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812:) series. There are six tapestries that make up this collection, each one representing a different sense. There are the five main senses (smell, hearing, taste, touch and sight) and it is the sixth tapestry that depicts the Lady with the Unicorn. The mysterious meaning of this sixth has produced multiple interpretations over the years. The most commonly embraced interpretation understands the Lady as representing It a sixth sense of morality or spirituality, as she puts aside her worldly wealth.
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728:. These workshops first started producing pieces in the second quarter of the 12th century. Limoges is located in the southwestern, central part of France; its gold and enameled masterpieces were collected throughout Europe by the end of the 12th century. The goldsmiths and other artists produced varying kinds of products including crosses, shrines, altarpieces, candlesticks and much more. They tended to be religious in nature.
334:), from which it was released in 1977. A new museography was created in the late 1940s, with a thematic display of works focusing on different workmanship categories and techniques such as stonework, ironwork, glasswork, etc. A garden opened in 1971, including a 'unicorn's forest" inspired by the museum's iconic tapestries series of
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In the 15th century, the opulence of urban elites encouraged artistic production as the demand for art increased. People began ordering artistic objects for everyday life, such as furniture, tapestries, ceramics, game pieces, etc. It is at this time that Paris became a capital of luxury. Here various
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One of the reasons that pieces from these workshops were so successful is because the materials were affordable. As such, they were able to produce in mass. Not only were they producing a lot of products, but products of quality as well. The colors were vivid and the subject matter was depicted with
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and the Cluny. Today, the Cluny holds three of these crowns, as well as crosses, pendants and hanging chains from the same discovery. These items were symbols of royal power and date back to the 7th century. They were most likely offered to the religious establishments in Toledo, the then capital of
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for ancillary facilities in 2016-2018; and a chronologically reorganized display of medieval art collections, including structural alterations such as a new staircase in the building's northeastern corner, conducted from 2019 to 2022. The renovated museum reopened on 12 May 2022, for a total cost of
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Sainte-Chapelle not only donated pieces of stained-glass to the Cluny, but also six statues of apostles made from limestone. These statues were once located on the pillars of the upper chapel in Sainte-Chapelle, but can be seen in the Cluny today. These statues were made in the 1320s and originally
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The Cluny also has one of the most vast collections of stained-glass in France. Their collection includes 230 panels, medallions and fragments from the 12th century to the 14th. Sainte-Chapelle has donated some panels from their iconic stained-glass windows to the Cluny as well, including one panel
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The Cluny possesses
Romanesque art from other countries as well, such as England, Italy and Spain. One of the more famous examples is the English crosier from the middle of the 12th century. This piece, made from ivory, displays multiple eagles and lions. Another famous work in ivory is the Italian
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was crowned king of Rome on
February 2, 962. This crowning marks the beginning of a renaissance in this part of Western Europe. Similar to Charlemagne, Otto I later took the title of Emperor Augustus. In 972, the emperor Otto II married the princess Théophano, who became the empress of Rome and can
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The Hôtel de Cluny is a rare extant example of the civic architecture of medieval Paris, erected in the late 15th century to replace an earlier structure built by Pierre de
Chaslus after the Cluny Abbey acquired the ancient Roman baths in 1340. At that time, the mansion was part of a larger complex
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If the 12th century was all about experimentation, the 13th and 14th centuries in Paris represent artistic maturity. It is at this time that the demand for non-religious art increases. There are two themes that dominate
Parisian art in the 13th century: an interest in Antiquity and a new attention
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by the boatmen of Paris. It contains inscriptions dedicated to the Roman god
Jupiter as well as Celtic references, making it a great example of the two cultures melding together on one artifact. It was discovered in the 18th century, under the choir of Notre-Dame de Paris. Another ancient artifact
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There is more ancient art outside of the frigidarium, including two lion heads made from rock crystal. The lion heads were made between the 4th and the 5th centuries in the Roman Empire. Although their purpose is not known, the most likely hypothesis is that they were made to decorate an imperial
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to describe the art that comes after the
Carolingian empire, but before Gothic art. Before the 19th century, most of the art from the Middle Ages was referred to as Gothic art. Romanesque art is defined by its use of light and color. The Romanesque artists are masters of volume and contrast. The
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One example is the noteworthy ivory sculpture from
Constantinople called Ariane. Ariane dates back to the first half of the 6th century and was most likely produced to adorn a piece of furniture. The statue includes Ariane, fauns and a few Angels of Love. It is one of the most iconic examples of
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function as columns. There is a double capital that depicts two harpies facing each other that comes from the church at Saint-Denis, made between 1140 and 1145. Another artifact from Saint-Denis is the head from a statue-column of Queen Saba. This statue-column was produced in the 12th century.
