530:
516:(PPNA). Mureybet is the only site where Khiamian deposits are associated with architectural remains. The oldest of these remains date to phase IB and consist of a round semi-subterranean structure with a diameter of 6 metres (20 ft). In the subsequent phases, slightly smaller round houses built at ground level also appeared, at least some of which were used simultaneously. The walls were built from compacted earth, sometimes reinforced with stones. Hearths and cooking pits were located outside the buildings. Harvested crops included barley, rye and
672:
85:
57:
78:
50:
398:
526:, indicating that cereals became a more important component in the diet. The fauna at Mureybet changed significantly during phase IIB. Gazelle makes up 70% of the assemblage and small animals decrease in importance, although fish remained important. Toward the end of the Khiamian, equid hunting gained importance at the expense of gazelle.
587:
these phases. Hunting focused on equids, followed by aurochs. It could not be determined whether any domesticated animals were exploited in
Mureybet. Mud-built walls of rectangular structures were uncovered in phase IVB. Domesticated sheep and goat were exploited in this period, and domesticated cattle may also have been present.
554:, where the structures are interpreted as special buildings with a communal function. Many rooms in the rectangular structures were so small that they could only have served for storage. Hearths and cooking pits lined with stones continued to be located in the outdoor areas. The wild varieties of barley, rye and
385:, which was being built at that time. The filling of Lake Assad eventually led to the flooding of Mureybet in 1976. Although the site is now submerged and no longer accessible, the material that has been retrieved during the excavations continues to generate new research. This material is currently stored at the
623:
appeared in the
Khiamian period. Other stone tools included burins, end-scrapers and borers. Mureybetian stone tools included Mureybet arrowheads, scrapers and burins, while borers were much less common. During the PPNB phase, Byblos arrowheads replaced the Mureybetian types, and other technological
549:
Phases IIIA and IIIB (9,300–8,600 BC) represent the
Mureybetian, a subphase of the PPNA that was named after Mureybet and is found in the area of the Middle Euphrates. Architecture diversified, with rectangular, multi-cellular buildings appearing next to the round buildings that were already known
586:
The last occupation phases, IVA (8,600–8,200 BC) and IVB (8,200–8,000 BC) date to the Early and Middle PPNB, respectively. No architecture has been encountered in phase IVA. No domesticated cereals were found, but this may be an effect of very small archaeobotanical sample that was retrieved from
550:
from the previous phases. Walls were built from cigar-shaped stones that were created by percussion and that were covered with earth. Semi-subterranean structures also continued to be used and they are compared to similar structures found at nearby and contemporary
473:. Phase IA (10,200–9,700 BC) represents the Natufian occupation of Mureybet. It is characterized by hearths and cooking pits, but no dwelling structures have been identified. Among the crops that were harvested, and possibly even locally cultivated, were
428:
Climate and environment of
Mureybet during the time of its occupation were very different from the modern situation. When Mureybet became occupied around 10,200 BC, climate was slightly colder and more humid than today, an effect of the onset of the
433:
climate change event. Annual precipitation increased slightly from 230 millimetres (9.1 in) during the
Natufian to 280 millimetres (11 in) during the Mureybetian occupation phases. The vegetation consisted of an open
635:
tools were found. During the
Khiamian, bone was used for needles, awls and axe sheaths. Beads were made from stone, freshwater shells and bone. Among the three figurines from this phase was one with clear
574:
evolved from a system of counting using small clay tokens. The earliest use of small clay tokens for counting were found in phase III. It coincided with a period of explosive rapid growth of the use of
421:. It is situated on an elongated ridge that is c. 4 metres (13 ft) above the river terrace of the Euphrates, which flowed directly west of the site before the valley was flooded. Mureybet is a
562:
was more important than of gazelle, while fish remains were rare in phase III contexts. Based on use-wear analysis, it could also be established that animal hides were processed at the site using
648:
vessels, stone querns, beads, pendants, including one from ivory and eight anthropomorphic figurines made from limestone and baked earth. Seven of these figurines could be identified as women.
