706:. The dance is characterized by rolling and bouncing the shoulders, jilting the chest, and thrusting the neck in various directions. Motives and characteristics of the dance often vary according to the performers and the context, for example, war songs, hunting songs, shepherd songs, love songs, and work songs. The best dancer is typically appointed as the leader of the group and/or the best singer. Eskista dance brings the dancer into a role as a storyteller, who then expresses with his or her body the cultural traditions and life of the community. The dance, as well as the music and singing, serve as symbolic messages of Ethiopian society as a whole.
602:. The music of Ethiopia is a reflection of all the historical and social episodes, such as the military campaigns that various warlords or chiefs had to launch. The music is about war as well as patriotism, songs of victory, and songs that incite support for a certain crusade. The music is also about love, with wonderful melodies and poetic lyrics. The spirituality of Ethiopians is expressed in the form of music. All these types of tunes and melodies are prepared and performed using various traditional instruments.
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575:(big drum), with different rhythmic patterns attached to certain song genres. There is a special kind of drum referred to as tom-tom that is used in the southwestern part of the country, in Gambella Region. The beating of drums in general is very characteristic of the fast songs played in the south of the country, where you have the Kenbata,
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and ethnic groups of
Ethiopia have their distinct music, cultures, and traditions. According to some analysts, Ethiopian dances are not divided according to their function but rather according to their uniqueness and individuality. Therefore, there are over 150 unique dance movements across Ethiopia.
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Vocal styles: Traditional
Ethiopian singing includes a variety of vocal techniques, such as melismatic, ornamentation, vocal slides, and call-and-response structures. In terms of instruments, Ethiopian music incorporates a wide variety of instruments. These instruments include the masinko, the krar,
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Music from the highlands of
Ethiopia has a modal system called qenet which consists of four main modes; tezeta, bati, ambassel, and anchihoy. It also consists of three additional modes; tezeta minor, bati major, and bati minor. • Pentatonic Scales: Ethiopian music has a pentatonic modal system with
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Music in the country can be traced back to the
Ethiopian highlands, where the strong oral-literary custom was born. In this area, traditional music is played by mostly itinerant musicians called azmaris, who are regarded with respect in their society. As this form of music slowly spread across the
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Cultural significance: Music holds deep cultural and social significance in
Ethiopia, often accompanying religious ceremonies, cultural festivals, and social gatherings. Stimulating and expressing emotion in the performers, and imparting it to the listeners. This is a key trait of the Ethiopian
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Oromo”. Especially, Shewa Oromo dance has unique costumes as well as steps. Women wear leather-made wild two-piece costumes decorated with shells. Men wear fur skin like a lion’s mane on the head and use sticks for dance. What is most surprising is women’s very fast and sharp neck motion. For
1138:. Harvard University professor Kay Kaufman Shelemay, on the other hand, maintains that there is genuine creativity in the contemporary music scene. She further points out that Ethiopian music is not alone in shifting to electronically produced music, a point that Falceto acknowledges.
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and quickly become famous singer in his generation, nicknamed "Blatenaw" (English: The boy). Some commentators also compare Teddy Afro with
Tilahun Gessesse by musical style and patriotic sentiments. Through her performing with prominent Western
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is played, recorded and listened to, but most musicians also sing traditional songs, and most audiences choose to listen to both popular and traditional styles. A long-standing popular musical tradition in
Ethiopia was that of
222:(that is, the pitches may deviate slightly from the Western-tempered tuning system), but when played on Western instruments such as pianos and guitars, they are played using the Western-tempered tuning system.
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and Lij
Michael led to their inclusion in the 2017 edition of Coke Studio Africa The electronic dance music in Ethiopia was not fully developed until mid-2010, although some electronic music employment with
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is Hope Music
Entertainment, while Minew Shewa Entertainment and Admas Music are used as secondary labels. Hope Music Entertainment, Minew Shewa Entertainment and Dire Tube become the country's online
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Regional variations: Different regions of
Ethiopia have their distinct musical styles since it has more than 75 ethnic groups with each ethnic group having diverse traditional music and sounds.