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Artists in 12th century Paris experimented artistically, exploring a new conception of space and the relationship between architecture, sculpture and stained glass, as seen in the Sainte-Chapelle. The Cluny houses many examples of this experimentation, such as 'double' capitals and statues that
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There are two central elements to
Romanesque art: pedagogy and devotion. The evolution of faith is a common theme of these works. One example in the Cluny today is a capital that was made in Paris between 1030 and 1040. Referred to as the Majestic Christ capital, it was created for the
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began an era known as the
Byzantine period. Between 843 and the fall of the Byzantine empire in 1204, the politics and art of this empire flourished. During this part of the Middle Ages in the West, the Byzantine art was a link to traditional literature, philosophy and Greco-Roman art.
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paintings are relatively simple, focusing on the narrative. From the
Romanesque period onward, reliquaries and other religious artifacts were no longer kept in crypts, and instead were displayed on the altars in churches. Visibility of faith was of the utmost importance at this time.
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The museum is 11,500 square feet, 6,500 of which are designed for expositions. It contains around 23,000 artifacts dating from the Gallo-Roman period up until the 16th century. There are currently 2,300 artifacts on display. The collections contain pieces from Europe, the
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and his student Platin emphasize the importance of light in the Creation story. This has parallels in changes happening architecturally in Paris at the same time. Supporting beams and arches are thinned to allow more space for windows to allow in more light. The
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bought the Hôtel de Cluny and used it to display his large collection of medieval and Renaissance objects. Upon his death in 1842, the collection was purchased by the French state. The building was opened as a museum in 1843, with Sommerard's son
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768:, with its tall and beautiful stained glass windows, displays this change in architecture. The upper cathedral has 15 window bays that encircle the entire room, each 50 feet tall, giving the illusion that the visitor is surrounded by light.
176:. The museum houses one of the largest collections of art from the Middle Ages, consisting of 23,000 items, of which about 2,300 are exhibited. The museum's holding including the iconic series of six 15th-century tapestries known as
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617:). This was one of the most important discoveries related to the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania. Of the original twenty-six crowns, there are 10 left today. The remaining crowns have been spread between two museums: the
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known as Cluny III. This included a redesign of the Lady and the Unicorn display in 2013; cleaning-up of the Roman baths and medieval chapel in 2015-2017; the construction of a new building designed by architect
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made from limestone. Produced around 1260 in Paris, the statue depicts a nude Adam, who is covering himself with the leaves from a small tree. The influence of Antiquity is evident in this work.
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The Cluny also possesses a Byzantine coffer that contains mythological images and was produced around the year 1000. It was at this time that the Macedonian emperors ruled in Constantinople.
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There are many pieces from Limoges at the Cluny today. Most notably are the two copper plaques from around the year 1190. One depicts the image of Saint Étienne and the other portrays the
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church, the product of a collaboration between two workshops. The Cluny also houses a series of twelve capitals from Saint-Germain-des-Prés made in the beginning of the 11th century.
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that can be seen in the frigidarium is the Saint-Landry pillar. This pillar was sculpted in the second century on l'Île-de-la-Cité, and was discovered during the 19th century.
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This phenomenon is particularly evident in the considerable rise in demand for tapestries. The most famous tapestries at the Cluny today are that of the Lady and the Unicorn (
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in the northern outskirts of Paris, freeing additional space for medieval artworks. In 1981, a new room was created to present recently rediscovered statuary from
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Much of the ancient collections can be found in the frigidarium. Here, the visitor can discover artifacts dating as far back as the romanization of the city of
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The 1120s in Paris saw many changes in art and education. One theme that became vitally important in both arenas was the importance of light. The teachings of
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in 1789, the mansion was confiscated by the state, and for the next three decades served various purposes, including the use of the former Abbots' chapel as a
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artistic movements converged to create an 'international' gothic style. Artists began to sign their work, no longer desiring to remain anonymous.
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was a popular theme in pieces from Limoges and can be found in many of their works. A copper shrine from the year 1200 also depicts this theme.
606:. The Coptic fabrics gained notoriety outside of Egypt and certain pieces. The linen medallion of Jason and Medea is kept in the Cluny today.
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In 2011, the French culture ministry initiated a more comprehensive renovation, dubbed "Cluny 4" in a conscious echo of the latest church of
289:. The chapel also housed the printing press of Nicolas-Léger Moutard, official printer of the Queen of France from 1774 to 1792. During the
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status in 1846, and the thermal baths were granted that status in 1862. In February 1926, the museum was brought under the aegis of the
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2018:
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705:'Olifant' from the end of the 11th century. This piece was created from an elephant tusk and depicts the scene of Jesus' Ascension.
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visited Paris in 1849, and the Hôtel de Cluny evidently fired his imagination. The structure figures prominently in Chapter 41 of
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church. One of the capitals depicts the Biblical story of Noah and another details the story of Abraham. Another piece from
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There are also Romanesque art pieces from Catalonia at the Cluny. There is a series of eight capitals that come from the
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came from Saint-Jacques aux Pèlerins. These statues mark the peak of Parisian art from the middle of the 13th century.