1490:
1094:
Willcox, Georges; Fornite, Sandra (1999), "Impressions of wild cereal chaff in pisé from the 10th millennium uncal B.P. at Jerf et Ahmar and
Mureybet: Northern Syria",
1066:
van Loon, Maurits N. (1968), "The
Oriental Institute excavations at Mureybit, Syria: preliminary report on the 1965 campaign. Part I: architecture and general finds",
627:
Apart from the lithics, other artefact categories were also present in
Mureybet in smaller quantities. Personal ornaments in the Natufian period consisted of pierced
1135:
1951:
1946:
1046:
Roux, J.C.; der
Aprahamian, Gérard; Brenet, Michel; Stordeur, Danielle (2000), "Les bâtiments communautaires de Jerf el Ahmar et Mureybet Horizon PPNA (Syrie)",
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was the main raw material from which tools were made. It was procured from local sources. Obsidian was much less common. Natufian tools include points,
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were consumed in phase III. Different lines of evidence suggest that these cereals were cultivated rather than gathered. Hunting of equids and
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was carried out, again under the direction of Van Loon. Between 1971 and 1974, work on the site was resumed by a team of the French
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2096:
1424:
377:-coordinated – effort to investigate as many archaeological sites as possible in the area that would be flooded by Lake Assad, the
350:
2101:
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662:
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970:(1977), "Les fouilles de Mureybet (1971-1974) et leur signification pour les origines de la sedentarisation au Proche-Orient",
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878:
333:. Hunting was important and crops were first gathered and later cultivated, but they remained wild. During its final stages,
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1915:
2036:
1870:
571:
345:
The first archaeological investigation of the site was carried out in 1964. In that year, the site was noted during an
2244:
1534:
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2249:
2188:
1704:
77:
49:
640:
characteristics. The Mureybetian bone tool assemblage closely resembled its Khiamian predecessor. The presence of
644:
at Mureybet has been inferred from use-wear analysis on flint and bone tools. Other artifact categories include
501:, evidence for which is indirect at Mureybet but bones of which have been identified at nearby and contemporary
467:
425:, or ancient settlement mound, measuring 75 metres (246 ft) in diameter and 6 metres (20 ft) high.
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1724:
512:, a poorly understood and sometimes disputed sub-phase straddling the transition from the Natufian to the
1714:
346:
17:
941:
1224:
1144:
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317:. The site was excavated between 1964 and 1974 and has since disappeared under the rising waters of
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period. Only northwestern and northern Mesopotamia were occupied, and central and southern
8:
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1024:, BAR International Series, vol. 1843, Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 661–675,
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Le site néolithique de Tell Mureybet (Syrie du Nord). En hommage à Jacques Cauvin
992:
Le site néolithique de Tell Mureybet (Syrie du Nord). En hommage à Jacques Cauvin
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1996:
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Bounni, Adnan (1977), "Campaign and exhibition from the Euphrates in Syria",
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The excavations have revealed four occupation phases I–IV, ranging from the
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373:. All excavations were part of the larger international – and eventually
321:. Mureybet was occupied between 10,200 and 8,000 BC and is the eponymous
1774:
1383:
1107:
990:
Ibáñez, Juan José (2008a), "Introduction", in Ibáñez, Juan José (ed.),
983:
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596:
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389:
and the Antenne d'Archéorient de Jalès in Berrias-Casteljau in France.
318:
255:
1087:
1029:
1003:
329:(PPNA). In its early stages, Mureybet was a small village occupied by
2051:
1966:
1754:
1729:
1020:
Ibáñez, Juan José (2008b), "Conclusion", in Ibáñez, Juan José (ed.),
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545:, with insufficient natural rainfall, were not yet settled by humans.
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1976:
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522:. Sickle blades and grinding stones are more common and show more
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397:
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994:, BAR International Series (in French), vol. 1843, Oxford:
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1991:
1971:
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641:
576:
482:
474:
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305:, or ancient settlement mound, located on the west bank of the
1794:
619:, a kind of tool that was primarily used for woodwork. Flint
612:
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418:
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108:
632:
498:
478:
595:
The excavation of Mureybet has produced an abundance of
27:
Archaeological site under Lake Assad in ar-Raqqah, Syria
972:
The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
942:"Le débitage natoufien de Mureybet: étude préliminaire"
922:
The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
663:
Rescue excavations in the Tishrin Dam Reservoir region
349:
of the region directed by Maurits N. van Loon of the
899:
897:
850:
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846:
833:
831:
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Phases IB, IIA and IIB (9,700–9,300 BC) make up the
289:
1143:
325:for the Mureybetian culture, a subdivision of the
894:
843:
826:
809:
2211:
799:
797:
401:Mureybet was at the northern end of the area of
866:
489:were found. The inhabitants of Mureybet hunted
466:(PPNB) and dating to 10,200–8,000 BC, based on
392:
1093:
755:
1542:
1129:
794:
1556:
703:
701:
631:and small stone and shell discs. Only a few
367:Centre national de la recherche scientifique
1549:
1535:
1136:
1122:
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2225:Archaeological sites in Raqqa Governorate
698:
497:and fishing was also important. They had
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537:, circa 7500 BC, with main sites of the
528:
396:
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337:animals were also present at the site.
