31:
70:
62:
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as the host operating system has been demonstrated. Each seat has exclusive control of one of the
Windows guest operating systems running on the host. There is a dedicated high-end graphics card for each guest, which it takes full advantage of via the use of VT-d, making the system capable of hosting
246:
In 2007, NComputing entered the market with a
Windows-based multiseat product, the X-series or Xtenda system, which uses a PCI add-in card to connect terminal units containing video, keyboard, mouse, and audio jacks, allowing 3 to 6 additional user seats to be added to a PC. The X-series also offered
223:
and then multiple independent keyboards and mice in a project called "Backstreet Ruby". Backstreet Ruby is a kernel patch for the Linux kernel. It is a back port to Linux-2.4 of the Ruby kernel tree. The aim of the Linux
Console developers is to enhance and reorganize the input, the console and the
460:
Instead of relying on operating system support for multiseat configuration, a hypervisor can be configured to run multiple virtual machines, each configured to interface one connected seat by I/O virtualization methods. Input devices can be attached to the virtual machines through USB Redirection,
207:
In 2002 a
Canadian company, Userful Corporation, released Userful Multiplier, a multiseat Linux software solution that enables up to 10 users to simultaneously share one computer. Earlier they worked on a kernel-based approach to a multi-station platform computer, but abandoned the idea due to a
110:
Since the 1960s computers have been shared between users. Especially in the early days of computing when computers were extremely expensive the usual paradigm was a central mainframe computer connected to numerous terminals. With the advent of personal computing this paradigm has been largely
482:
In
February, 2009, The Brazil Ministry of Education committed to deploy 350,000 Linux-based multiseat computing stations in more than 45,000 rural and urban schools across the country. The chosen companies to implement this project were the Canadian multiseat Linux software company Userful
543:. The research will eventually be used to present to government officials of third world countries in effort to showcase the positive impact of having cost-effective computing systems in schools. The project is sponsored by George and Vickie Rock and the
443:
was announced on
February 24, 2010. It uses Remote Desktop (Terminal Services) technologies in Windows Server 2008 R2 to provide multiseat functionality. This functionality was incorporated into Windows Server proper as of
81:
A "seat" consists of all hardware devices assigned to a specific workplace at which one user sits at and interacts with the computer. It consists of at least one graphics device (graphics card or just an output (e.g.
373:. Additional devices and peripherals such as cameras, flash storage drives, card readers and touch screens could also be assigned to each seat. An alternative to multiple physical video cards and connections is
535:. The purpose of the project is to study the impact of having computer systems with internet access in an education system that cannot afford other educational resources such as books. The computer systems run
200:
to execute several instances of X at the same time such that each one captures specific mouse and keyboard events and the graphical content. This method received the name of multiseat or multiterminal.
243:
group released the
Multiseat Display Manager (MDM) to ease the process of installation and configuration of a multiseat box. This group, also in 2008, conceived a live-CD for test purposes.
227:
In 2005, the C3SL team (Center for
Scientific Computing and Free Software), from the Federal University of Parana in Brazil, created a solution based on nested display servers, such as
224:
framebuffer subsystems in the Linux kernel, so they can work independent from each other and to allow multi-desktop operation. The
Backstreet Ruby idea was never finished.
1306:"Userful and ThinNetworks today announce that they have been selected to supply 356,800 virtualized desktops to schools in all of Brazil's 5,560 municipalities"
219:
and letting more than one user independently use the same machine. In that time, the Linux
Console Project also proposed an idea to use multiple independent
503:). More than 1.5 million users will benefit from the 40,000 terminals when the project is finished. The laboratories have four-head multiterminals running
1120:
204:
In 2001, Thinsoft BeTwin offered a multiseat solution for Windows, utilizing multiple graphics cards and peripherals attached to a single host PC.
1205:
818:
911:
857:
722:
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operating systems, there are several commercial products to implement multiseat configurations for two or more seats.
779:
618:
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Certain specialized USB hubs, when connected, automatically results in a seat without any configuration required.
