42:
212:. Faraj began to develop the revolutionary group that would become al-Jihad in 1979. Faraj, an engaging speaker, recruited individuals who heard him preach jihad in mosques. Over the next two years these individuals recruited others and in this way Faraj came to be the overall leader of a loose group of around five revolutionary cells. These cells, one of which was led by
383:
was a highly influential text. Faraj probably wrote his ideas down in 1979, although it was initially only distributed among his followers. The ideas contained in it guided
Egyptian Islamist extremist groups throughout the 1980s and 90s. Ayman al-Zawahiri was Faraj's friend and followed his mantra of
231:
whom Faraj had invited to join al-Jihad when he was posted to Cairo six months before. Islambouli had learned that he was to be involved in a celebratory parade involving the
President and saw an opportunity. Despite disagreements among the leaders, the plan went ahead. Sadat was killed on 6 October.
346:
The basis of the existence of imperialism in the lands of Islam is these self-same rulers. To begin with the struggle against imperialism is a work which is neither glorious nor useful, and it is only a waste of time. It is our duty to concentrate on our
Islamic cause, and that is the establishment
337:
After killing Sadat, his assassin (a member of al-Jihad) announced: 'I have killed
Pharaoh! I am not afraid to die.' This surprised some in the Western world who assumed that "Sadat's offense in the eyes of the murderers was making peace with Israel" and would be called a Jewish agent or something
286:
He believed that peaceful means could never bring about a truly
Islamic society and so jihad was the only option. He also believed that an Islamic state should be established in Egypt before attempting to reliberate lost Muslim lands. He felt jihad under the banner of an existing Arab nation would
310:
Muslim blood will be shed in order to realize this victory . Now it must be asked whether this victory will benefit the interest of
Infidel rule? It will mean the strengthening of a state which rebels against the Laws of God ... These rulers will take advantage of the nationalist ideas of these
347:
first of all of God's law in our own country and causing the world of God to prevail. There is no doubt that the first battlefield of the jihad is the extirpation of these infidel leaderships and their replacement by a perfect
Islamic order, and from this will come the release of our energies.
359:(which had takfiring Mongols for not ruling by sharia) -- "combat ... those that place themselves outside the sharia"; And also verse 5:44 of the Quran: “And whoever did not judge (yahkum) by what Allah revealed, those are the unbelievers” (later copied by Osama bin Laden).
244:
argues that
Muslims should aim to emulate the practices of Muhammad and his companions and believe that the failure to do so is responsible for the problems facing the Islamic World. Criticising Salafis, Faraj argued that modern Muslims had specifically neglected
328:
is taken up with discussions concerning
Islamically legitimate methods of fighting. Among these are deceiving the enemy, lying to him, attacking by night (even if it leads to accidentally killing innocents), and felling and burning trees of the infidel.
708:'To establish the non-Islamic – hence, apostate - character of the Saudi regime, bin Ladin quotes the same verse that Faraj used against Sadat: "And whoever did not judge (yahkum) by what Allah revealed, those are the unbelievers"' (Q 5:44)
319:
This means that a Muslim has first of all the duty to execute the command to fight with his own hands. God will then intervene the laws of nature. In this way victory will be achieved through the hands of the believers by means of God's
367:
Faraj failed in the near term. He did not have a sufficiently robust network and could not capitalise on the assassination of Sadat. In conjunction with the assassination, Tanzim al-Jihad began an insurrection in
303:. While Qutb felt that jihad was a proclamation of "liberation for humanity", Faraj maintained with absolute certainty that jihad would enable Muslims to rule the world and to reestablish the caliphate.
299:(The Neglected Duty), penned by Abd al-Salam Faraj, which was published serially after its discovery. The work showed the evolution of radical Islamist ideas since Qutb's Islamist manifesto
376:. Rebels took control of the city for a few days starting 8 October 1981, before paratroopers from Cairo restored government control. 68 policemen and soldiers were killed in the fighting.
870:
311:
Muslims in order to realize their un-Islamic aims, even though at the surface look
Islamic. Fighting has to be done under the Banner of Islam and under Islamic leadership.
