, "Eastern Sicily and the Aeolian Islands", p. 51;
3896:ancestry in some Minoan and Mycenaean individuals.
3731:study by Papagrigorakis et al. (2014) published in
13009:
12426:
12054:
11721:Well Built Mycenae (Volume 10): The Temple Complex
11717:
10997:The Mycenaean Pottery: Analysis and Classification
10557:
10472:
10432:In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon
9807:
9774:
9625:Gschnitzer, Fritz; Chaniotis, Angelos (May 2012).
9304:
8274:
8133:, Part IV: The Central Mediterranean, pp. 203–260.
7114:
6696:
6532:, Part IV: The Central Mediterranean, pp. 203–260.
3346:). The majority of these figurines are female and
2515:. Mycenaean products also penetrated further into
2496:. Mycenaean swords have been found as far away as
1902:, the main entrance into the Mycenaean acropolis.
1528:Koine era or Palatial Bronze Age (c. 1400–1200 BC)
13135:Hemingway, Seán; Hemingway, Colette (2000–2013).
12946:
12754:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
12588:
12567:
12454:. Sävedalen: Paul Åströms Förlag. pp. 3–18.
11875:"Mycenaean Militarism from a Textual Perspective"
10934:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10456:(New ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10404:
10301:
9919:
9917:
9721:"Did you Know you Speak Mycenaean Greek? You do!"
8647:
8450:
7509:EAA 2021, Widening Horizons, 8–11 September, Kiel
7490:EAA 2021, Widening Horizons, 8–11 September, Kiel
7307:
7305:
7267:
7265:
7125:
7049:
7047:
6705:
3162:Mycenaean palace amphora with octopus (NAMA 6725)
2240:appear to be in charge of the districts, such as
1833:, a possible Hittite rendering of the Greek name
1477:island, which possibly displays many warriors in
23121:
13157:. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College. Archived from
12571:Cypriot Ceramics: Reading the Prehistoric Record
12496:The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age
12011:Runnels, Curtis Neil; Murray, Priscilla (2001).
11311:Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece
11268:. In Killebrew, Ann E.; Lehmann, Gunnar (eds.).
10535:
10479:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
9746:
9744:
9199:
9197:
9195:
9193:
8509:
8400:
8398:
8396:
7407:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
6981:
6979:
6977:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6391:
3595:. The Linear B tablets were first discovered in
3031:and Athens, while smaller boulders are found in
3016:who believed that only the mythical giants, the
2187:Two Mycenaean chariot warriors on a fresco from
13459:
12947:Preziosi, Donald; Hitchcock, Louise A. (1999).
12841:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
12382:
12287:Taylour, Lord William (1969). "Mycenae, 1968".
11688:
11434:"Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans"
11377:. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
11353:Mycenaean IIIC:1b and Related Pottery in Cyprus
10863:Fields, Nic; illustrated by Brian Delf (2006).
10813:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc.
10515:Cavanagh, William G.; Mee, Christopher (1998).
8130:
7322:
7320:
6891:
6820:
6529:
6505:
6493:
3046:
2715:) are named in the Mycenaean scripts. As such,
2606:, Berbati, Malthi and Pylos, while a number of
791:was essential for the Mycenaean economy. Their
13031:Vermeule, Emily; Karageorghis, Vassos (1982).
10723:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
9914:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9542:
9540:
9538:
8533:
8531:
7302:
7262:
7044:
6835:
6833:
6831:
6829:
3892:on average). Lazaridis et al. also identified
3648:by identifying the places described by Homer.
2236:A number of local officials positioned by the
1998:
1961:, oddly, appears to have avoided destruction.
1845:
1774:, possibly related to the mythic character of
1425:Early and Middle Bronze Age in mainland Greece
836:, a recordless transitional period leading to
22763:
20014:
16148:
13239:
12553:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
12348:Mycenaean Pottery in Italy and Adjacent Areas
12010:
11954:Petrie, Sir William Matthew Flinders (1894).
11900:
11798:. Nicosia: Department of Antiquities, Cyprus.
11777:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
11314:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
11307:
11041:
10772:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10668:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10564:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
10435:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10365:Balmuth, Miriam S.; Tykot, Robert H. (1998).
10344:D'Amato, Raphaelo; Salimbeti, Andrea (2011).
9741:
9450:
9292:
9190:
9091:
8747:
8745:
8743:
8741:
8739:
8737:
8735:
8393:
8381:. Northridge, CA: California State University
8300:
8298:
8150:
8118:
8094:
7907:
7905:
7903:
7713:
7556:
7554:
7467:
7465:
7347:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7335:
6974:
6670:
6668:
6388:
3214:, the Mycenaean elite did not apparently use
2378:
2151:
2092:Reconstruction of the political landscape in
1400:) and as late as 1600 BC (with the spread of
654:
13144:Horejs, Barbara; Pavúk, Peter, eds. (2007).
12801:. London and New York: Thames & Hudson.
12424:
12272:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips.
12171:
11949:. Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri.
11766:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
11724:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips.
11308:Kagan, Donald; Viggiano, Gregory F. (2013).
11242:
10889:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
10854:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
10644:The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean
10385:
10364:
9789:
9061:
8999:
8997:
8948:
8946:
8944:
8855:
8853:
8851:
8826:
8824:
8822:
8820:
8687:
8685:
8683:
8612:
8600:
8521:Kn V 52 (text 208 in Ventris and Chadwick);
8090:
7958:
7956:
7954:
7317:
7076:
7074:
6800:
6798:
6631:
6629:
6509:
1814:, which then passed into Ahhiyawan control.
1720:
1431:. Towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age (
13143:
13037:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12172:Stocker, Sharon R.; Davis, Jack L. (2017).
12017:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
11667:
11151:
11060:
10834:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
10514:
10416:. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
9647:
9631:National Bank of Greece Cultural Foundation
9535:
9422:
9358:
9143:
8528:
8178:(in German). Freising. 1999. Archived from
8035:International Archaeological Symposium 1973
7815:
7813:
7811:
7691:
7689:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7288:. Lockwood Press. pp. 74–75, 139–142.
7228:
7226:
6826:
6659:
6462:
3717:by Argyropoulos et al. (1989) published in
22770:
22756:
22556:Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle
22503:International Congress of Maritime Museums
22483:Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
21775:
20021:
20007:
18110:Greece and the International Monetary Fund
16155:
16141:
14125:
13246:
13232:
13173:
12788:Südosteuropa zwischen 1600 und 1000 V. Chr
11492:
10951:The Annual of the British School at Athens
10698:
10540:(1963). "The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary".
10368:Studies in Sardinian Archaeology, Volume 5
10072:, pp. 1–13, Supplementary Materials:
10050:
10025:
8732:
8295:
8142:
8071:Boston University – The Historical Society
7900:
7842:
7840:
7595:
7593:
7551:
7462:
7332:
7010:
7008:
7006:
6665:
2987:Part of the galleries within the walls of
2705:A collection of "ladies" or "mistresses",
2658:used during later antiquity. For example,
799:, offers the first written records of the
661:
647:
146:administrative system, economy and culture
38:
22616:
22571:National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
19670:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
12978:
12967:
12785:
12764:
12751:
12714:
12700:. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
12389:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
12251:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12212:
12157:. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum.
12150:
11818:(3rd ed.). Munich: C.H. Beck Verlag.
11642:
11581:
11528:
11475:
11382:
11286:
11224:. In Hruby, Julie; Trusty, Debra (eds.).
11046:. Stockholm: Svenska Institutet i Athen.
10741:
10720:
10711:
10699:de la Cruz, José Clemente Martín (1988).
10665:1177 B.C. The Year Civilization Collapsed
10614:
10493:
9762:
9750:
9706:
9694:
9658:
9499:
9497:
9495:
9462:
9434:
9410:
9330:
9255:
9243:
9215:
9203:
9161:
9144:Wood, J. R.; Hsu, Y-T.; Bell, C. (2021).
9119:
9055:
9015:
8994:
8941:
8848:
8842:
8817:
8680:
8404:
8364:
8352:
8328:
8316:
8162:
8010:
7974:
7951:
7917:
7483:
7326:
7071:
7065:
6997:
6985:
6956:
6952:
6915:
6903:
6887:
6875:
6863:
6851:
6839:
6808:
6804:
6795:
6626:
6544:, "Greece: Dark Age Greece", pp. 253–256.
6481:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
3571:, the Mycenaean Greeks borrowed from the
3184:Gold grave goods at Grave Circles A and B
2083:
1953:, the northwestern Peloponnese, parts of
1921:Final collapse and differing trajectories
752:. Mycenaean settlements also appeared in
13051:
12903:
12882:
12631:
12468:
12403:
12351:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12248:Maritime Networks in the Mycenaean World
12244:
12219:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11791:
11004:
10993:
10552:
10280:
10229:The Journal of European Economic History
10222:
10086:
9718:
9486:
9231:
8919:
8715:
8573:
8549:
8522:
8497:
8473:
8461:
8432:
8272:
8122:
8093:, "The Mycenaeans in Sardinia", p. 400;
8082:
8030:
8022:
7894:
7858:
7825:
7808:
7719:
7686:
7680:
7665:
7572:
7560:
7471:
7387:
7357:
7223:
7026:
6968:
6620:
6584:
6125:Palace of Nestor, Messenia, Peloponnese
6095:Palace of Nestor, Messenia, Peloponnese
6065:Palace of Nestor, Messenia, Peloponnese
5345:Palace of Nestor, Messenia, Peloponnese
5315:Palace of Nestor, Messenia, Peloponnese
5285:Palace of Nestor, Messenia, Peloponnese
5255:Palace of Nestor, Messenia, Peloponnese
4719:Palace of Nestor, Messenia, Peloponnese
4337:Palace of Nestor, Messenia, Peloponnese
3555:
3418:
3356:
3336:
3251:
3090:
3082:
3012:was derived by the latter Greeks of the
2982:
2947:
2911:
2909:, near the modern village of Xirokambi.
2880:
2802:National Archaeological Museum of Athens
2771:
2581:
2434:
2426:
2334:
2323:
2087:
2012:
1849:
1754:
1601:
1531:
1465:and the Minoan centers on the island of
1374:
1163:
993:–1200 BC), and Postpalatial Bronze Age (
877:
22541:Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology
13016:. London: Thames & Hudson Limited.
13007:
12845:
12794:
12610:
12546:
12344:
12315:
12286:
12075:
12052:
12034:"Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean"
11989:
11942:
11872:
11813:
11802:
11770:
11761:
11493:Lazaridis, Iosif; et al. (2022a).
11370:
11263:
11109:
11080:
10927:
10904:. New York, NY: New York Review Books.
10682:
10386:Bietak, Manfred; Czerny, Ernst (2007).
9959:
9682:
9627:Ιστορία της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής Κοινωνίας
9438:
9398:
9346:
9342:
9316:Renfrew, Mountjoy & Macfarlane 1985
8964:
8883:
8561:
8537:
8485:
8428:
8416:
8176:"Amber object bearing Linear B symbols"
8146:
8110:
8106:
7837:
7590:
7584:
7533:
7521:
7351:
7003:
6927:
6777:
6723:
6525:
6442:
6352:
2431:Gold earring, c. 1600 BC, Louvre Museum
1172:, from a Mycenaean chamber tomb in the
14:
23122:
22493:European Association of Archaeologists
15179:
13202:
13155:"Prehistoric Archeology of the Aegean"
13125:
12836:
12822:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
12815:
12669:
12655:. London: Thera and the Aegean World.
12648:
12492:
12355:
12031:
11953:
11809:. New York: Columbia University Press.
11738:
11401:
11328:
11205:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military.
11198:
11130:
11083:Annual of the British School at Athens
11042:Hägg, Robin; Marinatos, Nannó (1981).
10948:
10918:
10897:
10862:
10827:
10035:
10033:
10021:
10019:
9985:
9803:
9801:
9685:, "Greece in the Bronze Age", pp. 7–8.
9670:
9515:
9492:
9474:
9267:
9043:
9031:
9003:
8988:
8907:
8895:
8859:
8830:
8811:
8799:
8787:
8775:
8763:
8751:
8691:
8658:
8656:
8643:
8641:
8584:
8582:
8340:
8304:
8114:
7986:
7945:
7911:
7796:
7707:
7695:
7659:
7647:
7635:
7623:
7611:
7599:
7375:
7363:
7283:
7271:
7232:
7205:
7189:
7153:
7137:
7108:
7104:
7092:
7080:
7038:
7014:
6789:
6741:
6717:
6690:
6686:
6674:
6647:
6635:
6608:
6596:
6541:
6405:
6333:
3815:Eastern European Hunter-Gatherer (EHG)
1837:, as brother of the king of Ahhiyawa.
22751:
22615:
21774:
21749:Pompey's campaign against the pirates
21707:
21577:
21576:
20959:
20561:
20040:
20028:
20002:
18239:
18012:
17391:
16703:
16193:
16136:
16036:
15178:
14607:
14111:
13458:
13278:
13227:
13174:Salimbetti, Andrea (September 2015).
13146:"The Aegeo-Balkan Prehistory Project"
13072:
12998:
12614:Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical
12429:Cities of Legend: The Mycenaean World
12223:
12119:
11921:
11851:
11822:
11349:
11219:
10806:
10786:
10762:
10714:The Origins of Mycenaean Civilization
10661:
10640:
10631:
10470:
10449:
10428:
10347:Bronze Age Greek Warrior 1600–1100 BC
10322:
10201:
9503:
9386:
9374:
9115:
8952:
8935:
8923:
8871:
8703:
8674:
8662:
8624:
8216:
8200:
8126:
8086:
8058:
8046:
8026:
7998:
7962:
7882:
7870:
7846:
7831:
7819:
7802:
7753:An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon
7545:
7502:
7456:
7311:
7256:
7244:
7217:
7201:
7177:
7165:
7149:
7053:
6765:
6753:
6729:
6466:
6446:
3087:Replicas of Mycenaean swords and cups
3004:on the outer edge and with hoop-like
2976:or on coastal plains, in the case of
2476:, which was a multi-purpose product.
1194:Greek language of the Late Bronze Age
787:, while trade over vast areas of the
15647:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
13279:
12425:Wardle, K.A.; Wardle, Diana (1997).
12085:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales
11925:Tholoi, Tumuli et Cercles Funéraires
11816:Geschichte der Griechischen Religion
11764:Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries
11176:
11061:Hajnal, Ivo; Posch, Claudia (2009).
10688:The Journal of Indo-European Studies
9326:
9184:
9131:
8618:
8606:
8377:Paul, Adams John (10 January 2010).
8376:
8254:. University of York. 3 October 2018
3681:There are scholars who identify the
2776:Mycenaean beads used for a necklace.
1957:and a number of Aegean islands. The
1248:. There is an isolated reference to
22488:Archaeological Institute of America
13148:. The Aegeo-Balkan Prehistory Team.
12953:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
12433:. London: Bristol Classical Press.
12383:van Wijngaarden, Geert Jan (2002).
11858:. Hoboken, NJ: Taylor and Francis.
11745:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology
11408:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10647:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10475:The Ancient Greeks: An Introduction
10030:
10016:
9979:
9953:
9928:
9808:Niesiołowski-Spano, Łukasz (2020).
9798:
9775:Niesiołowski-Spano, Łukasz (2016).
9187:, pp. 227–228 (p. 228 quoted).
8653:
8638:
8579:
6508:, Part II: The Levant, pp. 31–124;
3575:its syllabic writing system (i.e.,
3526:With respect to Mycenaean cuisine,
3438:
2636:deity, connected with earthquakes (
2201:The state was ruled by a king, the
1663:. Additional palaces were built in
1659:were erected at Mycenae and nearby
1340:to 1220 BC mention a country named
828:Mycenaean Greece perished with the
24:
14608:
13253:
13152:
12765:Hagg, Robin; Wells, Berit (1978).
12539:
11703:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1996.tb00087.x
10831:Mycenaean Citadels c. 1350–1200 BC
10735:10.1111/j.2041-5370.1999.tb00480.x
10500:. London and New York: Routledge.
8273:Cockburn, Harry (3 October 2018).
3709:Genetic and anthropometric studies
3560:Linear B tablets (Mycenaean Greek)
3151:
2751:) are mentioned in Pylos. Goddess
2439:Reconstruction of a Mycenaean ship
2103:
1810:, and later invaded the island of
1648:. Palaces proper are datable from
1618:Excavations at Miletus, southwest
901:" by modern archaeologists, after
27:Late Bronze Age Greek civilization
25:
23161:
22498:Institute of Nautical Archaeology
21888:Coastal defence and fortification
21263:Roman circumnavigation of Britain
20563:Navigation, and ports and harbors
16162:
13139:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
13119:
13034:Mycenaean Pictorial Vase Painting
12913:Journal of Archaeological Science
12889:. Göteborg: Paul Aströms Forlag.
12795:Higgins, Reynold Alleyne (1997).
12216:Mycenaean Pottery from the Levant
11771:Mylonas, George Emmanuel (1966).
11762:Mylonas, George Emmanuel (1961).
11290:Aegean Painting in the Bronze Age
10716:. Götenberg: Paul Aströms Förlag.
10521:. Jonsered: Paul Aströms Förlag.
10281:Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009).
9779:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
9371:Taylour, French & Wardle 2007
8716:Ταράντου, Σοφία (28 April 2009).
8283:from the original on 18 June 2022
7935:. Nottingham, UK. pp. 13–14.
6928:Higgins, Reynold Alleyne (1997).
4659:Peristeria Tryfilia, Peloponnese
3931:Haplogroups of Mycenaean samples
3226:believed that at the time of the
2943:
2099:–1250 BC mainland southern Greece
1980:–1040 BC) cemetery of Drivlia at
1941:. Mycenaean refugees migrated to
1196:, demonstrated the continuity of
22732:
22598:
22523:Society for American Archaeology
21757:
21690:
21559:
20942:
20544:
19982:
19973:
19972:
16116:
16106:
16097:
16096:
12523:https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.56.9
11814:Nilsson, Martin Persson (1967).
11803:Nilsson, Martin Persson (1940).
10167:
10150:
10134:
10110:
10099:
10080:
10044:
10005:
9867:
9828:
9783:
9768:
9756:
9712:
9700:
9688:
9676:
9664:
9618:
9592:
9566:
9516:Gannon, Megan (8 January 2014).
9509:
9480:
9468:
9456:
9444:
9428:
9416:
9404:
9392:
9380:
9364:
9352:
9336:
9320:
9309:
9305:Moore, Taylour & French 1999
9298:
9286:
9273:
9261:
9249:
9237:
9225:
9209:
9178:
9137:
9125:
9109:
9097:
9085:
9073:
9049:
9037:
9025:
9009:
8982:
8970:
8958:
8929:
8913:
8901:
8889:
8877:
8865:
8836:
8805:
8793:
8781:
8769:
8757:
8709:
8697:
8668:
8594:
8567:
8555:
8543:
8515:
8503:
8491:
8479:
8467:
8422:
8410:
8370:
8358:
8346:
8334:
8322:
8310:
8266:
8244:
8222:
8210:
8194:
8168:
8156:
8136:
8100:
8076:
8064:
8052:
8040:
8016:
8004:
7992:
7980:
7968:
7939:
7888:
7876:
7864:
7852:
6496:, Part III: Cyprus, pp. 125–202.
6271:
6262:
5165:Aidonia, Corinthia, Peloponnese
5135:Aidonia, Corinthia, Peloponnese
5105:Aidonia, Corinthia, Peloponnese
5075:Aidonia, Corinthia, Peloponnese
4479:Aidonia, Corinthia, Peloponnese
4453:Aidonia, Corinthia, Peloponnese
3478:
3469:
3293:) resembling champagne glasses.
2810:
2793:
2610:have been located near Mycenae,
2500:in the eastern Black Sea coast.
2177:
2168:
2032:of Mycenaean sites to invaders.
986:–1400 BC), Palatial Bronze Age (
848:or activities connected to the "
630:
220:
21955:Phoenician discovery of America
18190:Thessaloniki International Fair
16117:
13008:Taylour, Lord William (1990) .
12904:Nur, Amos; Cline, Eric (2000).
12848:American Journal of Archaeology
12717:American Journal of Archaeology
12123:American Journal of Archaeology
11928:. Paris: Diffusion de Boccard.
11901:Papadimitriou, Nikolas (2001).
11668:Lewartowski, Kazimierz (2000).
11137:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
11134:Handbook of Classical Mythology
11116:. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Press.
11110:Hammond, Nicholas G.L. (1976).
11007:American Journal of Archaeology
10471:Budin, Stephanie Lynn (2009) .
10414:Writings from the Ancient World
9986:Gannon, Megan (3 August 2017).
8207:chieftain in southern England!"
7763:
7729:
7701:
7653:
7641:
7629:
7617:
7605:
7578:
7566:
7539:
7527:
7515:
7496:
7477:
7450:
7441:
7393:
7381:
7369:
7277:
7250:
7238:
7211:
7195:
7183:
7171:
7159:
7143:
7131:
7126:Beckman, Bryce & Cline 2012
7098:
7086:
7059:
7032:
7020:
6991:
6962:
6946:
6921:
6909:
6897:
6881:
6869:
6857:
6845:
6814:
6783:
6759:
6747:
6735:
6711:
6706:Beckman, Bryce & Cline 2012
6680:
6653:
6641:
6614:
6602:
6590:
6578:
6564:
6547:
6535:
6519:
2865:
2787:"Armed combat in Mountain Glen"
2723:) appears in an inscription at
2358:
1229:Homer interchangeably used the
22930:Liaoning bronze dagger culture
22777:
21647:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
17977:Municipalities and communities
12883:Mountjoy, Penelope A. (1986).
12345:Taylour, Lord William (1958).
11182:The Arts in Prehistoric Greece
10371:. Ann Arbor, MI: Oxbow Books.
9960:Gibbons, Ann (2 August 2017).
9606:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
9580:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
9554:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
9506:, "Souvlaki trays", pp. 23–25.
8230:"Ancient Drug Trade Unearthed"
6499:
6487:
6456:
6436:
6411:
6301:Archaeological Museum of Chora
4427:Mygdalia, Achaea, Peloponnese
4307:Mygdalia, Achaea, Peloponnese
4277:Mygdalia, Achaea, Peloponnese
4217:Mygdalia, Achaea, Peloponnese
4187:Mygdalia, Achaea, Peloponnese
4157:Mygdalia, Achaea, Peloponnese
4067:Mygdalia, Achaea, Peloponnese
4037:Apatheia Galatas, Peloponnese
4007:Apatheia Galatas, Peloponnese
2901:in Thessaly, possibly ancient
2596:Archaeological Museum of Milos
1594:script, based on the previous
1485:reaching the western coast of
830:collapse of Bronze Age culture
13:
1:
22566:Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa
21241:Phoenician maritime expansion
17992:Decentralized administrations
16704:
16516:History of Greece (1923–1940)
13718:
13705:
13686:
13669:
12771:. Lund: Paul Astroms Forlag.
12505:10.1017/CCOL9780521814447.011
11969:; Macfarlane, Callum (1985).
11795:The First Myceneans in Cyprus
11774:Mycenae and the Mycenaean Age
11691:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
11245:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
11202:Bronze Age Military Equipment
10919:Fisher, Elizabeth A. (1998).
10316:10.1080/00497878.1981.9978529
10246:Journal of Quaternary Science
10176:, Supplementary information:
8648:Billigmeier & Turner 1981
6599:, pp. 159, 165, 208–209.
6380:, Supplementary Information:
6321:
6229:
6199:
6169:
6139:
6109:
6079:
6049:
6019:
5989:
5959:
5929:
5899:
5869:
5839:
5809:
5779:
5749:
5719:
5689:
5659:
5629:
5599:
5569:
5539:
5509:
5479:
5449:
5419:
5389:
5359:
5329:
5299:
5269:
5239:
5209:
5179:
5149:
5119:
5089:
5063:
5033:
5003:
4989:Tiryns, Argolid, Peloponnese
4973:
4943:
4913:
4883:
4853:
4823:
4793:
4779:Tiryns, Argolid, Peloponnese
4763:
4733:
4703:
4673:
4643:
4613:
4583:
4553:
4539:Tiryns, Argolid, Peloponnese
4523:
4493:
4467:
4441:
4411:
4381:
4351:
4321:
4291:
4261:
4231:
4201:
4171:
4141:
4111:
4081:
4051:
4021:
3991:
3961:
3917:
3880:on average), with additional
3842:
3603:
3565:
3512:
3232:
3137:
3111:, every rural community (the
3052:
2844:
2819:Armed combat in Mountain Glen
2767:
2348:
2093:
2022:
1974:
1907:
1874:
1859:
1764:
1737:
1730:
1649:
1623:
1611:
1584:
1541:
1432:
1334:
1297:
1279:
1257:
1105:
1059:
1005:
994:
987:
980:
973:
963:
956:
949:
939:
932:
917:
910:
867:
764:, on the south-west coast of
301:
285:
269:
86:
22980:South-Western Iberian Bronze
22508:Nautical Archaeology Society
17565:Parliamentary constituencies
17392:
16344:Foundation of Constantinople
16181:Alphabetical index of topics
14846:Funeral and burial practices
14031:Military of Mycenaean Greece
13128:"Les citadelles mycéniennes"
12676:Mycenae: Agamemnon's Capital
12245:Tartaron, Thomas F. (2013).
12213:Stubbings, Frank H. (1951).
11743:. In Fagan, Brian M. (ed.).
11614:Nature Ecology and Evolution
10641:Cline, Eric H., ed. (2012).
10225:"A Model of Social Progress"
10202:Alden, Maureen Joan (2000).
9413:, pp. 33–34, 53, 59–60.
9104:D'Amato & Salimbeti 2011
9080:D'Amato & Salimbeti 2011
9068:D'Amato & Salimbeti 2011
9020:D'Amato & Salimbeti 2011
8977:D'Amato & Salimbeti 2011
8510:Chadwick & Baumbach 1963
6807:, pp. 32, 53, 107–108;
6326:
3894:Levant Pre-Pottery Neolithic
3304:
3298:
3210:also found in elite graves.
3177:
3079:Military of Mycenaean Greece
3047:Other architectural features
2755:mentioned may be related to
2560:being traded in the eastern
2312:
2280:
2274:
2256:
2246:
2225:
2215:
2209:
1610:, found in Dendra, Argolid,
897:is generally termed as the "
680:) was the last phase of the
7:
22561:Museum of Ancient Seafaring
21938:Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
21744:Kidnapping of Julius Caesar
21601:Indus–Mesopotamia relations
20960:
20041:
18240:
18223:Water supply and sanitation
18013:
17780:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
17413:Constitutional amendments (
16683:Population exchange of 1923
16620:Greek countries and regions
16319:Wars of Alexander the Great
16194:
13003:. London: de la More Press.
12950:Aegean Art and Architecture
11960:. London: Methuen & Co.
11792:Nikolaou, Kyriakos (1973).
11426:Stamatoyannopoulos, John A.
11356:. Lund: P. Aströms Förlag.
11287:Immerwahr, Sara A. (1990).
11131:Hansen, William F. (2004).
10923:. Jonsered, Sweden: Astrom.
10807:Feuer, Bryan Avery (2004).
10748:. New York, NY: Routledge.
10453:The Kingdom of the Hittites
10159:, Supplementary Materials:
9892:10.1127/0003-5548/2014/0277
9790:Yasur-Landau, Asaf (2010).
9283:Oxford: Archaeopress, 2007.