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Séverine Lepape (December 2022), "Musée de Cluny-Musée National du Moyen Âge : Une réouverture attendue",
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Another famous piece of Byzantine ivory found in the Cluny is the plaque that depicts the crowning of
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is a statue of a female saint made from wood that dating to the second half of the 12th century.
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273:. In the 18th century, the tower of the Hôtel de Cluny was used as an observatory by astronomers
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1497:"Archives des musées nationaux, musée de cluny (Série J) - répertoire numérique n° 20144783"
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959:« Melancholic » Apostle, stone, around 1243–1248, from the interior decor of the
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338:. In 1977, the museum's Renaissance art collections were transferred to the newly created
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The circumcision of Christ, made during the first quarter of the 16th century in Antwerp.
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739:. These two plaques decorated the main altar at Grandmont Abbey. The adoration of the
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1758:. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux-Grand Palais. pp. 131–132.
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Ancien hôtel de Cluny et Palais des Thermes, actuellement Musée National du Moyen-Age
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1733:. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux-Grand Palais. pp. 75–76.
1633:. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux-Grand Palais. pp. 41–42.
1580:. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux-Grand Palais. pp. 22–24.
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Sophie Jugie (Autumn 2020), "Alain Erlande-Brandebourg, l'homme des cathédrales",
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The Presentation in the Temple, made during the second half of the 14th century,
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1683:. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux-Grand Palais. p. 63.
1605:. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux-Grand Palais. p. 32.
1555:. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux-Grand Palais. p. 16.
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given to nature. One of the most famous examples at the Cluny is the statue of
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1364:. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux-Grand Palais. p. 8.
1339:. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux-Grand Palais. p. 7.
352:. In 1992, the display of the Lady and the Unicorn tapestries was redesigned.
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Statue of a Roman priest, traditionally known as a portrait of Emperor Julian
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Adam, stone, Paris, around 1260, from the interior of the south transept of
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serving as its first director. The buildings were restored by the architect
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The Cluny houses many pieces from the famous enamel and gold workshops of
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One of the Visigoth crowns. Spain, 7th century (gold, sapphires, pearls)
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Angel's head, after 1207, Priorale church of Saint-Louis-de-Passy.
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statue-column, limestone, 1137–1140. From the Saint-Denis church.
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Cotkin, George (2012-09-13), "Moby-Dick: Chapters 1 – 135",
253:, who resided there in 1515, after the death of her husband
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Buildings and structures in the 5th arrondissement of Paris
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The Swoon of the Virgin, made during the late Middle Ages.
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23.1 million euros partly financed by the proceeds of the
1971:, Thermes de Cluny, Pierre-Yves Le Pogam, Dany Sandron (
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Ivory binding of Ariadne with Maenad, Satyr and Cupids,
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Boatmen's Pillar, 1st century, limestone (Île-de-France)
212:, no longer extant) on the location of the present-day
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Album du Musée national du Moyen Age Thermes de Cluny
300:In December 1832, archeologist and art collector
199:tapestries, in 2005 with display dating from 1992
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776:that depicts the scene of Sampson and the lion.
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1032:, Virgin and child with two angels, around 1300
418:Room of the Roman baths with capitals from the
285:who in 1771, published his observations in the
109:Cluny Museum-National Museum of the Middle Ages
1600:
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3783:Art museums and galleries established in 1843
2019:
678:" art first appeared in 1818. It was used by
261:in 1537, on the occasion of his wedding with
2365:Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge
1909:, Oxford University Press, pp. 13–253,
1538:Revue des Musées de France - Revue du Louvre
1513:
1139:Madonna and Child, made around 1240–1250 in
944:, around 1250–1260, episodes of the life of
339:
329:
1915:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199855735.003.0003
1705:"Les Apôtres de Saint-Jacques-de-l'Hôpital"
1398:Cluny Museum – A journey to the Middle Ages
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99:
2445:Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
2026:
2012:
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906:Casket : Apostles and angels, gilded
638:Starting with the founding of the city in
96:Musée de Cluny-Musée National du Moyen Âge
25:
20:Musée de Cluny-Musée National du Moyen Âge
1888:"Nomination d'Elisabeth Taburet-Delahaye"
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1167:The ascent to Calvary, made around 1400.
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204:that also included a religious college (
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3446:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial
1244:, Chief Curator then Director 1967-1979
564:From antiquity to the Early Middle Ages
237:elements. D'Amboise used it while also
16:Museum of medieval art in Paris, France
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1904:
1728:
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2355:Musée national des Monuments Français
2275:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
2007:
1624:
1622:
1516:Grande Galerie - Le Journal du Louvre
1420:"Moutard, Nicolas-Léger (1742?-1803)"
1292:
984:, Rhineland, 2nd half of 15th century
840:, first quarter of the 1st century AD
663:be seen in the ivory plaque as well.