315:
Faraj believed it was the Muslim's responsibility to fight, but that ultimately, (based on Qur'an 9:14) supernatural divine intervention would provide the victory:
271:
The primary targets for jihad should be local regimes, Faraj taught. He coined the term "near enemy" to describe such targets, in contrast to "far enemies" such as
1175:
355:, was that his government (along with all Muslim majority country governments) did not rule according to sharia. Faraj cited as justification the fatwa of
219:
In late September 1981 Faraj held a meeting with other al-Jihad leaders to discuss a plot to assassinate Anwar Sadat. The idea had been proposed to him by
863:
1852:
1240:
825:
1416:
856:
1960:
1955:
1925:
1847:
1762:
399:. Others have questioned Faraj's religious credentials, pointing out that he trained as an electrician rather than as an Islamic jurist.
1195:
1930:
1900:
1426:
1915:
1842:
338:
similar, rather than a Pharaoh. But Abd al-Salam Faraj explained at his trial that he and his group were interested in instituting
1815:
1421:
287:
simply strengthen that country's impious rulers who were, in any case, responsible for the colonial presence in Muslim lands.
1125:
176:(also Tanzim al-Jihad) and made a significant contribution in elevating the role of jihad in radical Islam with his pamphlet
41:
777:
1431:
1028:
1789:
691:
1920:
1895:
1526:
1021:
839:
792:
1880:
1773:
1732:
1411:
806:
1875:
1711:
1371:
1356:
1165:
264:(an individual duty incumbent upon every Muslim). He dismissed the notion that inner spiritual struggle was the
1381:
1130:
848:
814:
763:
1566:
1406:
1305:
1185:
1120:
1805:
1270:
1210:
883:
232:
Faraj was quickly arrested and was executed on 15 April 1982, along with Islambouli and three accomplices.
1950:
1945:
1890:
1784:
1641:
1265:
1260:
1220:
1160:
1033:
205:
1935:
1706:
1063:
981:
831:
1940:
1885:
1506:
1396:
1366:
1351:
1200:
1105:
1546:
1436:
1330:
1315:
152:
1810:
1571:
1496:
1361:
1280:
1250:
1048:
1043:
1001:
976:
184:). He was executed in 1982 for his role in coordinating the assassination of Egyptian president
1601:
1471:
1466:
1391:
1386:
1275:
1255:
948:
300:
173:
128:
1476:
1441:
1140:
1110:
423:
250:
679:(paperback, English translation ed.). University of California Press. pp. 194–195.
660:
The Neglected Duty: The Creed of Sadat's Assassins and Islamic Resurgence in the Middle East
1910:
1905:
1820:
1681:
1671:
1576:
1521:
1516:
1501:
1491:
1376:
1310:
1300:
1225:
1215:
1180:
1053:
785:
Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj: Founder of Jama'at Al-Jihad, the group that killed Anwar Sadat
413:
279:(the state of ignorance that pervaded in the pre-Islamic Arab world) and used the ideas of
99:
8:
1691:
1561:
388:
201:
66:
1757:
1752:
1742:
1737:
1686:
1621:
1536:
1511:
1335:
1093:
996:
428:
295:
After the assassination of President Sadat the Egyptian police found a document titled
391:
dismissed his declaration of Sadat as an apostate and had misinterpreted parts of the
265:
208:
in Egypt. Faraj graduated in electrical engineering and worked as an administrator in
1834:
1747:
1676:
1646:
1606:
1461:
1320:
1295:
1230:
953:
943:
835:
810:
220:
213:
695:
256:
Faraj also had very specific views on what form this jihad should take. He followed
1778:
1716:
1661:
1616:
1586:
1401:
1290:
1150:
1145:
1058:
1016:
209:
117:
70:
1696:
1626:
1611:
1486:
1285:
1245:
1190:
903:
408:
140:
878:
1656:
1651:
1636:
1581:
1551:
1541:
1481:
1205:
1155:
1135:
1088:
1006:
418:
216:
retained a degree of independence but met regularly and had a joint strategy.