537:, played with a curved stick, is usually found in a secular context such as royal functions or the announcement of proclamations, though it has a liturgical function among the Beta Israel. The
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country, it appropriated aspects of the regions it infiltrated, depending on the local customs, culture, and religion. The music and culture of Ethiopia has been influenced by Christianity,
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has a long and at times tormented history. It has an equally long and fascinating history of arts and culture. Ethiopia and its folk music and culture have a long step in the history of
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1191:, with a mix of Ethiopian music. Hip hop music started influencing Ethiopian music in the early to mid 2000s and culminated with the creation of Ethiopian hip hop, rhymed in the native
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at the center of the country have a dance style dominated by upper body and neck movements. The Oromos at the center and south have a jumping style and full-bodied dance routine. The
1617:
690:, and others among the peoples of the South Region have very attractive belly dances that are hugely popular throughout the nation. The beats are quite rhythmic and fast.
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traditional music. The emotion may be religious exaltation, as in the creation chant and a sacred song; grief, as in the laments; longing or passion, as in the love song.
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Complex rhythms: Ethiopian music is known for its intricate rhythmic patterns, as with the case for many African music, often featuring irregular meters and syncopation.
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in recent years. Dire Tube typically recovers older recordings and music videos. The most notable label throughout the 2000s is Nahom Records, which is still active.
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ethnic group performed by men, women, and children. It's known for its unique emphasis on intense shoulder movement which it shares with the shim-shim dance of the
1104:, who was very popular among the youth of the 1980s and early 1990s with such songs as "Yetekemt Abeba," "Metekatun Ateye," "Safsaf," and "Gedam" – among others.
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214:. Three additional modes are variations on the above: tezeta minor, bati major, and bati minor. Some songs take the name of their qenet, such as
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Moges, G. (2008). Music Education in Ethiopia: A Historical Perspective. Journal of Historical Research in Music Education, 30(1), 27-45.
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has a diverse number of ethnic groups, more than 75 ethnic groups with each ethnic group having diverse traditional music and sounds.
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music also plays a dominant role since booming its distribution via CDs in 2000s, and recently it evolves from digital downloads.
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Alemu, Ashenati kebede. (2019). Ethiopia kinit(scales); Analysis of the Formation and structure of the Ethiopian scale system.
905:. This band, which arrived in Addis Ababa on 6 September 1924, became the first official orchestra of Ethiopia. By the end of
748:) in the 6th century. Yared was considered the father of Ethiopian-Eritrean traditional music as well as he composed chant or
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criticizes contemporary Ethiopian music for eschewing traditional instruments and ensemble playing in favor of
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region is the largest and their dance styles are different depending on place. Some of the famous dances are “
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is a term that can mean any music of Ethiopian origin, however, often it is applied to a genre, a distinct
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used in the Orthodox Christian liturgy. Smaller kebero drums may be used in secular celebrations. The
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to the north have a smooth, circular dance routine characterized by shoulder and neck movements. The
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Kebede, A. (SEPTEMBER 26, 2012). The Music of Ethiopia: Land of Wax and Gold. BY WORLD MUSIC NETWORK
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Kebede, A. (SEPTEMBER 26, 2012). The Music of Ethiopia: Land of Wax and Gold. BY WORLD MUSIC NETWORK
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controlled Ethiopia, and emigration became almost impossible. Musicians during this period included
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is divided into three chant modes: Ge'ez, Ezel and Araray. Manzuma developed around 1907. Sung in
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1370:"Ethiopian Kiñit (scales): Analysis of the formation and structure of the Ethiopian scale system"
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218:, a song of reminiscence. When played on traditional instruments, these modes are generally not
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Queille Dominique (December 19, 2007). "Le Tigre des Platanes fait ses griffes à Africolor".
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is instinctively denotes an Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo music. There are also wide range of
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In the West, several bands were also created in recent years to play music inspired by the
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and "Abebayehosh", Aster Aweke is renowned for her voice that attracted broader audience.
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have an acrobatic dance that requires high levels of arm, leg, and body coordination. The
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Roger Levesque (November 13, 2012). "Either/Orchestra brings African Sound to Edmonton".
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Mocha Ethiopia Dance Group (English site) Ethiopian cultural folk dance troupe in Japan
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to call the faithful to prayer. They are made from stone slabs or pieces of wood. The
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were prominent Ethiopian record labels during this era. Since 1997, Buda Musique's
336:(including an unusual three-string variant) are among the chordophones found in the
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1033:(wax and gold, a poetic form of double entendre) in music (previously only used in
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407:. These may be metal (generally found in the north) or bamboo (in the south). The
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long intervals between notes contributing to the distinctive nature of the music.