433:View of the courtyard and its gallery
89:
3685:List of tourist attractions in Paris
2360:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
2033:
1969:Album du Musée national du Moyen Âge
1655:"Chapiteau catalan: histoire de Noé"
1482:, Ministère français de la Culture.
1253:Fabienne Joubert, Director 1987-1991
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229:of Cluny 1485–1510, combining
219:The Cluny mansion was rebuilt under
2250:Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie
1262:Viviane Huchard, Director 1994-2005
791:
52:28, Rue du Sommerard, Paris, France
31:Exterior view of the Musée de Cluny
13:
3748:Art museums and galleries in Paris
1834:"MARQUET DE VASSELOT, Jean-Joseph"
1619:
996:Visigothic votive crowns from the
699:
609:Between 1858 and 1860, twenty-six
328:'s department of decorative arts (
14:
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3803:Decorative arts museums in France
3441:Mémorial de la France combattante
3156:Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge
2255:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
1983:
1601:Bardiès-Fronty, Isabelle (2015).
1576:Bardiès-Fronty, Isabelle (2015).
1551:Bardiès-Fronty, Isabelle (2015).
1360:Bardiès-Fronty, Isabelle (2015).
1335:Bardiès-Fronty, Isabelle (2015).
913:, 2nd quarter of the 13th century
669:
265:; and several 17th-century papal
3360:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1955:Michelin, the Green Guide: Paris
1820:Bibliothèque Nationale de France
1802:Bibliothèque Nationale de France
1784:Bibliothèque Nationale de France
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510:
498:
486:
474:
462:
450:
438:
426:
411:
399:
381:
341:Musée National de la Renaissance
149:Its building combines Roman-era
2345:Musée national Eugène Delacroix
1898:
1880:
1862:
1844:
1826:
1816:"Edmond Haraucourt (1856-1941)"
1808:
1790:
1772:
1747:
1722:
1697:
1672:
1647:
1594:
1569:
1544:
1507:
1488:
1469:
1218:Jean-Joseph Marquet de Vasselot
445:View of the courtyard and tower
420:Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
2864:Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall
1754:Descatoire, Christine (2015).
1679:Descatoire, Christine (2015).
1451:
1439:
1430:
1412:
1403:
1391:
1378:
1353:
1328:
602:The Cluny also houses ancient
546:
541:One of the rooms of the museum
172:, the Parisian mansion of the
1:
3788:1843 establishments in France
3488:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
3458:Musée de l'air et de l'espace
2400:Palais de la Légion d'Honneur
2350:Musée national Gustave Moreau
1934:
1172:
878:, Burgundy, late 14th century
493:View from the medieval garden
157:, including a well-preserved
3798:Réunion des Musées Nationaux
3778:Hôtels particuliers in Paris
3516:Bastille Day military parade
3014:Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré
2480:Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle
2405:Musée de la Légion d'honneur
2340:Musée National d'Art Moderne
2280:Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris
2056:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
1424:Identifiants et Référentiels
686:
613:crowns were discovered (the
7:
2535:Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
1798:"Edmond Saglio (1828-1911)"
1780:"Revue des arts décoratifs"
1309:
529:Vaults of the gothic chapel
128:5th arrondissement of Paris
10:
3819:
3758:National museums of France
3232:Porte de La Chapelle Arena
2555:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
2430:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
2412:Musée de la Vie romantique
1709:Catalogues des collections
1459:"Les portes de Notre-Dame"
1266:Élisabeth Taburet-Delahaye
876:Presentation at the Temple
517:Capitals under the arcades
505:View of the garden arcades
185:
3677:
3564:
3506:
3320:
3275:
3247:Stade Pierre de Coubertin
3194:
3097:
2742:Boulevard de la Madeleine
2715:
2603:
2530:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
2420:
2270:Musée des Arts et Métiers
2265:Musée des Arts décoratifs
2214:
2041:
1257:Alain Erlande-Brandenburg
1248:Alain Erlande-Brandenburg
313:, son of preservationist
67:
56:
48:
40:
36:
24:
3463:Musée Fragonard d'Alfort
3424:Walt Disney Studios Park
3345:Château de Fontainebleau
3257:Stade Sébastien Charléty
3212:Halle Georges Carpentier
3186:Coulée verte René-Dumont
3161:Parc des Buttes Chaumont
3004:Rue des Francs-Bourgeois
2545:Saint-Jean de Montmartre
2490:Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
2295:Musée de la Cinémathèque
2260:Louis Vuitton Foundation
1756:Musée de Cluny: Le Guide
1731:Musée de Cluny: Le Guide
1681:Musée de Cluny: Le Guide
1631:Musée de Cluny: Le Guide
1603:Musée de Cluny: Le Guide
1578:Musée de Cluny: Le Guide
1553:Musée de Cluny: Le Guide
1501:French National Archives
1495:Hélène Brossier (2014).
