38:
1594:
856:
1168:
836:
1143:
1119:
1580:
884:
1085:. Most studies conclude that there has been impressive consistency since the 1500s. It is likely that Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. Regional varieties may have become standardized over time, and more symbols and segments of music have become available for composers.
866:
846:
929:
146:
1254:
Ethiopian
Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. Ethiopian Church music remains tightly bounded within the communities and rarely attracts attention by outsiders. Ethiopian Christian music is largely sustained by communities of descent.
1035:
By the beginning of the sixth century, in Yared's lifetime, Ethiopia had been
Christianized. Around that period, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church already had a corpus of prayers. Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that.
1269:
Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of
Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. The emigrants brought their secular and liturgical music traditions with them. There is a large concentration of qualified priests
2046:
1065:
Ethiopian liturgical chants are based on both written and oral sources, but the isolation of
Ethiopia and the lack of source material make it difficult to reconstruct the exact history of Ethiopian church music.
1016:. Yared, who lived in the sixth century, represents the first known case of indigenous Ethiopian musical notation and religious music. He invented three forms of chanting. They are known as
1894:
2059:
809:
1193:
Students of
Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and begin practicing singing in childhood. Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called
1955:
1244:
804:
912:
37:
1765:
2401:
2055:
491:
1874:
859:
1851:
1702:
304:
1239:
869:
905:
259:
2088:
Ashenafi Kebede (1980). "The Sacred Chant of
Ethiopian Monotheistic Churches: Music in Black Jewish and Christian Communities".
1282:
However, Ethiopian
Churches in smaller communities face challenges in maintaining the liturgical cycle and musical tradition.
1146:
1122:
2010:
982:. Through history, the Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants.
2177:
2158:
2139:
1798:
1738:
719:
942:
754:
946:
849:
2427:
998:
971:
898:
263:
191:
79:
2203:
228:
196:
1920:
272:
176:
2132:
Ethiopian
Christian liturgical chant: An Anthology: Part 1: General introduction; Dictionaries of notational signs
2256:
764:
333:
654:
1032:
of the
Ethiopian Church attests that Ethiopian liturgical chants are faithful to Yared and divine in nature.
412:
290:
250:
564:
2219:
2118:
2151:
Ethiopian
Christian liturgical chant: An anthology: Part 2: Performance Practice; The Liturgical Portions
1764:[Choir of Saint Yared: Songs of the Ethiopian Church] (in French). Maison des Cultures du Monde.
839:
127:
1935:
1761:
1177:
1046:, in particular are of much later origin, dating from the second half of the 16th century. Most of the
769:
407:
2422:
442:
343:
255:
171:
624:
614:
348:
1197:
and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the
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219:
2187:
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779:
383:
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353:
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1698:
373:
8:
2249:
1585:
1549:
1264:
1125:
by former members of Temero Mastemar and Meserete Haimanot Spiritual Associations choir,
1047:
888:
749:
589:
309:
181:
2190:(1990). "Christian Chant in Syria, Armenia, Egypt, and Ethiopia". In Crocker, Richard;
2105:
1947:
1054:
since the fourth century. Ancient chanted liturgy with congregation participating with
774:
689:
659:
511:
501:
388:
338:
135:
2170:
Ethiopian Christian liturgical chant: An anthology: Part 3: History of Ethiopian Chant
1073:) used for the chants, is not a typical notational system since it does not represent
2381:
2265:
2199:
2173:
2154:
2135:
1951:
1794:
1734:
1612:
994:
789:
704:
629:
186:
2366:
2097:
2017:
1992:
1939:
1886:
1279:
1013:
978:. The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with
967:
679:
674:
452:
437:
69:
1380:
1363:
1346:
1329:
1312:
1306:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2355:
2289:
1635:
1247:
that liturgical dance, that always accompanies the music, has its origins in the
1093:
936:
799:
649:
594:
569:
506:
496:
2432:
2376:
2361:
2331:
2304:
2284:
2242:
1237:). A student is considered ready when he has mastered the complicated genre of
1092:
was not recorded until the 1950s when priest Mere Geta Lisanework assisted the
1038:
699:
664:
559:
535:
472:
299:
1943:
1918:
1171:
2416:
2234:
1599:
1248:
1074:
634:
447:
1890:
1817:
1660:
2371:
2341:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2294:
1996:
1607:
1507:
1089:
1051:
1012:
has been credited with the invention of the musical tradition of Ethiopian
964:
694:
554:
530:
402:
2191:
1181:
1009:
979:
709:
609:
477:
42:
20:
2109:
1983:
Tamrat, Taddesse (1985). "A short Note on the Ethiopian Church Music".