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1768:"Tanzania's Yamoto band in Kenya for a collaboration with Ethiopia's Lij Michael"
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series and other examples of Ethiopian music of the '60s and '70s. They include
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Merriam, A.P. (1964). The Anthropology of Music. Northwestern University Press.
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909:, large orchestras accompanied singers; the most prominent orchestras were the
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786:, traditional secular music is played by mostly itinerant musicians called
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language. The earliest and most influential rappers of the hip hop were
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series has compiled many of these singles and albums on compact disc.
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Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies
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976:. Perhaps the most influential musician of the period, however, was
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1654:"Kay Kaufman Shelemay - Ethiopia: Diaspora and Return (interview)"
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From the 1950s to the 1970s, Ethiopian popular musicians included
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New genres of music, popular in western countries, such as EDM,
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and certain other populations in the lowlands commonly play the
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1618:"Francis Falceto - Ethiopia: Diaspora and Return (interview)"
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744:, who lived during the reign of Emperor Gebre Meskel (Son of
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flutes have no finger holes, and produce only two tones, the
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groups. Metal leg rattles are common throughout the south.
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1446:(on Mekatecha - Tigrina Language News and Culture website)
1315:"Common Ethiopian Pentatonic Scales or Qenet (ቅኝት woyesa)"
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The most prominent internationally acclaimed singers are
449:, to maintain rhythm. Rural churches historically used a
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1512:"Songs from Ethiopia and South Sudan". sbmusicology.com.
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have been introduced in recent years. Musical acts like
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the washint, the begena, the kebero, and the tom-tom.
794:, who are regarded with respect in Ethiopian society.
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was most popular. He helped to popularize the use of
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Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries
694:is a traditional Ethiopian cultural dance from the
1753:"Jano Band takes Ethio-rock to Coke Studio Africa"
1611:
1609:
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717:is very important and plays significant role to
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1295:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
549:, a small hand drum sometimes made of clay. In
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1647:
1645:
736:Some Ethiopian religious music has an ancient
709:
225:Music in the Ethiopian highlands is generally
1859:
1284:Shelemay, Kay Kaufman (2001). "Ethiopia". In
1224:introduced the country to his own version of
880:Ethiopia is a musically traditional country.
1834:"A short Note on the Ethiopian Church Music"
557:specify three different kinds of drums: the
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1076:vocal. In 2001, Teddy Afro debut his album
848:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
233:. In certain southern areas, some music is
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2503:Music technology (electronic and digital)
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1662:. World Music Productions. Archived from
1626:. World Music Productions. Archived from
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1345:
1298:. Vol. viii (2nd ed.). London:
868:Learn how and when to remove this message
367:-like instruments include the ceremonial
1701:
1283:
1212:element began in the 2000s. In 2018, a
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1044:
956:, while popular folk musicians included
782:where Ethiopian Muslims reside. In the
618:Characteristics of the traditional music
261:
1725:
1444:Ethiopian Traditional Music Instruments
1397:
1270:
180:uses a fundamental modal system called
3908:
1342:
252:
186:, of which there are four main modes:
2682:
2041:Vietnam imperial court music—Nhã nhạc
1847:
1793:"Rophnan shines at Leza Awards night"
1790:
1747:
1745:
1040:
640:
591:Traditional music and characteristics
441:). Additionally, the clergy will use
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1615:
846:adding citations to reliable sources
813:
469:as liturgical accompaniment, though
1707:"Imperial Tiger Orchestra – review"
1493:Songs from Ethiopia and South Sudan
1312:
610:, and Judaism among other factors.
411:and other people in the south play
13:
3717:Classical and art music traditions
2149:History of lute-family instruments
1966:Cambodian ceremonial music—Pinpeat
1826:
1811:"Hope Entertainment – Ethiosports"
1765:
1742:
363:that is common in the highlands.
14:
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1306:
1052:singing at a concert in June 2011
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78:Zema (Christian Liturgical Chant)
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3888:
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3433:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2908:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2508:Sound recording and reproduction
1961:Burmese classical music—Mahāgīta
1791:Abebe, Hiwot (27 October 2018).