1362:Musée de Cluny: Le Guide
1337:Musée de Cluny: Le Guide
1321:
1316:List of museums in Paris
1090:The Lady and the Unicorn
1069:The Lady and the Unicorn
1047:The Lady and the Unicorn
874:Marble sculpture of the
859:, before 1248, from the
569:L'Île-de-la-Cité, France
406:Roman baths' Frigidarium
336:the Lady and the Unicorn
320:The mansion was granted
196:The Lady and the Unicorn
179:The Lady and the Unicorn
3330:Basilica of Saint-Denis
3141:Parc Clichy-Batignolles
2747:Boulevard de Sébastopol
1892:Ministère de la Culture
1729:Dectot, Xavier (2015).
1629:Dectot, Xavier (2015).
1288:, Director 2019-present
245:. Later users included
161:, and the 15th-century
140:boulevard Saint-Germain
126:. It is located in the
3407:Paris La Défense Arena
3355:Château de Rambouillet
3298:Père Lachaise Cemetery
3262:Vélodrome de Vincennes
3112:Jardin d'Acclimatation
3079:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
2859:Place de la République
2550:Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis
2525:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
2320:Musée Jacquemart-André
2235:Bibliothèque nationale
1436:Michelin, pp. 265-266.
1186:
801:
756:
747:Gothic art from France
694:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
651:Byzantine ivory work.
630:
619:Palacio Real de Madrid
578:
340:
330:
302:Alexandre Du Sommerard
275:Joseph-Nicolas Delisle
209:
200:
136:boulevard Saint-Michel
3669:World Heritage Centre
3659:Paris Zoological Park
3374:Gardens of Versailles
3288:Montparnasse Cemetery
3166:Parc Georges-Brassens
2969:Rue de la Ferronnerie
2570:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
2520:Saint-François-Xavier
2510:Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
2485:Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
2465:Synagogue de Nazareth
2330:Musée Marmottan Monet
2315:Maison de Victor Hugo
2172:Philharmonie de Paris
998:Treasure of Guarrazar
853:The Devil and a woman
838:Pillar of the Boatmen
799:
754:
628:
615:Treasure of Guarrazar
576:
251:Henry VIII of England
193:
91:[myzedəklyni]
87:French pronunciation:
3724:48.85056°N 2.34333°E
3642:Montmartre Funicular
3622:Moulin de la Galette
3392:Château de Vincennes
3350:Château de Malmaison
3340:Château de Chantilly
3267:Vincennes Hippodrome
3217:Longchamp Hippodrome
3131:Jardin du Luxembourg
2869:Place des États-Unis
2849:Place de la Concorde
2844:Place de la Bastille
2390:Musée du Quai Branly
2370:Musée de l'Orangerie
1874:Centre André Chastel
1275:, Director 2005-2019
1259:, Director 1991-1994
1250:, Director 1980-1986
1227:, Director 1926-1933
1214:, Director 1903-1925
1208:, Director 1893-1903
1202:, Director 1885-1893
1054:, late 15th century.
1000:, Spain, 7th century
942:Abbey of Saint-Denis
810:La Dame à la licorne
642:in 330, the emperor
560:of the Middle Ages.
350:Notre-Dame cathedral
214:place de la Sorbonne
3720: /
3473:Parc de Saint-Cloud
3283:Montmartre Cemetery
3252:Stade Roland Garros
3089:Viaduc d'Austerlitz
2979:Rue de la Sourdière
2879:Place des Victoires
2874:Place des Pyramides
2604:Hôtels particuliers
2475:Notre-Dame de Paris
2450:Chapelle expiatoire
2422:Religious buildings
2335:Musée de Montmartre
1943:, Alistair Horne, (
1941:Seven Ages of Paris
1386:Seven Ages of Paris
1179:Edmond Du Sommerard
927:Notre-Dame de Paris
892:Holy Umbilical Cord
710:Saint Pere de Rodes
680:Charles de Gerville
322:monument historique
307:Edmond Du Sommerard
263:Madeleine of Valois
259:James V of Scotland
21:
3602:Fountains in Paris
3587:Café des 2 Moulins
3541:Paris Fashion Week
3526:Fête de la Musique
3508:Culture and events
3436:Fort Mont-Valérien
3304:Oscar Wilde's tomb
3207:Auteuil Hippodrome
3146:Parc de Belleville
3136:Parc André-Citroën
2984:Rue de Montmorency
2924:Pont de Bir-Hakeim
2914:Pont Alexandre III
2904:Place Saint-Michel
2889:Place du Carrousel
2854:Place de la Nation
2777:Galerie Véro-Dodat
2757:Canal Saint-Martin
2540:Tour Saint-Jacques
2435:American Cathedral
2196:Porte Saint-Martin
2125:Institut de France
1870:"Fabienne JOUBERT"
1293:In popular culture
977:Tacuinum Sanitatis
940:Altarpiece of the
802:
757:
631:
579:
239:Bishop of Clermont
201:
142:to the north, and
132:square Samuel-Paty
19:
3729:48.85056; 2.34333
3703:
3702:
3664:Pyramide inversée
3365:Château de Sceaux
3322:Région parisienne
3119:Bois de Vincennes
3099:Parks and gardens
2894:Place du Châtelet
2727:Avenue de l'Opéra
2716:Bridges, streets,
2700:Palais de la Cité
2695:Palais de Justice
2678:Luxembourg Palace
2643:Hôtel de Pontalba
2638:Hôtel de la Païva
2618:Hôtel de Beauvais
2300:Musée Cognacq-Jay
2206:Tour Montparnasse
2191:Porte Saint-Denis
2111:Gare Saint-Lazare
2106:Gare Montparnasse
2086:Gare d'Austerlitz
1765:978-2-7118-5631-2
1740:978-2-7118-5631-2
1690:978-2-7118-5631-2
1659:musée-moyenage.fr
1640:978-2-7118-5631-2
1612:978-2-7118-5631-2
1587:978-2-7118-5631-2
1562:978-2-7118-5631-2
1465:, August 24, 1867
1371:978-2-7118-5631-2
1346:978-2-7118-5631-2
1212:Edmond Haraucourt
890:Reliquary of the
720:Work from Limoges
362:Bernard Desmoulin
291:French Revolution
243:Abbot of Jumièges
221:Jacques d'Amboise
144:rue Saint-Jacques
79:
78:
73:musee-moyenage.fr
3810:
3768:History of Paris
3753:Museums in Paris
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3551:Republican Guard
3453:France Miniature
3414:Disneyland Paris
3384:, including the
3335:Château d'Écouen
3237:Stade Jean Bouin
3222:Parc des Princes
3181:Tuileries Garden
3107:Bois de Boulogne
3064:Rue Saint-Honoré
3009:Rue des Lombards
2999:Rue de Vaugirard
2989:Rue de Richelieu
2964:Rue d'Argenteuil