1869:
1701:
1596:
1556:
1531:
1325:
1115:
1078:
1068:
1038:
991:
986:
356:
280:
228:
1666:
1631:
1235:
1170:
910:
802:
798:
88:
396:
373:
261:
257:
197:
185:
62:
920:
276:
224:
1591:
1083:
927:
392:
157:
275:. He built on Qutb's idea that modern Islamic societies represented
268:
as a fabricated tradition, and emphasised the role of armed combat.
1767:
1011:
898:
879:
306:
On the importance of fighting the near enemy before the far enemy:
169:
161:
783:
1100:
915:
339:
638:
by David Cook, University of California Press, 2005 p.192, 190
272:
241:
1073:
369:
246:
165:
658:(Amman, 1982); English translation in Johannes J.G. Jansen,
654:, 2003 by Bernard Lewis, p.135, source: `Abd al-Salam Farq,
204:
in 1952. His father was a member of the radical wing of the
608:
by David Cook, University of California Press, 2005 (p.107)
692:"Al-Qa'ida and al-Qur'an: The Tafsir of Usamah bin Ladin"
677:
Muslim Extremism in Egypt : The Prophet and Pharaoh
351:
The specific reason Sadat had to be killed according to
387:
Some writers have criticised Faraj. Jad al-Haq of the
1176:
Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem
652:
The Crisis of Islam : Holy War and Unholy Terror
449:
Fundamentalism and Intellectuals in Egypt, 1973-1993
683:
621:, (Amman, n.d.), p.28, 26; trans. Johannes Jansen,
283:to blame this on modern "apostate" Islamic rulers.
713:
670:
668:
584:
582:
1867:
1241:Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham
506:
758:Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism
474:
460:
458:
332:
665:
579:
563:
547:
490:
1417:Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa
864:
522:
455:
196:Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj was born in the
30:
871:
857:
342:law, not fighting Zionism or imperialism:
40:
1427:Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries
694:. University of Tennessee. Archived from
384:targeting the near enemy for many years.
153:[mæˈħæm.mædʕæb.des.sæˈlæːmˈfɑɾaɡ]
1763:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
646:
644:
1816:Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency
1422:Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat
1196:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
765:Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism
253:as the most important aspect of Islam.
1868:
689:
151:
852:
776:Salama, Sammy and Bergoch, Joe-Ryan,
674:
641:
446:
290:
1432:Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna
1029:Al-Salafiya al-Jihadiya in the Sinai
827:The far enemy: why Jihad went global
1961:People executed by Egypt by hanging
1956:People convicted of murder by Egypt
1926:Egyptian people convicted of murder
144:
31:
13:
1126:Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin
14:
1972:
1527:Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
1022:Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
1931:Leaders of Islamic terror groups
1901:20th-century executions by Egypt
1412:Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
807:University of Pennsylvania Press
1916:People from Beheira Governorate
1790:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
1712:Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi
1357:al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
1166:Katibat al-Ghuraba al-Turkistan
750:
738:
729:
628:
611:
598:
379:Nevertheless, Faraj's pamphlet
156:; 1954 – 15 April 1982) was an
772:Philosophy of the Muslim World
656:Al-Jihad: al Farida al-Gha'iba
538:
440:
1:
1567:Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi
1407:Libyan Islamic Fighting Group
1306:Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya
1186:Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement
1121:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades
794:Understanding Terror Networks
722:Understanding Terror Networks
572:Understanding Terror Networks
556:Understanding Terror Networks
515:Understanding Terror Networks
499:Understanding Terror Networks
483:Understanding Terror Networks
434:
1806:Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
1774:Libyan Crisis (2011–present)
1733:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
884:Middle East and North Africa
790:
719:
662:(New York, 1986), pp.159 ff.
569:
553:
512:
496:
480:
362:
333:Motivation for killing Sadat
260:in arguing that jihad was a
249:, which he placed after the
7:
1642:Muhammad abd-al-Salam Faraj
1266:Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces
1261:Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas
1221:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
1161:Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
1131:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
1034:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
823:
588:
528:
464:
402:
137:Muhammad Abd-al-Salam Faraj
23:Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj
10:
1977:
1707:Jalal al-Din Ali al-Saghir
982:Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades
832:Cambridge University Press
830:. 2010 reprint. New York:
824:Gerges, Fawaz A. (2009) .