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818:
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3737:Jazz and popular music glossary
1803:
1784:
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1599:World Music in Focus – Ethiopia
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326:, a large ten-string lyre. The
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245:) may employ up to five parts;
2978:Federated States of Micronesia
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1481:
1449:
1437:
1361:
1254:Music and politics in Ethiopia
1108:has exemplified all four main
1089:(who is also her husband) and
391:) found mainly in the south.
375:used in some regions, and the
281:In the highlands, traditional
1:
2021:Philippine art songs—Kundiman
1941:Afghan classical music—Klasik
1840:, 13 (1985), pp. 137–143
1264:
1100:Another noteworthy singer is
810:Ethiopian Golden Age of music
424:
343:
3882:Record production portal
3727:Cultural and regional genres
1986:Indonesian art music—Gamelan
1652:Eyre, Banning (2006-09-15).
1616:Eyre, Banning (2005-12-18).
7:
2498:Music technology (electric)
2036:Thai classical music—Piphat
1991:Japanese court music—Gagaku
1797:www.thereporterethiopia.com
1471:
1465:
1459:
1354:, liner notes of the album
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710:Religious and secular music
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2144:History of the harpsichord
2031:Kandyan dance of Sri Lanka
1236:Since 2016, the most used
1187:play a new style of music
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475:may also refer to a small
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1971:Chinese traditional music
1931:
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1577:"Saint Yared (505-571) •"
804:Popular music in Ethiopia
431:Ethiopian Orthodox Church
332:(a five-string lyre) and
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2853:Central African Republic
2396:Computational musicology
1946:Andalusi classical music
1166:Imperial Tiger Orchestra
746:Kaleb of Aksumite Empire
3742:Music genres and styles
2046:Western classical music
2016:Persian classical music
919:Imperial Bodyguard Band
569:(medium drum), and the
437:employs the senasel (a
3722:Classical music genres
2798:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2339:Doctor of Musical Arts
2164:History of the trumpet
1976:Indian classical music
1330:Cite journal requires
1226:electronic dance music
1149:
1053:
1005:During the 1980s, the
901:) during the reign of
702:people in neighboring
403:and a fourth or fifth
278:
3548:São Tomé and Príncipe
3423:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3403:Republic of the Congo
2169:History of the violin
1772:Standard Digital News
1630:on September 27, 2007
1489:"Musical Instruments"
1434:Shelemay, pp. 355–356
1170:Le Tigre des platanes
1144:
1048:
893:in the form of forty
808:Further information:
265:
3618:United Arab Emirates
2683:
2391:Cognitive musicology
1477:– via youtube.
1148:in 2012 concert tour
1021:, though the singer
842:improve this section
489:, is used among the
241:polyphonic singing (
3768:Aesthetics of music
3583:Trinidad and Tobago
2718:Antigua and Barbuda
2202:Band (rock and pop)
2126:Musical instruments
2001:Lao classical music
1705:(12 January 2012).
1666:on October 25, 2007
1168:(Switzerland), and
784:Ethiopian Highlands
740:element, traced to
253:Musical instruments
178:Ethiopian Highlands
36:Typical instruments
3830:Musical instrument
3798:Music and politics
2928:Dominican Republic
2676:By sovereign state
1996:Korean court music
1956:Azerbaijani Mugham
1838:Annales d'Ethiopie
1766:Nyanga, Caroline.
1150:
1114:on his 2005 album
1085:musicians such as
1054:
1041:Contemporary scene
721:society. The term
719:Ethiopian Orthodox
641:Traditional dances
563:(small drum), the
421:. It has 6 holes.
283:string instruments
279:
3916:Music of Ethiopia
3903:
3902:
3788:Music and fashion
3783:Music and emotion
3685:
3684:
2953:Equatorial Guinea
2449:A-side and B-side
2354:Music archaeology
2329:Bachelor of Music
2177:
2176:
2111:Psychedelic music
2106:Progressive music
2026:Scottish Ceòl Mór
1832:Tamrat Taddesse,
1659:Afropop Worldwide
1623:Afropop Worldwide
878:
877:
870:
176:The music of the
160:
159:
3923:
3892:
3891:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3868:Music portal
3866:
3865:
3864:
3820:Music technology
3808:Environmentalism
3761:Related articles
3368:Papua New Guinea
3233:Marshall Islands
2680:
2679:
2626:Central American
2364:Music psychology
2249:Backing vocalist
2086:Electronic music
1929:
1928:
1883:History of music
1868:
1861:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1688:Edmonton Journal
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1379:. Archived from
1374:
1365:
1359:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1313:Frangou, Chris.