2884:Place des Vosges
2792:Galerie Vivienne
2772:Covered passages
2752:Canal de l'Ourcq
2683:Petit Luxembourg
2653:Hôtel de Soubise
2628:Hôtel de Crillon
2623:Hôtel de Charost
2590:Temple du Marais
2285:Maison de Balzac
2183:Flame of Liberty
2061:Arènes de Lutèce
2035:Tourism in Paris
2028:
2021:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1992:Official website
1928:
1927:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1852:"Salet, Francis"
1848:
1842:
1841:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1463:Le Petit Journal
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1384:Alistair Horne,
1382:
1376:
1375:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1332:
1287:
1274:
1243:
1226:
1201:
1164:
1152:
1136:
1124:
1106:
1084:
1063:
1052:A mon seul désir
1041:
1025:
1009:
993:
971:
956:
937:
922:
903:
887:
871:
849:
833:
821:
792:15th-century art
554:Byzantine Empire
538:
526:
514:
502:
490:
478:
466:
454:
442:
430:
415:
403:
393:Thermes de Cluny
385:
374:Louvre Abu Dhabi
370:
346:Château d'Écouen
343:
333:
315:Alexandre Lenoir
210:Collège de Cluny
171:
155:Thermes de Cluny
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
93:
88:
75:
29:
22:
18:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3738:
3737:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3673:
3612:Les Deux Magots
3582:Bateaux Mouches
3560:
3502:
3498:Vaux-le-Vicomte
3493:Stade de France
3419:Disneyland Park
3316:
3312:Picpus Cemetery
3271:
3227:Piscine Molitor
3190:
3176:Parc Montsouris
3093:
3074:Rue Sainte-Anne
3069:Rue Saint-Denis
3059:Rue des Rosiers
3054:Rue Pastourelle
3034:Rue Montorgueil
2959:Rue Charlemagne
2899:Place du Tertre
2737:Avenue George V
2719:
2717:
2711:
2633:Hôtel d'Estrées
2605:
2599:
2580:Sainte-Clotilde
2575:Sainte-Chapelle
2460:Grand Synagogue
2440:American Church
2416:
2325:Musée du Louvre
2290:Musée Bourdelle
2245:Centre Pompidou
2218:
2210:
2051:Arc de Triomphe
2037:
2032:
1998:English version
1990:
1989:
1986:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1903:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1549:
1545:
1534:
1527:
1512:
1508:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1312:
1298:Herman Melville
1295:
1281:
1279:Séverine Lepape
1268:
1237:
1220:
1195:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1156:
1153:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1085:
1076:
1064:
1055:
1042:
1033:
1026:
1017:
1010:
1001:
994:
985:
972:
963:
961:Sainte-Chapelle
957:
948:
938:
929:
923:
914:
904:
895:
888:
879:
872:
863:
861:Sainte-Chapelle
850:
841:
836:Element of the
834:
825:
822:
794:
766:Sainte-Chapelle
749:
722:
702:
689:
672:
636:
600:
571:
566:
549:
542:
539:
530:
527:
518:
515:
506:
503:
494:
491:
482:
479:
470:
467:
458:
455:
446:
443:
434:
431:
422:
416:
407:
404:
395:
386:
364:
287:Messier catalog
283:Charles Messier
233:and some early
188:
165:
111:
108:
105:
102:
86:
71:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3816:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3793:Medieval Paris
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3695:Paris syndrome
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3654:Paris syndrome
3651:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Folies Bergère
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3572:Axe historique
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3536:Paris Air Show
3533:
3528:
3523:
3521:Dîner en Blanc
3518:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3483:La Roche-Guyon
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3394:
3389:
3386:Fresh pavilion
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3295:
3293:Passy Cemetery
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:Stade Pershing
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:Rue de la Paix
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2939:Port du Louvre
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2839:Place Dauphine
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2769:
2767:Champs-Élysées
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2718:areas, squares
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2692:
2690:Palais Bourbon
2687:
2686:
2685:
2675:
2673:Hôtel Matignon
2670:
2665:
2663:Hôtel de Ville
2660:
2658:Hôtel de Sully
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2585:Sainte-Trinité
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2515:Saint-Eustache
2512:
2507:
2505:Saint-Augustin
2502:
2500:Saint Ambroise
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Opéra Bastille
2154:
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1984:External links
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174:Abbey of Cluny
163:Hôtel de Cluny
146:to the east.
134:to the south,
130:, bordered by
94:), officially
83:Musée de Cluny
77:
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3577:Bateau-Lavoir
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3382:Petit Trianon
3379:
3378:Grand Trianon
3375:
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3368:
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3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:Parc de Bercy
3149:
3147:
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3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3125:
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3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:Rue Mondétour
3047:
3045:
3044:Rue Rambuteau
3042:
3040:
3039:Rue Radziwill
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