8718:"Βρήκαν μυκηναϊκό ανάκτορο"
6892:Littauer & Crouwel 1996
6821:Littauer & Crouwel 1996
6284:
3423:Fresco of a Mycenaean woman
3414:
2567:
1999:Hypotheses for the collapse
1846:Initial decline and revival
1266:Egyptian records mention a
1252:in the Linear B records in
1149:
1132:Late Helladic IIIC (Middle)
955:/1675–1420 BC), and LHIII (
10:
23166:
23030:Wilburton-Wallington Phase
22417:Phoenician Ship Expedition
21708:
21258:Pytheas' voyage to Britain
21251:Circumnavigation of Africa
16644:Inventions and discoveries
16471:Modern Greek Enlightenment
14770:Greek Revival architecture
14112:
13001:The Dorians in Archaeology
12968:Robertson, Martin (1959).
12547:Anthony, David W. (2007).
12198:10.2972/hesperia.86.4.0583
12190:10.2972/hesperia.86.4.0583
12151:Schofield, Louise (2006).
12057:Ancient Greek Civilization
12032:Rutter, Jeremy B. (1996).
11946:Mycenaeans in Early Latium
11852:Olsen, Barbara A. (2014).
11627:10.1038/s41559-022-01952-3
11430:Stamatoyannopoulos, George
11329:Kelder, Jorrit M. (2010).
10742:Dickinson, Oliver (2006).
10712:Dickinson, Oliver (1977).
10599:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.039
10494:Castleden, Rodney (2005).
10194:
9880:Anthropologischer Anzeiger
9719:Vallance, Richard (2015).
8589:Whittaker von Hofsten 2007
7771:
7737:
6423:World History Encyclopedia
5495:Kastrouli-Desfina, Phokis
5465:Kastrouli-Desfina, Phokis
5435:Kastrouli-Desfina, Phokis
5225:Kastrouli-Desfina, Phokis
5195:Kastrouli-Desfina, Phokis
5049:Kastrouli-Desfina, Phokis
5019:Kastrouli-Desfina, Phokis
4959:Kastrouli-Desfina, Phokis
3734:Anthropologischer Anzeiger
3729:craniofacial morphological
3579:) and developed their own
3549:
3545:
3521:
3378:Psi and phi type figurines
3245:
3241:
3212:Though they collected them
3186:at Mycenae, including the
3076:
3072:
2876:
2869:
2571:
2379:Large-scale infrastructure
2343:found in the acropolis of
2319:
2306:
2152:Society and administration
2019:collapse of the Bronze Age
2002:
1365:
1333:, various references from
1278:) land for the first time
1153:
1124:Late Helladic IIIC (Early)
871:
23107:
23038:
22915:Indus Valley Civilisation
22825:Armorican Tumulus culture
22795:
22785:
22730:
22622:
22611:
22596:
22531:
22473:
22276:
22260:
22008:
21943:Samothrace temple complex
21878:
21833:
21792:
21785:
21781:
21770:
21755:
21714:
21703:
21688:
21586:
21572:
21557:
21510:
21463:
21316:
21283:
21276:
21214:
21015:
20972:
20968:
20955:
20940:
20659:
20572:
20568:
20557:
20542:
20494:
20429:
20366:
20251:
20220:
20053:
20049:
20036:
19968:
19910:
19839:
19573:
19213:
19170:
18960:
18604:
18547:
18426:Greek East and Latin West
18335:
18250:
18246:
18235:
18021:
18008:
17967:
17867:
17788:
17725:
17662:
17611:
17583:
17545:
17509:
17463:
17404:
17400:
17387:
17317:
17252:
17175:
16756:
16716:
16712:
16699:
16615:Geographical name changes
16559:
16436:
16352:
16262:
16206:
16202:
16189:
16171:
16092:
16043:
16037:
16032:
15877:
15754:
15743:
15670:
15592:
15549:
15496:
15354:
15206:
15197:
15193:
15174:
15123:
15038:
14976:
14938:
14931:
14881:
14841:
14832:
14754:
14631:
14627:
14603:
14569:
14538:
14380:
14267:
14211:
14178:Attalid kings of Pergamon
14133:
14124:
14120:
14107:
13986:Antigonid Macedonian army
13959:
13932:
13904:
13861:
13818:
13809:
13651:
13590:
13487:
13483:
13454:
13353:
13302:
13298:
13274:
13261:
13203:Wright, James C. (2002).
13176:"The Greek Age of Bronze"
12649:Doumas, Christos (1980).
12611:Burkert, Walter (1987) .
12404:Vianello, Andrea (2005).
12371:: 349–354. Archived from
12356:Thomas, Carol G. (1995).
12330:10.1017/S0003598X00041740
12301:10.1017/S0003598X00040187
12097:10.3406/ahess.1982.282879
11741:"Greece: Dark Age Greece"
11371:Knodell, Alex R. (2021).
11095:10.1017/S006824540001409X
10963:10.1017/S0068245400019146
10928:Freeman, Charles (2014).
10898:Finley, Moses I. (1954).
10787:Evans, Arthur J. (1930).
10769:The End of the Bronze Age
10683:Coleman, John E. (2000).
10429:Borza, Eugene N. (1992).
10223:Alexakha, Andrey (2016).
9822:10.2143/BIB.101.3.3288731
9293:Hägg & Marinatos 1981
9092:Kagan & Viggiano 2013
8431:, Volume I, pp. 500–504;
8232:. CBS News. 7 August 2002
8151:Runnels & Murray 2001
8119:Runnels & Murray 2001
8095:Runnels & Murray 2001
8001:, pp. 300, 387, 787.
7484:Salavoura, Eleni (2021).
7447:Millek 2023, pp. 147–156.
3617:
3599:by English archaeologist
3530:trays were discovered in
2592:late Helladic IIIA period
2347:, Eastern Mediterranean (
1854:Marching soldiers on the
1721:Involvement in Asia Minor
1583:. From that time period (
1560:
1379:Death mask, known as the
1315:
1140:Late Helladic IIIC (Late)
1104:Postpalatial Bronze Age (
392:Frankish and Latin states
184:
166:
137:
111:
99:
82:
72:
54:
46:
37:
21231:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
17969:Administrative divisions
17692:Macedonia naming dispute
17532:Parliamentary Committees
17517:Conference of Presidents
12798:Minoan and Mycenaean Art
12768:Opuscula Atheniensia XII
12671:French, Elizabeth Bayard
12410:. Oxford: Archaeopress.
12224:Tandy, David W. (2001).
11993:The First Western Greeks
11943:Peruzzi, Emilio (1980).
11674:. Oxford: Archaeopress.
11402:Latacz, Joachim (2004).
10323:Burns, Bryan E. (2010).
10174:Skourtanioti et al. 2023
10141:Skourtanioti et al. 2023
10117:Skourtanioti et al. 2023
10106:Skourtanioti et al. 2023
9134:, pp. 17–18, 23–24.
8613:Stocker & Davis 2017
8488:, Volume I, pp. 565–568.
8091:Balmuth & Tykot 1998
6930:Minoan and Mycenaean art
6510:Bietak & Czerny 2007
6419:"Mycenaean Civilization"
4509:Kolikrepi-Spata, Attica
4397:Kolikrepi-Spata, Attica
4367:Kolikrepi-Spata, Attica
4247:Kolikrepi-Spata, Attica
3882:Caucasus Hunter-Gatherer
3296:Stirrup jars (Linear B:
2762:
2422:
2329:Mycenaean palace amphora
2005:Late Bronze Age collapse
1713:(Linear B: wa-na-ka) in
1657:Cyclopean fortifications
1416:was deciphered in 1952.
1004:Early Mycenaean period (
503:Second Hellenic Republic
22875:Deverel–Rimbury culture
22513:RPM Nautical Foundation
22250:Surviving ancient ships
22169:Marsala Punic shipwreck
19618:Eastern Orthodox Church
17696:Language naming dispute
16456:Venetian Ionian islands
16370:Persecution of paganism
13126:Godart, Louis (2013) .
12638:Mélanges Pierre Lévêque
12053:Sansone, David (2004).
11990:Ridgway, David (1992).
11922:Pelon, Olivier (1976).
11566:10.1126/science.abm4247
11521:10.1126/science.abq0755
11350:Kling, Barbara (1989).
11264:Iacovou, Maria (2013).
11257:10.1111/1468-0092.00084
10994:Furumark, Arne (1941).
10866:Bronze Age War Chariots
10662:Cline, Eric H. (2014).
10208:. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
10087:Heggarty, Paul (2022).
9816:. 101, 3 (3): 444–452.
9604:Encyclopædia Britannica
9578:Encyclopædia Britannica
9552:Encyclopædia Britannica
9548:"Linear A and Linear B"
9359:Cavanagh & Mee 1998
7787:A Greek–English Lexicon
7638:, pp. 45, 86, 107.
6660:Hajnal & Posch 2009
3855:BC (Crete Armenoi) had
2856:Priestess of Key-Bearer
2384:drainage system of the
2041:Ancient Greek tradition
1176:, 14th–13th century BC.
785:military infrastructure
557:Third Hellenic Republic
525:Collaborationist regime
476:First Hellenic Republic
425:Venetian Ionian Islands
22546:Giza Solar boat museum
22000:Underwater exploration
21995:Underwater archaeology
21960:Pre-Columbian theories
21815:John Sinclair Morrison
21776:Research and education
21226:Austronesian Expansion
19947:Orders and decorations
19684:Greek Old Calendarists
18155:Science and technology
18115:Greek economic miracle
17982:Administrative regions
16428:Fall of Constantinople
16423:Despotate of the Morea
16395:Macedonian Renaissance
14212:Artists & scholars
14127:List of ancient Greeks
13764:Second Athenian League
13613:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
13438:Ancient Greek colonies
12974:. Genève-Paris: Skira.
12933:10.1006/jasc.1999.0431
12632:De Fidio, Pia (1990).
11806:Greek Popular Religion
10450:Bryce, Trevor (2005).
10157:Lazaridis et al. 2022b
10070:Lazaridis et al. 2022b
10040:Lazaridis et al. 2022b
9841:The Angle Orthodontist
8379:"Mycenaean Divinities"
7284:Millek, Jesse (2023).
4689:Agia Kyriaki, Salamis
3720:The Angle Orthodontist
3715:cephalometric analysis
3676:cradle of civilization
3561:
3424:
3373:
3269:
3260:with gold horns, from
3096:
3088:
2991:
2960:
2921:
2889:
2823:Mycenaean civilization
2777:
2598:
2578:List of Mycenaean gods
2519:, as well as southern
2492:and the shores of the
2468:. The 14th century BC
2440:
2432:
2355:
2332:
2331:, found in the Argolid
2100:
2084:Political organization
2028:
1870:
1760:
1615:
1537:
1384:
1285:, during the reign of
1177:
890:
678:Mycenaean civilization
488:(1832-1924, 1935-1973)
157:script records of the
50:Mycenaean civilization
18:Mycenaean civilization
22617:Legend and literature
22575:Viking ship museums:
22551:Grand Egyptian Museum
22311:Austronesian replicas
22286:Heyerdahl expeditions
22196:Caligula's Giant Ship
22056:Dover Bronze Age Boat
20718:Berenice Troglodytica
19666:Greek Orthodox Church
18036:Athens Stock Exchange
17455:Supreme Special Court
16234:Cycladic civilization
15331:Sybaris on the Traeis
14056:Sacred Band of Thebes
13796:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
13310:Cycladic civilization
12942:on 21 September 2006.
12837:Huxley, G.L. (1960).
12816:Hooker, J.T. (1976).
12378:on 29 September 2013.
11967:Mountjoy, Penelope A.
11873:Palaima, Tom (1999).
11837:10.1353/are.2015.0007
11220:Hruby, Julie (2017).
10901:The World of Odysseus
10794:. London: Macmillan.
10705:Madrider Mitteilungen
10593:(10): 2565–2586.e21.
10185:Supplementary Table 2
9924:Lazaridis et al. 2017
7778:Liddell, Henry George
7744:Liddell, Henry George
7503:Zeman, Piotr (2021).
6559:The World of Odysseus
6514:Sigrid Deger-Jalkotzy
6378:Lazaridis et al. 2017
6355:, Table 1, pp. 7, 65.
4127:Proskynas, Phthiotis
3870:Early European Farmer
3780:Pontic–Caspian steppe
3559:
3422:
3360:
3337:Figures and figurines
3289:and stemmed cups (or
3255:
3094:
3086:
2986:
2951:
2915:
2884:
2775:
2731:, similar to a later
2585:
2438:
2430:
2338:
2327:
2195:(1200 BC; right)
2091:
2016:
1853:
1758:
1605:
1535:
1427:with influences from
1398:spread of agriculture
1378:
1167:
1058:Palatial Bronze Age (
905:, the Greek name for
881:
842:extensive use of iron
22945:Mumun pottery period
22518:Sea Research Society
21920:Maritime archaeology
21729:Ameinias the Phocian
21724:Mediterranean piracy
19952:World Heritage Sites
18534:Units of measurement
17927:New Social Movements
17490:Presidential Mansion
17347:Environmental issues
17068:North Aegean islands
16630:Renaissance scholars
16526:4th of August Regime
16476:Septinsular Republic
16329:Wars of the Diadochi
16304:Peloponnesian League
14856:mythological figures
14577:Ancient Greek tribes
13702:Peloponnesian League
13190:on 27 September 2013
12999:Skeat, T.C. (1934).
11739:Morris, Ian (1996).
11199:Howard, Dan (2011).
10012:Clemente et al. 2021
9437:, pp. 53, 107;
9150:Internet Archaeology
8131:van Wijngaarden 2002
8129:, pp. 155–157;
8089:, pp. 155–157;
7247:, pp. 361, 364.
7168:, pp. 129, 368.
6890:, pp. 53, 107;
6611:, pp. 159, 165.
6530:van Wijngaarden 2002
6506:van Wijngaarden 2002
6494:van Wijngaarden 2002
6291:Aegean civilizations
6245:Koukounaries, Paros
6215:Koukounaries, Paros
6185:Koukounaries, Paros
6155:Koukounaries, Paros
3901:Max Planck Institute
3784:Proto-Greek language
3364:female figurines of
2260:, "deputy") and the
2035:The hypothesis of a
1421:modern Mycenologists
1222:in reference to the
1127:1210/1200–1170/1160
1097:1330/1315–1210/1200
1089:1390/1370–1330/1315
1081:1420/1410–1390/1370
1051:1480/1470–1420/1410
1043:1635/1600–1480/1470
1035:1700/1675–1635/1600
1027:1750/1720–1700/1675
927:-type dwellings and
760:, on islands in the
512:4th of August Regime
458:Septinsular Republic
65:islands and Western
22940:Minoan civilization
22870:Deer stones culture
22830:Atlantic Bronze Age
22810:Aegean civilization
21611:Maritime Jade Route
20764:Kaveri Poompattinam
19441:Musical instruments
19057:Greek Sign Language
18360:Concept of kingship
18209:Rio–Antirrio bridge
18175:Subdivisions by GDP
17839:Human rights abuses
17522:Hellenic Parliament
16481:War of Independence
16419:Despotate of Epirus
16385:Arab–Byzantine wars
16380:Plague of Justinian
16280:Iron Age migrations
16254:Bronze Age collapse
16239:Minoan civilization
14968:Tunnel of Eupalinos
14963:Theatre of Dionysus
14587:Ancient Macedonians
14203:Tyrants of Syracuse
13715:Amphictyonic League
13315:Minoan civilization
13087:1982ClCh....4..173W
12925:2000JArSc..27...43N
12839:Achaeans and Greeks
11513:2022Sci...377..940L
11460:10.1038/nature23310
11452:2017Natur.548..214L
11384:10.1525/luminos.101
10800:10.11588/DIGLIT.811
10560:The Mycenaean World
10258:2021JQS....36..586A
9489:, pp. 403–440.
9349:, pp. 270–280.
9270:, pp. 101–187.
9246:, pp. 56, 166.
8967:, pp. 367–368.
8665:, pp. 107–138.
8615:, pp. 588–589.
8603:, pp. 277–296.
7575:, pp. 164–169.
7536:, pp. 231–232.
7524:, pp. 227–228.
7419:2018BuSSA.108.1046H
7208:, pp. 119–120.
7140:, pp. 119–120.
7095:, pp. 108–109.
6894:, pp. 297–305.
4629:Glyka Nera, Attica
4569:Glyka Nera, Attica
3932:
3744:study published in
3636:Heinrich Schliemann
3573:Minoan civilization
3192:Silver Siege Rhyton
2966:Acropolis of Athens
2895:acropolis of Athens
2594:, 14th century BC,
2126:Heinrich Schliemann
2039:, known as such in
1959:acropolis of Athens
1479:boar's tusk helmets
1318:), the name of the
1174:Acropolis of Athens
1156:Names of the Greeks
1112:
1086:Late Helladic IIIA2
1078:Late Helladic IIIA1
1066:
1024:Middle Helladic III
1012:
467:War of Independence
409:Early modern Greece
259:Helladic chronology
171:Minoan civilization
34:
23089:Leyla-Tepe culture
23046:and Transcaucasia)
22860:Chinese Bronze Age
22840:Bronze Age Britain
22159:Bajo de la Campana
21861:Peter Throckmorton
21846:Jean-Yves Empereur
21820:William L. Rodgers
21641:Maritime Silk Road
19738:Primordial deities
19642:Early 20th century
19106:Minority languages
18304:Aromanian question
18217:Thessaloniki Metro
18185:Telecommunications
17854:Political scandals
17769:Presidential Guard
17624:Capital punishment
17480:Government Gazette
17183:Canyons and gorges
16635:Hellenic languages
16324:Hellenistic period
16290:Greco-Persian Wars
15642:Menestheus's Limin
15296:Pandosia (Lucania)
15184:Greek colonisation
14546:Athenian statesmen
14307:Diogenes of Sinope
14168:Kings of Macedonia
14158:Kings of Commagene
14026:Macedonian phalanx
14006:Hellenistic armies
13754:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
13618:Indo-Greek Kingdom
13340:Hellenistic Greece
13153:Rutter, Jeremy B.
13130:(in French). Clio.
13095:10.1007/bf00140587
12679:. Stroud: Tempus.
11560:(6609): eabm4247.
10869:. Oxford: Osprey.
9574:"Sir Arthur Evans"
9451:Papadimitriou 2001
9345:, pp. 91–97;
9329:, pp. 77–83;
8476:, pp. 95, 99.
8145:, pp. 77–92;
7427:10.1785/0120170348
7041:, pp. 50, 52.
6811:, pp. 97–107.
6689:, pp. 37–38;
4749:Lazarides, Aegina
4599:Lazarides, Aegina
4097:Lazarides, Aegina
3930:
3672:relieving triangle
3562:
3505:Treasury of Atreus
3489:Treasury of Atreus
3425:
3374:
3270:
3148:their lower edge.
3129:boar's tusk helmet
3097:
3089:
2992:
2961:
2955:, backside of the
2922:
2916:The hearth of the
2890:
2778:
2599:
2574:Mycenaean religion
2470:Uluburun shipwreck
2441:
2433:
2417:Isthmus of Corinth
2356:
2333:
2122:Catalogue of Ships
2101:
2029:
1871:
1761:
1616:
1575:in the Near East,
1538:
1402:chariot technology
1385:
1202:Phoenician-derived
1178:
1170:boar's tusk helmet
1168:Warrior wearing a
1103:
1094:Late Helladic IIIB
1057:
1003:
893:The Bronze Age in
891:
690:Greek civilization
354:Hellenistic Greece
55:Geographical range
32:
23130:2nd millennium BC
23117:
23116:
23000:Terramare culture
22955:Nordic Bronze Age
22905:Hallstatt culture
22850:Canegrate culture
22845:Bronze Age Europe
22815:Andronovo culture
22745:
22744:
22741:
22740:
22607:
22606:
22594:
22593:
22214:Madrague de Giens
21933:Temple of Isthmia
21929:Maritime temples
21915:Marine navigation
21874:
21873:
21866:Shelley Wachsmann
21856:J. Richard Steffy
21766:
21765:
21699:
21698:
21568:
21567:
21555:
21554:
21506:
21505:
21236:Ocean exploration
20951:
20950:
20938:
20937:
20597:Rutter (nautical)
20553:
20552:
20540:
20539:
20396:Mortise and tenon
20030:Ancient seafaring
19996:
19995:
19964:
19963:
19960:
19959:
19646:Late 20th century
19626:Early Middle Ages
19110:Albanian language
18308:Megleno-Romanians
18231:
18230:
18004:
18003:
18000:
17999:
17682:Council of Europe
17664:Foreign relations
17644:Life imprisonment
17575:Political parties
17383:
17382:
17379:
17378:
17332:Natural disasters
17277:Mediterranean Sea
16770:Aetolia-Acarnania
16695:
16694:
16691:
16690:
16649:Language question
16511:Greco-Turkish War
16460:Kingdom of Candia
16314:League of Corinth
16309:Peloponnesian War
16130:
16129:
16088:
16087:
16028:
16027:
16024:
16023:
16020:
16019:
15594:Iberian Peninsula
15526:Lipara/Meligounis
15492:
15491:
15170:
15169:
15166:
15165:
15143:Cypriot syllabary
15034:
15033:
14943:Athenian Treasury
14927:
14926:
14599:
14598:
14595:
14594:
14188:Ptolemaic dynasty
14148:Archons of Athens
14103:
14102:
14099:
14098:
13974:Athenian military
13955:
13954:
13788:League of Corinth
13770:Thessalian League
13746:Chalcidian League
13728:Acarnanian League
13638:Ptolemaic Kingdom
13450:
13449:
13446:
13445:
13161:on 1 January 2009
13044:978-0-67-459650-4
13023:978-0-50-027586-3
12991:978-84-697-8214-9
12960:978-0-19-284208-4
12896:978-9-18-609832-2
12808:978-0-50-020303-3
12778:978-9-18-508612-2
12707:978-9-65-221036-4
12686:978-0-7524-1951-0
12662:978-0-95-061332-1
12624:978-1-11-872499-6
12603:978-2-35668-012-9
12581:978-0-92-417110-9
12560:978-0-691-05887-0
12440:978-1-85-399355-8
12417:978-1-84-171875-0
12396:978-9-05-356482-0
12279:978-1-84-217295-7
12237:978-1-55164-188-1
12068:978-0-631-23236-0
12040:on 1 January 2009
12024:978-0-8047-4050-0
12003:978-0-52-142164-5
11982:978-0-50-096021-9
11914:978-1-84-171170-6
11865:978-1-31-774795-6
11731:978-1-84-217000-7
11681:978-1-84-171079-2
11507:(6609): 940–951.
11446:(7666): 214–218.
11394:978-0-520-38054-7
11363:978-9-18-609893-3
11300:978-0-27-100628-4
11279:978-1-58-983721-8
11169:978-90-04-20650-2
11144:978-1-57-607226-4
11123:978-0-8155-5047-1
11053:978-9-18-508643-6
10911:978-1-59-017017-5
10820:978-0-78-641748-3
10779:978-0-69-102591-9
10755:978-0-20-396836-9
10675:978-1-40-084998-7
10654:978-0-19-987360-9
10571:978-0-521-29037-1
10528:978-9-17-081178-4
10507:978-0-415-36336-5
10486:978-0-19-537984-6
10442:978-0-691-00880-6
10397:978-3-7001-3527-2
10294:978-0-691-13589-2
10215:978-1-84-217018-2
9794:. Cambridge: CUP.
9600:"Michael Ventris"
8601:Hughes-Brock 1999
8552:, pp. 92–93.
8182:on 30 August 2016
7650:, pp. 86–87.
7413:(3A): 1046–1070.
6988:, pp. 71–72.
6939:978-0-500-20303-3
6918:, pp. 64–68.
6677:, pp. 46–47.
6408:, pp. 10–11.
6258:
6257:
3833:at Kastrouli, or
3653:Olympian Pantheon
3589:Mycenaean dialect
3248:Mycenaean pottery
3188:Mask of Agamemnon
2959:, Mycenae, Greece
2953:Cyclopean masonry
2872:Cyclopean masonry
2737:Si-to po-ti-ni-ja
2608:sacred enclosures
1483:Mycenaean pottery
1381:Mask of Agamemnon
1256:, Crete dated to
1205:alphabetic script
1184:of the Mycenaean
1147:
1146:
1101:
1100:
1055:
1054:
1048:Late Helladic IIB
1040:Late Helladic IIA
862:Trojan Epic Cycle
671:
670:
637:Greece portal
561:
552:
543:
534:
516:
507:
498:
489:
485:Kingdom of Greece
480:
471:
462:
438:
429:
420:
396:
367:
358:
349:
340:
331:
308:
292:
276:
194:
193:
150:Cyclopean masonry
47:Alternative names
16:(Redirected from
23157:
23140:Mycenaean Greece
23047:
23020:Urnfield culture
22985:Srubnaya culture
22950:Mycenaean Greece
22935:Lusatian culture
22885:Ewart Park Phase
22865:Cycladic culture
22855:Catacomb culture
22820:Apennine culture
22805:Abashevo culture
22772:
22765:
22758:
22749:
22748:
22736:
22735:
22630:Ark of bulrushes
22613:
22612:
22602:
22601:
22240:Oldest surviving
21950:Nusantao network
21825:Chester G. Starr
21790:
21789:
21783:
21782:
21772:
21771:
21761:
21760:
21734:Cilician pirates
21705:
21704:
21694:
21693:
21631:Sa Huynh-Kalanay
21626:Iron Age Britain
21574:
21573:
21563:
21562:
21281:
21280:
20970:
20969:
20957:
20956:
20946:
20945:
20860:Ptolemais Theron
20570:
20569:
20559:
20558:
20548:
20547:
20140:Single-outrigger
20051:
20050:
20038:
20037:
20023:
20016:
20009:
20000:
19999:
19986:
19976:
19975:
19932:national colours
19849:Ancient Olympics
19746:Twelve Olympians
19674:Church of Greece
19634:Early Modern Era
19630:Late Middle Ages
19584:Ancient religion
19138:Megleno-Romanian
19035:Greco-Australian
18571:Heptanese school
18504:Independence Day
18248:
18247:
18237:
18236:
18010:
18009:
17931:Environmentalism
17593:Council of State
17402:
17401:
17389:
17388:
16714:
16713:
16701:
16700:
16585:Christianization
16445:
16415:Empire of Nicaea
16400:East–West Schism
16375:Migration period
16365:Byzantine period
16358:
16334:Roman–Greek wars
16295:Classical period
16268:
16267:(1100 BC-330 AD)
16249:Mycenaean period
16212:
16204:
16203:
16191:
16190:
16157:
16150:
16143:
16134:
16133:
16120:
16119:
16110:
16100:
16099:
16034:
16033:
15752:
15751:
15251:Heraclea Lucania
15204:
15203:
15195:
15194:
15176:
15175:
14936:
14935:
14868:Twelve Olympians
14839:
14838:
14629:
14628:
14605:
14604:
14193:Seleucid dynasty
14173:Kings of Paionia
14122:
14121:
14109:
14108:
13979:Scythian archers
13886:Graphe paranomon
13816:
13815:
13723:
13720:
13710:
13707:
13691:
13688:
13678:
13674:
13671:
13485:
13484:
13456:
13455:
13335:Classical Greece
13320:Mycenaean Greece
13300:
13299:
13276:
13275:
13248:
13241:
13234:
13225:
13224:
13220:
13218:
13216:
13211:on 31 March 2007
13199:
13197:
13195:
13179:
13170:
13168:
13166:
13149:
13140:
13131:
13114:
13069:
13048:
13027:
13015:
13004:
12995:
12975:
12964:
12943:
12941:
12935:. Archived from
12910:
12900:
12879:
12842:
12833:
12819:Mycenaean Greece
12812:
12791:
12782:
12761:
12748:
12711:
12690:
12666:
12645:
12628:
12607:
12585:
12564:
12534:
12518:
12489:
12465:
12444:
12432:
12421:
12400:
12379:
12377:
12362:
12352:
12341:
12324:(176): 270–280.