1310:
1304:
1303:
1281:
1218:recording artist
1189:progressive rock
1162:Either/Orchestra
1113:
1062:Alemayehu Eshete
1032:
994:Philips-Ethiopia
954:Tilahun Gessesse
930:Alemayehu Eshete
889:, imported from
873:
866:
862:
859:
853:
822:
814:
793:
770:most notably in
756:liturgical music
574:
568:
562:
548:
536:
524:
484:
474:
468:
454:
435:liturgical music
416:
398:
382:
374:
355:
331:
316:), a six-string
315:
297:), a one-string
296:
213:
207:
199:
193:
155:Music of Eritrea
26:Cultural origins
18:
17:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3876:
3874:
3862:
3860:
3851:
3778:Fictional music
3756:
3681:
3488:Solomon Islands
3333:North Macedonia
2685:
2671:
2533:
2531:regional genres
2530:
2522:
2488:Record producer
2432:
2421:Sociomusicology
2406:Ethnomusicology
2334:Master of Music
2314:
2273:
2255:
2212:All-female band
2195:
2173:
2120:
2057:
2050:
2006:Mandé art music
1981:Byzantine music
1927:
1877:
1872:
1829:
1827:Further reading
1824:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1789:
1785:
1776:
1774:
1764:
1760:
1755:. 20 July 2017.
1751:
1750:
1743:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1715:
1703:Denselow, Robin
1700:
1696:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1650:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1614:
1607:
1596:
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1561:
1556:
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1547:
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1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1520:
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1511:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1350:
1343:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1282:
1271:
1267:
1250:
1242:streaming media
1234:
1128:Francis Falceto
1043:
970:Asnaketch Worku
966:Ketema Makonnen
950:Muluken Melesse
946:Kiros Alemayehu
874:
863:
857:
854:
839:
823:
812:
806:
800:
754:and the use in
715:Religious music
712:
643:
620:
593:
515:
427:
346:
310:(also known as
291:(also known as
260:
255:
163:Ethiopian music
144:
111:
88:Regional scenes
80:
67:
21:Ethiopian music
12:
11:
5:
3929:
3919:
3918:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3885:
3871:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3847:Women in music
3844:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3835:Classification
3827:
3822:
3817:
3815:Music festival
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3793:Music industry
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3663:Western Sahara
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3623:United Kingdom
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2903:Czech Republic
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2638:North American
2635:
2634:
2633:
2631:South American
2628:
2621:Latin American
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Middle Eastern
2584:
2579:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2536:
2534:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2478:Audio engineer
2475:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2411:New musicology
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2217:Rhythm section
2214:
2209:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1802:
1783:
1758:
1741:
1724:
1694:
1677:
1641:
1605:
1589:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1480:
1448:
1436:
1396:
1360:
1352:Abatte Barihun
1341:
1332:|journal=
1305:
1302:. p. 356.
1286:Sadie, Stanley
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1233:
1230:
1106:Abatte Barihun
1091:Herbie Hancock
1042:
1039:
982:Mulatu Astatke
903:Haile Selassie
876:
875:
826:
824:
817:
802:Main article:
799:
796:
711:
708:
642:
639:
619:
616:
592:
589:
551:Gambela Region
514:
513:Membranophones
511:
426:
423:
345:
342:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:, four parts.
158:
157:
151:
150:
146:
145:
143:
142:
137:
132:
127:
121:
118:
117:
113:
112:
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93:
90:
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85:
84:
74:
73:
69:
68:
66:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
37:
33:
32:
27:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3928:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3895:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Music therapy
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:United States
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
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3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
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3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:Liechtenstein
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:Guinea-Bissau
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2593:
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2529:Cultural and
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2456:Extended play
2454:
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2435:
2427:
2426:Zoomusicology
2424:
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2404:
2402:
2401:Ecomusicology
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2386:Biomusicology
2384:
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2360:
2359:Music history
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2296:
2295:Improvisation
2293:
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2267:
2265:
2262:
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2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Lead vocalist
2242:
2241:
2240:
2239:Military band
2237:
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2117:
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2109:
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2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:Hip hop music
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:Country music
2079:
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2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
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2039:
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2034:
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2029:
2027:
2024:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Ottoman music
2009:
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1457:"Playing the
1452:
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1415:
1413:
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1401:
1386:on 2018-09-20
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:Abate, Ezra.
