Cougar - Knowledge

1220: 1610:. They are the fourth largest cat species worldwide; adults stand about 60 to 90 cm (24 to 35 in) tall at the shoulders. Adult males are around 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) long from nose to tail tip, and females average 2.05 m (6 ft 9 in), with overall ranges between 1.50 to 2.75 m (4 ft 11 in to 9 ft 0 in) nose to tail suggested for the species in general. Of this length, the tail typically accounts for 63 to 95 cm (25 to 37 in). Males generally weigh 53 to 72 kg (117 to 159 lb). Females typically weigh between 34 and 48 kg (75 and 106 lb). Cougar size is smallest close to the 1942:. It stalks through brush and trees, across ledges, or other covered spots, before delivering a powerful leap onto the back of its prey and a suffocating neck bite. The cougar can break the neck of some of its smaller prey with a strong bite and momentum bearing the animal to the ground. Kills are generally estimated around one large ungulate every two weeks. The period shrinks for females raising young, and may be as short as one kill every three days when cubs are nearly mature around 15 months. The cat drags a kill to a preferred spot, covers it with brush, and returns to feed over a period of days. The cougar is generally reported to not be a 2586:

predation and human-cougar complaints by 5%, but each animal killed during the previous year increased complaints by 50%. The effect had a dose-response relationship with very heavy (100% removal of adult cougars) remedial hunting, leading to a 150% – 340% increase in livestock and human conflicts. This effect is attributed to the removal of older cougars that have learned to avoid people and their replacement by younger males that react differently to humans. Remedial hunting enables younger males to enter the former territories of the older animals. Predation by cougars on dogs "is widespread, but occurs at low frequencies".

1188: 1618:. The largest recorded cougar, shot in 1901, weighed 105.2 kg (232 lb); claims of 125.2 kg (276 lb) and 118 kg (260 lb) have been reported, though they were probably exaggerated. Male cougars in North America average 62 kg (137 lb), while the average female in the same region averages about 42 kg (93 lb). On average, adult male cougars in British Columbia weigh 56.7 kg (125 lb) and adult females 45.4 kg (100 lb), though several male cougars in British Columbia weighed between 86.4 and 95.5 kg (190 and 211 lb). 1249: 158: 2044: 1766: 1659: 232: 2391: 763: 2258: 2187: 405: 190: 13686: 2166: 2011:, a 2-year-old male cougar was found dead, apparently killed by a wolf pack. Conversely, one-to-one confrontations tend to be dominated by the cat, and there are various documented accounts where wolves have been ambushed and killed, including adult male specimens. Wolves more broadly affect cougar population dynamics and distribution by dominating territory and prey opportunities, and disrupting the feline's behavior. Preliminary research in 1955: 2540: 7915: 1586: 1572: 2709: 2697: 1875:, are preferred. Ungulates accounted for only 35% of prey items in one survey, about half that of North America. Competition with the larger jaguar in South America has been suggested for the decline in the size of prey items. In Central or North America, the cougar and jaguar share the same prey, depending on its abundance. Other listed prey species of the cougar include 2436:". Standing still may cause the cougar to consider a person easy prey. Exaggerating the threat to the animal through intense eye contact, loud shouting, and any other action to appear larger and more menacing, may make the animal retreat. Fighting back with sticks and rocks, or even bare hands, is often effective in persuading an attacking cougar to disengage. 1757:

to involve different areas of interaction, ranging from the use of other species as food sources and prey, fear effects on potential prey, effects from carcass remains left behind, to competitive effects on other predator species in shared habitat. The most common research topic in the literature used here was the cougar's diet and its prey's regulation.

2015:, for instance, has shown displacement of the cougar by wolves. One researcher in Oregon noted: "When there is a pack around, cougars are not comfortable around their kills or raising kittens A lot of times a big cougar will kill a wolf, but the pack phenomenon changes the table." Both species are capable of killing mid-sized predators, such as 2447:. Neck, head, and spinal injuries are common and sometimes fatal. Children are at greatest risk of attack and least likely to survive an encounter. Detailed research into attacks before 1991 showed that 64% of all victims – and almost all fatalities – were children. The same study showed the highest proportion of attacks to have occurred in 2359:. Hunting is legal in the western United States. In Florida, heavy traffic causes frequent accidents involving cougars. Highways are a major barrier to the dispersal of cougars. The cougar populations in California are becoming fragmented with the increase in human population and infrastructure growth in the state. 2542: 2546: 2545: 2541: 1637:

in the scientific name) but can vary greatly across individuals and even siblings. The coat is typically tawny, but it ranges from silvery-grey to reddish with lighter patches on the underbody, including the jaws, chin, and throat. Infants are spotted and born with blue eyes and rings on their tails;