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3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Rue de Rivoli
2992:
2990:
2987:
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2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
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2957:
2955:
2954:Rue Bonaparte
2952:
2950:
2947:
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2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:Pont des Arts
2927:
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2909:Place Vendôme
2907:
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2817:
2815:
2814:Latin Quarter
2812:
2808:
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2800:
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2780:
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2765:
2763:
2762:Champ de Mars
2760:
2758:
2755:
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2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:and waterways
2714:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
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2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Hôtel Lambert
2666:
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2659:
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2654:
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2649:
2648:Hôtel de Sens
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
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2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:Élysée Palace
2611:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
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2581:
2578:
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2566:
2565:Saint-Sulpice
2563:
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2398:
2396:
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2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:Musée Picasso
2383:
2381:
2380:Musée Pasteur
2378:
2376:
2375:Musée d'Orsay
2373:
2371:
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2366:
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2163:
2162:Opéra Garnier
2160:
2158:
2155:
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2148:
2147:Luxor Obelisk
2145:
2143:
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2138:
2137:Les Invalides
2135:
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2121:
2117:
2114:
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2091:Gare de l'Est
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2029:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1977:2-7118-2777-1
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1949:1-4000-3446-9
1946:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1924:9780199855735
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1858:. 2018-02-21.
1857:
1856:ArtHistorians
1853:
1847:
1840:. 2009-03-23.
1839:
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1272:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
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1249:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:Francis Salet
1233:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1206:Edmond Saglio
1204:
1199:
1194:
1193:Alfred Darcel
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1123:
1118:
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1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1078:
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1071:
1070:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1016:, 6th century
1015:
1008:
1003:
999:
992:
987:
983:
979:
978:
970:
965:
962:
955:
950:
947:
943:
936:
931:
928:
921:
916:
912:
909:
902:
897:
893:
886:
881:
877:
870:
865:
862:
858:
857:stained glass
854:
848:
843:
839:
832:
827:
820:
815:
814:
813:
811:
806:
798:
789:
785:
783:
777:
773:
769:
767:
762:
753:
744:
742:
741:Three Wisemen
738:
737:Three Wisemen
733:
729:
727:
717:
715:
711:
706:
700:Beyond France
697:
695:
684:
681:
677:
667:
664:
661:
658:. His father
657:
652:
648:
645:
641:
634:Byzantine art
627:
623:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
598:Beyond France
595:
591:
588:
584:
575:
561:
559:
558:Islamic world
555:
537:
532:
525:
520:
513:
508:
501:
496:
489:
484:
477:
472:
465:
460:
453:
448:
441:
436:
429:
424:
421:
414:
409:
402:
397:
394:
390:
384:
379:
378:
377:
375:
368:
363:
358:
353:
351:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
311:Albert Lenoir
308:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
198:
197:
192:
183:
181:
180:
175:
169:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
138:to the west,
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
97:
92:
84:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
3705:
3690:Art in Paris
3649:Paris Musées
3627:Moulin Rouge
3592:Café Procope
3546:Paris-Plages
3531:Nuit Blanche
3468:Parc Astérix
3402:Grande Arche
3302:
3195:Sport venues
3171:Parc Monceau
3024:Rue Foyatier
2829:Montparnasse
2707:Palais-Royal
2595:Val-de-Grâce
2470:La Madeleine
2455:Grand Mosque
2364:
2310:Musée Guimet
2305:Musée Grévin
2181:
2131:Jeanne d'Arc
2129:
2120:Petit Palais
2116:Grand Palais
2101:Gare du Nord
2096:Gare de Lyon
2081:Eiffel Tower
2076:Conciergerie
1968:
1954:
1940:
1906:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1755:
1749:
1730:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1708:
1699:
1680:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:
1649:
1630:
1602:
1596:
1577:
1571:
1552:
1546:
1537:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1503:. p. 7.