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1530:
1117:
873:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 29–.
453:
1096:Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
361:was made. In 1965, a more extensive
867:Wayne M. Senner (1 December 1991).
624:improvements were also introduced.
590:
405:(12,000 to 9,500 BC), not far from
279:
24:
413:Mureybet is located in modern-day
25:
2266:
2235:Former populated places in Syria
2189:Neolithic demographic transition
670:
84:
83:
76:
56:
55:
48:
2220:1964 archaeological discoveries
1068:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
913:
1145:Epipalaeolithic Southwest Asia
782:
771:
760:
749:
599:material. During all periods,
13:
1:
691:
393:Mureybet and its environment
7:
651:
290:
10:
2271:
756:Willcox & Fornite 1999
572:writing for record keeping
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1934:
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2245:Stone Age sites in Syria
1558:Neolithic Southwest Asia
301:'covered') is a
36:
2255:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
2250:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
1613:Pre-Pottery Neolithic C
1607:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
1601:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
1060:10.3406/paleo.2000.4696
514:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
464:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
327:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
221:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
217:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
175:75 m (246 ft)
961:10.3406/paleo.1984.938
870:The Origins of Writing
658:History of Mesopotamia
546:
410:
64:Shown within Near East
1952:Abu Masiyad al-Sharqi
1947:Abu Masiyad al-Gharbi
1569:Pre-Pottery Neolithic
570:. The earliest known
539:Pre-Pottery Neolithic
532:
400:
355:University of Chicago
347:archaeological survey
235:1964, 1965, 1971–1974
232:Excavation dates
183:6 m (20 ft)
67:Show map of Near East
2178:Neolithic Revolution
2240:Tells (archaeology)
2137:Teleilat el Ghassul
2042:Khabrat Abu Hussein
940:Calley, S. (1984),
369:(CNRS) directed by
341:History of research
146:36.0434°N 38.1287°E
142: /
32:
1831:Tell Qarassa North
1170:(15,000–11,500 BP)
1164:(19,000–15,000 BP)
1158:(25,000–19,000 BP)
1108:10.1007/BF02042838
906:, pp. 671–672
857:, pp. 667–671
840:, pp. 664–667
823:, pp. 663–664
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454:Occupation history
438:with species like
411:
351:Oriental Institute
262:Public access
30:
2207:
2206:
2194:Neolithic decline
2165:
2164:
2067:Khirbet al-Dharih
2022:Jebel Abu Thawwab
1841:Tepe Abdul Hosein
1770:Dja'de el Mughara
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1225:Geometric Kebaran
1039:978-1-4073-0330-7
1013:978-1-4073-0330-7
998:, pp. 7–13,
880:978-0-8032-9167-6
471:radiocarbon dates
462:up to the Middle
415:Raqqa Governorate
311:Raqqa Governorate
300:
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269:
268:
119:Raqqa Governorate
95:Show map of Syria
16:(Redirected from
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2077:Mugharat al-Jawa
1861:Nahal Hemar Cave
1815:Tell Abu Hureyra
1720:Bawwab al-Ghazal
1690:
1689:
1619:Zagros Neolithic
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1571:(10,500–7500 BP)
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1496:Tell Abu Hureyra
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503:Tell Abu Hureyra
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403:Natufian culture
331:hunter-gatherers
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151:36.0434; 38.1287