12312:
12283:
12262:
12241:
12220:
12209:
12168:
12147:
12116:
12077:Sergent, Bernard
12072:
12060:
12049:
12047:
12045:
12028:
12007:
11986:
11965:Renfrew, Colin;
11961:
11950:
11939:
11918:
11897:
11895:
11893:
11879:
11869:
11848:
11819:
11810:
11799:
11788:
11767:
11758:
11735:
11714:
11685:
11664:
11646:
11603:
11585:
11542:
11532:
11489:
11479:
11419:
11398:
11386:
11367:
11346:
11344:
11342:
11325:
11304:
11283:
11260:
11239:
11216:
11195:
11173:
11148:
11127:
11106:
11077:
11075:
11073:
11057:
11038:
11001:
10990:
10945:
10924:
10915:
10894:
10888:
10880:
10859:
10853:
10845:
10824:
10803:
10783:
10759:
10738:
10717:
10708:
10695:
10679:
10658:
10637:
10628:
10618:
10575:
10563:
10549:
10536:Chadwick, John;
10532:
10511:
10490:
10478:
10467:
10446:
10425:
10411:
10401:
10382:
10361:
10340:
10319:
10298:
10277:
10266:10.1002/jqs.3314
10236:
10219:
10188:
10187:
10181:
10179:pp. 11–31, 39–61
10171:
10165:
10164:
10154:
10148:
10146:
10138:
10132:
10130:
10126:
10122:
10114:
10108:
10103:
10097:
10096:
10084:
10078:
10077:
10067:
10054:
10048:
10042:
10037:
10028:
10023:
10014:
10009:
10003:
10002:
10000:
9998:
9983:
9977:
9976:
9974:
9972:
9966:Science Magazine
9957:
9951:
9950:
9948:
9946:
9932:
9926:
9921:
9912:
9911:
9871:
9865:
9864:
9832:
9826:
9825:
9805:
9796:
9795:
9787:
9781:
9780:
9772:
9766:
9760:
9754:
9748:
9739:
9738:
9733:
9731:
9716:
9710:
9704:
9698:
9692:
9686:
9680:
9674:
9668:
9662:
9656:
9645:
9644:
9622:
9616:
9615:
9613:
9611:
9596:
9590:
9589:
9587:
9585:
9570:
9564:
9563:
9561:
9559:
9544:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9528:
9513:
9507:
9501:
9490:
9484:
9478:
9472:
9466:
9460:
9454:
9448:
9442:
9432:
9426:
9423:Lewartowski 2000
9420:
9414:
9408:
9402:
9396:
9390:
9384:
9378:
9368:
9362:
9356:
9350:
9340:
9334:
9324:
9318:
9313:
9307:
9302:
9296:
9290:
9284:
9277:
9271:
9265:
9259:
9253:
9247:
9241:
9235:
9229:
9223:
9213:
9207:
9201:
9188:
9182:
9176:
9175:
9165:
9163:10.11141/ia.56.9
9141:
9135:
9129:
9123:
9113:
9107:
9101:
9095:
9089:
9083:
9077:
9071:
9065:
9059:
9053:
9047:
9041:
9035:
9029:
9023:
9013:
9007:
9001:
8992:
8986:
8980:
8974:
8968:
8962:
8956:
8950:
8939:
8933:
8927:
8917:
8911:
8905:
8899:
8893:
8887:
8881:
8875:
8869:
8863:
8857:
8846:
8840:
8834:
8828:
8815:
8809:
8803:
8797:
8791:
8785:
8779:
8773:
8767:
8761:
8755:
8749:
8730:
8729:
8727:
8725:
8713:
8707:
8701:
8695:
8689:
8678:
8672:
8666:
8660:
8651:
8650:, pp. 3–20.
8645:
8636:
8622:
8616:
8610:
8604:
8598:
8592:
8591:, pp. 3–18.
8586:
8577:
8571:
8565:
8559:
8553:
8547:
8541:
8535:
8526:
8519:
8513:
8507:
8501:
8495:
8489:
8483:
8477:
8471:
8465:
8459:
8448:
8426:
8420:
8414:
8408:
8402:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8374:
8368:
8362:
8356:
8350:
8344:
8338:
8332:
8326:
8320:
8314:
8308:
8302:
8293:
8292:
8290:
8288:
8278:
8270:
8264:
8263:
8261:
8259:
8248:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8237:
8226:
8220:
8214:
8208:
8198:
8192:
8191:
8189:
8187:
8172:
8166:
8160:
8154:
8140:
8134:
8104:
8098:
8080:
8074:
8068:
8062:
8056:
8050:
8044:
8038:
8020:
8014:
8008:
8002:
7996:
7990:
7984:
7978:
7972:
7966:
7960:
7949:
7943:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7921:
7915:
7909:
7898:
7892:
7886:
7880:
7874:
7868:
7862:
7856:
7850:
7844:
7835:
7829:
7823:
7817:
7806:
7800:
7794:
7774:
7773:
7767:
7761:
7740:
7739:
7733:
7727:
7717:
7711:
7705:
7699:
7693:
7684:
7678:
7663:
7657:
7651:
7645:
7639:
7633:
7627:
7621:
7615:
7609:
7603:
7597:
7588:
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7576:
7570:
7564:
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7549:
7543:
7537:
7531:
7525:
7519:
7513:
7512:
7500:
7494:
7493:
7481:
7475:
7469:
7460:
7454:
7448:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7397:
7391:
7385:
7379:
7373:
7367:
7361:
7355:
7349:
7330:
7324:
7315:
7309:
7300:
7299:
7281:
7275:
7269:
7260:
7254:
7248:
7242:
7236:
7230:
7221:
7215:
7209:
7199:
7193:
7187:
7181:
7175:
7169:
7163:
7157:
7147:
7141:
7135:
7129:
7123:
7112:
7102:
7096:
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7084:
7078:
7069:
7063:
7057:
7051:
7042:
7036:
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7024:
7018:
7012:
7001:
6995:
6989:
6983:
6972:
6966:
6960:
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6944:
6943:
6925:
6919:
6913:
6907:
6901:
6895:
6885:
6879:
6873:
6867:
6861:
6855:
6849:
6843:
6837:
6824:
6818:
6812:
6802:
6793:
6787:
6781:
6775:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6751:
6745:
6739:
6733:
6727:
6721:
6715:
6709:
6703:
6694:
6684:
6678:
6672:
6663:
6657:
6651:
6645:
6639:
6633:
6624:
6618:
6612:
6606:
6600:
6594:
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6576:
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6568:
6562:
6551:
6545:
6539:
6533:
6523:
6517:
6503:
6497:
6491:
6485:
6479:
6470:
6463:Hatzopoulos 2011
6460:
6454:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6386:
6385:
6375:
6356:
6350:
6311:Palace of Nestor
6278:
6275:
6269:
6266:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6211:
6208:
6204:
6201:
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6144:
6141:
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6111:
6091:
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5908:
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5881:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5821:
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5814:
5811:
5791:
5788:
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5758:
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5751:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5701:
5698:
5694:
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5668:
5664:
5661:
5641:
5638:
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5631:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5551:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5461:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5431:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5251:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4955:
4952:
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4925:
4922:
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4915:
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4892:
4888:
4885:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4835:
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4802:
4798:
4795:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4655:
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4648:
4645:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4595:
4592:
4588:
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4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3891:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3865:Palace of Nestor
3862:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3697:(in later Greek
3608:
3605:
3601:Sir Arthur Evans
3570:
3567:
3517:
3514:
3482:
3473:
3439:Burial practices
3366:Psi and Phi type
3333:are also known.
3307:
3301:
3256:Silver repoussé
3237:
3234:
3208:carved gemstones
3142:
3139:
3057:
3054:
2814:
2800:The ring in the
2797:
2353:
2350:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2283:
2277:
2259:
2250:, '"governor"),
2249:
2228:
2218:
2212:
2181:
2172:
2110:Greek literature
2098:
2095:
2027:
2024:
1979:
1976:
1912:
1909:
1876:
1864:
1861:
1823:historical basis
1769:
1766:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1725:The presence of
1654:
1651:
1628:
1625:
1613:
1589:
1586:
1562:
1547:, the palace of
1546:
1543:
1437:
1434:
1339:
1336:
1320:mythical dynasty
1317:
1302:
1299:
1284:
1281:
1262:
1259:
1160:Achaeans (Homer)
1113:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1002:
999:
996:
992:
989:
985:
982:
978:
975:
968:
965:
961:
958:
954:
951:
944:
941:
937:
934:
922:
919:
915:
912:
860:, including the
854:Greek literature
817:economic systems
809:Olympic pantheon
674:Mycenaean Greece
663:
656:
649:
635:
634:
633:
573:History by topic
559:
550:
541:
532:
514:
505:
496:
487:
478:
469:
460:
436:
427:
418:
394:
386:Byzantine Greece
365:
356:
347:
345:Classical Greece
338:
330:(1100 BC–750 BC)
329:
306:
305: 1750–1050
303:
299:
290:
289: 3100–1100
287:
283:
274:
273: 3100–1000
271:
267:
252:Greek Bronze Age
232:Neolithic Greece
224:
214:
196:
195:
95:
91:
88:
42:
35:
33:Mycenaean Greece
31:
21:
23165:
23164:
23160:
23159:
23158:
23156:
23155:
23154:
23135:Historical eras
23120:
23119:
23118:
23113:
23103:
23099:Khojaly–Gadabay
23069:Shulaveri-Shomu
23045:
23044:(North Caucasus
23043:
23042:
23034:
23015:Únětice culture
23010:Tumulus culture
22925:Karasuk culture
22910:Helladic period
22900:Argaric culture
22895:Glazkov culture
22791:
22781:
22776:
22746:
22737:
22733:
22728:
22618:
22603:
22599:
22590:
22533:
22527:
22475:
22474:Institutes and
22469:
22424:Viking replicas
22365:Balangay Voyage
22278:
22272:
22256:
22011:
22004:
21880:
21870:
21829:
21777:
21762:
21758:
21753:
21710:
21695:
21691:
21686:
21582:
21564:
21560:
21551:
21502:
21459:
21312:
21272:
21217:
21210:
21011:
20964:
20947:
20943:
20934:
20810:Mueang Phra Rot
20664:
20655:
20564:
20549:
20545:
20536:
20490:
20464:Triangular sail
20425:
20362:
20336:Sail components
20247:
20216:
20190:Tessarakonteres
20045:
20032:
20027:
19997:
19992:
19956:
19906:
19884:Modern Olympics
19835:
19569:
19209:
19166:
19066:Mycenaean Greek
18956:
18600:
18543:
18519:Souliotic songs
18500:Public holidays
18331:
18327:Life expectancy
18288:Muslim minority
18269:names of Greece
18242:
18227:
18164:Merchant Marine
18135:Public pensions
18017:
17996:
17963:
17913:Hellenocentrism
17863:
17784:
17721:
17658:
17607:
17585:Judicial system
17579:
17555:Nationality law
17541:
17505:
17500:Maximos Mansion
17459:
17396:
17375:
17371:Protected areas
17313:
17248:
17171:
16806:Saronic Islands
16752:
16708:
16687:
16567:Ancient regions
16555:
16546:Democratization
16521:Second Republic
16506:National Schism
16443:
16438:
16432:
16356:
16348:
16275:Greek Dark Ages
16266:
16258:
16244:Helladic period
16210:
16198:
16185:
16167:
16161:
16131:
16126:
16084:
16039:
16016:
15879:
15873:
15756:
15747:
15739:
15710:Melaina Korkyra
15666:
15588:
15545:
15498:Aeolian Islands
15488:
15350:
15208:
15189:
15188:
15162:
15119:
15030:
14972:
14923:
14877:
14828:
14750:
14741:Wedding customs
14623:
14622:
14591:
14582:Thracian Greeks
14565:
14556:Olympic victors
14534:
14376:
14263:
14207:
14198:Kings of Sparta
14183:Kings of Pontus
14153:Kings of Athens
14129:
14116:
14095:
13991:Army of Macedon
13951:
13928:
13900:
13857:
13805:
13778:(370–c. 230 BC)
13776:Arcadian League
13760:(c. 400–188 BC)
13758:Aetolian League
13752:Boeotian League
13734:Hellenic League
13721:
13708:
13698:(c. 650–404 BC)
13689:
13683:Italiote League
13676:
13672:
13666:Doric Hexapolis
13656:
13647:
13643:Seleucid Empire
13586:
13479:
13478:
13442:
13349:
13325:Greek Dark Ages
13294:
13293:
13270:
13257:
13252:
13214:
13212:
13193:
13191:
13182:
13164:
13162:
13122:
13117:
13075:Climatic Change
13045:
13024:
12992:
12961:
12939:
12908:
12897:
12830:
12809:
12779:
12708:
12687:
12663:
12625:
12604:
12582:
12561:
12542:
12540:Further reading
12537:
12515:
12470:Wikander, Örjan
12462:
12441:
12418:
12397:
12375:
12360:
12280:
12259:
12238:
12165:
12069:
12043:
12041:
12025:
12004:
11983:
11936:
11915:
11891:
11889:
11877:
11866:
11785:
11755:
11732:
11682:
11416:
11395:
11364:
11340:
11338:
11322:
11301:
11280:
11236:
11213:
11192:
11170:
11154:Fox, Robin Lane
11145:
11124:
11071:
11069:
11054:
10942:
10912:
10882:
10881:
10877:
10847:
10846:
10842:
10821:
10780:
10756:
10694:(1–2): 101–153.
10676:
10655:
10572:
10548:(3/4): 157–271.
10538:Baumbach, Lydia
10529:
10508:
10487:
10464:
10443:
10409:
10398:
10379:
10358:
10337:
10304:Women's Studies
10295:
10216:
10197:
10192:
10191:
10183:
10177:
10172:
10168:
10160:
10155:
10151:
10144:
10139:
10135:
10128:
10124:
10120:
10115:
10111:
10104:
10100:
10085:
10081:
10073:
10068:
10057:
10051:Lazaridis 2022a
10049:
10045:
10038:
10031:
10026:Lazaridis 2022a
10024:
10017:
10010:
10006:
9996:
9994:
9984:
9980:
9970:
9968:
9958:
9954:
9944:
9942:
9934:
9933:
9929:
9922:
9915:
9872:
9868:
9833:
9829:
9806:
9799:
9788:
9784:
9773:
9769:
9761:
9757:
9749:
9742:
9729:
9727:
9717:
9713:
9705:
9701:
9693:
9689:
9681:
9677:
9669:
9665:
9657:
9648:
9641:
9623:
9619:
9609:
9607:
9598:
9597:
9593:
9583:
9581:
9572:
9571:
9567:
9557:
9555:
9546:
9545:
9536:
9526:
9524:
9514:
9510:
9502:
9493:
9485:
9481:
9473:
9469:
9461:
9457:
9449:
9445:
9433:
9429:
9421:
9417:
9409:
9405:
9397:
9393:
9385:
9381:
9369:
9365:
9357:
9353:
9341:
9337:
9325:
9321:
9314:
9310:
9303:
9299:
9291:
9287:
9278:
9274:
9266:
9262:
9254:
9250:
9242:
9238:
9230:
9226:
9214:
9210:
9202:
9191:
9183:
9179:
9142:
9138:
9130:
9126:
9118:, p. 312;
9114:
9110:
9102:
9098:
9090:
9086:
9078:
9074:
9066:
9062:
9054:
9050:
9042:
9038:
9030:
9026:
9018:, p. 306;
9014:
9010:
9002:
8995:
8987:
8983:
8975:
8971:
8963:
8959:
8951:
8942:
8934:
8930:
8922:, p. 288;
8918:
8914:
8906:
8902:
8894:
8890:
8882:
8878:
8870:
8866:
8858:
8849:
8841:
8837:
8829:
8818:
8810:
8806:
8798:
8794:
8786:
8782:
8774:
8770:
8762:
8758:
8750:
8733:
8723:
8721:
8714:
8710:
8702:
8698:
8690:
8681:
8673:
8669:
8661:
8654:
8646:
8639:
8623:
8619:
8611:
8607:
8599:
8595:
8587:
8580:
8572:
8568:
8560:
8556:
8548:
8544:
8536:
8529:
8520:
8516:
8512:, p. 176f.
8508:
8504:
8496:
8492:
8484:
8480:
8472:
8468:
8460:
8451:
8427:
8423:
8415:
8411:
8403:
8394:
8384:
8382:
8375:
8371:
8363:
8359:
8351:
8347:
8339:
8335:
8327:
8323:
8315:
8311:
8303:
8296:
8286:
8284:
8279:. Independent.
8271:
8267:
8257:
8255:
8250:
8249:
8245:
8235:
8233:
8228:
8227:
8223:
8215:
8211:
8199:
8195:
8185:
8183:
8174:
8173:
8169:
8161:
8157:
8143:de la Cruz 1988
8141:
8137:
8105:
8101:
8081:
8077:
8069:
8065:
8057:
8053:
8045:
8041:
8021:
8017:
8009:
8005:
7997:
7993:
7985:
7981:
7973:
7969:
7961:
7952:
7944:
7940:
7932:
7922:
7918:
7910:
7901:
7893:
7889:
7881:
7877:
7869:
7865:
7857:
7853:
7845:
7838:
7830:
7826:
7818:
7809:
7801:
7797:
7792:Perseus Project
7768:
7764:
7758:Perseus Project
7734:
7730:
7718:
7714:
7706:
7702:
7694:
7687:
7679:
7666:
7658:
7654:
7646:
7642:
7634:
7630:
7626:, pp. 8–9.
7622:
7618:
7610:
7606:
7598:
7591:
7583:
7579:
7571:
7567:
7559:
7552:
7544:
7540:
7532:
7528:
7520:
7516:
7501:
7497:
7482:
7478:
7470:
7463:
7455:
7451:
7446:
7442:
7398:
7394:
7386:
7382:
7374:
7370:
7362:
7358:
7350:
7333:
7325:
7318:
7310:
7303:
7296:
7282:
7278:
7270:
7263:
7255:
7251:
7243:
7239:
7231:
7224:
7216:
7212:
7200:
7196:
7188:
7184:
7176:
7172:
7164:
7160:
7148:
7144:
7136:
7132:
7124:
7115:
7103:
7099:
7091:
7087:
7079:
7072:
7064:
7060:
7052:
7045:
7037:
7033:
7025:
7021:
7013:
7004:
6996:
6992:
6984:
6975:
6967:
6963:
6951:
6947:
6940:
6926:
6922:
6914:
6910:
6902:
6898:
6886:
6882:
6874:
6870:
6862:
6858:
6850:
6846:
6838:
6827:
6819:
6815:
6803:
6796:
6788:
6784:
6776:
6772:
6764:
6760:
6752:
6748:
6740:
6736:
6728:
6724:
6716:
6712:
6704:
6697:
6685:
6681:
6673:
6666:
6662:, pp. 1–2.
6658:
6654:
6646:
6642:
6634:
6627:
6619:
6615:
6607:
6603:
6595:
6591:
6583:
6579:
6570:
6569:
6565:
6555:Moses I. Finley
6552:
6548:
6540:
6536:
6524:
6520:
6504:
6500:
6492:
6488:
6480:
6473:
6461:
6457:
6441:
6437:
6427:
6425:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6404:
6389:
6381:
6376:
6359:
6351:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6287:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6272:
6267:
6263:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6209:
6206:
6202:
6179:
6176:
6172:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6119:
6116:
6112:
6089:
6086:
6082:
6059:
6056:
6052:
6029:
6026:
6022:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5969:
5966:
5962:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5849:
5846:
5842:
5819:
5816:
5812:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5699:
5696:
5692:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5639:
5636:
5632:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5339:
5336:
5332:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5129:
5126:
5122:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5069:
5066:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5013:
5010:
5006:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4773:
4770:
4766:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4473:
4470:
4447:
4444:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3923:
3920:
3887:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3763:
3711:
3624:Greek Dark Ages
3620:
3611:Michael Ventris
3606:
3581:syllabic script
3568:
3554:
3548:
3524:
3515:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3475:
3474:
3441:
3429:Minoan painting
3417:
3362:Mycenaean Greek
3348:anthropomorphic
3339:
3281:, large bowls,
3250:
3244:
3235:
3220:charm bracelets
3180:
3172:Minoan religion
3154:
3152:Art and pottery
3145:hoplite panoply
3140:
3081:
3075:
3055:
3049:
2946:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2847:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:Late Bronze Age
2815:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2770:
2765:
2729:mistress Athena
2666:(assuming that
2638:E-ne-si-da-o-ne
2580:
2570:
2554:Anthropologists
2513:Aeolian Islands
2425:
2381:
2361:
2351:
2322:
2272:(cf. γερουσία,
2223:is usually the
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2154:
2106:
2104:Palatial states
2096:
2086:
2078:Greek Dark Ages
2070:natural factors
2037:Dorian invasion
2025:
2011:
2009:Dorian invasion
2001:
1977:
1923:
1910:
1862:
1848:
1843:
1767:
1740:
1733:
1723:
1715:Mycenaean Greek
1652:
1626:
1587:
1544:
1530:
1435:
1410:Minoan language
1406:Bernard Sergent
1393:Eurasian steppe
1373:
1368:
1337:
1300:
1282:
1260:
1209:the populations
1162:
1152:
1143:1100–1070/1040
1135:1170/1160–1100
1108:
1062:
1032:Late Helladic I
1008:
997:
990:
983:
976:
966:
959:
952:
942:
935:
920:
913:
899:Helladic period
895:mainland Greece
876:
874:Helladic period
870:
846:Dorian invasion
834:Greek Dark Ages
793:syllabic script
667:
631:
629:
624:
623:
574:
566:
565:
562:
553:
544:
535:
521:Axis occupation
517:
508:
499:
494:National Schism
490:
481:
472:
463:
453:
443:
442:
439:
430:
421:
411:
401:
400:
397:
388:
381:
379:Medieval Greece
371:
370:
366:(146 BC–330 AD)
359:
350:
348:(500 BC–323 BC)
341:
339:(800 BC–480 BC)
332:
327:Greek Dark Ages
322:
312:
311:
304:
293:
288:
277:
272:
261:
254:
244:
243:
234:
212:
205:
189:Greek Dark Ages
175:Korakou culture
138:Characteristics
93:
89:
59:Mainland Greece
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
23163:
23153:
23152:
23147:
23142:
23137:
23132:
23115:
23114:
23108:
23105:
23104:
23102:
23101:
23096:
23091:
23086:
23084:Maykop culture
23081:
23076:
23071:
23066:
23061:
23056:
23050:
23048:
23036:
23035:
23033:
23032:
23027:
23025:Wessex culture
23022:
23017:
23012:
23007:
23002:
22997:
22992:
22987:
22982:
22977:
22972:
22967:
22962:
22960:Okunev culture
22957:
22952:
22947:
22942:
22937:
22932:
22927:
22922:
22917:
22912:
22907:
22902:
22897:
22892:
22887:
22882:
22877:
22872:
22867:
22862:
22857:
22852:
22847:
22842:
22837:
22832:
22827:
22822:
22817:
22812:
22807:
22801:
22799:
22793:
22792:
22786:
22783:
22782:
22775:
22774:
22767:
22760:
22752:
22743:
22742:
22739:
22738:
22731:
22729:
22727:
22726:
22719:
22718:
22717:
22710:
22703:
22696:
22688:
22681:
22674:
22666:
22656:
22655:
22654:
22653:
22652:
22647:
22642:
22632:
22623:
22620:
22619:
22609:
22608:
22605:
22604:
22597:
22595:
22592:
22591:
22589:
22588:
22587:
22586:
22581:
22573:
22568:
22563:
22558:
22553:
22548:
22543:
22537:
22535:
22529:
22528:
22526:
22525:
22520:
22515:
22510:
22505:
22500:
22495:
22490:
22485:
22479:
22477:
22471:
22470:
22468:
22467:
22466:
22465:
22460:
22455:
22450:
22443:
22435:
22434:
22433:
22421:
22420:
22419:
22414:
22407:
22399:Mediterranean
22397:
22396:
22395:
22388:
22381:
22374:
22367:
22362:
22355:
22352:Alingano Maisu
22348:
22341:
22334:
22327:
22320:
22308:
22307:
22306:
22295:
22282:
22280:
22274:
22273:
22271:
22270:
22264:
22262:
22258:
22257:
22255:
22254:
22253:
22252:
22247:
22242:
22234:
22233:
22232:
22227:
22222:
22217:
22210:
22203:
22201:De Meern ships
22198:
22193:
22188:
22183:
22173:
22172:
22171:
22163:
22162:
22161:
22156:
22148:
22147:
22146:
22139:
22132:
22127:
22119:
22114:
22113:
22112:
22102:
22101:
22100:
22095:
22085:
22084:
22083:
22078:
22073:
22071:Cape Gelidonya
22068:
22063:
22058:
22053:
22048:
22043:
22038:
22033:
22028:
22016:
22014:
22006:
22005:
22003:
22002:
21997:
21992:
21987:
21982:
21977:
21972:
21967:
21962:
21957:
21952:
21947:
21946:
21945:
21940:
21935:
21927:
21922:
21917:
21912:
21907:
21906:
21905:
21895:
21890:
21884:
21882:
21876:
21875:
21872:
21871:
21869:
21868:
21863:
21858:
21853:
21848:
21843:
21837:
21835:
21834:Archaeologists
21831:
21830:
21828:
21827:
21822:
21817:
21812:
21807:
21802:
21800:David Blackman
21796:
21794:
21787:
21779:
21778:
21768:
21767:
21764:
21763:
21756:
21754:
21752:
21751:
21746:
21741:
21739:Jewish pirates
21736:
21731:
21726:
21721:
21715:
21712:
21711:
21701:
21700:
21697:
21696:
21689:
21687:
21685:
21684:
21683:
21682:
21672:
21671:
21670:
21660:
21655:
21650:
21643:
21638:
21633:
21628:
21623:
21618:
21613:
21608:
21603:
21598:
21593:
21587:
21584:
21583:
21570:
21569:
21566:
21565:
21558:
21556:
21553:
21552:
21550:
21549:
21548:
21547:
21537:
21532:
21527:
21526:
21525:
21514:
21512:
21508:
21507:
21504:
21503:
21501:
21500:
21495:
21490:
21485:
21480:
21475:
21470:
21464:
21461:
21460:
21458:
21457:
21452:
21447:
21442:
21437:
21432:
21427:
21425:Lake Trasimene
21422:
21417:
21412:
21407:
21402:
21397:
21392:
21387:
21382:
21377:
21372:
21367:
21362:
21357:
21352:
21347:
21342:
21337:
21332:
21326:Mediterranean:
21322:
21320:
21314:
21313:
21311:
21310:
21305:
21300:
21295:
21289:
21287:
21278:
21274:
21273:
21271:
21270:
21265:
21260:
21255:
21254:
21253:
21248:
21238:
21233:
21228:
21222:
21220:
21212:
21211:
21209:
21208:
21203:
21198:
21193:
21188:
21187:
21186:
21181:
21171:
21166:
21161:
21156:
21151:
21146:
21141:
21136:
21135:
21134:
21129:
21124:
21114:
21109:
21104:
21103:
21102:
21097:
21092:
21087:
21082:
21077:
21072:
21067:
21062:
21057:
21052:
21047:
21042:
21032:
21031:
21030:
21019:
21017:
21013:
21012:
21010:
21009:
21004:
21003:
21002:
20997:
20987:
20982:
20976:
20974:
20966:
20965:
20953:
20952:
20949:
20948:
20941:
20939:
20936:
20935:
20933:
20932:
20927:
20922:
20917:
20912:
20907:
20902:
20897:
20892:
20887:
20882:
20877:
20872:
20867:
20862:
20857:
20852:
20847:
20842:
20837:
20832:
20822:
20817:
20812:
20807:
20802:
20797:
20792:
20787:
20782:
20777:
20772:
20766:
20761:
20756:
20751:
20745:
20740:
20735:
20730:
20725:
20720:
20715:
20710:
20705:
20700:
20695:
20690:
20684:
20679:
20674:
20668:
20666:
20657:
20656:
20654:
20653:
20652:
20651:
20646:
20641:
20633:
20632:
20631:
20629:Maritime pilot
20626:
20616:
20611:
20610:
20609:
20599:
20594:
20592:Portolan chart
20589:
20584:
20578:
20576:
20566:
20565:
20555:
20554:
20551:
20550:
20543:
20541:
20538:
20537:
20535:
20534:
20529:
20524:
20519:
20514:
20509:
20504:
20498:
20496:
20492:
20491:
20489:
20488:
20483:
20478:
20473:
20468:
20467:
20466:
20461:
20456:
20451:
20441:
20435:
20433:
20427:
20426:
20424:
20423:
20422:
20421:
20413:
20408:
20403:
20398:
20393:
20388:
20383:
20378:
20372:
20370:
20364:
20363:
20361:
20360:
20355:
20350:
20345:
20340:
20339:
20338:
20328:
20323:
20318:
20313:
20308:
20303:
20298:
20293:
20292:
20291:
20281:
20276:
20271:
20266:
20261:
20255:
20253:
20249:
20248:
20246:
20245:
20240:
20235:
20230:
20224:
20222:
20218:
20217:
20215:
20214:
20209:
20204:
20199:
20194:
20193:
20192:
20187:
20182:
20177:
20172:
20167:
20165:Oared warships
20162:
20154:
20153:
20152:
20147:
20142:
20132:
20127:
20122:
20117:
20112:
20107:
20102:
20101:
20100:
20090:
20085:
20080:
20075:
20070:
20065:
20059:
20057:
20047:
20046:
20034:
20033:
20026:
20025:
20018:
20011:
20003:
19994:
19993:
19991:
19990:
19980:
19969:
19966:
19965:
19962:
19961:
19958:
19957:
19955:
19954:
19949:
19944:
19939:
19934:
19925:
19920:
19914:
19912:
19908:
19907:
19905:
19904:
19899:
19881:
19876:
19871:
19866:
19861:
19856:
19851:
19845:
19843:
19837:
19836:
19834:
19833:
19831:Wayside shrine
19828:
19823:
19818:
19813:
19808:
19803:
19798:
19793:
19731:
19726:
19721:
19716:
19714:Kallikantzaros
19711:
19701:
19696:
19691:
19686:
19681:
19663:
19658:
19653:
19615:
19610:
19605:
19600:
19595:
19592:Modern Revival
19580:
19578:
19571:
19570:
19568:
19567:
19557:
19552:
19457:Byzantine lyra
19438:
19428:
19423:
19418:
19376:
19371:
19336:Rougatsiarikos
19225:
19219:
19217:
19211:
19210:
19208:
19207:
19202:
19197:
19192:
19187:
19182:
19176:
19174:
19168:
19167:
19165:
19164:
19162:Words for love
19159:
19154:
19145:
19103:
19085:
19078:Medieval Greek
19059:
19054:
19007:Greek language
19004:
18970:Greek alphabet
18966:
18964:
18958:
18957:
18955:
18954:
18880:
18861:
18856:
18837:
18819:
18804:
18799:
18789:
18774:Galaktoboureko
18759:
18717:
18678:
18676:List of dishes
18673:
18634:
18610:
18608:
18602:
18601:
18599:
18598:
18593:
18583:
18573:
18564:
18553:
18551:
18545:
18544:
18542:
18541:
18536:
18531:
18526:
18521:
18516:
18514:Rouketopolemos
18511:
18497:
18492:
18490:Plate smashing
18487:
18478:
18473:
18471:Naming customs
18468:
18463:
18458:
18443:
18438:
18433:
18428:
18423:
18418:
18413:
18408:
18362:
18357:
18352:
18347:
18341:
18339:
18333:
18332:
18330:
18329:
18324:
18319:
18281:
18276:
18262:
18256:
18254:
18244:
18243:
18233:
18232:
18229:
18228:
18226:
18225:
18220:
18205:Transportation
18202:
18197:
18192:
18187:
18182:
18177:
18172:
18167:
18157:
18152:
18147:
18137:
18132:
18127:
18122:
18117:
18112:
18107:
18102:
18088:
18083:
18073:
18070:electric power
18063:
18058:
18053:
18043:
18033:
18028:
18022:
18019:
18018:
18006:
18005:
18002:
18001:
17998:
17997:
17995:
17994:
17989:
17987:Regional units
17984:
17979:
17973:
17971:
17965:
17964:
17962:
17961:
17956:
17942:
17924:
17906:
17892:
17882:
17871:
17869:
17865:
17864:
17862:
17861:
17856:
17851:
17846:
17841:
17836:
17831:
17813:
17803:
17798:
17792:
17790:
17786:
17785:
17783:
17782:
17777:
17775:National Guard
17772:
17762:
17757:
17755:Military ranks
17752:
17747:
17742:
17737:
17731:
17729:
17723:
17722:
17720:
17719:
17717:United Nations
17714:
17709:
17704:
17699:
17689:
17687:European Union
17684:
17679:
17677:Cyprus dispute
17674:
17672:Aegean dispute
17668:
17666:
17660:
17659:
17657:
17656:
17651:
17646:
17641:
17631:
17626:
17621:
17615:
17613:
17609:
17608:
17606:
17605:
17600:
17598:Court of Audit
17595:
17589:
17587:
17581:
17580:
17578:
17577:
17572:
17570:Pasokification
17567:
17562:
17557:
17551:
17549:
17543:
17542:
17540:
17539:
17534:
17529:
17519:
17513:
17511:
17507:
17506:
17504:
17503:
17496:Prime Minister
17493:
17483:
17473:
17467:
17465:
17461:
17460:
17458:
17457:
17452:
17426:
17410:
17408:
17398:
17397:
17385:
17384:
17381:
17380:
17377:
17376:
17374:
17373:
17368:
17366:National Parks
17363:
17354:
17349:
17344:
17339:
17329:
17323:
17321:
17315:
17314:
17312:
17311:
17306:
17301:
17279:
17274:
17269:
17264:
17258:
17256:
17250:
17249:
17247:
17246:
17241:
17236:
17231:
17213:
17195:
17190:
17185:
17179:
17177:
17173:
17172:
17170:
17169:
17151:
17125:
17091:
17065:
17003:
16972:Ionian Islands
16969:
16947:
16881:
16831:
16809:
16766:Central Greece
16762:
16760:
16754:
16753:
16751:
16750:
16745:
16743:Extreme points
16740:
16726:
16720:
16718:
16710:
16709:
16697:
16696:
16693:
16692:
16689:
16688:
16686:
16685:
16680:
16675:
16670:
16656:
16651:
16646:
16641:
16632:
16627:
16622:
16617:
16612:
16607:
16597:
16592:
16587:
16582:
16580:Ottoman Greeks
16573:
16563:
16561:
16557:
16556:
16554:
16553:
16551:Third Republic
16548:
16543:
16541:Military junta
16538:
16533:
16528:
16523:
16518:
16513:
16508:
16503:
16498:
16493:
16488:
16486:First Republic
16483:
16478:
16473:
16468:
16466:Ottoman Greece
16463:
16448:
16446:
16434:
16433:
16431:
16430:
16425:
16412:
16407:
16405:Fourth Crusade
16402:
16397:
16392:
16387:
16382:
16377:
16372:
16367:
16361:
16359:
16350:
16349:
16347:
16346:
16341:
16336:
16331:
16326:
16321:
16316:
16311:
16306:
16297:
16292:
16287:
16285:Archaic period
16282:
16277:
16271:
16269:
16260:
16259:
16257:
16256:
16251:
16246:
16241:
16236:
16231:
16226:
16221:
16215:
16213:
16200:
16199:
16187:
16186:
16184:
16183:
16178:
16172:
16169:
16168:
16160:
16159:
16152:
16145:
16137:
16128:
16127:
16125:
16124:
16114:
16104:
16093:
16090:
16089:
16086:
16085:
16083:
16082:
16077:
16072:
16067:
16062:
16057:
16056:
16055:
16044:
16041:
16040:
16030:
16029:
16026:
16025:
16022:
16021:
16018:
16017:
16015:
16014:
16009:
16004:
15999:
15994:
15989:
15984:
15979:
15974:
15969:
15964:
15959:
15954:
15949:
15944:
15939:
15934:
15929:
15924:
15919:
15914:
15909:
15904:
15899:
15894:
15889:
15883:
15881:
15875:
15874:
15872:
15871:
15866:
15861:
15856:
15851:
15846:
15841:
15836:
15831:
15826:
15821:
15816:
15811:
15806:
15801:
15796:
15791:
15786:
15781:
15776:
15771:
15766:
15760:
15758:
15749:
15741:
15740:
15738:
15737:
15732:
15727:
15722:
15717:
15712:
15707:
15702:
15697:
15692:
15687:
15682:
15676:
15674:
15668:
15667:
15665:
15664:
15659:
15654:
15649:
15644:
15639:
15634:
15629:
15624:
15619:
15614:
15609:
15604:
15598:
15596:
15590:
15589:
15587:
15586:
15581:
15571:
15566:
15561:
15555:
15553:
15547:
15546:
15544:
15543:
15538:
15533:
15528:
15523:
15518:
15513:
15508:
15502:
15500:
15494:
15493:
15490:
15489:
15487:
15486:
15481:
15476:
15471:
15466:
15461:
15456:
15451:
15446:
15444:Megara Hyblaea
15441:
15436:
15431:
15426:
15424:Hybla Gereatis
15421:
15416:
15414:Heraclea Minoa
15411:
15406:
15401:
15396:
15391:
15386:
15381:
15376:
15371:
15366:
15360:
15358:
15352:
15351:
15349:
15348:
15343:
15338:
15333:
15328:
15323:
15318:
15313:
15308:
15303:
15298:
15293:
15288:
15283:
15278:
15273:
15268:
15263:
15258:
15253:
15248:
15243:
15238:
15233:
15228:
15223:
15218:
15212:
15210:
15201:
15191:
15190:
15187:
15186:
15180:
15172:
15171:
15168:
15167:
15164:
15163:
15161:
15160:
15158:Attic numerals
15155:
15153:Greek numerals
15150:
15148:Greek alphabet
15145:
15140:
15135:
15129:
15127:
15121:
15120:
15118:
15117:
15112:
15111:
15110:
15105:
15100:
15095:
15090:
15085:
15080:
15075:
15070:
15060:
15055:
15050:
15044:
15042:
15036:
15035:
15032:
15031:
15029:
15028:
15023:
15018:
15013:
15008:
15003:
14998:
14993:
14988:
14982:
14980:
14974:
14973:
14971:
14970:
14965:
14960:
14955:
14950:
14945:
14939:
14933:
14929:
14928:
14925:
14924:
14922:
14921:
14916:
14911:
14906:
14901:
14896:
14891:
14885:
14883:
14879:
14878:
14876:
14875:
14870:
14865:
14860:
14859:
14858:
14848:
14842:
14836:
14830:
14829:
14827:
14826:
14821:
14816:
14811:
14806:
14805:
14804:
14802:Musical system
14794:
14789:
14784:
14779:
14774:
14773:
14772:
14761:
14759:
14752:
14751:
14749:
14748:
14743:
14738:
14733:
14728:
14723:
14718:
14713:
14708:
14703:
14698:
14693:
14688:
14683:
14678:
14673:
14668:
14663:
14658:
14653:
14648:
14643:
14637:
14635:
14625:
14624:
14621:
14620:
14615:
14609:
14601:
14600:
14597:
14596:
14593:
14592:
14590:
14589:
14584:
14579:
14573:
14571:
14567:
14566:
14564:
14563:
14558:
14553:
14548:
14542:
14540:
14536:
14535:
14533:
14532:
14527:
14522:
14517:
14512:
14507:
14502:
14497:
14492:
14487:
14482:
14477:
14472:
14467:
14462:
14457:
14452:
14447:
14442:
14437:
14432:
14427:
14422:
14417:
14412:
14407:
14402:
14397:
14392:
14386:
14384:
14378:
14377:
14375:
14374:
14369:
14364:
14359:
14354:
14349:
14344:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14319:
14314:
14309:
14304:
14299:
14294:
14289:
14284:
14279:
14273:
14271:
14265:
14264:
14262:
14261:
14256:
14251:
14246:
14241:
14236:
14234:Mathematicians
14231:
14226:
14221:
14215:
14213:
14209:
14208:
14206:
14205:
14200:
14195:
14190:
14185:
14180:
14175:
14170:
14165:
14160:
14155:
14150:
14145:
14143:Kings of Argos
14139:
14137:
14131:
14130:
14118:
14117:
14105:
14104:
14101:
14100:
14097:
14096:
14094:
14093:
14088:
14083:
14078:
14073:
14068:
14063:
14058:
14053:
14048:
14043:
14038:
14033:
14028:
14023:
14018:
14013:
14008:
14003:
14001:Cretan archers
13998:
13993:
13988:
13983:
13982:
13981:
13971:
13965:
13963:
13957:
13956:
13953:
13952:
13950:
13949:
13944:
13938:
13936:
13930:
13929:
13927:
13926:
13921:
13916:
13910:
13908:
13902:
13901:
13899:
13898:
13893:
13888:
13883:
13878:
13873:
13867:
13865:
13859:
13858:
13856:
13855:
13850:
13845:
13840:
13835:
13830:
13825:
13819:
13813:
13807:
13806:
13804:
13803:
13800:Achaean League
13797:
13794:Euboean League
13791:
13785:
13782:Epirote League
13779:
13773:
13767:
13761:
13755:
13749:
13743:
13737:
13731:
13730:(c. 500–31 BC)
13725:
13712:
13699:
13693:
13680:
13662:
13660:
13658:Confederations
13649:
13648:
13646:
13645:
13640:
13635:
13630:
13625:
13620:
13615:
13610:
13605:
13600:
13594:
13592:
13588:
13587:
13585:
13584:
13582:Lissus (Crete)
13579:
13574:
13569:
13564:
13559:
13554:
13549:
13544:
13539:
13534:
13529:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13493:
13491:
13481:
13480:
13477:
13476:
13471:
13466:
13460:
13452:
13451:
13448:
13447:
13444:
13443:
13441:
13440:
13435:
13430:
13425:
13420:
13415:
13410:
13405:
13400:
13395:
13390:
13385:
13380:
13375:
13370:
13365:
13359:
13357:
13351:
13350:
13348:
13347:
13342:
13337:
13332:
13330:Archaic Greece
13327:
13322:
13317:
13312:
13306:
13304:
13296:
13295:
13292:
13291:
13286:
13280:
13272:
13271:
13269:
13268:
13262:
13259:
13258:
13255:Ancient Greece
13251:
13250:
13243:
13236:
13228:
13222:
13221:
13200:
13180:
13171:
13150:
13141:
13132:
13121:
13120:External links
13118:
13116:
13115:
13081:(2): 173–198.
13070:
13049:
13043:
13028:
13022:
13012:The Mycenaeans
13005:
12996:
12990:
12976:
12965:
12959:
12944:
12901:
12895:
12880:
12860:10.2307/504929
12854:(2): 138–141.
12843:
12834:
12828:
12813:
12807:
12792:
12783:
12777:
12762:
12749:
12729:10.2307/504928
12723:(2): 133–138.
12712:
12706:
12691:
12685:
12667:
12661:
12646:
12629:
12623:
12608:
12602:
12586:
12580:
12565:
12559:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12535:
12525:
12519:
12513:
12490:
12480:(1): 285–290.
12466:
12460:
12445:
12439:
12422:
12416:
12401:
12395:
12380:
12353:
12342:
12313:
12295:(170): 91–97.
12284:
12278:
12263:
12257:
12242:
12236:
12221:
12210:
12184:(4): 583–605.
12169:
12163:
12154:The Mycenaeans
12148:
12136:10.2307/506802
12130:(1): 133–134.
12117:
12091:(4): 669–681.
12073:
12067:
12050:
12029:
12023:
12008:
12002:
11987:
11981:
11962:
11957:Tell el-Amarna
11951:
11940:
11934:
11919:
11913:
11898:
11870:
11864:
11849:
11831:(2): 107–138.
11820:
11811:
11800:
11789:
11783:
11768:
11759:
11753:
11736:
11730:
11715:
11697:(3): 297–305.
11686:
11680:
11665:
11621:(2): 290–303.
11604:
11543:
11490:
11420:
11414:
11399:
11393:
11368:
11362:
11347:
11337:. Bethesda, MD
11326:
11320:
11305:
11299:
11284:
11278:
11261:
11251:(3): 277–296.
11240:
11234:
11217:
11211:
11196:
11190:
11178:Hood, Sinclair
11174:
11168:
11149:
11143:
11128:
11122:
11107:
11078:
11058:
11052:
11039:
11019:10.2307/505489
11013:(3): 403–440.
11002:
10991:
10946:
10940:
10925:
10916:
10910:
10895:
10875:
10860:
10840:
10825:
10819:
10804:
10784:
10778:
10760:
10754:
10739:
10718:
10709:
10696:
10680:
10674:
10659:
10653:
10638:
10629:
10576:
10570:
10554:Chadwick, John
10550:
10533:
10527:
10512:
10506:
10497:The Mycenaeans
10491:
10485:
10468:
10462:
10447:
10441:
10426:
10402:
10396:
10383:
10377:
10362:
10356:
10341:
10335:
10320:
10299:
10293:
10278:
10252:(4): 586–597.
10237:
10220:
10214:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10190:
10189:
10166:
10149:
10133:
10109:
10098:
10079:
10055:
10043:
10029:
10015:
10004:
9978:
9952:
9927:
9913:
9886:(3): 237–257.
9866:
9847:(3): 195–204.
9827:
9797:
9782:
9767:
9765:, p. 230.
9763:Castleden 2005
9755:
9751:Castleden 2005
9740:
9711:
9709:, p. 228.
9707:Castleden 2005
9699:
9697:, p. 235.
9695:Castleden 2005
9687:
9675:
9663:
9659:Castleden 2005
9646:
9639:
9633:. p. 43.
9617:
9591:
9565:
9534:
9508:
9491:
9479:
9467:
9463:Castleden 2005
9455:
9443:
9435:Dickinson 1977
9427:
9415:
9411:Dickinson 1977
9403:
9391:
9379:
9363:
9351:
9335:
9331:Immerwahr 1990
9319:
9308:
9297:
9285:
9272:
9260:
9258:, p. 107.
9256:Schofield 2006
9248:
9244:Castleden 2005
9236:
9224:
9216:Castleden 2005
9208:
9206:, p. 135.
9204:Castleden 2005
9189:
9177:
9136:
9124:
9122:, p. 123.
9120:Schofield 2006
9108:
9096:
9084:
9072:
9060:
9058:, p. 119.
9056:Schofield 2006
9048:
9036:
9024:
9016:Schofield 2006
9008:
8993:
8981:
8969:
8957:
8955:, p. 313.
8940:
8938:, p. 305.
8928:
8926:, p. 134.
8912:
8900:
8898:, p. 127.
8888:
8876:
8864:
8847:
8843:Schofield 2006
8835:
8816:
8804:
8792:
8780:
8768:
8756:
8731:
8708:
8696:
8679:
8667:
8652:
8637:
8617:
8605:
8593:
8578:
8566:
8554:
8542:
8540:, p. 159.
8527:
8514:
8502:
8490:
8478:
8466:
8449:
8421:
8409:
8407:, p. 143.
8405:Castleden 2005
8392:
8369:
8367:, p. 160.
8365:Castleden 2005
8357:
8355:, p. 144.
8353:Castleden 2005
8345:
8343:, p. 114.
8333:
8331:, p. 157.
8329:Castleden 2005
8321:
8319:, p. 146.
8317:Castleden 2005
8309:
8307:, p. 115.
8294:
8265:
8243:
8221:
8219:, p. 259.
8209:
8193:
8167:
8163:Castleden 2005
8155:
8135:
8121:, p. 15;
8099:
8085:, p. 22;
8075:
8063:
8061:, p. 196.
8051:
8049:, p. 197.
8039:
8025:, p. 29;
8015:
8011:Castleden 2005
8003:
7991:
7979:
7975:Stubbings 1951
7967:
7965:, p. 200.
7950:
7948:, p. 117.
7938:
7916:
7914:, p. 116.
7899:
7887:
7875:
7863:
7861:, p. 152.
7851:
7836:
7834:, p. 242.
7824:
7822:, p. 145.
7807:
7795:
7762:
7728:
7712:
7700:
7685:
7664:
7662:, p. 350.
7652:
7640:
7628:
7616:
7604:
7589:
7587:, p. 127.
7577:
7565:
7550:
7538:
7526:
7514:
7495:
7476:
7461:
7459:, p. 129.
7449:
7440:
7392:
7380:
7368:
7356:
7354:, p. 126.
7331:
7329:, p. 219.
7327:Castleden 2005
7316:
7314:, p. 130.
7301:
7294:
7276:
7261:
7259:, p. 290.
7249:
7237:
7222:
7220:, p. 224.
7210:
7204:, p. 58;
7194:
7182:
7180:, p. 193.
7170:
7158:
7152:, p. 59;
7142:
7130:
7113:
7107:, p. 11;
7097:
7085:
7083:, p. 107.
7070:
7066:Castleden 2005
7058:
7056:, p. 361.
7043:
7031:
7019:
7002:
6998:Schofield 2006
6990:
6986:Schofield 2006
6973:
6961:
6957:Schofield 2006
6955:, p. 97;
6953:Castleden 2005
6945:
6938:
6920:
6916:Schofield 2006
6908:
6904:Schofield 2006
6896:
6888:Dickinson 1977
6880:
6876:Schofield 2006
6868:
6864:Schofield 2006
6856:
6852:Schofield 2006
6844:
6840:Schofield 2006
6825:
6813:
6809:Dickinson 1999
6805:Dickinson 1977
6794:
6782:
6780:, p. 672.
6770:
6758:
6756:, p. 357.
6746:
6744:, p. 122.
6734:
6722:
6720:, p. 123.
6710:
6695:
6693:, p. 159.
6679:
6664:
6652:
6650:, p. 138.
6640:
6638:, p. 120.
6625:
6613:
6601:
6589:
6587:, p. 617.
6577:
6563:
6546:
6534:
6518:
6498:
6486:
6484:, p. 192.
6482:Castleden 2005
6471:
6455:
6453:(Figure 2-A)."