1790:
Ethiopia - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture
1561:
1029:
744:
639:
2346:
1555:
1467:
1446:
1209:
1059:
619:
102:
2101:
1919:
Kay Kaufman Shelemay; Peter Jeffery; Ingrid Monson (January 1993).
1429:
Low and deep voice. Humming at the lowest range of the male voice.
1410:
1219:
1150:
1149:, St. Mary Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in Los Angeles, from
1130:
1082:
1055:
1043:
759:
644:
525:
112:
145:
2309:
2229:
1579:
1528:
1229:
1214:
1180:, recorded by Beide Mariam Ejigu Retta at St Stephen's Church in
883:
784:
599:
107:
2048:
Music in the Ethiopian American Diaspora: A Preliminary Overview
1692:"Ethiopian Christian Liturgical Chant & Historical Context"
1487:
1199:
1126:
1078:
814:
92:
16:
Liturgical chant used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
2196:
The New Oxford History of Music: The Early Middle Ages to 1300
2268:
1726:
739:
669:
1921:"Oral and Written Transmission in Ethiopian Christian Chant"
1204:
97:
1062:
and rhythmic movements has been retained from that era.
2016:. Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency. Archived from
2168:
Shelemay, Kay Kaufman; Jeffery, Peter, eds. (1997).
2149:
Shelemay, Kay Kaufman; Jeffery, Peter, eds. (1994).
2130:
Shelemay, Kay Kaufman; Jeffery, Peter, eds. (1993).
1762:"Choeur Saint Yared: Chants de L'église Éthiopienne"
1575:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1720:
1173:Saint Yared's Hymn for the Feast of Saint Stephen
2414:
1835:
2167:
2148:
2129:
2087:
2040:
2038:
1914:
1912:
55:
2264:
2056:Norwegian University of Science and Technology
1727:Jacob Olupona; Regina Gemignani (1 May 2007).
993:means a pleasing sound, a song or a melody in
2250:
2116:
2003:
1812:
1810:
906:
2035:
1909:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1636:"Ethiopian chant | vocal music | Britannica"
2186:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1653:
1233:) and some will eventually become masters (
974:. The related musical notation is known as
2257:
2243:
1807:
913:
899:
36:
2119:"St. Yared: The Great Ethiopian Composer"
1978:
1976:
1780:
1678:
19:"Zema" redirects here. For the name, see
2198:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press.
2044:
1848:"The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church"
1747:
947:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2415:
1982:
1973:
1875:"Ethiopian Christian Liturgical Chant"
1786:
1730:African Immigrant Religions in America
1689:
2238:
1872:
1708:from the original on 22 February 2017
2011:"2007 Ethiopian census, first draft"
1897:from the original on 19 January 2022
1630:
1628:
1285:
949: instead of Ethiopic characters.
845:
865:
13:
2117:Ayele Bekerie (29 November 2007).
2081:
1961:from the original on 10 April 2017
1768:from the original on 10 April 2017
999:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
972:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
80:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
14:
2444:
2213:
1854:from the original on 1 April 2017
1625:
997:, the liturgical language of the
1787:Howard, Sarah (4 January 2011).
1592:
1578:
1258:
1166:
1151:http://www.ethiopianorthodox.org
1141:
1131:http://www.ethiopianorthodox.org
1117:
927:
882:
864:
855:
854:
844:
835:
834:
273:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
144:
1873:Tribe, Tania (1 January 2000).
2090:The Black Perspective in Music
2045:Shelemay, Kay Kaufman (2009).
1866:
1:
1879:Journal of Religion in Africa
1618:
1486:Usually means a change to an
413:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
291:History of Oriental Orthodoxy
251:French Coptic Orthodox Church
2222:at www.ethiopianorthodox.org
985:
7:
1571:
1547:Comparable to simultaneous
1243:. It has been suggested by
1099:
10:
2449:
1936:Cambridge University Press
1733:. NYU Press. p. 213.