1829:
1798:
1725:
1507:Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi
1454:
1367:Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)
1352:Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade
1344:
1271:Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada
1201:Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade
1106:Palestinian Islamic Jihad
969:
962:
936:
891:
690:Gwynne, Rosalind (2001).
164:and theorist. He led the
123:
113:
105:
95:
77:
48:
39:
28:
21:
1921:Egyptian revolutionaries
1896:Executed Egyptian people
1437:Tunisian Combatant Group
1331:Hassan Al-Basri Brigades
1316:1920 Revolution Brigades
381:The neglected obligation
235:
178:The Neglected Obligation
1881:Cairo University alumni
1811:ISIL territorial claims
1785:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
1572:Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri
1497:Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah
1362:Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)
1251:Shield of Islam Brigade
1049:Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen)
1044:Ansar al-Sharia (Syria)
1002:Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq
977:Abdullah Azzam Brigades
675:Kepel, Gilles (1993) .
451:. Taylor & Francis.
191:
1876:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
1602:Abu Mohammad al-Julani
1472:Abu Muslim al-Turkmani
1467:Abu Mohammad al-Adnani
1397:al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya
1392:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
1387:Derna Protection Force
1256:Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda
949:Islamic fundamentalism
791:Sageman, Marc (2004).
349:
322:
313:
1839:Militant Islamism in
1477:Abu Suleiman al-Naser
1442:Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade
1141:Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)
1111:Islamic State of Iraq
447:Sagiv, David (1995).
424:Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif
344:
317:
308:
1821:Holy Shrine Defender
1682:Abdelhamid Abou Zeid
1672:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
1577:Abu Ubaidah al-Masri
1522:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
1517:Abu Omar al-Baghdadi
1502:Abdul Nasser Qardash
1492:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
1377:Ansar Bait al-Maqdis
1311:Promised Day Brigade
1281:Kata'ib Jund al-Imam
1181:Masada al-Mujahideen
1054:Ansar Bait al-Maqdis
619:al-Farida al-gha'iba
414:Muhammad al-Zawahiri
324:Much of the rest of
297:Al-Farida al-gha'iba
200:neighborhood of the
100:Execution by hanging
1692:Abu Muhsin al-Masri
1562:Abdelmalek Droukdel
1382:Armed Islamic Group
1276:Kata'ib al-Imam Ali
762:Eikmeier, Dale C.,
636:Understanding Jihad
606:Understanding Jihad
389:al-Azhar University
202:Beheira Governorate
188:the previous year.
145:محمد عبد السلام فرج
96:Cause of death
32:محمد عبد السلام فرج
1951:Executed assassins
1946:Islamist assassins
1891:Egyptian assassins
1853:Sub-Saharan Africa
1758:Terrorism in Egypt
1753:Algerian Civil War
1743:Iranian Revolution
1738:Lebanese Civil War
1687:Abu Khayr al-Masri
1622:Juhayman al-Otaybi
1547:Tal'at Fu'ad Qasim
1537:Mokhtar Belmokhtar
1512:Abu Ayyub al-Masri
1336:Islamic Dawa Party
1094:Hezbollah Al-Hejaz
997:Al-Ashtar Brigades
778:Al-Jihad al-Islami
625:, (New York, 1986)
623:The Neglected Duty
429:Abu Ayyub al-Masri
353:The Neglected Duty
326:The Neglected Duty
291:The Neglected Duty
206:Muslim Brotherhood
182:The Neglected Duty
1936:Egyptian Qutbists
1863:
1862:
1677:Ayman al-Zawahiri
1647:Nasir al-Wuhayshi
1607:Omar Abdel-Rahman
1462:Abu Ali al-Anbari
1450:
1449:
1321:Turkish Hezbollah
1301:Jaysh al-Mu'ammal
1296:Sabireen Movement
1231:Badr Organization
1226:Kata'ib Hezbollah
1216:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
954:Islamic terrorism
944:Islamic extremism
880:Militant Islamism
782:Stanley, Trevor,
221:Khalid Islambouli
214:Ayman al-Zawahiri
134:
133:
16:Egyptian Islamist
1968:
1941:Salafi jihadists
1886:Egyptian Salafis
1779:Syrian civil war
1717:Wathiq al-Battat
1662:Ibrahim al-Banna
1617:Hassan Nasrallah
1587:Saleh Al-Qaraawi
1402:Takfir wal-Hijra
1291:Liwa Zainebiyoun
1151:Jundallah (Iran)