6435:
6410:
6387:
6357:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6270:
6260:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6196:
6195:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6136:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6035:Chania, Crete
6033:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6005:Chania, Crete
6003:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5975:Chania, Crete
5973:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5945:Chania, Crete
5943:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5915:Chania, Crete
5913:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5885:Chania, Crete
5883:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5855:Chania, Crete
5853:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5825:Chania, Crete
5823:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5795:Chania, Crete
5793:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5765:Chania, Crete
5763:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5735:Chania, Crete
5733:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5705:Chania, Crete
5703:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5675:Chania, Crete
5673:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5645:Chania, Crete
5643:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5615:Chania, Crete
5613:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5585:Chania, Crete
5583:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5555:Chania, Crete
5553:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5525:Chania, Crete
5523:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5405:Chania, Crete
5403:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5375:Chania, Crete
5373:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5266:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5060:
5059:
5058:J2a1a2b2a2b2~
5056:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4929:Chania, Crete
4927:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4899:Chania, Crete
4897:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4869:Chania, Crete
4867:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4839:Chania, Crete
4837:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4809:Chania, Crete
4807:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4520:
4519:
4518:J2a1a2b2a2b2~
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3977:Chania, Crete
3975:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3910:western steppe
3792:western steppe
3761:
3742:archaeogenetic
3710:
3707:
3619:
3616:
3593:Greek language
3569: 1600 BC
3550:Main article:
3547:
3544:
3523:
3520:
3487:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3451:Kurgan culture
3440:
3437:
3416:
3413:
3338:
3335:
3275:Minoan pottery
3262:Grave Circle A
3246:Main article:
3243:
3240:
3179:
3176:
3153:
3150:
3134:Dendra panoply
3077:Main article:
3074:
3071:
3048:
3045:
2945:
2944:Fortifications
2942:
2878:
2875:
2870:Main article:
2867:
2864:
2860:ki-ri-te-wi-ja
2846:
2843:
2816:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2799:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2602:identified in
2569:
2566:
2505:southern Italy
2424:
2421:
2380:
2377:
2365:palace economy
2360:
2357:
2321:
2318:
2252:po-ro-ko-re-te
2186:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2153:
2150:
2105:
2102:
2085:
2082:
2026: 1200 BC
2000:
1997:
1991:, also in the
1951:Ionian islands
1922:
1919:
1911: 1220 BC
1863: 1200 BC
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1827:correspondence
1768: 1400 BC
1741: 1220 BC
1722:
1719:
1693:Central Greece
1653: 1400 BC
1627: 1450 BC
1588: 1400 BC
1545: 1450 BC
1529:
1526:
1389:Indo-Europeans
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1338: 1400 BC
1283: 1437 BC
1261: 1400 BC
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:Ceramic period
1099:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:Ceramic period
1053:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:Ceramic period
872:Main article:
869:
866:
838:Archaic Greece
805:their religion
801:Greek language
742:Central Greece
686:ancient Greece
669:
668:
666:
665:
658:
651:
643:
640:
639:
626:
625:
622:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
554:
548:Military Junta
545:
536:
518:
509:
500:
497:(1914/15-1917)
491:
482:
473:
464:
454:
449:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
434:Ottoman Greece
431:
422:
416:Venetian Crete
412:
407:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
389:
382:
377:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
360:
357:(323 BC–31 BC)
351:
342:
336:Archaic Greece
333:
323:
320:Ancient Greece
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
294:
278:
262:
255:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
235:
230:
229:
226:
225:
217:
216:
207:
206:
199:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
179:Tiryns culture
168:
164:
163:
162:
161:
159:Greek language
152:
147:
144:Palace-centric
139:
135:
134:
113:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
94: 1050 BC
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
23162:
23151:
23148:
23146:
23143:
23141:
23138:
23136:
23133:
23131:
23128:
23127:
23125:
23112:
23106:
23100:
23097:
23095:
23092:
23090:
23087:
23085:
23082:
23080:
23077:
23075:
23072:
23070:
23067:
23065:
23062:
23060:
23057:
23055:
23052:
23051:
23049:
23041:
23037:
23031:
23028:
23026:
23023:
23021:
23018:
23016:
23013:
23011:
23008:
23006:
23003:
23001:
22998:
22996:
22993:
22991:
22990:Tagar culture
22988:
22986:
22983:
22981:
22978:
22976:
22975:Samus culture
22973:
22971:
22970:Penard Period
22968:
22966:
22965:Ordos culture
22963:
22961:
22958:
22956:
22953:
22951:
22948:
22946:
22943:
22941:
22938:
22936:
22933:
22931:
22928:
22926:
22923:
22921:
22918:
22916:
22913:
22911:
22908:
22906:
22903:
22901:
22898:
22896:
22893:
22891:
22890:Ezero culture
22888:
22886:
22883:
22881:
22878:
22876:
22873:
22871:
22868:
22866:
22863:
22861:
22858:
22856:
22853:
22851:
22848:
22846:
22843:
22841:
22838:
22836:
22833:
22831:
22828:
22826:
22823:
22821:
22818:
22816:
22813:
22811:
22808:
22806:
22803:
22802:
22800:
22798:
22794:
22790:
22784:
22780:
22773:
22768:
22766:
22761:
22759:
22754:
22753:
22750:
22725:
22724:
22720:
22716:
22715:
22711:
22709:
22708:
22704:
22702:
22701:
22700:Metamorphoses
22697:
22695:
22693:
22692:The Histories
22689:
22687:
22686:
22682:
22680:
22679:
22675:
22673:
22671:
22670:The Histories
22667:
22665:
22664:
22660:
22659:
22657:
22651:
22648:
22646:
22643:
22641:
22638:
22637:
22636:
22633:
22631:
22628:
22627:
22625:
22624:
22621:
22614:
22610:
22585:
22582:
22580:
22577:
22576:
22574:
22572:
22569:
22567:
22564:
22562:
22559:
22557:
22554:
22552:
22549:
22547:
22544:
22542:
22539:
22538:
22536:
22530:
22524:
22521:
22519:
22516:
22514:
22511:
22509:
22506:
22504:
22501:
22499:
22496:
22494:
22491:
22489:
22486:
22484:
22481:
22480:
22478:
22472:
22464:
22461:
22459:
22456:
22454:
22451:
22449:
22448:
22444:
22442:
22439:
22438:
22436:
22432:
22431:
22427:
22426:
22425:
22422:
22418:
22415:
22413:
22412:
22408:
22406:
22405:
22401:
22400:
22398:
22394:
22393:
22389:
22387:
22386:
22385:Marumaru Atua
22382:
22380:
22379:
22375:
22373:
22372:
22368:
22366:
22363:
22361:
22360:
22356:
22354:
22353:
22349:
22347:
22346:
22345:Samudra Raksa
22342:
22340:
22339:
22335:
22333:
22332:
22331:Te Au o Tonga
22328:
22326:
22325:
22321:
22319:
22318:
22314:
22313:
22312:
22309:
22305:
22304:
22300:
22296:
22294:
22293:
22289:
22288:
22287:
22284:
22283:
22281:
22275:
22269:
22266:
22265:
22263:
22259:
22251:
22248:
22246:
22243:
22241:
22238:
22237:
22235:
22231:
22228:
22226:
22223:
22221:
22218:
22216:
22215:
22211:
22209:
22208:
22204:
22202:
22199:
22197:
22194:
22192:
22191:Blackfriars I
22189:
22187:
22186:Arles Rhône 3
22184:
22182:
22181:
22177:
22176:
22174:
22170:
22167:
22166:
22164:
22160:
22157:
22155:
22152:
22151:
22149:
22145:
22144:
22140:
22138:
22137:
22133:
22131:
22128:
22126:
22123:
22122:
22120:
22118:
22115:
22111:
22108:
22107:
22106:
22103:
22099:
22096:
22094:
22091:
22090:
22089:
22086:
22082:
22079:
22077:
22074:
22072:
22069:
22067:
22064:
22062:
22059:
22057:
22054:
22052:
22049:
22047:
22044:
22042:
22039:
22037:
22034:
22032:
22029:
22027:
22024:
22023:
22021:
22018:
22017:
22015:
22013:
22007:
22001:
21998:
21996:
21993:
21991:
21990:Thalassocracy
21988:
21986:
21983:
21981:
21978:
21976:
21975:Shell middens
21973:
21971:
21968:
21966:
21963:
21961:
21958:
21956:
21953:
21951:
21948:
21944:
21941:
21939:
21936:
21934:
21931:
21930:
21928:
21926:
21925:Naval warfare
21923:
21921:
21918:
21916:
21913:
21911:
21908:
21904:
21901:
21900:
21899:
21896:
21894:
21891:
21889:
21886:
21885:
21883:
21877:
21867:
21864:
21862:
21859:
21857:
21854:
21852:
21849:
21847:
21844:
21842:
21839:
21838:
21836:
21832:
21826:
21823:
21821:
21818:
21816:
21813:
21811:
21808:
21806:
21805:Lionel Casson
21803:
21801:
21798:
21797:
21795:
21791:
21788:
21784:
21780:
21773:
21769:
21750:
21747:
21745:
21742:
21740:
21737:
21735:
21732:
21730:
21727:
21725:
21722:
21720:
21717:
21716:
21713:
21706:
21702:
21681:
21678:
21677:
21676:
21673:
21669:
21666:
21665:
21664:
21661:
21659:
21656:
21654:
21651:
21649:
21648:
21644:
21642:
21639:
21637:
21636:Incense trade
21634:
21632:
21629:
21627:
21624:
21622:
21619:
21617:
21614:
21612:
21609:
21607:
21604:
21602:
21599:
21597:
21594:
21592:
21589:
21588:
21585:
21581:
21575:
21571:
21546:
21543:
21542:
21541:
21540:South America
21538:
21536:
21533:
21531:
21528:
21524:
21521:
21520:
21519:
21516:
21515:
21513:
21509:
21499:
21496:
21494:
21491:
21489:
21488:Sailing ships
21486:
21484:
21483:Oared vessels
21481:
21479:
21476:
21474:
21471:
21469:
21466:
21465:
21462:
21456:
21453:
21451:
21448:
21446:
21443:
21441:
21438:
21436:
21433:
21431:
21428:
21426:
21423:
21421:
21418:
21416:
21413:
21411:
21408:
21406:
21405:Cape Hermaeum
21403:
21401:
21398:
21396:
21393:
21391:
21388:
21386:
21383:
21381:
21378:
21376:
21373:
21371:
21368:
21366:
21363:
21361:
21358:
21356:
21353:
21351:
21348:
21346:
21343:
21341:
21338:
21336:
21333:
21331:
21327:
21324:
21323:
21321:
21319:
21315:
21309:
21306:
21304:
21301:
21299:
21296:
21294:
21291:
21290:
21288:
21286:
21282:
21279:
21275:
21269:
21266:
21264:
21261:
21259:
21256:
21252:
21249:
21247:
21244:
21243:
21242:
21239:
21237:
21234:
21232:
21229:
21227:
21224:
21223:
21221:
21219:
21216:Migration and
21213:
21207:
21204:
21202:
21199:
21197:
21194:
21192:
21189:
21185:
21182:
21180:
21177:
21176:
21175:
21172:
21170:
21167:
21165:
21162:
21160:
21157:
21155:
21152:
21150:
21147:
21145:
21142:
21140:
21137:
21133:
21130:
21128:
21125:
21123:
21120:
21119:
21118:
21115:
21113:
21110:
21108:
21105:
21101:
21098:
21096:
21093:
21091:
21088:
21086:
21083:
21081:
21078:
21076:
21073:
21071:
21068:
21066:
21063:
21061:
21058:
21056:
21053:
21051:
21048:
21046:
21043:
21041:
21038:
21037:
21036:
21033:
21029:
21026:
21025:
21024:
21023:Ancient Egypt
21021:
21020:
21018:
21016:Civilizations
21014:
21008:
21005:
21001:
20998:
20996:
20993:
20992:
20991:
20988:
20986:
20983:
20981:
20978:
20977:
20975:
20971:
20967:
20963:
20958:
20954:
20931:
20928:
20926:
20923:
20921:
20918:
20916:
20913:
20911:
20908:
20906:
20903:
20901:
20898:
20896:
20893:
20891:
20888:
20886:
20883:
20881:
20878:
20876:
20873:
20871:
20868:
20866:
20863:
20861:
20858:
20856:
20853:
20851:
20848:
20846:
20843:
20841:
20838:
20836:
20833:
20830:
20826:
20823:
20821:
20818:
20816:
20813:
20811:
20808:
20806:
20803:
20801:
20798:
20796:
20793:
20791:
20788:
20786:
20783:
20781:
20778:
20776:
20773:
20770:
20767:
20765:
20762:
20760:
20757:
20755:
20752:
20749:
20746:
20744:
20741:
20739:
20736:
20734:
20731:
20729:
20726:
20724:
20721:
20719:
20716:
20714:
20711:
20709:
20706:
20704:
20701:
20699:
20696:
20694:
20691:
20688:
20685:
20683:
20680:
20678:
20675:
20673:
20670:
20669:
20667:
20662:
20658:
20650:
20647:
20645:
20642:
20640:
20637:
20636:
20634:
20630:
20627:
20625:
20622:
20621:
20620:
20617:
20615:
20612:
20608:
20605:
20604:
20603:
20600:
20598:
20595:
20593:
20590:
20588:
20585:
20583:
20580:
20579:
20577:
20575:
20571:
20567:
20560:
20556:
20533:
20530:
20528:
20525:
20523:
20520:
20518:
20515:
20513:
20510:
20508:
20505:
20503:
20500:
20499:
20497:
20493:
20487:
20484:
20482:
20479:
20477:
20474:
20472:
20469:
20465:
20462:
20460:
20457:
20455:
20452:
20450:
20447:
20446:
20445:
20442:
20440:
20437:
20436:
20434:
20432:
20428:
20420:
20417:
20416:
20414:
20412:
20409:
20407:
20404:
20402:
20399:
20397:
20394:
20392:
20391:Clinker built
20389:
20387:
20384:
20382:
20379:
20377:
20376:Boat building
20374:
20373:
20371:
20369:
20365:
20359:
20356:
20354:
20351:
20349:
20346:
20344:
20341:
20337:
20334:
20333:
20332:
20329:
20327:
20324:
20322:
20319:
20317:
20314:
20312:
20309:
20307:
20304:
20302:
20299:
20297:
20294:
20290:
20287:
20286:
20285:
20282:
20280:
20277:
20275:
20272:
20270:
20267:
20265:
20262:
20260:
20257:
20256:
20254:
20250:
20244:
20241:
20239:
20236:
20234:
20231:
20229:
20226:
20225:
20223:
20219:
20213:
20210:
20208:
20205:
20203:
20200:
20198:
20195:
20191:
20188:
20186:
20183:
20181:
20178:
20176:
20173:
20171:
20168:
20166:
20163:
20161:
20158:
20157:
20155:
20151:
20148:
20146:
20143:
20141:
20138:
20137:
20136:
20133:
20131:
20128:
20126:
20125:Navis lusoria
20123:
20121:
20118:
20116:
20113:
20111:
20108:
20106:
20103:
20099:
20096:
20095:
20094:
20091:
20089:
20086:
20084:
20081:
20079:
20076:
20074:
20071:
20069:
20066:
20064:
20061:
20060:
20058:
20056:
20052:
20048:
20044:
20039:
20035:
20031:
20024:
20019:
20017:
20012:
20010:
20005:
20004:
20001:
19989:
19985:
19981:
19979:
19971:
19970:
19967:
19953:
19950:
19948:
19945:
19943:
19940:
19938:
19935:
19933:
19929:
19926:
19924:
19921:
19919:
19916:
19915:
19913:
19909:
19903:
19900:
19897:
19893:
19889:
19885:
19882:
19880:
19877:
19875:
19872:
19870:
19867:
19865:
19862:
19860:
19857:
19855:
19852:
19850:
19847:
19846:
19844:
19842:
19838:
19832:
19829:
19827:
19824:
19822:
19819:
19817:
19814:
19812:
19809:
19807:
19804:
19802:
19801:Protestantism
19799:
19797:
19794:
19791:
19787:
19783:
19779:
19775:
19771:
19767:
19763:
19759:
19755:
19751:
19747:
19743:
19739:
19735:
19732:
19730:
19727:
19725:
19722:
19720:
19717:
19715:
19712:
19709:
19705:
19702:
19700:
19697:
19695:
19692:
19690:
19687:
19685:
19682:
19679:
19675:
19671:
19667:
19664:
19662:
19659:
19657:
19654:
19651:
19647:
19643:
19639:
19635:
19631:
19627:
19623:
19619:
19616:
19614:
19611:
19609:
19606:
19604:
19601:
19599:
19596:
19593:
19589:
19585:
19582:
19581:
19579:
19576:
19572:
19565:
19561:
19558:
19556:
19553:
19550:
19546:
19542:
19538:
19534:
19530:
19526:
19522:
19518:
19514:
19510:
19506:
19502:
19498:
19494:
19490:
19486:
19482:
19478:
19474:
19470:
19466:
19462:
19458:
19454:
19450:
19446:
19442:
19439:
19436:
19432:
19429:
19427:
19426:Ionian School
19424:
19422:
19419:
19416:
19412:
19408:
19404:
19403:Peloponnesian
19400:
19396:
19392:
19388:
19384:
19380:
19377:
19375:
19372:
19369:
19365:
19361:
19357:
19353:
19349:
19345:
19341:
19337:
19333:
19329:
19325:
19321:
19317:
19313:
19309:
19305:
19301:
19297:
19293:
19289:
19285:
19281:
19277:
19273:
19269:
19265:
19261:
19257:
19253:
19249:
19245:
19241:
19237:
19233:
19229:
19226:
19224:
19221:
19220:
19218:
19216:
19212:
19206:
19203:
19201:
19200:Media freedom
19198:
19196:
19193:
19191:
19188:
19186:
19183:
19181:
19178:
19177:
19175:
19173:
19169:
19163:
19160:
19158:
19155:
19153:
19149:
19146:
19143:
19139:
19135:
19131:
19127:
19123:
19122:Balkan Romani
19119:
19115:
19111:
19107:
19104:
19101:
19097:
19093:
19089:
19086:
19083:
19079:
19075:
19071:
19070:Ancient Greek
19067:
19063:
19060:
19058:
19055:
19052:
19048:
19044:
19040:
19036:
19032:
19028:
19024:
19020:
19016:
19012:
19008:
19005:
19003:
18999:
18995:
18991:
18990:Cyrillization
18987:
18983:
18979:
18975:
18971:
18968:
18967:
18965:
18963:
18959:
18952:
18948:
18944:
18940:
18936:
18932:
18928:
18924:
18920:
18916:
18912:
18908:
18904:
18900:
18896:
18892:
18888:
18884:
18881:
18878:
18874:
18870:
18866:
18862:
18860:
18857:
18854:
18850:
18846:
18842:
18838:
18835:
18831:
18827:
18823:
18820:
18817:
18813:
18809:
18805:
18803:
18800:
18797:
18793:
18790:
18787:
18783:
18779:
18775:
18771:
18767:
18763:
18760:
18757:
18753:
18749:
18745:
18741:
18737:
18733:
18729:
18725:
18721:
18718:
18715:
18714:Frappé coffee
18711:
18707:
18703:
18699:
18695:
18691:
18687:
18683:
18679:
18677:
18674:
18671:
18667:
18663:
18659:
18655:
18651:
18647:
18643:
18639:
18635:
18632:
18628:
18624:
18620:
18616:
18612:
18611:
18609:
18607:
18603:
18597:
18596:Religious art
18594:
18591:
18587:
18584:
18581:
18577:
18574:
18572:
18568:
18565:
18562:
18558:
18555:
18554:
18552:
18550:
18546:
18540:
18537:
18535:
18532:
18530:
18527:
18525:
18522:
18520:
18517:
18515:
18512:
18509:
18505:
18501:
18498:
18496:
18493:
18491:
18488:
18486:
18485:Hellenophobia
18482:
18481:Philhellenism
18479:
18477:
18474:
18472:
18469:
18467:
18464:
18462:
18459:
18456:
18452:
18448:
18444:
18442:
18439:
18437:
18436:Hellenization
18434:
18432:
18429:
18427:
18424:
18422:
18419:
18417:
18414:
18412:
18411:Eastern Party
18409:
18406:
18402:
18398:
18394:
18390:
18389:Mariner's cap
18386:
18382:
18378:
18374:
18370:
18366:
18363:
18361:
18358:
18356:
18353:
18351:
18348:
18346:
18343:
18342:
18340:
18338:
18334:
18328:
18325:
18323:
18320:
18317:
18313:
18309:
18305:
18301:
18297:
18293:
18289:
18285:
18282:
18280:
18277:
18274:
18270:
18266:
18263:
18261:
18258:
18257:
18255:
18253:
18249:
18245:
18238:
18234:
18224:
18221:
18218:
18214:
18210:
18206:
18203:
18201:
18198:
18196:
18193:
18191:
18188:
18186:
18183:
18181:
18178:
18176:
18173:
18171:
18168:
18165:
18161:
18158:
18156:
18153:
18151:
18148:
18145:
18141:
18138:
18136:
18133:
18131:
18128:
18126:
18123:
18121:
18118:
18116:
18113:
18111:
18108:
18106:
18103:
18100:
18096:
18092:
18089:
18087:
18084:
18081:
18077:
18074:
18071:
18067:
18064:
18062:
18059:
18057:
18054:
18051:
18047:
18044:
18041:
18037:
18034:
18032:
18029:
18027:
18024:
18023:
18020:
18016:
18011:
18007:
17993:
17990:
17988:
17985:
17983:
17980:
17978:
17975:
17974:
17972:
17970:
17966:
17960:
17957:
17954:
17950:
17946:
17943:
17940:
17936:
17932:
17928:
17925:
17922:
17918:
17914:
17910:
17907:
17904:
17900:
17899:Republicanism
17896:
17893:
17890:
17886:
17883:
17880:
17876:
17873:
17872:
17870:
17866:
17860:
17857:
17855:
17852:
17850:
17847:
17845:
17842:
17840:
17837:
17835:
17832:
17829:
17825:
17821:
17817:
17814:
17811:
17807:
17804:
17802:
17799:
17797:
17794:
17793:
17791:
17789:Social issues
17787:
17781:
17778:
17776:
17773:
17770:
17766:
17763:
17761:
17758:
17756:
17753:
17751:
17748:
17746:
17743:
17741:
17738:
17736:
17733:
17732:
17730:
17728:
17724:
17718:
17715:
17713:
17710:
17708:
17705:
17703:
17700:
17697:
17693:
17690:
17688:
17685:
17683:
17680:
17678:
17675:
17673:
17670:
17669:
17667:
17665:
17661:
17655:
17652:
17650:
17647:
17645:
17642:
17639:
17635:
17632:
17630:
17627:
17625:
17622:
17620:
17617:
17616:
17614:
17610:
17604:
17603:Supreme Court
17601:
17599:
17596:
17594:
17591:
17590:
17588:
17586:
17582:
17576:
17573:
17571:
17568:
17566:
17563:
17561:
17558:
17556:
17553:
17552:
17550:
17548:
17544:
17538:
17535:
17533:
17530:
17527:
17523:
17520:
17518:
17515:
17514:
17512:
17508:
17501:
17497:
17494:
17491:
17487:
17484:
17481:
17477:
17474:
17472:
17469:
17468:
17466:
17462:
17456:
17453:
17450:
17446:
17442:
17438:
17434:
17430:
17429:Constitutions
17427:
17424:
17420:
17416:
17412:
17411:
17409:
17407:
17403:
17399:
17395:
17390:
17386:
17372:
17369:
17367:
17364:
17362:
17358:
17355:
17353:
17350:
17348:
17345:
17343:
17340:
17337:
17333:
17330:
17328:
17325:
17324:
17322:
17320:
17316:
17310:
17307:
17305:
17302:
17299:
17295:
17291:
17287:
17283:
17280:
17278:
17275:
17273:
17270:
17268:
17265:
17263:
17260:
17259:
17257:
17255:
17251:
17245:
17242:
17240:
17237:
17235:
17232:
17229:
17225:
17221:
17217:
17214:
17211:
17207:
17203:
17199:
17196:
17194:
17191:
17189:
17186:
17184:
17181:
17180:
17178:
17174:
17167:
17163:
17159:
17155:
17152:
17149:
17145:
17141:
17137:
17133:
17129:
17126:
17123:
17119:
17115:
17111:
17107:
17103:
17099:
17095:
17092:
17089:
17085:
17081:
17077:
17073:
17069:
17066:
17063:
17059:
17055:
17051:
17047:
17043:
17039:
17035:
17031:
17027:
17023:
17019:
17015:
17011:
17007:
17004:
17001:
16997:
16993:
16989:
16985:
16981:
16977:
16973:
16970:
16967:
16963:
16959:
16955:
16951:
16948:
16945:
16941:
16937:
16933:
16929:
16925:
16921:
16917:
16913:
16909:
16905:
16901:
16897:
16893:
16889:
16885:
16882:
16879:
16875:
16871:
16867:
16863:
16859:
16855:
16851:
16847:
16843:
16839:
16835:
16832:
16829:
16825:
16821:
16817:
16813:
16810:
16807:
16803:
16799:
16795:
16791:
16787:
16783:
16779:
16775:
16771:
16767:
16764:
16763:
16761:
16759:
16755:
16749:
16746:
16744:
16741:
16738:
16734:
16730:
16727:
16725:
16722:
16721:
16719:
16715:
16711:
16707:
16702:
16698:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16676:
16674:
16671:
16668:
16664:
16660:
16657:
16655:
16652:
16650:
16647:
16645:
16642:
16640:
16636:
16633:
16631:
16628:
16626:
16625:Greek Muslims
16623:
16621:
16618:
16616:
16613:
16611:
16608:
16605:
16601:
16598:
16596:
16593:
16591:
16588:
16586:
16583:
16581:
16577:
16574:
16572:
16568:
16565:
16564:
16562:
16558:
16552:
16549:
16547:
16544:
16542:
16539:
16537:
16534:
16532:
16529:
16527:
16524:
16522:
16519:
16517:
16514:
16512:
16509:
16507:
16504:
16502:
16499:
16497:
16494:
16492:
16489:
16487:
16484:
16482:
16479:
16477:
16474:
16472:
16469:
16467:
16464:
16461:
16457:
16453:
16450:
16449:
16447:
16442:
16435:
16429:
16426:
16424:
16420:
16416:
16413:
16411:
16408:
16406:
16403:
16401:
16398:
16396:
16393:
16391:
16388:
16386:
16383:
16381:
16378:
16376:
16373:
16371:
16368:
16366:
16363:
16362:
16360:
16355:
16351:
16345:
16342:
16340:
16337:
16335:
16332:
16330:
16327:
16325:
16322:
16320:
16317:
16315:
16312:
16310:
16307:
16305:
16301:
16298:
16296:
16293:
16291:
16288:
16286:
16283:
16281:
16278:
16276:
16273:
16272:
16270:
16265:
16261:
16255:
16252:
16250:
16247:
16245:
16242:
16240:
16237:
16235:
16232:
16230:
16227:
16225:
16222:
16220:
16219:Neolithic Age
16217:
16216:
16214:
16211:(pre-1100 BC)
16209:
16205:
16201:
16197:
16192:
16188:
16182:
16179:
16177:
16174:
16173:
16170:
16165:
16158:
16153:
16151:
16146:
16144:
16139:
16138:
16135:
16123:
16115:
16113:
16109:
16105:
16103:
16095:
16094:
16091:
16081:
16078:
16076:
16073:
16071:
16068:
16066:
16063:
16061:
16058:
16054:
16051:
16050:
16049:
16046:
16045:
16042:
16035:
16031:
16013:
16010:
16008:
16005:
16003:
16000:
15998:
15995:
15993:
15990:
15988:
15985:
15983:
15980:
15978:
15975:
15973:
15970:
15968:
15965:
15963:
15960:
15958:
15955:
15953:
15950:
15948:
15945:
15943:
15940:
15938:
15935:
15933:
15930:
15928:
15925:
15923:
15920:
15918:
15915:
15913:
15910:
15908:
15905:
15903:
15900:
15898:
15895:
15893:
15890:
15888:
15885:
15884:
15882:
15876:
15870:
15867:
15865:
15862:
15860:
15857:
15855:
15852:
15850:
15847:
15845:
15842:
15840:
15837:
15835:
15832:
15830:
15827:
15825:
15822:
15820:
15817:
15815:
15812:
15810:
15807:
15805:
15802:
15800:
15797:
15795:
15792:
15790:
15787:
15785:
15782:
15780:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15770:
15767:
15765:
15762:
15761:
15759:
15753:
15750:
15746:
15742:
15736:
15733:
15731:
15728:
15726:
15723:
15721:
15718:
15716:
15713:
15711:
15708:
15706:
15703:
15701:
15698:
15696:
15693:
15691:
15688:
15686:
15683:
15681:
15678:
15677:
15675:
15673:
15669:
15663:
15660:
15658:
15655:
15653:
15650:
15648:
15645:
15643:
15640:
15638:
15635:
15633:
15630:
15628:
15625:
15623:
15622:Hemeroscopion
15620:
15618:
15615:
15613:
15610:
15608:
15605:
15603:
15600:
15599:
15597:
15595:
15591:
15585:
15582:
15579:
15575:
15572:
15570:
15567:
15565:
15562:
15560:
15557:
15556:
15554:
15552:
15548:
15542:
15539:
15537:
15534:
15532:
15529:
15527:
15524:
15522:
15519:
15517:
15514:
15512:
15509:
15507:
15504:
15503:
15501:
15499:
15495:
15485:
15482:
15480:
15477:
15475:
15472:
15470:
15467:
15465:
15462:
15460:
15457:
15455:
15452:
15450:
15447:
15445:
15442:
15440:
15437:
15435:
15432:
15430:
15427:
15425:
15422:
15420:
15417:
15415:
15412:
15410:
15407:
15405:
15402:
15400:
15397:
15395:
15392:
15390:
15387:
15385:
15382:
15380:
15377:
15375:
15372:
15370:
15367:
15365:
15362:
15361:
15359:
15357:
15353:
15347:
15344:
15342:
15339:
15337:
15334:
15332:
15329:
15327:
15324:
15322:
15319:
15317:
15314:
15312:
15309:
15307:
15304:
15302:
15299:
15297:
15294:
15292:
15289:
15287:
15284:
15282:
15279:
15277:
15274:
15272:
15269:
15267:
15264:
15262:
15259:
15257:
15254:
15252:
15249:
15247:
15244:
15242:
15239:
15237:
15234:
15232:
15229:
15227:
15224:
15222:
15219:
15217:
15214:
15213:
15211:
15205:
15202:
15200:
15199:Magna Graecia
15196:
15192:
15185:
15182:
15181:
15177:
15173:
15159:
15156:
15154:
15151:
15149:
15146:
15144:
15141:
15139:
15136:
15134:
15131:
15130:
15128:
15126:
15122:
15116:
15113:
15109:
15106:
15104:
15101:
15099:
15096:
15094:
15091:
15089:
15086:
15084:
15081:
15079:
15076:
15074:
15073:Arcadocypriot
15071:
15069:
15066:
15065:
15064:
15061:
15059:
15056:
15054:
15051:
15049:
15046:
15045:
15043:
15041:
15037:
15027:
15026:Zeus, Olympia
15024:
15022:
15019:
15017:
15014:
15012:
15011:Hera, Olympia
15009:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14983:
14981:
14979:
14975:
14969:
14966:
14964:
14961:
14959:
14956:
14954:
14951:
14949:
14946:
14944:
14941:
14940:
14937:
14934:
14930:
14920:
14917:
14915:
14914:Mount Olympus
14912:
14910:
14907:
14905:
14902:
14900:
14897:
14895:
14892:
14890:
14887:
14886:
14884:
14882:Sacred places
14880:
14874:
14871:
14869:
14866:
14864:
14861:
14857:
14854:
14853:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14843:
14840:
14837:
14835:
14831:
14825:
14822:
14820:
14817:
14815:
14812:
14810:
14807:
14803:
14800:
14799:
14798:
14795:
14793:
14790:
14788:
14785:
14783:
14780:
14778:
14775:
14771:
14768:
14767:
14766:
14763:
14762:
14760:
14757:
14753:
14747:
14744:
14742:
14739:
14737:
14734:
14732:
14729:
14727:
14724:
14722:
14719:
14717:
14714:
14712:
14709:
14707:
14706:Olympic Games
14704:
14702:
14699:
14697:
14696:Homosexuality
14694:
14692:
14689:
14687:
14684:
14682:
14679:
14677:
14674:
14672:
14669:
14667:
14664:
14662:
14659:
14657:
14654:
14652:
14649:
14647:
14644:
14642:
14639:
14638:
14636:
14634:
14630:
14626:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14610:
14606:
14602:
14588:
14585:
14583:
14580:
14578:
14575:
14574:
14572:
14568:
14562:
14559:
14557:
14554:
14552:
14549:
14547:
14544:
14543:
14541:
14537:
14531:
14528:
14526:
14523:
14521:
14518:
14516:
14513:
14511:
14508:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14498:
14496:
14493:
14491:
14488:
14486:
14483:
14481:
14478:
14476:
14473:
14471:
14468:
14466:
14463:
14461:
14458:
14456:
14453:
14451:
14448:
14446:
14443:
14441:
14438:
14436:
14433:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14416:
14413:
14411:
14408:
14406:
14403:
14401:
14398:
14396:
14393:
14391:
14388:
14387:
14385:
14383:
14379:
14373:
14370:
14368:
14365:
14363:
14360:
14358:
14355:
14353:
14350:
14348:
14345:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14318:
14315:
14313:
14310:
14308:
14305:
14303:
14300:
14298:
14295:
14293:
14290:
14288:
14285:
14283:
14280:
14278:
14275:
14274:
14272:
14270:
14266:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14250:
14247:
14245:
14242:
14240:
14237:
14235:
14232:
14230:
14227:
14225:
14222:
14220:
14217:
14216:
14214:
14210:
14204:
14201:
14199:
14196:
14194:
14191:
14189:
14186:
14184:
14181:
14179:
14176:
14174:
14171:
14169:
14166:
14164:
14161:
14159:
14156:
14154:
14151:
14149:
14146:
14144:
14141:
14140:
14138:
14136:
14132:
14128:
14123:
14119:
14115:
14110:
14106:
14092:
14089:
14087:
14084:
14082:
14079:
14077:
14074:
14072:
14069:
14067:
14066:Seleucid army
14064:
14062:
14059:
14057:
14054:
14052:
14049:
14047:
14044:
14042:
14039:
14037:
14034:
14032:
14029:
14027:
14024:
14022:
14019:
14017:
14014:
14012:
14009:
14007:
14004:
14002:
13999:
13997:
13994:
13992:
13989:
13987:
13984:
13980:
13977:
13976:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13967:
13966:
13964:
13962:
13958:
13948:
13945:
13943:
13940:
13939:
13937:
13935:
13931:
13925:
13922:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13911:
13909:
13907:
13903:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13887:
13884:
13882:
13879:
13877:
13874:
13872:
13869:
13868:
13866:
13864:
13860:
13854:
13851:
13849:
13846:
13844:
13841:
13839:
13836:
13834:
13831:
13829:
13826:
13824:
13821:
13820:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13808:
13801:
13798:
13795:
13792:
13789:
13786:
13783:
13780:
13777:
13774:
13771:
13768:
13765:
13762:
13759:
13756:
13753:
13750:
13747:
13744:
13741:
13740:Delian League
13738:
13735:
13732:
13729:
13726:
13716:
13713:
13703:
13700:
13697:
13696:Ionian League
13694:
13684:
13681:
13677: 560 BC
13667:
13664:
13663:
13661:
13659:
13654:
13650:
13644:
13641:
13639:
13636:
13634:
13631:
13629:
13626:
13624:
13621:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13611:
13609:
13606:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13595:
13593:
13589:
13583:
13580:
13578:
13575:
13573:
13570:
13568:
13565:
13563:
13560:
13558:
13555:
13553:
13550:
13548:
13545:
13543:
13540:
13538:
13535:
13533:
13530:
13528:
13525:
13523:
13520:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13494:
13492:
13490:
13486:
13482:
13475:
13472:
13470:
13467:
13465:
13462:
13461:
13457:
13453:
13439:
13436:
13434:
13431:
13429:
13426:
13424:
13421:
13419:
13418:Magna Graecia
13416:
13414:
13411:
13409:
13406:
13404:
13401:
13399:
13396:
13394:
13391:
13389:
13386:
13384:
13381:
13379:
13376:
13374:
13371:
13369:
13366:
13364:
13361:
13360:
13358:
13356:
13352:
13346:
13343:
13341:
13338:
13336:
13333:
13331:
13328:
13326:
13323:
13321:
13318:
13316:
13313:
13311:
13308:
13307:
13305:
13301:
13297:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13281:
13277:
13273:
13267:
13264:
13263:
13260:
13256:
13249:
13244:
13242:
13237:
13235:
13230:
13229:
13226:
13210:
13206:
13201:
13189:
13185:
13181:
13177:
13172:
13160:
13156:
13151:
13147:
13142:
13138:
13133:
13129:
13124:
13123:
13112:
13108:
13104:
13100:
13096:
13092:
13088:
13084:
13080:
13076:
13071:
13067:
13063:
13059:
13055:
13050:
13046:
13040:
13036:
13035:
13029:
13025:
13019:
13014:
13013:
13006:
13002:
12997:
12993:
12987:
12983:
12977:
12973:
12972:
12966:
12962:
12956:
12952:
12951:
12945:
12938:
12934:
12930:
12926:
12922:
12918:
12914:
12907:
12902:
12898:
12892:
12888:
12887:
12881:
12877:
12873:
12869:
12865:
12861:
12857:
12853:
12849:
12844:
12840:
12835:
12831:
12829:9780710083791
12825:
12821:
12820:
12814:
12810:
12804:
12800:
12799:
12793:
12789:
12784:
12780:
12774:
12770:
12769:
12763:
12760:(2): 114–122.