1262:
1004:
955:Ethiopian liturgical chant
770:Apostolic Church-Ordinance
408:Oriental Orthodox Theology
153:Oriental Orthodox churches
31:Ethiopian liturgical chant
18:
2428:Ethiopian styles of music
2340:
2275:
1944:10.1017/S0261127900000140
1293:Terms for rates of speed
1165:
1160:
1140:
1116:
1111:
1106:
443:Anaphora of Saint Gregory
85:
75:
64:
50:
45:and his disciples singing
35:
30:
1885:(487). Leiden: 487–490.
1793:. Kuperard. p. 64.
1690:Scelta, Gabe F. (2011).
625:Athanasius of Alexandria
1891:10.1163/157006600X00438
1640:Encyclopædia Britannica
1465:Comparable to downward
1393:Notational signs (ቅርጽ)
889:Christianity portal
655:Dioscorus of Alexandria
610:Nine Saints of Ethiopia
605:Gregory the Illuminator
541:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible
315:Saint Thomas Christians
56:
2300:Ethiopian and Eritrean
1997:10.3406/ethio.1985.928
1186:retrieved 1 April 2017
1155:retrieved 1 April 2017
1135:retrieved 1 April 2017
1088:Any form of Ethiopian
1069:The musical notation (
935:This article contains
715:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
468:Liturgy of Saint Cyril
463:Liturgy of Saint Basil
458:Liturgy of Saint James
2153:. A-R Editions, Inc.
2134:. A-R Editions, Inc.
1444:Comparable to upward
1263:Further information:
1081:. Rather, it is as a
720:Geevarghese Gregorios
431:Anaphora & Rites:
426:Liturgy and practices
2266:Christian liturgical
1699:University of London
1223:. Singing students (
1052:Miaphysite Christian
755:Patriarch of Antioch
322:Ecumenical Councils:
285:History and theology
210:Independent churches
1928:Early Music History
1586:Christianity portal
1394:
1350:. Moderately fast.
1294:
1265:Ethiopian Americans
1245:Monneret de Villard
1048:Ethiopian Highlands
828:Links and resources
750:Catholicos of India
590:Cyril of Alexandria
241:Autonomous churches
229:Malabar Independent
86:Typical instruments
2188:Velimirović, Miloš
1985:Annales d'Ethiopie
1392:
1292:
1227:) become singers (
775:Coptic monasticism
690:Michael the Syrian
665:Abraham of Farshut
660:Severus of Antioch
137:Oriental Orthodoxy
2410:
2409:
2179:978-0-89579-285-3
2160:978-0-89579-294-5
2141:978-0-89579-285-3
1818:"Zema for Christ"
1800:978-1-85733-620-7
1740:978-0-8147-6212-7
1661:"Zema for Christ"
1613:Giyorgis of Segla
1569:
1568:
1388:
1387:
1286:Notational system
1274:) and musicians (
1191:
1190:
1147:Meskle Teshekemen
1123:Abetu Fetariachin
1014:liturgical chants
970:practiced by the
943:rendering support
923:
922:
790:Coonan Cross Oath
705:Giyorgis of Segla
630:Ephrem the Syrian
187:Orthodox Tewahedo
121:
120:
65:Stylistic origins
2440:
2423:Christian chants
2259:
2252:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2209:
2183:
2172:. A-R Editions.
2164:
2145:
2126:
2113:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2058:. Archived from
2053:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1925:
1916:
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1863:
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1280:Washington, D.C.
1249:Ancient Egyptian
1174:
1170:
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1144:
1121:
1120:
1104:
1103:
968:liturgical chant
931:
930:
915:
908:
901:
887:
886:
868:
867:
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857:
848:
847:
838:
837:
810:Tewahedo fasting
765:Ethiopian titles
680:Gregory of Narek
675:Simon the Tanner
565:St. Thomas Cross
453:West Syriac Rite
438:Alexandrian Rite
334:Constantinople I
305:Tewahedo history
148:
138:
123:
122:
76:Cultural origins
70:liturgical chant
59:
40:
28:
27:
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2142:
2123:Tadias Magazine
2102:10.2307/1214519
2084:
2082:Further reading
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2078:
2068:
2066:
2065:on 1 April 2016
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1964:
1962:
1958:
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1857:
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1822:Music In Africa
1816:
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1808:
1801:
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1781:
1771:
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1748:
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1665:Music In Africa
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1634:
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1626:
1621:
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1288:
1267:
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1167:
1142:
1118:
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1094:Ethiopian Radio
1007:
988:
963:, is a form of
952:
951:
950:
941:Without proper
932:
928:
919:
881:
876:
875:
874:
829:
821:
820:
819:
800:Fast of Nineveh
795:Ethiopian chant
734:
726:
725:
724:
650:Mesrop Mashtots
584:
576:
575:
574:
570:Ethiopian cross
545:
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482:
427:
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60:
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24:
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2223:
2220:Oriental songs
2215:
2214:External links
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2211:
2210:
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2178:
2165:
2159:
2146:
2140:
2127:
2114:
2083:
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2034:
2023:on 4 June 2012
2002:
1991:(1): 137–143.