1364:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1324:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1290:Tyrrell, John
1287:
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1278:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1232:Record labels
1229:
1227:
1223:
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1211:
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1182:
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1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:one-man bands
1129:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1118:
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1107:
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1098:
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1088:
1084:
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1038:
1036:
1031:
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1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
990:Kaifa Records
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
962:Kassa Tessema
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:Ayalew Mesfin
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:Mahmoud Ahmed
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
882:Popular music
872:
869:
861:
851:
847:
843:
837:
836:
832:
827:This section
825:
821:
816:
815:
811:
805:
798:Popular music
795:
792:
791:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
727:Islamic music
724:
720:
716:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:example, the
664:
660:
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653:
648:
638:
634:
631:
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510:
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504:
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483:
478:
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467:
462:
458:
453:
448:
444:
443:walking stick
440:
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108:
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103:
102:Tigray Region
100:
98:
97:Amhara Region
95:
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75:
70:
64:
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59:
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38:
34:
31:
28:
24:
19:
16:
3887:
3873:
3859:
3648:Vatican City
3598:Turkmenistan
3498:South Africa
3468:Sierra Leone
3448:Saudi Arabia
2972:
2823:Burkina Faso
2483:Record label
2369:Music school
2229:Concert band
2139:Angular harp
2066:Circus music
1951:Arabic music
1837:
1814:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1786:
1775:. Retrieved
1771:
1761:
1733:
1727:
1716:. Retrieved
1712:The Guardian
1710:
1697:
1686:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1657:
1632:. Retrieved
1628:the original
1621:
1598:
1592:
1581:. Retrieved
1579:. 2011-04-05
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1497:. Retrieved
1495:. 2019-01-10
1492:
1483:
1451:
1439:
1388:. Retrieved
1381:the original
1376:
1363:
1323:cite journal
1308:
1293:
1238:record label
1235:
1174:
1153:
1151:
1136:synthesizers
1123:
1122:
1115:
1102:Neway Debebe
1099:
1094:
1087:Bill Laswell
1077:
1055:
1029:seminna-werq
1023:Neway Debebe
1004:
997:
986:Amha Records
934:Hirut Bekele
923:
907:World War II
879:
864:
858:January 2019
855:
840:Please help
828:
759:
749:
735:
722:
713:
645:The various
644:
635:
632:
628:
625:
621:
604:
600:civilization
594:
516:
505:, and other
487:lamellophone
459:use a small
428:
347:
334:musical bows
321:
305:
286:
285:include the
280:
272:
266:
258:Chordophones
242:
231:heterophonic
224:
181:
175:
167:modal system
162:
161:
149:Other topics
116:Local scenes
15:
3752:Terminology
3732:Instruments
3538:Switzerland
3508:South Sudan
3503:South Korea
3428:Saint Lucia
3383:Philippines
3328:North Korea
3308:New Zealand
3303:Netherlands
3108:Ivory Coast
2948:El Salvador
2693:Afghanistan
2660:Micronesian
2461:Compilation
2374:Composition
2269:Composition
2234:Disc jockey
2207:Backup band
2134:Arched Harp
1891:Prehistoric
1201:Lij Michael
1154:Éthiopiques
1146:Aster Aweke
1124:Éthiopiques
1058:Aster Aweke
1015:Walias Band
1011:Ethio Stars
999:Éthiopiques
974:Mary Armede
915:Police Band
899:Arba Lijoch
887:brass bands
682:, Kenbata,
525:is a large
457:Beta Israel
401:fundamental
385:animal horn
271:(left) and
107:Addis Ababa
3638:Uzbekistan
3558:Tajikistan
3463:Seychelles
3443:San Marino
3278:Mozambique
3268:Montenegro
3238:Mauritania
3203:Madagascar
3198:Luxembourg
3153:Kyrgyzstan
3128:Kazakhstan
2933:East Timor
2883:Costa Rica
2848:Cape Verde
2758:Bangladesh
2743:Azerbaijan
2665:Polynesian
2655:Melanesian
2437:Production
2416:Organology
2381:Musicology
2116:Soul music
2071:Folk music
2056:Vernacular
1816:2020-10-09
1777:2017-08-26
1735:Libération
1718:2013-03-02
1583:2022-02-05
1499:2019-01-10
1475:explained"
1390:2020-04-10
1356:Ras Deshen
1265:References
1172:(France).