12759:
12755:
12750:
12746:
12742:
12738:
12734:
12730:
12726:
12722:
12718:
12713:
12709:
12703:
12699:
12698:
12692:
12688:
12682:
12678:
12677:
12672:
12668:
12664:
12658:
12654:
12653:
12647:
12643:
12639:
12635:
12630:
12626:
12620:
12616:
12615:
12609:
12605:
12599:
12595:
12594:
12587:
12583:
12577:
12573:
12572:
12566:
12562:
12556:
12552:
12551:
12545:
12544:
12532:
12531:
12526:
12524:
12520:
12516:
12514:9781139001892
12510:
12506:
12502:
12498:
12497:
12491:
12487:
12483:
12479:
12475:
12471:
12467:
12463:
12461:9789170812378
12457:
12453:
12452:
12446:
12442:
12436:
12431:
12430:
12423:
12419:
12413:
12409:
12408:
12402:
12398:
12392:
12388:
12387:
12381:
12374:
12370:
12366:
12359:
12354:
12350:
12349:
12343:
12339:
12335:
12331:
12327:
12323:
12319:
12314:
12310:
12306:
12302:
12298:
12294:
12290:
12285:
12281:
12275:
12271:
12270:
12264:
12260:
12258:9781107067134
12254:
12250:
12249:
12243:
12239:
12233:
12229:
12228:
12222:
12218:
12217:
12211:
12207:
12203:
12199:
12195:
12191:
12187:
12183:
12179:
12175:
12170:
12166:
12164:9780892368679
12160:
12156:
12155:
12149:
12145:
12141:
12137:
12133:
12129:
12125:
12124:
12118:
12114:
12110:
12106:
12102:
12098:
12094:
12090:
12086:
12082:
12078:
12074:
12070:
12064:
12059:
12058:
12051:
12039:
12035:
12030:
12026:
12020:
12016:
12015:
12009:
12005:
11999:
11995:
11994:
11988:
11984:
11978:
11974:
11973:
11968:
11963:
11959:
11958:
11952:
11948:
11947:
11941:
11937:
11935:9782869583702
11931:
11927:
11926:
11920:
11916:
11910:
11906:
11905:
11899:
11887:
11883:
11876:
11871:
11867:
11861:
11857:
11856:
11850:
11846:
11842:
11838:
11834:
11830:
11826:
11821:
11817:
11812:
11808:
11807:
11801:
11797:
11796:
11790:
11786:
11784:9780691035239
11780:
11776:
11775:
11769:
11765:
11760:
11756:
11754:9780195076189
11750:
11746:
11742:
11737:
11733:
11727:
11723:
11722:
11716:
11712:
11708:
11704:
11700:
11696:
11692:
11687:
11683:
11677:
11673:
11672:
11666:
11662:
11658:
11654:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11636:
11632:
11628:
11624:
11620:
11616:
11615:
11610:
11605:
11601:
11597:
11593:
11589:
11584:
11579:
11575:
11571:
11567:
11563:
11559:
11555:
11554:
11549:
11544:
11540:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11522:
11518:
11514:
11510:
11506:
11502:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11487:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11469:
11465:
11461:
11457:
11453:
11449:
11445:
11441:
11440:
11435:
11431:
11427:
11421:
11417:
11415:9780199263080
11411:
11407:
11406:
11400:
11396:
11390:
11385:
11380:
11376:
11375:
11369:
11365:
11359:
11355:
11354:
11348:
11336:
11332:
11327:
11323:
11321:9781400846306
11317:
11313:
11312:
11306:
11302:
11296:
11292:
11291:
11285:
11281:
11275:
11271:
11267:
11262:
11258:
11254:
11250:
11246:
11241:
11237:
11235:9781785706325
11231:
11227:
11223:
11218:
11214:
11212:9781848842939
11208:
11204:
11203:
11197:
11193:
11187:
11183:
11179:
11175:
11171:
11165:
11161:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11146:
11140:
11136:
11135:
11129:
11125:
11119:
11115:
11114:
11108:
11104:
11100:
11096:
11092:
11088:
11084:
11079:
11068:
11064:
11059:
11055:
11049:
11045:
11040:
11036:
11032:
11028:
11024:
11020:
11016:
11012:
11008:
11003:
10999:
10998:
10992:
10988:
10984:
10980:
10976:
10972:
10968:
10964:
10960:
10956:
10952:
10947:
10943:
10941:9780199651924
10937:
10933:
10932:
10926:
10922:
10917:
10913:
10907:
10903:
10902:
10896:
10892:
10886:
10878:
10876:9781841769448
10872:
10868:
10867:
10861:
10857:
10851:
10843:
10841:9781841767628
10837:
10833:
10832:
10826:
10822:
10816:
10812:
10811:
10805:
10801:
10797:
10793:
10792:
10785:
10781:
10775:
10771:
10770:
10765:
10764:Drews, Robert
10761:
10757:
10751:
10747:
10746:
10740:
10736:
10732:
10729:(1): 97–107.
10728:
10724:
10719:
10715:
10710:
10706:
10702:
10697:
10693:
10689:
10686:
10681:
10677:
10671:
10667:
10666:
10660:
10656:
10650:
10646:
10645:
10639:
10635:
10630:
10626:
10622:
10617:
10612:
10608:
10604:
10600:
10596:
10592:
10588:
10587:
10582:
10577:
10573:
10567:
10562:
10561:
10555:
10551:
10547:
10543:
10539:
10534:
10530:
10524:
10520:
10519:
10513:
10509:
10503:
10499:
10498:
10492:
10488:
10482:
10477:
10476:
10469:
10465:
10463:9780199279081
10459:
10455:
10454:
10448:
10444:
10438:
10434:
10433:
10427:
10423:
10419:
10415:
10408:
10403:
10399:
10393:
10389:
10384:
10380:
10378:9781900188821
10374:
10370:
10369:
10363:
10359:
10357:9781849081955
10353:
10349:
10348:
10342:
10338:
10336:9780521119542
10332:
10328:
10327:
10321:
10317:
10313:
10310:(1–2): 3–20.
10309:
10305:
10300:
10296:
10290:
10286:
10285:
10279:
10275:
10271:
10267:
10263:
10259:
10255:
10251:
10247:
10243:
10238:
10234:
10230:
10226:
10221:
10217:
10211:
10207:
10206:
10200:
10199:
10186:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10142:
10137:
10118:
10113:
10107:
10102:
10094:
10090:
10083:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10064:
10062:
10060:
10052:
10047:
10041:
10036:
10034:
10027:
10022:
10020:
10013:
10008:
9993:
9989:
9982:
9967:
9963:
9956:
9941:
9937:
9931:
9925:
9920:
9918:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9897:
9893:
9889:
9885:
9881:
9877:
9870:
9862:
9858:
9854:
9850:
9846:
9842:
9838:
9831:
9823:
9819:
9815:
9811:
9804:
9802:
9793:
9786:
9778:
9771:
9764:
9759:
9753:, p. 231
9752:
9747:
9745:
9737:
9726:
9722:
9715:
9708:
9703:
9696:
9691:
9684:
9679:
9672:
9667:
9660:
9655:
9653:
9651:
9642:
9640:9789602504802
9636:
9632:
9628:
9621:
9605:
9601:
9595:
9579:
9575:
9569:
9553:
9549:
9543:
9541:
9539:
9523:
9519:
9512:
9505:
9500:
9498:
9496:
9488:
9487:Graziado 1991
9483:
9477:, p. 95.
9476:
9471:
9465:, p. 97.
9464:
9459:
9452:
9447:
9441:, p. 48.
9440:
9436:
9431:
9424:
9419:
9412:
9407:
9401:, p. 90.
9400:
9395:
9388:
9383:
9376:
9372:
9367:
9360:
9355:
9348:
9344:
9339:
9332:
9328:
9323:
9317:
9312:
9306:
9301:
9294:
9289:
9282:
9276:
9269:
9264:
9257:
9252:
9245:
9240:
9233:
9232:Furumark 1941
9228:
9221:
9217:
9212:
9205:
9200:
9198:
9196:
9194:
9186:
9181:
9173:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9155:
9151:
9147:
9140:
9133:
9128:
9121:
9117:
9112:
9106:, p. 20.
9105:
9100:
9093:
9088:
9082:, p. 27.
9081:
9076:
9070:, p. 23.
9069:
9064:
9057:
9052:
9046:, p. 22.
9045:
9040:
9034:, p. 63.
9033:
9028:
9022:, p. 13.
9021:
9017:
9012:
9006:, p. 50.
9005:
9000:
8998:
8990:
8985:
8979:, p. 10.
8978:
8973:
8966:
8961:
8954:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8937:
8932:
8925:
8921:
8920:Wikander 1990
8916:
8910:, p. 44.
8909:
8904:
8897:
8892:
8885:
8880:
8873:
8868:
8862:, p. 11.
8861:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8845:, p. 78.
8844:
8839:
8833:, p. 10.
8832:
8827:
8825:
8823:
8821:
8813:
8808:
8801:
8796:
8790:, p. 20.
8789:
8784:
8778:, p. 110
8777:
8772:
8765:
8760:
8754:, p. 109
8753:
8748:
8746:
8744:
8742:
8740:
8738:
8736:
8719:
8712:
8706:, p. 485
8705:
8700:
8693:
8688:
8686:
8684:
8676:
8671:
8664:
8659:
8657:
8649:
8644:
8642:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8621:
8614:
8609:
8602:
8597:
8590:
8585:
8583:
8576:, p. 76.
8575:
8574:Chadwick 1976
8570:
8563:
8558:
8551:
8550:Chadwick 1976
8546:
8539:
8534:
8532:
8525:, p. 88.
8524:
8523:Chadwick 1976
8518:
8511:
8506:
8500:, p. 99.
8499:
8498:Chadwick 1976
8494:
8487:
8482:
8475:
8474:Chadwick 1976
8470:
8463:
8462:Chadwick 1976
8458:
8456:
8454:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8433:Chadwick 1976
8430:
8425:
8418:
8413:
8406:
8401:
8399:
8397:
8380:
8373:
8366:
8361:
8354:
8349:
8342:
8337:
8330:
8325:
8318:
8313:
8306:
8301:
8299:
8282:
8277:
8269:
8253:
8247:
8231:
8225:
8218:
8213:
8206:
8202:
8197:
8181:
8177:
8171:
8164:
8159:
8153:, p. 15.
8152:
8149:, p. 3;
8148:
8144:
8139:
8132:
8128:
8124:
8123:Vianello 2005
8120:
8116:
8112:
8109:, p. 4;
8108:
8103:
8097:, p. 15.
8096:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8083:Tartaron 2013
8079:
8072:
8067:
8060:
8055:
8048:
8043:
8036:
8032:
8031:Nikolaou 1973
8028:
8024:
8023:Tartaron 2013
8019:
8012:
8007:
8000:
7995:
7988:
7983:
7976:
7971:
7964:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7947:
7942:
7931:
7927:
7920:
7913:
7908:
7906:
7904:
7897:, p. 24.
7896:
7895:Tartaron 2013
7891:
7885:, p. 96.
7884:
7879:
7872:
7867:
7860:
7859:Chadwick 1976
7855:
7849:, p. 94.
7848:
7843:
7841:
7833:
7828:
7821:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7804:
7799:
7793:
7789:
7788:
7783:
7782:Scott, Robert
7779:
7775:
7766:
7759:
7755:
7754:
7749:
7748:Scott, Robert
7745:
7741:
7732:
7725:
7721:
7720:Chadwick 1976
7716:
7710:, p. 57.
7709:
7704:
7698:, p. 11.
7697:
7692:
7690:
7682:
7681:Chadwick 1976
7677:
7675:
7673:
7671:
7669:
7661:
7656:
7649:
7644:
7637:
7632:
7625:
7620:
7614:, p. 97.
7613:
7608:
7601:
7596:
7594:
7586:
7581:
7574:
7573:Alexakha 2016
7569:
7563:, p. 19.
7562:
7561:Tartaron 2013
7557:
7555:
7548:, p. 49.
7547:
7542:
7535:
7530:
7523:
7518:
7510:
7506:
7499:
7491:
7487:
7480:
7474:, p. 18.
7473:
7472:Tartaron 2013
7468:
7466:
7458:
7453:
7444:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7396:
7390:, p. 20.
7389:
7388:Tartaron 2013
7384:
7378:, p. 32.
7377:
7372:
7366:, p. 33.
7365:
7360:
7353:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7328:
7323:
7321:
7313:
7308:
7306:
7297:
7295:9781948488846
7291:
7287:
7280:
7274:, p. 34.
7273:
7268:
7266:
7258:
7253:
7246:
7241:
7235:, p. 27.
7234:
7229:
7227:
7219:
7214:
7207:
7203:
7198:
7192:, p. 26.
7191:
7186:
7179:
7174:
7167:
7162:
7156:, p. 23.
7155:
7151:
7146:
7139:
7134:
7127:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7111:, p. 53.
7110:
7106:
7101:
7094:
7089:
7082:
7077:
7075:
7067:
7062:
7055:
7050:
7048:
7040:
7035:
7029:, p. 21.
7028:
7027:Tartaron 2013
7023:
7016:
7011:
7009:
7007:
7000:, p. 75.
6999:
6994:
6987:
6982:
6980:
6978:
6971:, p. 28.
6970:
6969:Tartaron 2013
6965:
6959:, p. 55.
6958:
6954:
6949:
6941:
6935:
6931:
6924:
6917:
6912:
6906:, p. 67.
6905:
6900:
6893:
6889:
6884:
6878:, p. 32.
6877:
6872:
6866:, p. 48.
6865:
6860:
6854:, p. 51.
6853:
6848:
6842:, p. 31.
6841:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6822:
6817:
6810:
6806:
6801:
6799:
6791:
6786:
6779:
6774:
6767:
6762:
6755:
6750:
6743:
6738:
6732:, p. 58.
6731:
6726:
6719:
6714:
6707:
6702:
6700:
6692:
6688:
6683:
6676:
6671:
6669:
6661:
6656:
6649:
6644:
6637:
6632:
6630:
6623:, p. 43.
6622:
6621:Beckwith 2009
6617:
6610:
6605:
6598:
6593:
6586:
6585:Chadwick 1976
6581:
6573:
6567:
6560:
6556:
6550:
6543:
6538:
6531:
6527:
6522:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6502:
6495:
6490:
6483:
6478:
6476:
6468:
6464:
6459:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6439:
6424:
6420:
6414:
6407:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6372:
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5444:G2a2b2b1a1a2
5443:
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5294:G2a2a1a2a1a1
5293:
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5268:
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5260:
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4907:
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3632:Homer's Epics
3629:
3625:
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3598:
3594:
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3370:Benaki Museum
3367:
3363:
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3328:
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3224:Sinclair Hood
3221:
3217:
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3209:
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3197:
3194:, Bulls-head
3193:
3189:
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3175:
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3019:
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3014:Classical era
3011:
3007:
3006:crenellations
3003:
2998:
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2990:
2985:
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2824:
2821:signet seal,
2820:
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2796:
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2609:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2562:Mediterranean
2559:
2558:opium poppies
2555:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
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2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1868:
1857:
1852:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:could have a
1820:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:Hattusili III
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
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1698:
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1678:
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1647:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1621:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1582:
1579:in Italy and
1578:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1514:
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1390:
1382:
1377:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1295:
1294:Amenhotep III
1291:
1290:Thutmoses III
1288:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1250:a-ka-wi-ja-de
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1213:Indo-European
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:Indo-European
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1001:
970:
946:
930:
926:
908:
904:
900:
896:
889:
885:
880:
875:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:Mediterranean
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:Mediterranean
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
664:
659:
657:
652:
650:
645:
644:
642:
641:
638:
628:
627:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
570:
569:
558:
555:
549:
546:
540:
537:
530:
526:
522:
519:
513:
510:
504:
501:
495:
492:
486:
483:
477:
474:
468:
465:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:Modern Greece
447:
446:
435:
432:
426:
423:
417:
414:
413:
410:
405:
404:
393:
390:
387:
384:
383:
380:
375:
374:
364:
361:
355:
352:
346:
343:
337:
334:
328:
325:
324:
321:
316:
315:
298:
295:
282:
279:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
248:
247:
240:
237:
236:
233:
228:
227:
223:
219:
218:
215:
209:
208:
203:
198:
197:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
160:
156:
153:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
140:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
102:
98:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
22949:
22789:Chalcolithic
22721:
22712:
22705:
22698:
22691:
22683:
22678:On the Ocean
22676:
22669:
22661:
22658:Literature:
22446:
22428:
22409:
22402:
22392:Aotearoa One
22390:
22383:
22376:
22369:
22357:
22350:
22343:
22336:
22329:
22322:
22315:
22302:
22298:
22290:
22277:Experimental
22245:Museum ships
22212:
22205:
22178:
22150:Phoenician:
22141:
22136:Leontophoros
22134:
22098:Butuan boats
22093:Pontian boat
22031:Dufuna canoe
21970:Shipbuilding
21881:and theories
21851:Boris Rankov
21645:
21578:Economy and
21478:Incendiaries
21325:
21153:
21112:Indus Valley
21080:Tarumanagara
21007:Ubaid period
20925:Wadi al-Jarf
20840:Ostia Antica
20444:Fore-and-aft
20411:Shipbuilding
20386:Carvel built
20368:Construction
20326:Steering oar
20207:Sailing ship
20130:Obelisk ship
20088:Dugout canoe
19923:Coat of arms
19902:Rugby league
19816:Thymiaterion
19650:Contemporary
19638:19th century
19445:Askomandoura
19308:Metsovitikos
19272:Kalamatianos
19223:Church music
19082:Modern Greek
19015:Katharevousa
18994:Romanization
18931:Moschofilero
18845:Taramosalata
18766:Amygdalopita
18666:Spoon sweets
18658:Melomakarona
18580:19th century
18557:Architecture
18529:Tsiknopempti
18355:Clean Monday
18252:Demographics
18213:Athens Metro
18200:Trade unions
18170:Space Agency
18056:Central bank
18050:Central bank
17875:Conservatism
17849:Prostitution
17834:Human rights
17810:universities
17750:Conscription
17406:Constitution
17298:Thracian Sea
17286:Sea of Crete
17062:Thessaloniki
16944:Kastellorizo
16667:royal family
16595:Coups d'état
16590:Colonization
16531:World War II
16452:Stato da Màr
16437:Early modern
16410:Frankokratia
16248:
16176:Basic topics
15917:Dionysopolis
15887:Abonoteichos
15839:Pantikapaion
15429:Hybla Heraea
14765:Architecture
14721:Prostitution
14410:Aristophanes
14269:Philosophers
14239:Philosophers
14071:Spartan army
13802:(280–146 BC)
13790:(338–322 BC)
13784:(370–168 BC)
13772:(374–196 BC)
13766:(378–355 BC)
13748:(430–348 BC)
13742:(478–404 BC)
13736:(499–449 BC)
13423:Peloponnesus
13345:Roman Greece
13319:
13213:. Retrieved
13209:the original
13194:26 September
13192:. Retrieved
13188:the original
13163:. Retrieved
13159:the original
13078:
13074:
13060:(1): 66–76.
13057:
13053:
13033:
13011:
13000:
12981:
12970:
12949:
12937:the original
12919:(1): 43–63.
12916:
12912:
12885:
12851:
12847:
12838:
12818:
12797:
12787:
12767:
12757:
12753:
12720:
12716:
12696:
12675:
12651:
12641:
12637:
12613:
12591:
12570:
12549:
12529:
12495:
12477:
12473:
12450:
12428:
12406:
12385:
12373:the original
12368:
12364:
12347:
12321:
12317:
12292:
12288:
12268:
12247:
12226:
12215:
12181:
12177:
12153:
12127:
12121:
12088:
12084:
12056:
12042:. Retrieved
12038:the original
12013:
11992:
11971:
11956:
11945:
11924:
11903:
11890:. Retrieved
11885:
11881:
11854:
11828:
11824:
11815:
11805:
11794:
11773:
11763:
11744:
11720:
11694:
11690:
11670:
11618:
11612:
11557:
11551:
11504:
11498:
11443:
11437:
11404:
11373:
11352:
11339:. Retrieved
11334:
11310:
11289:
11269:
11248:
11244:
11225:
11201:
11181:
11158:
11133:
11112:
11086:
11082:
11070:. Retrieved
11066:
11043:
11010:
11006:
10996:
10954:
10950:
10930:
10920:
10900:
10865:
10830:
10809:
10789:
10768:
10744:
10726:
10722:
10713:
10707:(29): 77–92.
10704:
10691:
10687:
10664:
10643:
10633:
10590:
10584:
10559:
10545:
10541:
10517:
10496:
10474:
10452:
10431:
10413:
10387:
10367:
10346:
10325:
10307:
10303:
10283:
10249:
10245:
10232:
10228:
10204:
10169:
10152:
10136:
10112:
10101:
10092:
10082:
10046:
10007:
9995:. Retrieved
9991:
9981:
9969:. Retrieved
9965:
9955:
9943:. Retrieved
9939:
9930:
9883:
9879:
9869:
9844:
9840:
9830:
9813:
9791:
9785:
9776:
9770:
9758:
9735:
9728:. Retrieved
9725:academia.edu
9724:
9714:
9702:
9690:
9683:Sansone 2004
9678:
9673:, p. 7.
9666:
9661:, p. 2.
9629:(in Greek).