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2112:Tell Abu Suwwan
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2132:Tell es-Sawwan
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2127:Tell Shemshara
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2102:Sha'ar HaGolan
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1577:(8000–6100 BP)
1575:Late Neolithic
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1017:
1012:
987:
964:
937:
915:
912:
909:
908:
893:
879:
859:
842:
825:
808:
793:
781:
770:
759:
748:
736:
724:
712:
696:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
682:
681:
666:
665:
660:
653:
650:
592:
589:
455:
452:
394:
391:
371:Jacques Cauvin
357:, and a small
342:
339:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
252:
248:
247:
241:
240:Archaeologists
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
224:
223:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
91:
82:
81:
75:
74:
73:
72:
63:
54:
53:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
40:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2267:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:Founder crops
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Tell Ghoraifé
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Khallat Anaza
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Kfar HaHoresh
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:Jabal Quweisa
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Sheikh e-Abad
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Jerf el Ahmar
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:ʿIraq ed-Dubb
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:Wadi Jilat 22
1413:
1411:
1410:Wadi Jilat 10
1408:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1367:Yutil al-Hasa
1365:
1363:
1362:Wadi Madamagh
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:Ain al-Buhira
1303:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1050:(in French),
1049:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
985:
981:
977:
974:(in French),
973:
969:
965:
962:
958:
954:
951:(in French),
950:
943:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
917:
905:
900:
898:
882:
876:
872:
871:
863:
856:
851:
849:
847:
839:
834:
832:
830:
822:
817:
815:
813:
806:, p. 662
805:
800:
798:
790:
785:
779:
774:
768:
763:
757:
752:
745:
740:
733:
728:
721:
716:
710:, p. 265
709:
708:van Loon 1968
704:
702:
697:
687:
684:
683:
679:
673:
668:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
649:
647:
643:
639:
634:
630:
625:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
588:
584:
582:
578:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:Jerf el Ahmar
544:
540:
536:
531:
527:
525:
521:
520:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:forest steppe
432:
431:Younger Dryas
426:
424:
420:
416:
408:
404:
399:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
298:
292:
286:
277:
273:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
222:
218:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
164:
160:
155:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
79:
51:
41:
34:
19:
2176:
2152:Wadi Shuʿeib
2147:Wadi Jilat 7
2122:Tell Hassuna
2007:Ibn el Ghazi
1916:Wadi Shuʿeib
1871:Netiv HaGdud
1855:
1826:Tell Qaramel
1805:Karahan Tepe
1790:Iraq ed-Dubb
1785:Göbekli Tepe
1652:(Jericho XI)
1507:Tell Qarassa
1475:
1441:ʿAin Mallaha
1357:Wadi Jilat 6
1311:ʿAyn Qasiyya
1099:
1095:
1071:
1067:
1054:(1): 29–44,
1051:
1047:
1021:
996:Archaeopress
991:
975:
971:
955:(2): 35–48,
952:
948:
925:
921:
914:Bibliography
904:Ibáñez 2008b
886:14 September
884:. Retrieved
869:
862:
855:Ibáñez 2008b
838:Ibáñez 2008b
821:Ibáñez 2008b
804:Ibáñez 2008b
789:Ibáñez 2008a