1117:Ras Deshen
1070:Teddy Afro
1050:Teddy Afro
980:innovator
978:Ethio-jazz
731:Protestant
425:Idiophones
419:pan flutes
387:; compare
344:Aerophones
320:; and the
235:polyphonic
227:monophonic
171:pentatonic
82:Ethio-jazz
3773:Album era
3653:Venezuela
3518:Sri Lanka
3473:Singapore
3358:Palestine
3313:Nicaragua
3243:Mauritius
3193:Lithuania
3078:Indonesia
3033:Guatemala
2733:Australia
2723:Argentina
2643:Caribbean
2597:Southeast
2322:and study
2320:Education
2310:Technique
2191:Ensembles
2101:Pop music
1933:Art music
1911:Religious
1670:March 10,
1634:March 10,
1460:maqwamiya
1300:Macmillan
1205:Jano Band
1185:Jano Band
1126:producer
1019:Roha Band
958:Alemu Aga
938:Ali Birra
911:Army Band
897:orphans (
891:Jerusalem
829:does not
772:Dire Dawa
738:Christian
668:Tigrayans
527:hand drum
463:called a
445:, called
72:Subgenres
53:saxophone
3910:Category
3894:Category
3707:Timeline
3678:Zimbabwe
3568:Thailand
3563:Tanzania
3528:Suriname
3483:Slovenia
3478:Slovakia
3393:Portugal
3373:Paraguay
3348:Pakistan
3263:Mongolia
3218:Maldives
3213:Malaysia
3138:Kiribati
3058:Honduras
2973:Ethiopia
2968:Eswatini
2923:Dominica
2918:Djibouti
2873:Colombia
2838:Cameroon
2833:Cambodia
2818:Bulgaria
2803:Botswana
2763:Barbados
2650:Oceanian
2604:European
2560:Southern
2493:Sampling
2290:Notation
2224:Big band
2186:Musician
1916:Biblical
1292:(eds.).
1248:See also
1197:Teddy Yo
895:Armenian
700:Tigrinya
680:Welayita
612:Ethiopia
596:Ethiopia
499:Majangir
447:mequamia
405:interval
379:holdudwa
247:Majangir
220:tempered
211:anchihoy
204:ambassel
169:that is
125:Begmeder
30:Ethiopia
3803:Warfare
3702:Outline
3658:Vietnam
3643:Vanuatu
3633:Uruguay
3613:Ukraine
3588:Tunisia
3493:Somalia
3453:Senegal
3408:Romania
3323:Nigeria
3288:Namibia
3283:Myanmar
3273:Morocco
3253:Moldova
3178:Liberia
3173:Lesotho
3168:Lebanon
3113:Jamaica
3093:Ireland
3068:Iceland
3063:Hungary
3028:Grenada
3013:Germany
3008:Georgia
2988:Finland
2963:Estonia
2958:Eritrea
2938:Ecuador
2913:Denmark
2888:Croatia
2878:Comoros
2828:Burundi
2793:Bolivia
2773:Belgium
2768:Belarus
2753:Bahrain
2748:Bahamas
2738:Austria
2728:Armenia
2708:Andorra
2703:Algeria
2698:Albania
2577:Central
2545:Central
2540:African
1923:Secular
1906:Martial
1896:Ancient
1466:senasel
1222:Rophnan
1210:hip hop
1193:Amharic
1181:hip hop
1078:Abugida
850:removed
835:sources
790:azmaris
764:Amharic
704:Eritrea
692:Eskista
676:Gurages
672:Amharas
661:” and “
533:nagarit
507:Nilotic
439:sistrum
429:In the
395:Embilta
371:malakat
365:Trumpet
352:washint
294:masinko
288:masenqo
277:(right)
268:Masenqo
58:washint
48:masenqo
3712:Albums
3673:Zambia
3608:Uganda
3603:Tuvalu
3593:Turkey
3553:Taiwan
3533:Sweden
3458:Serbia
3418:Rwanda
3413:Russia
3388:Poland
3363:Panama
3338:Norway
3258:Monaco
3248:Mexico
3208:Malawi
3163:Latvia
3148:Kuwait
3143:Kosovo
3123:Jordan
3098:Israel
3048:Guyana
3038:Guinea
3023:Greece
3003:Gambia
2993:France
2898:Cyprus
2843:Canada
2813:Brunei
2808:Brazil
2788:Bhutan
2778:Belize
2713:Angola
2684:
2614:Nordic
2609:Balkan
2444:Single
2349:Method
2300:Lyrics
2264:Theory
1602:, n.d.