9626:
9620:
9608:. Retrieved
9603:
9594:
9582:. Retrieved
9577:
9568:
9556:. Retrieved
9551:
9525:. Retrieved
9522:Live Science
9521:
9511:
9482:
9470:
9458:
9446:
9439:Anthony 2007
9430:
9418:
9406:
9399:Hammond 1967
9394:
9382:
9366:
9354:
9347:Taylour 1970
9343:Taylour 1969
9338:
9322:
9311:
9300:
9288:
9280:
9275:
9263:
9251:
9239:
9227:
9219:
9211:
9180:
9153:
9149:
9139:
9127:
9111:
9099:
9087:
9075:
9063:
9051:
9039:
9027:
9011:
8991:, p. 7.
8984:
8972:
8965:Palaima 1999
8960:
8931:
8915:
8903:
8891:
8884:Iacovou 2013
8879:
8867:
8838:
8814:, p. 46
8807:
8802:, p. 45
8795:
8783:
8771:
8766:, p. 21
8759:
8724:25 September
8722:. Retrieved
8711:
8699:
8694:, p. 19
8670:
8620:
8608:
8596:
8569:
8562:Mylonas 1966
8557:
8545:
8538:Mylonas 1966
8517:
8505:
8493:
8486:Nilsson 1967
8481:
8469:
8464:, p. 95
8444:
8440:
8436:
8429:Nilsson 1967
8424:
8417:Nilsson 1940
8412:
8385:25 September
8383:. Retrieved
8372:
8360:
8348:
8336:
8324:
8312:
8285:. Retrieved
8268:
8256:. Retrieved
8246:
8234:. Retrieved
8224:
8212:
8196:
8184:. Retrieved
8180:the original
8170:
8158:
8147:Ridgway 1992
8138:
8111:Taylour 1958
8107:Ridgway 1992
8102:
8078:
8066:
8054:
8042:
8018:
8006:
7994:
7982:
7970:
7941:
7925:
7919:
7890:
7878:
7873:, p. 6.
7866:
7854:
7827:
7805:, p. 7.
7798:
7785:
7765:
7751:
7731:
7715:
7703:
7655:
7643:
7631:
7619:
7607:
7602:, p. 9.
7585:Freeman 2014
7580:
7568:
7541:
7534:Mylonas 1966
7529:
7522:Mylonas 1966
7517:
7508:
7498:
7489:
7479:
7452:
7443:
7410:
7406:
7395:
7383:
7371:
7359:
7352:Freeman 2014
7285:
7279:
7252:
7240:
7213:
7197:
7185:
7173:
7161:
7145:
7133:
7128:, p. 6.
7100:
7088:
7061:
7034:
7022:
7017:, p. 8.
6993:
6964:
6948:
6929:
6923:
6911:
6899:
6883:
6871:
6859:
6847:
6816:
6785:
6778:Sergent 1982
6773:
6761:
6749:
6737:
6725:
6713:
6708:, p. 4.
6682:
6655:
6643:
6616:
6604:
6592:
6580:
6566:
6558:
6549:
6537:
6526:Peruzzi 1980
6521:
6501:
6489:
6458:
6451:Glykys Limin
6450:
6443:Hammond 1976
6438:
6426:. Retrieved
6422:
6413:
6353:Knodell 2021
6316:Submycenaean
6273:
6264:
5951:HV4a1+16291
3906:
3898:
3788:
3768:
3745:
3739:
3732:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3698:
3694:
3680:
3668:Roman period
3661:
3650:
3643:
3621:
3563:
3525:
3496:
3442:
3433:bull leaping
3426:
3409:
3398:
3375:
3340:
3322:
3295:
3279:stirrup jars
3271:
3216:Minoan seals
3204:Theseus Ring
3200:Nestor's Cup
3181:
3167:bull-leaping
3155:
3126:
3117:
3112:
3098:
3060:
3050:
3022:
3009:
2994:
2993:
2962:
2934:
2923:
2891:
2866:Architecture
2859:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2839:
2835:
2818:
2779:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2600:
2552:
2525:
2502:
2478:
2446:
2442:
2410:
2406:shipbuilding
2382:
2373:
2362:
2359:Organization
2341:stirrup vase
2298:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2220:
2202:
2200:
2155:
2146:
2129:
2117:
2107:
2066:
2061:
2058:Ramesses III
2034:
2030:
1986:
1963:
1936:
1924:
1904:
1896:
1872:
1869:from Mycenae
1856:Warrior Vase
1816:
1762:
1748:
1744:
1726:
1724:
1708:
1639:
1617:
1565:
1539:
1519:
1515:
1489:, including
1460:
1444:
1429:Minoan Crete
1418:
1386:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1324:
1307:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1217:
1198:Greek speech
1182:decipherment
1179:
971:
947:
902:
892:
827:
820:
782:
702:Minoan Crete
692:in mainland
677:
673:
672:
599:Constitution
363:Roman Greece
296:
29:
23064:Kura–Araxes
22995:Tarim Basin
22880:Elp culture
22685:Argonautica
22672:(Herodotus)
22635:Flood myths
22532:Museums and
22476:conferences
22441:Vital Alsar
22279:archaeology
22088:Austronesia
22081:Hjortspring
22076:Rochelongue
22026:Pesse canoe
21980:Ship burial
21965:Sea Peoples
21898:Lighthouses
21893:Grave goods
21841:George Bass
21621:Spice trade
21218:exploration
21040:Philippines
21035:Austronesia
21028:Old Kingdom
20905:Trincomalee
20855:Prosphorion
20800:Myos Hormos
20644:Micronesian
20635:By region:
20607:Lighthouses
20415:By region:
20180:Quinquereme
20105:Kunlun ship
20098:Penteconter
20083:Dragon boat
19782:Bellerephon
19729:Mount Athos
19656:Fairy tales
19620:(Timeline:
19613:Drosoulites
19608:Catholicism
19391:Heptanesian
19332:Pyrrhichios
19328:Proskinitos
19284:Kerkiraikos
19280:Kastorianos
19268:Ikariotikos
19248:Dionysiakos
19240:Antikristos
19236:Angaliastos
19148:Place names
19074:Koine Greek
19023:Cappadocian
18978:Orthography
18887:Agiorgitiko
18865:Heptanesean
18863:Varieties (
18849:Tirokafteri
18822:Restaurants
18792:Greek salad
18782:Spanakopita
18654:Loukoumades
18650:Kourabiedes
18646:Koulourakia
18539:Worry beads
18455:Theophany's
18441:Hospitality
18345:Anastenaria
18312:Slavophones
18279:Immigration
18125:Laiki agora
18076:Debt crisis
18026:Agriculture
17917:Megali Idea
17909:Nationalism
17844:LGBT rights
17654:Coast Guard
17638:Greek mafia
17510:Legislature
17336:earthquakes
17319:Environment
17294:Myrtoan Sea
17290:Icarian Sea
17094:Peloponnese
16748:Place names
16673:Phanariotes
16639:Proto-Greek
16600:Demographic
16501:World War I
16496:Balkan Wars
16444:(post-1453)
16354:Middle Ages
16065:Place names
15977:Salmydessus
15799:Kalos Limen
15779:Chersonesus
15769:Borysthenes
15474:Tauromenion
15286:Metapontion
15048:Proto-Greek
15001:Erechtheion
14996:Athena Nike
14958:Philippeion
14787:Mathematics
14758:and science
14641:Agriculture
14505:Stesichorus
14415:Bacchylides
14405:Archilochus
14292:Antisthenes
14282:Anaximander
14254:Seven Sages
14244:Playwrights
14224:Geographers
14219:Astronomers
14046:Pezhetairos
13673: 1100
13653:Federations
13552:Megalopolis
13489:City states
13464:City states
13054:Archaeology
10957:: 101–187.
10075:pp. 233–241
9992:LiveScience
9671:Hansen 2004
9475:Kelder 2010
9268:French 1971
9044:Fields 2004
9032:Howard 2011
9004:Howard 2011
8989:Howard 2011
8908:Fields 2004
8896:Kelder 2010
8860:Fields 2004
8831:Fields 2004
8812:Fields 2004
8800:Fields 2004
8788:Fields 2004
8776:Kelder 2010
8764:Fields 2004
8752:Kelder 2010
8720:. Ethnos.gr
8692:Fields 2004
8341:Kelder 2010
8305:Kelder 2010
8115:Fisher 1998
7987:Petrie 1894
7946:Kelder 2010
7912:Kelder 2010
7708:Fields 2004
7696:Kelder 2010
7660:Thomas 1995
7648:Kelder 2010
7636:Kelder 2010
7624:Kelder 2010
7612:Kelder 2010
7600:Kelder 2010
7376:Kelder 2010
7364:Kelder 2010
7272:Kelder 2010
7233:Kelder 2010
7206:Kelder 2010
7190:Kelder 2010
7154:Kelder 2010
7138:Kelder 2010
7109:Fields 2004
7105:Kelder 2010
7093:Kelder 2010
7081:Kelder 2010
7039:Kelder 2010
7015:Kelder 2010
6790:Wright 2008
6742:Latacz 2004
6718:Latacz 2004
6691:Latacz 2004
6687:Kelder 2010
6675:Kelder 2010
6648:Latacz 2004
6636:Latacz 2004
6609:Latacz 2004
6597:Latacz 2004
6542:Morris 1996
6406:Fields 2004
6296:Alice Kober
6237: 1150
6233: 1175
6207: 1150
6203: 1175
6177: 1150
6173: 1175
6147: 1150
6143: 1175
6117: 1070
6113: 1200
6087: 1070
6083: 1200
6057: 1070
6053: 1200
6027: 1200
6023: 1300
5997: 1200
5993: 1300
5967: 1200
5963: 1300
5937: 1200
5933: 1300
5907: 1200
5903: 1300
5877: 1200
5873: 1300
5847: 1200
5843: 1300
5817: 1200
5813: 1300
5787: 1200
5783: 1300
5757: 1250
5753: 1300
5727: 1250
5723: 1300
5697: 1250
5693: 1300
5667: 1250
5663: 1300
5654:J2a/J2a1a~
5637: 1250
5633: 1300
5607: 1250
5603: 1300
5577: 1250
5573: 1300
5547: 1250
5543: 1300
5517: 1250
5513: 1300
5487: 1150
5483: 1350
5457: 1150
5453: 1350
5427: 1150
5423: 1350
5397: 1250
5393: 1350
5367: 1250
5363: 1350
5337: 1070
5333: 1360
5307: 1295
5303: 1360
5277: 1295
5273: 1360
5247: 1295
5243: 1360
5217: 1112
5213: 1367
5187: 1123
5183: 1371
5157: 1200
5153: 1375
5127: 1200
5123: 1375
5097: 1200
5093: 1375
5067: 1375
5041: 1134
5037: 1382
5011: 1217
5007: 1386
4981: 1222
4977: 1394
4951: 1222
4947: 1397
4921: 1300
4917: 1400
4891: 1300
4887: 1400
4861: 1300
4857: 1400
4831: 1300
4827: 1400
4801: 1300
4797: 1400
4771: 1229
4767: 1403
4741: 1233
4737: 1403
4711: 1360
4707: 1410
4681: 1262
4677: 1411
4651: 1280
4647: 1416
4621: 1313
4617: 1421
4591: 1293
4587: 1424
4561: 1293
4557: 1429
4531: 1299
4527: 1440
4501: 1316
4497: 1497
4471: 1500
4445: 1500
4419: 1425
4415: 1504
4389: 1429
4385: 1505
4359: 1436
4355: 1516
4329: 1440
4325: 1520
4299: 1438
4295: 1596
4269: 1446
4265: 1609
4239: 1448
4235: 1610
4209: 1452
4205: 1611
4179: 1457
4175: 1611
4149: 1452
4145: 1612
4119: 1503
4115: 1613
4089: 1508
4085: 1626
4059: 1518
4055: 1626
4029: 1200
4025: 1700
3999: 1200
3995: 1700
3969: 1450
3965: 1700
3921: 1300
3914:Corded Ware
3850: 1340
3846: 1370
3683:Sea Peoples
3664:engineering
3607: 1900
3516: 1400
3236: 1450
3198:, and gold
3141: 1450
3056: 2000
3008:. The term
2749:wa-na-ka-te
2707:Po-ti-ni-ja
2696:Di-wo-nu-so
2628:(Linear B:
2413:Peloponnese
2352: 1400
2270:ke-ro-si-ja
2262:da-mo-ko-ro
2231:Enkhelyawon
2097: 1400
2056:by Pharaoh
2050:Sea Peoples
1982:Porto Rafti
1978: 1210
1804:Piyama-Radu
1734: 1400
1705:throne room
1673:Peloponnese
1447:shaft grave
1436: 1700
1301: 1390
1109: 1200
1063: 1400
1009: 1750
1000:–1050 BC).
998: 1200
991: 1400
984: 1750
977: 1750
969:–1000 BC).
967: 1050
960: 1420
953: 1700
943: 1700
936: 1750
921: 2000
914: 3200
850:Sea Peoples
726:Peloponnese
579:Agriculture
551:(1967-1974)
542:(1946-1949)
533:(1941-1944)
529:Free Greece
515:(1936-1941)
506:(1924-1935)
479:(1822-1832)
470:(1821-1829)
461:(1800-1807)
437:(1371-1912)
428:(1363-1797)
419:(1205-1667)
395:(1204-1579)
211:History of
185:Followed by
167:Preceded by
112:Major sites
90: 1750
23124:Categories
23094:Jar-Burial
23040:Bronze Age
22920:Late Jomon
22797:Bronze Age
22779:Bronze Age
22694:(Polybius)
22338:Hawaiʻiloa
22220:Nemi ships
22105:Black Sea
22051:Khufu ship
22012:and relics
21910:Marine art
21903:Alexandria
21810:Fik Meijer
21793:Historians
21680:Indo-Roman
21493:Greek navy
21395:Salamis II
21385:Hellespont
21345:Artemisium
21335:Nile Delta
21298:Achaemenid
21191:Achaemenid
21060:Langkasuka
21055:Micronesia
20973:Prehistory
20900:Sounagoura
20728:Chittagong
20703:Barbarikon
20682:Alexandria
20624:Pilot boat
20574:Navigation
20406:Sewn-plank
20401:Lashed-lug
20279:Figurehead
20252:Components
20221:Propulsion
20175:Quadrireme
20156:Polyremes
20135:Outriggers
19879:Ice hockey
19859:Basketball
19826:Vrykolakas
19694:Hypertimos
19533:Tambourine
19465:Macedonian
19411:Thessalian
19395:Macedonian
19379:Folk music
19356:Tsakonikos
19304:Maniatikos
19300:Leventikos
19232:Ai Georgis
19205:Corruption
19195:Television
19190:Newspapers
19134:Macedonian
19114:Arvanitika
19088:Literature
18982:Diacritics
18923:Malagousia
18919:Mandilaria
18915:Mavrodafni
18877:Macedonian
18778:Karydopita
18740:Kefalotyri
18724:Anthotyros
18670:Vasilopita
18636:Desserts (
18576:Modern art
18495:Philosophy
18451:New Year's
18381:Fustanella
18300:Aromanians
18284:Minorities
18273:the Greeks
18105:Euro coins
17953:Trotskyism
17903:Venizelism
17895:Liberalism
17879:Monarchism
17868:Ideologies
17816:Healthcare
17629:Corruption
17476:Government
17342:Ecoregions
17309:Libyan Sea
17304:Ionian Sea
17282:Aegean Sea
17234:Peninsulas
17010:Chalkidiki
16966:Thesprotia
16892:Astypalaia
16888:Agathonisi
16884:Dodecanese
16737:co-capital
16441:Modern era
16390:Iconoclasm
16357:(330–1453)
16229:Pelasgians
16224:Bronze Age
16208:Prehistory
15967:Polemonion
15844:Phanagoria
15814:Kimmerikon
15809:Kerkinitis
15794:Hermonassa
15784:Dioscurias
15680:Aspalathos
15627:Kalathousa
15602:Akra Leuke
15531:Phoenicusa
15316:Scylletium
15301:Poseidonia
15221:Brentesion
15108:Pamphylian
15103:Macedonian
15021:Samothrace
15006:Hephaestus
14953:Long Walls
14932:Structures
14873:Underworld
14819:Technology
14782:Literature
14716:Philosophy
14681:Euergetism
14570:By culture
14515:Thucydides
14357:Pythagoras
14352:Protagoras
14342:Parmenides
14327:Heraclitus
14312:Empedocles
14302:Democritus
14287:Anaximenes
14277:Anaxagoras
14229:Historians
13722: 595
13709: 550
13690: 800
13675: – c.
13603:Cappadocia
13408:Ionian Sea
13398:Hellespont
13363:Aegean Sea
13215:2 December
13165:19 October
12644:: 151–171.
11892:14 October
11191:0140561420
11089:: 77–105.
10235:: 137–209.
10123:... Fig. 4
9527:5 February
9504:Hruby 2017
9387:Pelon 1976
9375:Alden 2000
9116:Cline 2012
8953:Cline 2012
8936:Cline 2012
8924:Shear 2000
8872:Tandy 2001
8704:Cline 2012
8675:Olsen 2014
8663:Olsen 2015
8625:Evans 1930
8435:, p. 88: "
8287:19 January
8258:19 January
8236:19 January
8217:Feuer 2004
8201:Budin 2009
8186:9 February
8127:Feuer 2004
8087:Feuer 2004
8059:Cline 2007
8047:Cline 2007
8027:Kling 1989
7999:Cline 2012
7963:Cline 2007
7883:Budin 2009
7871:Olsen 2014
7847:Budin 2009
7832:Cline 2012
7820:Cline 2012
7803:Olsen 2014
7546:Drews 1993
7457:Cline 2014
7312:Cline 2014
7257:Bryce 2005
7245:Bryce 2005
7218:Bryce 2005
7202:Bryce 2005
7178:Bryce 2005
7166:Bryce 2005
7150:Bryce 2005
7054:Bryce 2005
6766:Burns 2010
6754:Bryce 2005
6730:Bryce 2005
6467:Borza 1992
6447:Tandy 2001
6322:References
6235: – c.
6205: – c.
6175: – c.
6145: – c.
6115: – c.
6085: – c.
6074:R1b1a1b2a
6055: – c.
6025: – c.
5995: – c.
5965: – c.
5935: – c.
5905: – c.
5875: – c.
5845: – c.
5815: – c.
5785: – c.
5755: – c.
5725: – c.
5695: – c.
5665: – c.
5635: – c.
5605: – c.
5575: – c.
5564:E1b1b1a1b
5545: – c.
5515: – c.
5485: – c.
5455: – c.
5425: – c.
5395: – c.
5365: – c.
5335: – c.
5321:J1c+16261
5305: – c.
5275: – c.
5245: – c.
5215: – c.
5185: – c.
5155: – c.
5125: – c.
5095: – c.
5039: – c.
5009: – c.
4979: – c.
4949: – c.
4919: – c.
4889: – c.
4859: – c.
4829: – c.
4799: – c.
4769: – c.
4739: – c.
4709: – c.
4679: – c.
4649: – c.
4619: – c.
4589: – c.
4559: – c.
4529: – c.
4499: – c.
4417: – c.
4387: – c.
4357: – c.
4327: – c.
4297: – c.
4267: – c.
4237: – c.
4207: – c.
4177: – c.
4147: – c.
4117: – c.
4087: – c.
4057: – c.
4027: – c.
3997: – c.
3967: – c.
3884:ancestry (
3872:ancestry (
3848: – c.
3756:Phoenician
3628:Epic Cycle
3352:zoomorphic
3299:ka-ra-re-u
3283:alabastron
3158:Minoan art
2852:Key-bearer
2829:(drawing).
2768:Daily life
2757:Persephone
2745:wa-na-ssoi
2688:a-ti-mi-te
2684:a-te-mi-to
2672:Hephaestus
2630:Po-se-da-o
2572:See also:
2450:Canaanites
2339:Mycenaean
2257:prokoreter
2003:See also:
1971:Dodecanese
1887:Orchomenos
1831:Tawagalawa
1819:Trojan War
1780:Madduwatta
1689:Orchomenos
1620:Asia Minor
1606:Mycenaean
1487:Asia Minor
1360:Sea People
1351:ethnonym,
1224:Trojan War
1154:See also:
1111:–1050 BC)
1065:–1200 BC)
1011:–1400 BC)
868:Chronology
768:, and on
766:Asia Minor
762:Aegean Sea
730:Orchomenos
704:and other
682:Bronze Age
239:Pelasgians
128:Orchomenos
92: – c.
77:Bronze Age
23005:Trzciniec
22707:Geography
22645:Gilgamesh
22534:memorials
22458:Viracocha
22371:Faʻafaite
22324:Sarimanok
22230:Yassi Ada
22143:Syracusia
22066:Canaanite
22041:Moor Sand
21511:By region
21473:Grappling
21445:Naulochus
21435:Myonessus
21390:Echinades
21375:Arginusae
21370:Cynossema
21355:Naupactus
21350:Eurymedon
21184:Classical
21159:Phoenicia
21154:Mycenaean
21117:Tamilakam
21100:Polynesia
21090:Srivijaya
20885:Satingpra
20845:Palembang
20829:Cattigara
20771:(Kadaram)
20754:Jambukola
20748:Guangzhou
20689:(Podouke)
20687:Arikamedu
20649:Polynesia
20582:Celestial
20495:Armaments
20481:Spritsail
20439:Crab claw
20381:Careening
20348:Sternpost
20202:Reed boat
20145:Catamaran
20120:Multihull
19821:Name days
19734:Mythology
19622:Antiquity
19541:Tsampouna
19529:Tambouras
19505:Pan flute
19435:Skyladiko
19399:Nisiotika
19364:Zeibekiko
19324:Pentozali
19316:Palamakia
19296:Pidikhtos
19256:Gaitanaki
19126:Bulgarian
19118:Aromanian
19047:Tsakonian
18998:Greeklish
18962:Languages
18951:Xinomavro
18943:Savatiano
18903:Kotsifali
18895:Assyrtiko
18841:Skordalia
18816:Hilopites
18752:Metsovone
18710:Tsikoudia
18698:Sideritis
18524:Theophany
18447:Christmas
18431:Greektown
18416:Festivals
18401:Tsarouchi
18296:Arvanites
18095:renewable
18066:Companies
18040:companies
17959:Anarchism
17945:Socialism
17820:hospitals
17806:Education
17740:Alliances
17735:Air Force
17649:Terrorism
17560:Parataxis
17547:Elections
17537:Presidium
17486:President
17464:Executive
17244:Volcanoes
17216:Mountains
17106:Corinthia
17006:Macedonia
17000:Zakynthos
16984:Kefalonia
16904:Karpathos
16870:Santorini
16820:Heraklion
16802:Phthiotis
16794:Evrytania
16778:Acarnania
16706:Geography
16576:Byzantine
16536:Civil war
16339:Roman era
16264:Antiquity
16053:in Epirus
16002:Trapezous
15947:Mesambria
15932:Eupatoria
15902:Apollonia
15897:Anchialos
15859:Theodosia
15829:Nymphaion
15819:Myrmekion
15789:Gorgippia
15745:Black Sea
15730:Tragurion
15715:Nymphaion
15700:Epidauros
15695:Epidamnos
15685:Apollonia
15662:Zacynthos
15584:Ptolemais
15578:Apollonia
15551:Cyrenaica
15541:Therassía
15536:Strongyle
15516:Ereikousa
15439:Leontinoi
15379:Apollonia
15256:Hipponion
15053:Mycenaean
15016:Parthenon
14948:Lion Gate
14851:Mythology
14814:Sculpture
14777:Astronomy
14711:Pederasty
14686:Festivals
14671:Education
14551:Lawgivers
14520:Timocreon
14500:Sophocles
14495:Simonides
14470:Philocles
14465:Panyassis
14460:Mimnermus
14425:Herodotus
14420:Euripides
14390:Aeschylus
14337:Leucippus
14297:Aristotle
14076:Strategos
13942:Synedrion
13896:Ostracism
13876:Areopagus
13828:Free city
13623:Macedonia
13507:Byzantion
13413:Macedonia
13378:Cyrenaica
13355:Geography
13289:Geography
13111:154059624
13103:0165-0009
12876:194070218
12745:191376388
12338:163471174
12318:Antiquity
12309:246044998
12289:Antiquity
12206:165510271
12113:162244841
12105:0395-2649
11888:: 367–378
11845:161197955
11711:154807613
11661:255941038
11635:2397-334X
11600:251843620
11574:0036-8075
11468:0028-0836
11335:CDL Press
11162:. BRILL.
11103:163130464
11035:191350824
10987:194064357
10971:0068-2454
10885:cite book
10850:cite book
10607:0092-8674
10422:1570-7008
10274:235554972
10053:, Fig. 1D
9900:0003-5548
9853:0003-3219
9327:Hood 1978
9185:Hood 1978
9172:236973111
9132:Hood 1978
7724:pp. 71–72
7435:0037-1106
6327:Citations
6071:N1a1a1a3
5714:J2a1a1a2
5621:HV1a'b'c
4848:J2a1a1a2
4548:J2a1a1a2
4253:T2c1+146
3941:Location
3583:known as
3405:Epidauros
3178:Metalwork
3105:logistics
3010:Cyclopean
2996:Cyclopean
2957:Lion Gate
2753:Pe-re-swa
2588:Phylakopi
2494:Black Sea
2490:Bosphorus
2474:olive oil
2466:Egyptians
2462:Assyrians
2398:Euonymeia
2354:–1300 BC)
2266:damokoros
2210:lāwāgetas
2114:mythology
1947:Levantine
1900:Lion Gate
1796:Babylonia
1772:Attarsiya
1507:Palestine
1391:from the
1231:ethnonyms
1119:Dates BC
1073:Dates BC
1019:Dates BC
884:Lion Gate
858:mythology
758:Macedonia
609:Ethnonyms
539:Civil War
101:Type site
23111:Iron Age
23079:Trialeti
23074:Colchian
22723:Tākitimu
22626:Legend:
22584:Roskilde
22463:Tangaroa
22404:Olympias
22378:Gaualofa
22317:Hōkūleʻa
22292:Kon-Tiki
22125:Ashkelon
22061:Uluburun
22020:Earliest
21786:Scholars
21668:shipping
21468:Boarding
21380:Mytilene
21365:Syracuse
21330:Alashiya
21293:Egyptian
21277:Military
21268:Timeline
21246:Sardinia
21169:Carthage
21085:Kalingga
21045:Sa Huỳnh
20980:Timeline
20930:Zanzibar
20880:Sarapion
20875:Rhacotis
20805:Martaban
20750:(Canton)
20743:Godavaya
20738:Giao Chỉ
20708:Barygaza
20698:Avalites
20619:Piloting
20507:Catapult
20502:Ballista
20476:Mast-aft
20289:Planking
20228:Paddling
20185:Hexareme
20150:Trimaran
20115:Longship
20063:Balangay
19978:Category
19869:Football
19854:Baseball
19770:Daedalus
19754:Odysseus
19750:Heracles
19689:Hinduism
19603:Buddhism
19577:and lore
19575:Religion
19555:Rebetiko
19525:Souravli
19521:Santouri
19513:Psaltery
19509:Phorminx
19481:Floghera
19469:Politiki
19453:Bouzouki
19415:Thracian
19374:Éntekhno
19360:Tsamikos
19320:Partalos
19288:Kleistos
19264:Hasapiko
19252:Fisounis
19185:Internet
19157:Proverbs
19096:Medieval
19019:dialects
19002:numerals
18927:Malvasia
18859:Souvlaki
18853:Tzatziki
18839:Sauces (
18812:Flomaria
18786:Tiropita
18770:Bougatsa
18756:Mizithra
18744:Ladotyri
18732:Graviera
18706:Tsipouro
18694:Rakomelo
18680:Drinks (
18631:Tsoureki
18627:Paximadi
18619:Kritsini
18613:Breads (
18445:Carols (
18421:Folklore
18397:Perizoma
18385:Himation
18350:Caryatid
18260:Diaspora
18180:Taxation
18160:Shipping
18150:Rankings
18140:Railways
18120:Highways
18031:Airports
17949:Laocracy
17939:Pacifism
17935:Feminism
17889:Metaxism
17801:Cannabis
17796:Abortion
17727:Military
17712:Treaties
17707:Passport
17612:Security
17394:Politics
17228:Rhodopes
17148:Sporades
17140:Magnesia
17132:Karditsa
17128:Thessaly
17114:Messenia
17030:Kastoria
16958:Ioannina
16900:Kalymnos
16834:Cyclades
16824:Rethymno
16717:Overview
16659:Monarchy
16654:Military
16610:Economic
16560:By topic
16102:Category
16080:Theatres
16007:Tripolis
15942:Kerasous
15937:Heraclea
15869:Tyritake
15824:Nikonion
15735:Thronion
15657:Salauris
15612:Emporion
15569:Berenice
15559:Balagrae
15511:Euonymos
15484:Tyndaris
15469:Syracuse
15464:Selinous
15434:Kamarina
15389:Casmenae
15374:Akrillai
15291:Neápolis
15226:Caulonia
15207:Mainland
15138:Linear B
15133:Linear A
15063:Dialects
15040:Language
14834:Religion
14792:Medicine
14726:Religion
14691:Folklore
14676:Emporium
14651:Clothing
14646:Calendar
14530:Xenophon
14525:Tyrtaeus
14510:Theognis
14485:Polybius
14480:Plutarch
14455:Menander
14435:Hipponax
14362:Socrates
14317:Epicurus
14163:Diadochi
14061:Sciritae
14021:Hetairoi
13996:Ballista
13961:Military
13924:Gerousia
13914:Ekklesia
13881:Ecclesia
13863:Athenian
13811:Politics
13724:–279 BC)
13711:–366 BC)
13692:–389 BC)
13628:Pergamon
13598:Bithynia
13591:Kingdoms
13532:Pergamon
13474:Military
13469:Politics
13266:Timeline
13066:41663738
12673:(2002).