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239:) and a modification to the nested servers let each one exclusively acquire its mouse and keyboard. In 2008, the
1360:
1027:
874:
1089:
912:"A lesson in technology sharing / Many PCs can use one microprocessor, helping schools reduce computer costs"
603:
17:
1230:
211:
Other solutions appeared in 2003, such Svetoslav Slavtchev, Aivils Stoss and James Simmons worked, with the
1255:
936:
114:
Multiseat setups are a return to this multiuser paradigm but based around a PC which supports a number of
800:
540:
516:
121:
In some situations a multiseat setup is more cost-effective because it is not necessary to buy separate
1370:
536:
528:
440:
320:
262:
251:
74:
235:. With this solution, each nested display server runs in each screen of a host display server (e.g.
1375:
1185:
1158:
254:, allowing one machine to host multiple users utilizing separate graphics cards and peripherals.
1209:
815:
1305:
896:
588:
1206:"Backbone Magazine - Green Teach: Canadian virtualization technology for students in Brazil"
1281:"Michigan State University College of Engineering Study Abroad ICT Development in Tanzania"
643:
571:
567:
544:
326:
220:
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531:
have installed multiterminal systems with internet access in three schools in Mto wa Mbu,
495:
project. It is creating multiterminal laboratories on 2000 public schools of the state of
8:
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30:
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in a new server role entitled MultiPoint Services, but this server role was removed in
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in a PC running the X interface was implemented in 2001 by Miguel Freitas, using the
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723:
eChannel Line - Userful Upgrades Multi-Seat Linux Desktop Virtualization Solution
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8.04 32-bit and utilize the open source Multiseat Display Manager created by
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demanding video game sessions at full quality simultaneously on all seats.
425:
349:, keyboard and mouse connected to the host machine. For example, to make a
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operating system and the X11 graphical system (at the time maintained by
154:
122:
115:
91:
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is 50% less than the normal price, and there is absolutely no cost with
439:
An operating system designed specifically for multiseat setups entitled
102:
for the input. It can also include video cameras, sound cards and more.
765:
628:
623:
563:
429:
313:
129:
and other components for each user. For example, buying one high speed
693:
Multiuser PUC-RIO - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
985:
275:
268:
126:
118:
usually consisting of a terminal per user (screen, keyboard, mouse).
94:
port) and the attached monitor/video projector) for the output and a
971:
532:
181:" for system administration and direct access to the host machine.
51:
27:
Single computer that supports multiple local users at the same time
1130:
1099:
1068:
1037:
522:
395:
370:
193:
169:, it became possible for multiple users to log into a host using
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149:, even graphical terminals. Early terminals were connected with
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663:
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owing to Microsoft ceasing development of the service in 2018.
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170:
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65:
A multi-seat assembly encompassing four "seats", running Linux.
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527:
Since 2008, electrical and computer engineering students from
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61:
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978:
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replaced by personal computers (or one computer per user).
83:
240:
177:"server". These systems would retain a physically secure "
141:
In the 1970s, it was very commonplace to connect multiple
362:
130:
491:
One of multiterminal's successful cases is happening at
483:
Corporation, and its Brazilian IT partner ThinNetworks.
464:
The virtualization-based 2-seat and 7-seat systems with
365:
keyboards and mice are typically recommended instead of
34:
A laptop with an HP USB Multiseat adapter, running Linux
1298:
1181:
7 Gamers, 1 CPU - Ultimate Virtualized Gaming Build Log
972:"The Most Awesome, Least-Advertised Fedora 17 Feature"
353:(four users) system would require four monitors, four
133:, usually costs less than buying several slower CPUs.
1154:
2 Gaming Rigs, 1 Tower - Virtualized Gaming Build Log
461:
and entire GPUs can be attached through Intel VT-d.
361:
and two dual-output, or one quad-output video card.