1972:
1908:
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1526:Comparable to
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1505:Comparable to
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1408:Comparable to
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1378:Comparable to
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1361:Comparable to
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1351:
1344:Comparable to
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1327:Comparable to
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1304:Comparable to
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1138:
1137:
1114:
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1109:
1108:
1107:External media
1101:
1098:
1096:in recording.
1039:Book of Deggua
1006:
1003:
987:
984:
945:, you may see
933:
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805:Coptic fasting
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733:Related topics
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700:Tekle Haymanot
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536:Armenian Bible
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473:Malankara Rite
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300:Coptic history
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2054:. Trondheim:
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2019:
2012:
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1396:
1384:. Very fast.
1383:
1382:
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1360:
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1354:
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1349:
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1316:. Very slow.
1315:
1314:
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1301:
1297:
1296:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1259:United States
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937:Ethiopic text
916:
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615:Tiridates III
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2322:Prostopinije
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2226:EOTC channel
2195:
2192:Hiley, David
2169:
2150:
2131:
2122:
2096:(1): 20–34.
2093:
2089:
2067:. Retrieved
2060:the original
2047:
2025:. Retrieved
2018:the original
2005:
1988:
1984:
1963:. Retrieved
1931:
1927:
1899:. Retrieved
1882:
1878:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1825:. Retrieved
1821:
1789:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1729:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1668:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:
1608:Coptic music
1560:
1554:
1548:
1538:
1527:
1517:
1506:
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1435:
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1323:Nuis-mereged
1322:
1311:
1305:
1299:
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1228:
1224:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1195:aqwaqwam bét
1194:
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1185:
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1134:
1090:gospel music
1087:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1042:, Ethiopian
1037:
1034:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1008:
990:
989:
975:
959:
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794:
695:Bar Hebraeus
555:Coptic cross
531:Coptic Bible
403:Miaphysitism
379:Capharthutha
25:
1550:accelerando
1381:prestissimo
1340:Abiy-tsefat
1225:däqä mermur
1182:Addis Ababa
1010:Saint Yared
980:Saint Yared
870:WikiProject
710:Mar Thoma I
478:Holy Qurobo
349:Ephesus III
51:Native name
43:Saint Yared
21:Zema (name)
2417:Categories
2367:Beneventan
2358:(Milanese)
1938:: 55–117.
1645:19 January
1619:References
1562:portamento
1347:allegretto
1030:Synaxarium
745:Catholicos
640:Frumentius
485:Calendars:
384:Shirakavan
344:Ephesus II
2397:Old Roman
2392:Mozarabic
2387:Gregorian
2356:Ambrosian
2347:Plainsong
2290:Byzantine
1952:193208295
1556:crescendo
1468:glissando
1447:glissando
1210:tsanatsel
1060:ululation
1050:had been
1044:antiphons
986:Etymology
965:Christian
860:Templates
685:Nerses IV
620:Mar Awgin
595:Mor Addai
512:Gregorian
502:Ethiopian
396:Theology:
374:Manzikert
339:Ephesus I
264:Jerusalem
192:Ethiopian
103:tsanatsel
2382:Gelineau
2377:Gallican
2362:Anglican
2332:Znamenny
2305:Galician
2285:Armenian
2194:(eds.).
1956:Archived
1895:Archived
1852:Archived
1766:Archived
1703:Archived
1572:See also
1411:staccato
1367:. Fast.
1333:. Slow.