12474:Hesperia
12079:(1982).
12044:15 April
11825:Arethusa
11653:36646948
11592:36007055
11583:10064553
11539:36007020
11530:10019558
11486:28783727
11432:(2017).
11341:18 March
11180:(1978).
10979:30103231
10766:(1993).
10625:33930288
10556:(1976).
9997:5 August
9971:5 August
9940:phys.org
9908:25065118
9730:30 March
8443:, later
8437:Pa-ja-wo
8281:Archived
6285:See also
6251:H+16291
6134:R1b1a1b
6104:R1b1a1b
5804:G2a2b2a
5684:R1b1a1b
5174:R1b1a1b
5081:U5a1d2b
4845:K1a+195
4578:R1b1a1b
4433:U8b1a2b
4283:U8b1a2b
3775:Cycladic
3771:Helladic
3752:Egyptian
3585:Linear B
3577:Linear A
3552:Linear B
3500:"tholos"
3415:Frescoes
3372:, Athens
3305:khlareus
3121:chariots
3101:Linear B
3018:Cyclopes
2930:propylon
2920:of Pylos
2845:Religion
2692:Dionysos
2668:Enyalios
2664:Enyalios
2660:Qo-wi-ja
2656:epithets
2646:Pa-ja-wo
2634:chthonic
2626:Poseidon
2568:Religion
2544:Cornwall
2517:Sardinia
2511:and the
2454:Kassites
2394:Uluburun
2281:basileus
2275:gerousía
2242:ko-re-te
2142:Nauplion
2074:Harappan
2054:defeated
1967:Cyclades
1945:and the
1939:Messenia
1915:Assyrian
1835:Eteocles
1749:Achaeans
1745:Ahhiyawa
1727:Ahhiyawa
1701:Thessaly
1596:Linear A
1592:Linear B
1471:Akrotiri
1463:Cyclades
1414:Linear B
1348:Ahhiyawa
1343:Ahhiyawa
1331:Anatolia
1327:Hittites
1305:ethnonym
1268:T(D)-n-j
1234:Achaeans
1186:Linear B
1150:Identity
797:Linear B
750:Thessaly
676:(or the
619:Military
614:Language
584:Alphabet
297:Mycenean
265:Cycladic
202:a series
200:Part of
155:Linear B
67:Anatolia
22663:Odyssey
22640:Genesis
22437:Others
22236:Lists:
22225:Marausa
22175:Roman:
22165:Punic:
22130:Kyrenia
22121:Greek:
22117:Marsala
22110:Sinop D
21985:Tacking
21719:History
21606:Meluhha
21596:Fishing
21591:Whaling
21498:Ramming
21420:Aegates
21415:Drepana
21410:Ecnomus
21340:Salamis
21328:
21318:Battles
21196:Nabatea
21179:Archaic
21149:Nuragic
21139:Somalia
20990:Oceania
20985:Britain
20962:History
20895:Socotra
20865:Qandala
20850:Piraeus
20820:Muziris
20790:Madurai
20785:Manthai
20723:Canopus
20693:Arsinoe
20665:harbors
20614:History
20602:Coastal
20532:Sambuca
20517:Dolphin
20431:Rigging
20243:Poling
20233:Sailing
20170:Trireme
20110:Liburna
20073:Coracle
20043:Vessels
19911:Symbols
19864:Cricket
19811:Sikhism
19806:Psychai
19790:Centaur
19778:Theseus
19774:Orpheus
19766:Perseus
19762:Oedipus
19708:History
19704:Judaism
19588:Origins
19545:Tympano
19537:Trigono
19517:Salpinx
19477:Crotala
19421:Hip Hop
19387:Epirote
19340:Sirtaki
19276:Kangeli
19260:Geranos
19152:exonyms
19142:Turkish
19092:Ancient
19062:History
19051:Yevanic
19031:Cypriot
19011:Demotic
18986:Braille
18974:History
18935:Retsina
18907:Lesbian
18873:Epirote
18834:Taverna
18826:Kafenio
18806:Pasta (
18748:Manouri
18736:Kasseri
18720:Cheeses
18702:Tentura
18682:Mastika
18662:Pasteli
18615:Daktyla
18606:Cuisine
18590:Ancient
18586:Theatre
18561:Castles
18508:Ohi Day
18476:Paideia
18466:Mountza
18373:Chlamys
18337:Culture
18241:Society
18195:Tourism
18144:history
18099:nuclear
18086:Drachma
18046:Banking
18015:Economy
17885:Fascism
17828:smoking
17824:obesity
17765:Evzones
17526:Speaker
17471:Cabinet
17425:, 2019)
17357:Mammals
17352:Forests
17327:Climate
17220:Olympus
17198:Islands
17193:Geology
17176:Terrain
17162:Rhodope
17144:Trikala
17136:Larissa
17110:Laconia
17102:Argolis
17098:Arcadia
17026:Imathia
17022:Grevena
17018:Florina
16992:Lefkada
16988:Kythira
16962:Preveza
16924:Nisyros
16916:Leipsoi
16858:Mykonos
16850:Kythnos
16828:Lasithi
16786:Boeotia
16774:Aetolia
16758:Regions
16733:capital
16724:Borders
16491:Kingdom
16196:History
16122:Outline
16075:Temples
16012:Zaliche
15992:Thèrmae
15982:Sesamus
15952:Odessos
15927:Cytorus
15922:Cotyora
15672:Illyria
15637:Mainake
15632:Kypsela
15521:Hycesia
15479:Thermae
15459:Segesta
15449:Messana
15404:Helorus
15384:Calacte
15364:Akragas
15326:Sybaris
15311:Rhegion
15266:Krimisa
15216:Alision
15125:Writing
15098:Locrian
15088:Epirote
15058:Homeric
14991:Artemis
14978:Temples
14919:Olympia
14889:Eleusis
14824:Theatre
14809:Pottery
14736:Warfare
14731:Slavery
14666:Economy
14661:Cuisine
14656:Coinage
14633:Society
14618:Culture
14613:Society
14561:Tyrants
14400:Alcaeus
14382:Authors
14332:Hypatia
14322:Gorgias
14259:Writers
14081:Toxotai
14051:Sarissa
14041:Peltast
14036:Phalanx
14016:Hoplite
14011:Hippeis
13934:Macedon
13906:Spartan
13891:Heliaia
13838:Proxeny
13547:Larissa
13542:Kerkyra
13537:Eretria
13527:Miletus
13522:Ephesus
13517:Corinth
13512:Chalcis
13433:Taurica
13303:Periods
13284:History
13083:Bibcode
12921:Bibcode
12365:Aegaeum
11644:9911347
11553:Science
11509:Bibcode
11500:Science
11477:5565772
11448:Bibcode
11156:(ed.).
11072:4 April
10616:8127963
10254:Bibcode
10195:Sources
10162:Data S1
10093:Science
9945:28 July
9861:2672905
9814:Biblica
9610:3 March
9584:3 March
9558:3 March
8441:Paiawon
7790:at the
7756:at the
7415:Bibcode
6561:, 1954.
6428:29 July
6383:pp. 2–3
6248:Female
6221:J2b1b1
6218:Female
6194:J1/J1b
6158:Female
6008:Female
5948:Female
5918:Female
5888:Female
5858:Female
5828:Female
5768:Female
5738:Female
5711:K1a4b1
5618:Female
5588:Female
5528:Female
5498:Female
5468:Female
5441:T2c1d1
5378:Female
5348:Female
5318:Female
5228:Female
5141:N1b1a2
5111:N1b1a2
5078:Female
4992:Female
4962:Female
4932:Female
4872:Female
4812:Female
4785:H13a2a
4752:Female
4722:Female
4692:Female
4662:Female
4482:Female
4436:J2b2a1
4400:Female
4370:Female
4310:Female
4286:G2a2a1
4250:Female
4226:J2b2a1
4196:J2b2a1
4166:J2b2a1
4100:Female
4070:Female
4040:Female
3796:Yamnaya
3691:Levites
3640:Mycenae
3591:of the
3546:Writing
3536:Mycenae
3522:Cuisine
3344:Methana
3327:faience
3314:octopus
3291:kylikes
3242:Vessels
3073:Warfare
3002:parapet
2974:Mycenae
2926:megaron
2918:megaron
2907:Laconia
2877:Palaces
2741:Demeter
2733:Homeric
2725:Knossos
2721:A-ta-na
2680:Artemis
2616:Amyclae
2548:England
2538:and in
2536:Ireland
2532:Germany
2528:Bavaria
2498:Georgia
2482:Hittite
2458:Mitanni
2320:Economy
2299:do-e-ro
2278:). The
2247:koreter
2226:témenos
2116:(e.g.,
1993:Argolid
1927:Mycenae
1879:Boeotia
1800:Assyria
1681:Eleusis
1655:, when
1646:Lakonia
1635:Ephesus
1614:1400 BC
1608:panoply
1549:Knossos
1503:Lebanon
1491:Miletus
1440:megaron
1412:before
1366:History
1287:Pharaoh
1254:Knossos
1242:Argives
1238:Danaans
925:megaron
888:Mycenae
724:in the
710:Mycenae
604:Economy
560:(1974-)
106:Mycenae
23054:Kurgan
22714:Aeneid
22430:Viking
22411:Regina
22180:Alkedo
22036:Abydos
22010:Wrecks
21879:Topics
21709:Piracy
21663:Greece
21523:Odisha
21455:Actium
21450:Mycale
21285:Navies
21174:Greece
21164:Olmecs
21132:Pandya
21107:Minoan
21070:Champa
21050:Lapita
20995:Remote
20915:Tyndis
20870:Quilon
20815:Muscat
20780:Lothal
20775:Korkai
20759:Jeddah
20733:Essina
20677:Adulis
20587:Charts
20522:Harpax
20512:Corvus
20486:Square
20454:Settee
20449:Lateen
20358:Tiller
20353:Strake
20321:Rudder
20311:Paddle
20259:Anchor
20238:Towing
20160:Bireme
20093:Galley
20068:Bangka
19988:Portal
19918:Anthem
19874:Hockey
19742:Titans
19598:Aerico
19501:Organo
19493:Laouto
19473:Pontic
19461:Cretan
19407:Pontic
19383:Cretan
19368:Zervos
19348:Syrtos
19344:Sousta
19312:Ntames
19292:Koftos
19244:Ballos
19228:Dances
19180:Cinema
19130:Ladino
19100:Modern
19043:Pontic
19039:Maniot
19027:Cretan
19017:) and
19000:) and
18947:Vilana
18939:Robola
18911:Limnio
18899:Athiri
18891:Aidini
18869:Cretan
18830:Ouzeri
18808:Gogges
18686:Metaxa
18638:Diples
18623:Lagana
18567:Cretan
18461:Mangas
18393:Peplos
18377:Exomis
18369:Chiton
18265:Greeks
18091:Energy
18080:Grexit
18061:Brands
17921:Enosis
17859:Racism
17619:Police
17272:Rivers
17262:Coasts
17239:Plains
17224:Pindus
17206:Ionian
17202:Aegean
17166:Xanthi
17154:Thrace
17118:Achaea
17084:Lesbos
17080:Lemnos
17076:Ikaria
17058:Thasos
17054:Serres
17050:Pieria
17042:Kozani
17038:Kilkis
17034:Kavala
16980:Ithaca
16950:Epirus
16932:Rhodes
16928:Patmos
16896:Chalki
16838:Andros
16816:Chania
16798:Phocis
16790:Euboea
16782:Attica
16729:Cities
16604:Modern
16571:tribes
16300:Delian
16166:topics
16164:Greece
16112:Portal
16060:People
16048:Cities
15987:Sinope
15972:Rhizos
15962:Phasis
15912:Bathus
15907:Athina
15892:Amisos
15854:Tanais
15849:Pityus
15774:Charax
15725:Pharos
15720:Orikon
15617:Helike
15607:Alonis
15574:Cyrene
15506:Didyme
15419:Himera
15394:Catana
15356:Sicily
15346:Thurii
15341:Terina
15306:Pixous
15261:Hydrus
15236:Croton
15068:Aeolic
14986:Aphaea
14909:Dodona
14894:Delphi
14863:Temple
14539:Others
14490:Sappho
14475:Pindar
14450:Lucian
14445:Ibycus
14430:Hesiod
14367:Thales
14135:Rulers
14114:People
14091:Xyston
14086:Xiphos
13947:Koinon
13853:Tyrant
13843:Stasis
13833:Koinon
13633:Pontus
13608:Epirus
13577:Sparta
13567:Rhodes
13562:Megara
13557:Thebes
13502:Athens
13428:Pontus
13393:Epirus
13383:Cyprus
13368:Aeolis
13109:
13101:
13064:
13041:
13020:
12988:
12957:
12893:
12874:
12868:504929
12866:
12826:
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12735:
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12144:506802
12142:
12111:
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12021:
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11911:
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11728:
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11633:
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11580:
11572:
11537:
11527:
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11474:
11466:
11439:Nature
11412:
11391:
11360:
11318:
11297:
11276:
11232:
11209:
11188:
11166:
11141:
11120:
11101:
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11033:
11027:505489
11025:
10985:
10977:
10969:
10938:
10908:
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10838:
10817:
10791:Palace
10776:
10752:
10672:
10651:
10623:
10613:
10605:
10568:
10542:Glotta
10525:
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10483:
10460:
10439:
10420:
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10272:
10212:
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10129:
10125:
10121:
9906:
9898:
9859:
9851:
9637:
9170:
8627:, pp.
8205:Wessex
7772:δοῦλος
7433:
7292:
6936:
6306:Cadmea
6240:
6210:
6191:U1a1a
6180:
6150:
6120:
6090:
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6030:
6000:
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5231:U3b1b
5220:
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5160:
5144:J2a2~
5130:
5100:
5070:
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5028:G2a2b
5014:
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4924:
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4864:
4834:
4804:
4774:
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4474:
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4448:
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4092:
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4032:
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3972:
3924:
3853:
3773:, and
3747:Nature
3740:In an
3703:Canaan
3695:*la-wo
3689:– the
3618:Legacy
3538:, and
3528:skewer
3509:tholos
3401:Aphaea
3318:flower
3287:krater
3266:Athens
3258:rhyton
3228:Vaphio
3196:rhyton
3041:Cyprus
3037:Epirus
2989:Tiryns
2970:Tiryns
2903:Iolcos
2899:Dimini
2886:Tiryns
2717:Athena
2712:Potnia
2690:) and
2676:Erinya
2612:Delphi
2540:Wessex
2509:Sicily
2464:, and
2402:export
2386:Kopais
2345:Ugarit
2313:doúlos
2307:δοῦλος
2193:Tiryns
2138:Tiryns
2062:Eqwesh
1989:Tiryns
1955:Attica
1943:Cyprus
1883:Thebes
1867:krater
1812:Lesbos
1808:Wilusa
1784:Arzawa
1776:Atreus
1697:Iolcos
1685:Thebes
1677:Athens
1661:Tiryns
1642:Sparta
1577:Apulia
1569:Cyprus
1553:Rhodes
1522:tholos
1499:Cyprus
1354:Ekwesh
1316:Δαναοί
1308:Danaoi
1276:Tanaju
1272:Danaya
1240:, and
907:Greece
903:Hellas
813:palace
803:, and
774:Levant
770:Cyprus
754:Epirus
746:Iolcos
744:, and
738:Athens
736:, and
734:Thebes
720:, and
718:Tiryns
694:Greece
594:Church
281:Minoan
213:Greece
204:on the
132:Iolcos
120:Tiryns
73:Period
63:Aegean
23059:Koban
22650:Greek
22453:Abora
22447:Ivlia
22359:Saina
22303:Ra II
22261:Sites
22046:Dokos
21658:Egypt
21580:trade
21545:Rafts
21530:Japan
21518:India
21430:Chios
21400:Mylae
21360:Olpae
21308:Roman
21303:Greek
21201:Aksum
21127:Chera
21122:Chola
21095:Sunda
21075:Kutai
21065:Kedah
20910:Tulum
20890:Sidon
20835:Opone
20825:Óc Eo
20795:Malao
20769:Kedah
20713:Basra
20661:Ports
20639:Inuit
20459:Tanja
20419:Egypt
20269:Cabin
20212:Tomol
20055:Types
19942:Motto
19937:Flags
19841:Sport
19796:Nymph
19786:Satyr
19758:Jason
19724:Mormo
19719:Lamia
19699:Islam
19661:Gello
19549:Zilia
19485:Gaida
19449:Aulos
19431:Laïko
19352:Trata
19215:Music
19172:Media
18796:Dakos
18642:Halva
18405:Vraka
18365:Dress
18322:Women
18130:Ports
17634:Crime
17361:birds
17267:Lakes
17254:Water
17210:Crete
17188:Caves
17158:Evros
17088:Samos
17072:Chios
17046:Pella
17014:Drama
16976:Corfu
16940:Tilos
16920:Leros
16908:Kasos
16878:Tinos
16874:Syros
16866:Paros
16862:Naxos
16854:Milos
16842:Delos
16812:Crete
16678:Polis
16663:Kings
16070:Stoae
16038:Lists
15957:Oinòe
15880:coast
15878:South
15864:Tyras
15834:Olbia
15804:Kepoi
15757:coast
15755:North
15748:basin
15690:Aulon
15652:Rhode
15564:Barca
15454:Naxos
15409:Henna
15369:Akrai
15336:Taras
15321:Siris
15281:Medma
15276:Locri
15241:Cumae
15231:Chone
15209:Italy
15115:Koine
15093:Ionic
15083:Doric
15078:Attic
14899:Delos
14797:Music
14440:Homer
14395:Aesop
14347:Plato
14249:Poets
13919:Ephor
13871:Agora
13848:Tagus
13823:Boule
13572:Samos
13497:Argos
13403:Ionia
13388:Doris
13373:Crete
13107:S2CID
13062:JSTOR
12940:(PDF)
12909:(PDF)
12872:S2CID
12864:JSTOR
12741:S2CID
12733:JSTOR
12482:JSTOR
12376:(PDF)
12361:(PDF)
12334:S2CID
12305:S2CID
12202:S2CID
12194:JSTOR
12140:JSTOR
12109:S2CID
11878:(PDF)
11841:S2CID
11707:S2CID
11657:S2CID
11596:S2CID
11099:S2CID
11031:S2CID
11023:JSTOR
10983:S2CID
10975:JSTOR
10410:(PDF)
10270:S2CID
9220:Iliad
9168:S2CID
9156:(9).
8445:Paidn
7933:(PDF)
7738:δῆμος
6188:Male
6161:H5a2
6128:Male
6098:Male
6068:Male
6041:J2b1
6038:Male
5978:Male
5891:H1az
5798:Male
5741:N1'5
5708:Male
5681:J2b1
5678:Male
5648:Male
5591:H1bm
5561:H4a1
5558:Male
5501:U3b1
5438:Male
5408:Male
5381:W1h1
5351:K1c1
5288:Male
5258:Male
5198:Male
5168:Male
5138:Male
5108:Male
5052:Male
5022:Male
4965:K1a2
4935:H4a1
4902:Male
4842:Male
4815:H41a
4782:Male
4725:J1c1
4632:Male
4602:Male
4572:Male
4545:W1h1
4542:Male
4512:Male
4462:C1a2
4456:Male
4430:Male
4403:HV0a
4340:Male
4280:Male
4220:Male
4190:Male
4163:T1a4
4160:Male
4130:Male
4103:T1a5
4073:H26b
4016:J2a1
4010:Male
3980:Male
3955:Y-DNA
3950:mtDNA
3687:Bible
3657:Greek
3645:Iliad
3597:Crete
3540:Pylos
3394:polos
3331:ivory
3323:Iliad
3316:or a
3312:, an
3310:shell
3113:damos
3109:Pylos
3067:Midea
3033:Midea
3029:Crisa
3025:Argos
2938:Pylos
2763:Women
2651:Iliad
2642:Paean
2604:Asine
2521:Spain
2423:Trade
2390:Nemea
2369:Crete
2295:da-mo
2290:da-mo
2238:wanax
2221:wanax
2216:eqeta
2204:wanax
2189:Pylos
2159:Pylos
2130:damoi
2118:Iliad
2045:Doric
1932:Pylos
1792:Egypt
1710:wanax
1699:, in
1669:Pylos
1665:Midea
1631:Iasus
1581:Spain
1573:Amman
1561:Κοινή
1557:Greek
1511:Egypt
1475:Thera
1473:, on
1467:Crete
1312:Greek
1246:Iliad
1219:Iliad
822:wanax
778:Italy
722:Midea
714:Pylos
698:Greek
124:Midea
116:Pylos
83:Dates
22835:BMAC
22579:Oslo
22301:and
22207:Isis
22154:Gozo
21675:Rome
21653:Maya
21535:Rome
21440:Nile
21206:Rome
21144:Maya
21000:Near
20920:Tyre
20672:Aden
20471:Junk
20343:Stem
20331:Sail
20316:Rope
20301:Mast
20296:Keel
20284:Hull
20274:Deck
20197:Raft
20078:Dhow
19930:and
19928:Flag
19896:2004
19892:1906
19888:1896
19678:Flag
19564:Punk
19560:Rock
19497:Lyre
19489:Harp
19150:and
18883:Wine
18802:Meze
18762:Filo
18728:Feta
18690:Ouzo
18569:and
18483:and
18316:Roma
18292:Jews
18271:and
17760:Navy
17745:Army
17702:NATO
17449:1911
17445:1864
17441:1844
17437:1827
17433:1822
17423:2008
17419:2001
17415:1986
17359:and
17122:Elis
16996:Paxi
16954:Arta
16936:Symi
16735:and
16665:and
16637:and
16578:and
16569:and
16439:and
16421:and
16302:and
15997:Tium
15764:Akra
15705:Issa
15399:Gela
15271:Laüs
15246:Elea
14904:Dion
14756:Arts
14746:Wine
14372:Zeno
13969:Wars
13217:2005
13196:2013
13167:2013
13099:ISSN
13039:ISBN
13018:ISBN
12986:ISBN
12955:ISBN
12891:ISBN
12824:ISBN
12803:ISBN
12773:ISBN
12702:ISBN
12681:ISBN
12657:ISBN
12619:ISBN
12598:ISBN
12593:2007
12576:ISBN
12555:ISBN
12509:ISBN
12456:ISBN
12435:ISBN
12412:ISBN
12391:ISBN
12274:ISBN
12253:ISBN
12232:ISBN
12159:ISBN
12101:ISSN
12063:ISBN
12046:2021
12019:ISBN
11998:ISBN
11977:ISBN
11930:ISBN
11909:ISBN
11894:2015
11860:ISBN
11779:ISBN
11749:ISBN
11726:ISBN
11676:ISBN
11649:PMID
11631:ISSN
11588:PMID
11570:ISSN
11535:PMID
11482:PMID
11464:ISSN
11410:ISBN
11389:ISBN
11358:ISBN
11343:2015
11316:ISBN
11295:ISBN
11274:ISBN
11230:ISBN
11207:ISBN
11186:ISBN
11164:ISBN
11139:ISBN
11118:ISBN
11074:2015
11048:ISBN
10967:ISSN
10936:ISBN
10906:ISBN
10891:link
10871:ISBN
10856:link
10836:ISBN
10815:ISBN
10774:ISBN
10750:ISBN
10670:ISBN
10649:ISBN
10621:PMID
10603:ISSN
10586:Cell
10566:ISBN
10523:ISBN
10502:ISBN
10481:ISBN
10458:ISBN
10437:ISBN
10418:ISSN
10392:ISBN
10373:ISBN
10352:ISBN
10331:ISBN
10289:ISBN
10210:ISBN
10131:..."
9999:2021
9973:2021
9947:2021
9904:PMID
9896:ISSN
9857:PMID
9849:ISSN
9732:2016
9635:ISBN
9612:2016
9586:2016
9560:2016
9529:2020
8726:2013
8387:2013
8289:2021
8260:2021
8238:2021
8188:2018
7431:ISSN
7290:ISBN
6934:ISBN
6430:2021
6044:G2a
6011:H1m
5984:J2a
5831:H1e
5771:HV1
5531:H7c
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5201:K2b
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4788:J2a
4695:X2d
4635:U3c
4608:G2a
4313:U3c
4223:K1a
4193:K1a
3983:T2b
3937:Date
3890:1.2%
3886:18.2
3699:laoi
3507:, a
3457:and
3446:cist
3329:and
3127:The
3065:and
3039:and
2972:and
2700:Zeus
2686:and
2614:and
2576:and
2542:and
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2404:and
2140:and
2112:and
2007:and
1865:, a
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12297:doi
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12128:104
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11699:doi
11639:PMC
11623:doi
11578:PMC
11562:doi
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11525:PMC
11517:doi
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11456:doi
11444:548
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11253:doi
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10731:doi
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10591:184
10312:doi
10262:doi
9888:doi
9818:doi
9158:doi
8633:691
8629:502
7423:doi
7411:108
6242:BC
6212:BC
6182:BC
6152:BC
6122:BC
6092:BC
6062:BC
6032:BC
6002:BC
5981:X2
5972:BC
5942:BC
5921:W6
5912:BC
5882:BC
5861:H1
5852:BC
5822:BC
5801:H1
5792:BC
5762:BC
5732:BC
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5672:BC
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5582:BC
5552:BC
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5462:BC
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5414:CT
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5252:BC
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4364:BC
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