1248:
1223:
269:Time line, commercial multiseat software evolution
960:ConsoleKit Removal / Automatic Multi-Seat Support
560:-based virtual desktops in Brazil (February 2009)
517:Center for Scientific Computing and Free Software
1352:
1331:"All Macedonian students to use Linux desktops"
1177:
1150:
855:Multiterminal live-cd from C3SL/UFPR for tests
523:Michigan State University research in Tanzania
478:World's largest multiseat computer deployment
455:
937:"NComputing X350 = classroom labs in a snap"
369:connections, as they can be connected to a
734:Faketty LTN - SigmaNet klientu mājas lapas
556:Userful announced a deployment of 356,800
208:problem with multiple video card support.
54:which supports multiple independent local
1323:
486:
550:
380:
340:
68:
60:
29:
14:
1353:
196:). This was done using a patch in the
909:
419:
309:2004, Open-Sense Solutions (Groovix)
173:or – for a graphic environment – an
1256:"ECE 480 Team 4 - Project Overview"
1231:"ECE 480 Team 3 - Project Overview"
872:
215:and Faketty approach modifying the
24:
934:
834:MDM Universidade Federal do Paraná
515:. This project developer is C3SL (
250:In 2010, Microsoft began offering
25:
1387:
1208:. Backbonemag.com. Archived from
777:LTN - LATNET klientu mâjas lapas
619:Multiseat desktop virtualization
1198:
1188:from the original on 2021-12-14
1171:
1161:from the original on 2021-12-14
1144:
1113:
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1051:
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866:
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335:
1178:Linus Tech Tips (2016-01-02),
1151:Linus Tech Tips (2015-10-19),
873:Inc, Ziff Davis (2007-11-06).
809:
798:Universidade Federal do Paraná
791:
770:
759:
748:
727:
716:
697:
686:
157:, either directly, or through
13:
1:
680:
604:Linux Terminal Server Project
105:
1121:"src/login/71-seat.rules.in"
1059:"loginctl(1), Seat Commands"
755:XFree Local Multi-User HOWTO
7:
1366:Operating system technology
1028:"systemd-logind.service(8)"
581:
574:students in the country of
398:and configured through the
10:
1392:
456:Virtualization-based setup
136:
1090:"sd-login(3), udev Rules"
910:Abate, Tom (2007-07-08).
529:Michigan State University
441:Windows MultiPoint Server
345:Each user will require a
321:Windows MultiPoint Server
257:Automatic multiseat with
252:Windows MultiPoint Server
75:Windows Multipoint Server
816:Multiterminal com Xephyr
385:
125:, microprocessors, RAM,
73:A two-seat system using
394:systems is provided by
986:"Open-sense Solutions"
706:ThinSoft Annual Report
507:. The cost of all the
487:Paraná Digital project
78:
66:
35:
1361:System administration
935:Dawson, Christopher.
589:Computer multitasking
551:Notable installations
381:Software requirements
341:Hardware requirements
331:2013, LISTEQ BoXedVDI
306:2001, ThinSoft BeTwin
297:1996, ThinSoft/BeTwin
247:Linux compatibility.
184:Support for multiple
161:. With the advent of
72:
64:
33:
644:Black Box VirtuaCore
568:one to one computing
545:Dow Chemical Company
402:command or through
390:Multiseat on modern
327:Black Box VirtuaCore
259:USB docking stations
712:. 2001. p. 11.
450:Windows Server 2019
446:Windows Server 2016
50:system is a single
895:has generic name (
879:. Ziff Davis, Inc.
860:2009-02-03 at the
839:2008-12-02 at the
821:2009-02-03 at the
803:2006-11-05 at the
782:2012-02-20 at the
739:2009-05-11 at the
649:Windows MultiPoint
155:serial connections
147:mainframe computer
143:computer terminals
79:
67:
58:at the same time.