1500:
1490:
1476:Base Mérimée
1471:
1462:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1361:
1355:
1336:
1330:
1301:
1296:
1230:
1187:Conservateur
1110:
1109:Head of the
1088:
1087:Tapestry of
1067:
1066:Tapestry of
1051:
1045:
1044:Tapestry of
975:
974:Illustrated
852:
807:
803:
786:
778:
774:
770:
758:
734:
730:
723:
707:
703:
690:
675:
673:
665:
653:
649:
637:
608:
601:
592:
580:
550:
469:Gable window
354:
331:Objets d'Art
319:
299:
269:, including
249:, sister of
226:in commendam
224:
218:
202:
194:
177:
148:
120:medieval art
95:
82:
80:
62:medieval art
3763:Roman Paris
3727: /
3632:Paris Métro
3431:Exploradôme
3202:Accor Arena
3124:Parc floral
3029:Rue Molière
3019:Rue Elzévir
2944:Rive Gauche
2919:Pont d'Iéna
2834:Place Diana
2732:Avenue Foch
2606:and palaces
2395:Musée Rodin
2230:Army Museum
2177:Place Diana
1907:Dive Deeper
1484:(in French)
1282: [
1269: [
1238: [
1221: [
1196: [
1189:) 1843-1885
1181:, Curator (
732:eloquence.
644:Constantine
547:Collections
365: [
357:Cluny Abbey
235:Renaissance
166: [
159:frigidarium
41:Established
3742:Categories
3397:La Défense
3276:Cemeteries
2824:Montmartre
2560:Saint-Roch
2495:Sacré-Cœur
2240:Carnavalet
1963:2060008735
1935:References
1388:, 2004:62.
1173:Leadership
982:Ibn Butlan
674:The term "
604:Coptic art
556:, and the
457:Tower door
376:contract.
295:dissection
247:Mary Tudor
60:Museum of
3715:2°20′36″E
3712:48°51′2″N
3637:entrances
3084:Trocadéro
2949:Rue Basse
2934:Pont Neuf
2819:Le Marais
2787:Panoramas
2071:Catacombs
2043:Landmarks
1714:August 1,
1664:August 1,
1303:Moby-Dick
908:champlevé
714:Catalonia
687:In France
389:caldarium
255:Louis XII
3607:La Ruche
3556:Solidays
2802:Jouffroy
2782:Choiseul
2201:Sorbonne
2167:Panthéon
1310:See also
1097:, detail
611:Visigoth
594:throne.
587:Tiberius
481:The well
223:, abbot
114:), is a
49:Location
3678:Related
3617:Maxim's
3478:Provins
3370:Château
2216:Museums
1965:), 2001
1786:. 1892.
1448:, p. 5.
1074:Hearing
1030:crosier
726:Limoges
656:Otto II
622:Spain.
583:Parisii
391:of the
344:at the
297:room,
271:Mazarin
267:nuncios
186:History
151:thermae
103:
68:Website
2066:Bourse
1975:
1961:
1951:) 2004
1947:
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1762:
1737:
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1183:French
1028:Ivory
660:Otto I
326:Louvre
281:, and
231:Gothic
206:French
153:, the
116:museum
3565:Other
2807:Brady
2797:Havre
2152:Odéon
1322:Notes
1286:]
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1200:]
1141:Paris
1095:Taste
761:Plato
676:Roman
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124:Paris
3380:and
3372:and
2221:list
2118:and
1973:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1838:INHA
1760:ISBN
1735:ISBN
1716:2019
1685:ISBN
1666:2019
1635:ISBN
1607:ISBN
1582:ISBN
1557:ISBN
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1366:ISBN
1341:ISBN
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241:and
100:lit.
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1957:, (
1911:doi
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1284:fr
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