784:
778:Ibáñez 2008a
773:
762:
751:
746:, p. 35
739:
727:
722:, p. 19
715:
686:Göbekli Tepe
626:
616:
594:
585:
548:
533:Area of the
517:
507:
457:
427:
417:in northern
412:
344:
335:domesticated
271:
270:
2157:Zumlat Arus
2092:Mushash 163
2032:Jebel Subhi
2027:Jebel Qurma
2012:Jabal Na'ja
1997:Hallan Çemi
1926:Zumlat Arus
1886:Qermez Dere
1881:Nachcharini
1876:Nevalı Çori
1810:Tell 'Abr 3
1705:ʿAin Ghazal
1693:Pre-Pottery
1594:Pre-Pottery
1420:Wadi Mataha
1394:Kharaneh IV
1389:Jebel Hamra
1338:(WHNBS 242)
1321:Kebara Cave
1316:Kharaneh IV
791:, p. 7
744:Calley 1984
734:, p. 4
732:Bounni 1977
720:Cauvin 1977
678:Asia portal
617:herminettes
568:stone tools
543:Mesopotamia
485:blades and
481:. Very few
313:, northern
254:flooded by
149: /
125:Coordinates
18:Mureybetian
2214:Categories
1957:Ayn Jammam
1906:Shubayqa 6
1846:Tepe Asiab
1775:Ganj Dareh
1700:Abu Hudhud
1666:Wadi Rabah
1486:Shubayqa 6
1481:Shubayqa 1
1384:Neve David
1347:Uwaynid 18
1342:Uwaynid 14
1336:Tor Sageer
1048:Paléorient
1030:10261/9794
1004:10261/9796
949:Paléorient
692:References
621:arrowheads
440:terebinths
363:excavation
319:Lake Assad
256:Lake Assad
227:Site notes
166:settlement
137:38°07′43″E
134:36°02′36″N
2052:Kharaysin
1987:Ghuwayr 1
1982:El-Hemmeh
1967:Bestansur
1962:Ayn Rahub
1942:Abu Hamid
1822:(Jericho)
1760:Chia Sabz
1755:Chia Jani
1730:Beisamoun
1671:Yarmukian
1503:(Jericho)
1461:Gilgal II
1369:(WHS 784)
1307:(WHS 618)
1235:Mushabian
1230:Nizzanian
978:: 19–48,
646:limestone
581:Near East
519:Polygonum
446:and wild
383:Tabqa Dam
379:reservoir
323:type site
307:Euphrates
285:romanized
251:Condition
245:J. Cauvin
201:Abandoned
196:10,200 BC
2170:Concepts
2087:Muraybet
2072:Matarrah
2002:Hibabiya
1977:Dhuweila
1921:Yiftahel
1866:Nemrik 9
1856:Mureybet
1851:M'lefaat
1780:Gilgal I
1765:Dhuweila
1656:Nizzanim
1635:Amuq A-B
1586:Cultures
1476:Mureybet
1451:Azraq 18
1401:(WZ 200)
1331:Ohalo II
1271:Harifian
1266:Natufian
1240:Ramonian
1199:Nebekian
1179:Cultures
652:See also
609:scrapers
524:use-wear
510:Khiamian
460:Natufian
359:sounding
291:muraybaṭ
272:Mureybet
213:Natufian
204:8,000 BC
105:Location
31:Mureybet
2082:Munhata
2057:Kaukaba
1891:Sabra 1
1745:Bouqras
1661:Samarra
1645:Jarmoan
1640:Hassuna
1276:Zarzian
1250:Zarzian
1209:Zarzian
1204:Qalkhan
1194:Kebaran
984:3768538
934:3768538
928:: 1–7,
642:baskets
579:in the
577:cereals
560:aurochs
556:einkorn
491:gazelle
448:cereals
444:almonds
381:of the
353:of the
299:
287::
209:Periods
193:Founded
188:History
2097:Sayyeh
1992:Ginnig
1972:Byblos
1836:Tayibe
1750:Çayönü
1725:Beidha
1650:Lodian
1615:(PPNC)
1609:(PPNB)
1603:(PPNA)
1491:Tabaqa
1456:El Wad
1425:WZ 148
1377:Middle
1326:KPS-75
1245:Hamran
1218:Middle
1162:Middle
1088:543223
1086:
1036:
1010:
982:
932:
877:
629:shells
613:borers
605:burins
597:lithic
495:equids
487:querns
483:sickle
475:barley
375:UNESCO
276:Arabic
180:Height
115:Region
1795:Jarmo
1715:Basta
1710:Ba'ja
1685:Sites
1298:Early
1290:Sites
1187:Early
1156:Early
1084:JSTOR
980:JSTOR
945:(PDF)
930:JSTOR
601:flint
419:Syria
315:Syria
280:مريبط
172:Width
109:Syria
37:مريبط
1935:Late
1628:Late
1434:Late
1259:Late
1168:Late
1034:ISBN
1008:ISBN
888:2012
875:ISBN
633:bone
615:and
566:and
564:bone
499:dogs
493:and
477:and
423:tell
303:tell
297:lit.
162:Type
1104:doi
1076:doi
1056:doi
1026:hdl
1000:hdl
957:doi
479:rye
468:AMS
309:in
2216::
1098:,
1082:,
1072:27
1070:,
1052:26
1032:,
1006:,
976:44
953:10
947:,
926:44
924:,
896:^
845:^
828:^
811:^
796:^
700:^
611:,
607:,
583:.
505:.
450:.
442:,
294:,
282:,
278::
265:no
219:,
215:,
1550:e
1543:t
1536:v
1137:e
1130:t
1123:v
1106::
1100:8
1078::
1058::
1028::
1002::
959::
890:.
409:.
274:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