36:
566:provided 180,000
420:Microsoft Windows
163:Internet Protocol
16:(Redirected from
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1371:Computer systems
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844:(in Portuguese)
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1337:on 2008-12-20
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48:multiterminal
45:
44:multi-station
41:
32:
19:
18:Multiterminal
1339:. Retrieved
1335:the original
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1309:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1284:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:
1225:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:the original
1200:
1190:, retrieved
1180:
1173:
1163:, retrieved
1153:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
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1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1093:
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1072:. Retrieved
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1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1031:
1022:
1011:. Retrieved
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989:. Retrieved
980:
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944:. Retrieved
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919:. Retrieved
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905:
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868:
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829:
811:
793:
787:(in Latvian)
772:
761:
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744:(in Latvian)
729:
718:
705:
699:
688:
659:X.Org Server
639:Time-sharing
526:
490:
481:
473:Case studies
463:
459:
438:
426:Windows 2000
423:
415:
389:
350:
344:
336:Requirements
256:
249:
245:
226:
217:Linux kernel
210:
206:
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183:
179:root console
145:to a single
140:
123:motherboards
120:
116:zero-clients
113:
109:
80:
47:
43:
39:
37:
1310:Userful.com
893:|last=
413:variables.
408:ID_AUTOSEAT
375:DisplayLink
284:1996–2005,
92:DisplayPort
1355:Categories
1341:2009-05-24
1216:2014-02-17
1192:2019-04-27
1165:2019-04-27
1013:2014-03-25
1007:"BoXedVDI"
946:2021-09-14
921:2021-09-14
681:References
629:NComputing
624:Multi-user
570:seats for
564:NComputing
377:over USB.
314:NComputing
302:Ibik/ASTER
167:networking
127:hard disks
106:Motivation
885:cite book
609:Mainframe
355:keyboards
351:four-head
276:Solbourne
263:Fedora 17
40:multiseat
1186:archived
1159:archived
1009:. LISTEQ
858:Archived
837:Archived
819:Archived
801:Archived
780:Archived
737:Archived
582:See also
533:Tanzania
513:software
509:hardware
400:loginctl
316:X-series
291:running
221:consoles
186:consoles
96:keyboard
52:computer
1315:Feb 17,
1290:Jul 19,
1285:msu.edu
1265:Jun 16,
1260:msu.edu
1240:Jun 16,
1235:msu.edu
1136:5 March
1131:systemd
1105:5 March
1100:systemd
1074:5 March
1069:systemd
1043:5 March
1038:systemd
404:ID_SEAT
371:USB hub
357:, four
347:monitor
194:XFree86
137:History
1126:GitHub
991:Nov 6,
916:SFGATE
876:PC Mag
664:Xephyr
537:Ubuntu
505:Debian
501:Brazil
497:Paraná
466:Unraid
325:2011,
319:2010,
312:2006,
300:1999,
274:1990,
233:Xephyr
171:telnet
165:based
159:modems
151:RS-232
98:and a
941:ZDNet
710:(PDF)
669:Xnest
634:Ndiyo
594:evdev
558:Linux
434:Vista
392:Linux
386:Linux
280:SunOS
229:Xnest
213:evdev
190:Linux
153:type
100:mouse
56:users
1317:2008
1292:2010
1267:2010
1242:2010
1138:2022
1107:2022
1076:2022
1045:2022
993:2010
897:help
572:K–12
541:C3SL
432:and
424:For
411:udev
367:PS/2
359:mice
293:Irix
241:C3SL
237:Xorg
231:and
84:HDMI
519:).
406:or
363:USB
131:CPU
88:VGA
46:or
1357::
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1283:.
1258:.
1233:.
1184:,
1157:,
1129:.
1123:.
1098:.
1092:.
1067:.
1061:.
1036:.
1030:.
939:.
914:.
889::
887:}}
883:{{
547:.
430:XP
428:,
265:.
42:,
38:A
1344:.
1319:.
1294:.
1269:.
1244:.
1219:.
1140:.
1109:.
1078:.
1047:.
1016:.
995:.
974:.
949:.
924:.
899:)
499:(
90:/
86:/
77:.
20:)
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