1146:Jund Ansar Allah
1059:Army of Conquest
1017:Al-Qaeda in Iraq
967:
966:
873:
866:
859:
850:
849:
845:
820:
745:
742:
736:
733:
727:
717:
711:
710:
705:
703:
698:on 13 March 2017
687:
681:
680:
672:
663:
650:Lewis, Bernard,
648:
639:
632:
626:
615:
609:
602:
596:
586:
577:
567:
561:
551:
545:
542:
536:
526:
520:
510:
504:
494:
488:
478:
472:
462:
453:
452:
444:
395:, including the
210:Cairo University
155:
150:
149:Egyptian Arabic:
146:
118:Cairo University
84:
71:Kingdom of Egypt
59:
57:
44:
35:
34:
33:
19:
18:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1825:
1794:
1721:
1697:Qais al-Khazali
1627:Muqtada al-Sadr
1612:Osama bin Laden
1487:Anwar al-Awlaki
1446:
1340:
1286:Liwa Fatemiyoun
1246:Saraya al-Jihad
1211:Tawhid al-Jihad
1191:Peace Companies
958:
932:
904:Salafi jihadism
887:
877:
842:
817:
770:Kenny, Joseph,
756:Calvert, John,
753:
748:
743:
739:
734:
730:
718:
714:
701:
699:
688:
684:
673:
666:
649:
642:
633:
629:
616:
612:
603:
599:
587:
580:
568:
564:
552:
548:
543:
539:
527:
523:
511:
507:
495:
491:
479:
475:
463:
456:
445:
441:
437:
409:Hassan al-Banna
405:
365:
335:
293:
238:
194:
148:
129:Tanzim al-Jihad
114:Alma mater
91:
86:
82:
73:
60:
55:
53:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1974:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1848:Southeast Asia
1845:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1781:(2012–present)
1776:
1771:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1657:Khalid Batarfi
1654:
1652:Qasim al-Raymi
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:Shukri Mustafa
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1582:Saeed al-Masri
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1552:Massoud Rajavi
1549:
1544:
1542:Tariq al-Dahab
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1482:Ahmed al-Assir
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:Ansar ul Islam
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1206:Tahrir al-Sham
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1156:Khorasan group
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:Jaysh al-Islam
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1089:Quwat al-Ridha
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1009:
1007:Al-Nusra Front
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
973:
971:
964:
960:
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946:
940:
938:
934:
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815:
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728:
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682:
664:
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546:
537:
521:
505:
489:
473:
454:
438:
436:
433:
432:
431:
426:
421:
419:Shukri Mustafa
416:
411:
404:
401:
364:
361:
334:
331:
292:
289:
237:
234:
193:
190:
168:branch of the
132:
131:
125:
124:Known for
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
85:(aged 28)
79:
75:
74:
61:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1973:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
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1748:Iran–Iraq War
1746:
1744:
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1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
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1703:
1702:Hadi al-Amiri
1700:
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1598:
1597:Hassan Hattab
1595:
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1585:
1583:
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1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
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1560:
1558:
1557:Maryam Rajavi
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Mohammed Atef
1530:
1528:
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1355:
1353:
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1349:
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1343:
1337:
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1329:
1327:
1326:Hamas of Iraq
1324:
1322:
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1307:
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1302:
1299:
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1199:
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1142:
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1134:
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1129:
1127:
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1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:Islamic State
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1079:Hamas of Iraq
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:Baqir Brigade
1067:
1065:
1064:Army of Islam
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:Ansar al-Sham
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:Ajnad al-Sham
990:
988:
987:Ahrar al-Sham
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
968:
965:
963:Organisations
961:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
935:
929:
926:
922:
919:
918:
917:
914:
912:
909:
905:
902:
901:
900:
897:
896:
894:
890:
885:
881:
874:
869:
867:
862:
860:
855:
854:
851:
843:
841:9780521519359
837:
833:
829:
828:
822:
818:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:
789:
787:
786:
781:
779:
775:
773:
769:
767:
766:
761:
759:
755:
754:
744:Eikmeier, p93
741:
735:Calvert, p286
732:
725:
723:
716:
709:
697:
693:
686:
678:
671:
669:
661:
657:
653:
647:
645:
637:
634:Cook, David,
631:
624:
620:
614:
607:
604:Cook, David,
601:
594:
592:
591:The far enemy
585:
583:
575:
573:
566:
559:
557:
550:
541:
534:
532:
531:The far enemy
525:
518:
516:
509:
502:
500:
493:
486:
484:
477:
470:
468:
467:The far enemy
461:
459:
450:
443:
439:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
400:
398:
394:
390:
385:
382:
377:
375:
371:
360:
358:
357:Ibn Taymiyyah
354:
348:
343:
341:
330:
327:
321:
316:
312:
307:
304:
302:
298:
288:
284:
282:
281:ibn Taymiyyah
278:
274:
269:
267:
266:greater jihad
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
243:
233:
230:
229:Egyptian Army
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
142:
138:
130:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
81:15 April 1982
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
51:
47:
43:
38:
27:
20:
1667:Ahmed Yassin
1632:Saif al-Adel
1345:North Africa
1236:Mukhtar Army
1171:Levant Front
911:Pan-Islamism
826:
799:Philadelphia
793:
784:
771:
764:
757:
751:Bibliography
740:
731:
721:
715:
707:
700:. Retrieved
696:the original
685:
676:
659:
655:
651:
635:
630:
622:
618:
613:
605:
600:
590:
571:
565:
555:
549:
540:
530:
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508:
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492:
482:
476:
466:
448:
442:
386:
380:
378:
366:
352:
350:
345:
336:
325:
323:
318:
314:
309:
305:
296:
294:
285:
270:
255:
251:five pillars
239:
218:
195:
181:
177:
136:
135:
89:Cairo, Egypt
83:(1982-04-15)
1911:1982 deaths
1906:1954 births
1770:(2003–2011)
970:Middle East
397:sword verse
374:Upper Egypt
262:fard al-ayn
258:Sayyid Qutb
240:Mainstream
198:El Delengat
186:Anwar Sadat
106:Nationality
63:El Delengat
1870:Categories
1843:South Asia
921:Khomeinism
816:0812206797
544:Kenny, p53
435:References
301:Milestones
277:jahiliyyah
225:lieutenant
127:Leader of
1592:Haji Bakr
1084:Hezbollah
937:Phenomena
928:Wahhabism
720:Sageman,
702:5 October
570:Sageman,
554:Sageman,
513:Sageman,
497:Sageman,
481:Sageman,
363:Influence
1835:Islamism
1833:Part of
1768:Iraq War
1012:Al-Qaeda
899:Jihadism
892:Ideology
589:Gerges,
529:Gerges,
465:Gerges,
403:See also
242:Salafism
174:al-Jihad
170:Islamist
162:Islamist
160:radical
158:Egyptian
109:Egyptian
1799:Related
1455:Leaders
1101:Houthis
916:Qutbism
882:in the
617:Faraj,
340:Shariah
227:in the
67:Beheira
54: (
1726:Events
886:region
838:
813:
726:: 33,4
724:, 2004
593:, 2010
574:, 2004
558:, 2004
533:, 2010
519:: 32-3
517:, 2004
501:, 2004
485:, 2004
469:, 2010
393:Qur'an
273:Israel
180:(also
172:group
141:Arabic
1074:Hamas
487:: 134
370:Asyut
247:jihad
236:Ideas
166:Cairo
836:ISBN
811:ISBN
704:2011
595:: 11
576:: 16
560:: 15
535:: 10
503:: 30
223:, a
192:Life
78:Died
56:1954
52:1954
49:Born
471:: 9
372:in
1872::
834:.
809:.
805::
803:PA
801:,
797:.
706:.
667:^
643:^
581:^
457:^
147:,
143::
69:,
65:,
872:e
865:t
858:v
844:.
819:.
320:.
139:(
58:)
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