1235:märigéta
1220:mequamia
1100:Practice
1083:mnemonic
1071:melekket
1056:clapping
976:melekket
840:Category
760:Maphrian
645:Shenoute
526:Peshitta
492:Armenian
364:Dvin III
329:Nicaea I
256:Armenian
197:Eritrean
172:Armenian
128:a series
126:Part of
113:mequamia
68:Ancient
2402:Ravenna
2342:Western
2310:Obikhod
2277:Eastern
2230:YouTube
2110:1214519
2069:5 April
1965:1 April
1901:1 April
1858:1 April
1827:1 April
1772:1 April
1712:1 April
1670:1 April
1529:tremolo
1520:(ርክርክ)
1490:lower.
1374:Arwasti
1364:allegro
1300:Mereged
1276:däbtära
1251:dance.
1230:däbtära
1215:sistrum
1178:YouTube
1129:, from
1005:History
785:Debtera
600:Abgar V
389:Hromkla
369:Dvin IV
359:Dvin II
220:British
182:Cilicia
108:sistrum
2372:Celtic
2327:Syrian
2315:Kievan
2295:Coptic
2202:
2176:
2157:
2138:
2108:
1950:
1797:
1737:
1541:(ሂደት)
1518:Rikrik
1499:(ቁርጥ)
1488:octave
1480:(ድፋት)
1459:(ጭረት)
1457:Chiret
1438:(ቅናት)
1423:(ደረት)
1402:(ይዘት)
1357:Tsefat
1330:adagio
1217:, and
1200:kebero
1127:London
1079:melody
1028:. The
1018:ararai
815:Timkat
548:Cross:
519:Bible:
507:Julian
497:Coptic
354:Dvin I
269:Syriac
247:Coptic
225:Syriac
216:Coptic
177:Indian
167:Syriac
162:Coptic
93:Kebero
2433:Yared
2269:chant
2106:JSTOR
2063:(PDF)
2052:(PDF)
2027:6 May
2021:(PDF)
2014:(PDF)
1959:(PDF)
1948:S2CID
1924:(PDF)
1706:(PDF)
1695:(PDF)
1539:Hidet
1478:Difat
1436:Kinat
1421:Deret
1400:Yizet
1313:grave
1307:largo
1278:) in
1205:drums
1161:Video
1112:Audio
1075:pitch
1026:geeze
995:Ge'ez
957:, or
850:Media
740:Abuna
670:Yared
98:drums
2200:ISBN
2174:ISBN
2155:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2071:2017
2029:2009
1967:2017
1903:2017
1860:2017
1829:2017
1795:ISBN
1774:2017
1735:ISBN
1714:2017
1672:2017
1647:2022
1559:and
1508:coda
1497:Kurt
1310:and
1240:qené
1024:and
1022:ezil
991:Zema
960:Zema
57:Zema
2228:on
2098:doi
1993:doi
1940:doi
1887:doi
1537:8.
1516:7.
1495:6.
1476:5.
1455:4.
1434:3.
1419:2.
1398:1.
1372:5.
1355:4.
1338:3.
1321:2.
1298:1.
1272:qes
1176:on
1077:or
2419::
2121:.
2104:.
2092:.
2037:^
1989:13
1987:.
1975:^
1954:.
1946:.
1934:.
1932:12
1930:.
1926:.
1911:^
1893:.
1883:30
1881:.
1877:.
1850:.
1837:^
1820:.
1809:^
1749:^
1701:.
1697:.
1680:^
1663:.
1638:.
1627:^
1565:.
1553:,
1544:᎗
1532:.
1523:᎓
1511:.
1502:᎙
1483:᎔
1471:.
1462:᎖
1450:.
1441:᎕
1426:᎑
1414:.
1405:᎐
1213:,
1207:,
1203:,
1184:,
1153:,
1133:,
1058:,
1020:,
1001:.
271::
262:,
258::
249::
227::
218::
130:on
2349:)
2345:(
2258:e
2251:t
2244:v
2208:.
2182:.
2163:.
2144:.
2125:.
2112:.
2100::
2094:8
2073:.
2031:.
1999:.
1995::
1969:.
1942::
1905:.
1889::
1862:.
1831:.
1803:.
1776:.
1743:.
1716:.
1674:.
1649:.
1270:(
939:.
914:e
907:t
900:v
293::
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_His_Disciples_Singing_A_Song_In_Front_Of_King_Gebreme_Skel_._._.%22_(3171512810).jpg)