1472:kebero
1358:, 200.
1220:named
1158:Boston
1134:using
1111:qenets
1095:Hagere
992:, and
972:, and
917:, and
723:mezmur
696:Amhara
684:Sidama
652:Oromia
647:tribes
585:Sidama
577:Hadiya
553:, the
539:Gurage
521:kebero
479:. The
472:qachel
466:qachel
389:shofar
358:bamboo
323:begena
304:; the
216:tizita
208:, and
190:tezeta
135:Gojjam
63:begena
3747:Songs
3697:Index
3690:Lists
3668:Yemen
3578:Tonga
3543:Syria
3523:Sudan
3513:Spain
3438:Samoa
3398:Qatar
3353:Palau
3318:Niger
3298:Nepal
3293:Nauru
3228:Malta
3183:Libya
3133:Kenya
3118:Japan
3103:Italy
3073:India
3053:Haiti
3018:Ghana
2998:Gabon
2943:Egypt
2868:China
2863:Chile
2783:Benin
2592:South
2572:Asian
2555:North
2518:Remix
2513:Cover
2471:Remix
2285:Genre
2154:Nafir
2076:Blues
2058:music
1901:Dance
1875:Music
1384:(PDF)
1373:(PDF)
1074:tenor
780:Jimma
776:Harar
768:Oromo
742:Yared
688:Dawro
663:Harar
659:Oromo
656:Shewa
608:Islam
581:Gedeo
566:odola
560:anedo
555:Anuak
545:atamo
503:Surma
495:Anuak
452:dawal
417:, or
414:fanta
409:Konso
361:flute
356:is a
338:south
313:kirar
299:bowed
239:Dorze
183:qenet
140:Wello
130:Shewa
3840:Folk
3573:Togo
3378:Peru
3343:Oman
3223:Mali
3158:Laos
3088:Iraq
3083:Iran
2983:Fiji
2893:Cuba
2858:Chad
2582:East
2565:West
2550:East
2466:Live
2305:Song
2280:Form
2096:Jazz
1672:2007
1636:2007
1469:and
1336:help
1259:Qene
1216:and
1199:and
1179:and
1177:rock
1083:jazz
1066:Gigi
1035:qiné
1017:and
1007:Derg
952:and
833:any
831:cite
778:and
766:and
760:Zema
751:Zema
517:The
491:Nuer
485:, a
482:toom
477:bell
461:gong
348:The
329:dita
318:lyre
307:krar
302:lute
274:Krar
243:edho
197:bati
43:Krar
2344:PhD
1160:'s
984:.
844:by
572:bul
229:or
3912::
1836:,
1795:.
1770:.
1744:^
1709:.
1656:.
1644:^
1620:.
1608:^
1491:.
1463:,
1399:^
1375:.
1344:^
1327::
1325:}}
1321:{{
1288:;
1272:^
1214:DJ
1164:,
1120:.
1068:,
1064:,
1060:,
1013:,
988:,
968:,
964:,
960:,
948:,
944:,
940:,
936:,
932:,
928:,
921:.
913:,
774:,
758:.
729:.
686:,
583:,
579:,
501:,
497:,
493:,
433:,
340:.
237:.
200:,
194:,
1867:e
1860:t
1853:v
1819:.
1799:.
1780:.
1738:.
1721:.
1691:.
1674:.
1638:.
1586:.
1502:.
1393:.
1338:)
1334:(
1317:.
871:)
865:(
860:)
856:(
852:.
838:.
383:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