2585:

Remedial hunting appears to have the paradoxical effect of increased livestock predation and complaints of human-cougar conflicts. In a 2013 study, the most important predictor of cougar problems was the remedial hunting of cougars the previous year. Each additional cougar on the landscape increased

2581:

and the cat inflicts puncture marks with its claws usually seen on the sides and underside of the prey, sometimes also shredding the prey as it holds on. Coyotes also typically bite the throat, but the work of a cougar is generally clean, while bites inflicted by coyotes and dogs leave ragged edges.

2428:

Within North America, the distribution of attacks is not uniform. The heavily populated state of California saw a dozen attacks from 1986 to 2004 (after just three from 1890 to 1985), including three fatalities. In March 2024, two brothers in California were attacked by a male cougar, with one being

2218:

is 82–103 days long. Only females are involved in parenting. Litter size is between one and six cubs, typically two. Caves and other alcoves that offer protection are used as litter dens. Born blind, cubs are completely dependent on their mother at first and begin to be weaned at around three months

2096:

Landscape in Bolivia and Peru, cougars were active throughout the day but with a tendency to nocturnal activity that overlapped with the activity of main prey species. During an 8-year-long study in a modified landscape in southeastern Brazil, male cougars were primarily nocturnal, but females were

1756:

Cougars are an important keystone species in Western Hemisphere ecosystems, linking numerous species at many trophic levels. In a comprehensive literature review of more than 160 studies on cougar ecology, ecological interactions with 485 other species in cougar-inhabited ecosystems have been shown

3481:

Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.;

2406:

increasingly overlap with areas inhabited by humans. Attacks on humans are very rare, as cougar prey recognition is a learned behavior and they do not generally recognize humans as prey. In a 10-year study in New Mexico of wild cougars who were not habituated to humans, the animals did not exhibit

2365:

in proximity of 5 km (1.9 sq mi) of cougar habitat is pronounced in areas with a median human density of 32.48 inhabitants/km (84.1 inhabitants/sq mi) and a median livestock population density of 5.3 heads/km (14 heads/sq mi). Conflict is generally lower in areas more than

1621:

Depending on the locality, cougars can be smaller or bigger than jaguars but are less muscular and not as powerfully built, so on average, their weight is less. Whereas the size of cougars tends to increase as much as distance from the equator increases, which crosses the northern portion of South

2332:

and protecting sufficient range areas are critical for the sustainability of cougar populations. Research simulations showed that it faces a low extinction risk in areas larger than 2,200 km (850 sq mi). Between one and four new individuals entering a population per decade markedly

1681:

from the Yukon in Canada to the southern Andes in Chile. The species was extirpated from eastern North America, aside from Florida, but they may be recolonizing their former range and isolated populations have been documented east of their contemporary ranges in both the Midwestern US and Canada.

2547: 2002:

and California, black bears were found to visit 48% and 77% of kills, respectively. In general, cougars are subordinate to black bears when it comes to killing, and when bears are most active, the cats take prey more frequently and spend less time feeding on each kill. Unlike several subordinate

2055:

The cougar is a mostly solitary animal. Only mothers and kittens live in groups, with adults meeting rarely. While generally loners, cougars will reciprocally share kills and seem to organize themselves into small communities defined by the territories of dominant males. Cats within these areas

2006:

The gray wolf and the cougar compete more directly for prey, mostly in winter. Packs of wolves can steal cougars' kills, and there are some documented cases of cougars being killed by them. One report describes a large pack of seven to 11 wolves killing a female cougar and her kittens, while in

2511:

is the puma's chief prey in this area. Despite prohibitory signs, coatis are hand-fed by tourists in the park, causing unnatural approximation between cougars and humans. This particular puma had been raised in captivity and released into the wild. On March 13, 2012, Erica Cruz, a 23-year-old

2113:

biomes. Cougars in the Atlantic Forest were active throughout the day but displayed peak activity during early mornings in protected areas and crepuscular and nocturnal activity in less protected areas. In central Argentina, cougars were active day and night in protected areas but were active

2034:

The cougar and jaguar share overlapping territory in the southern portion of its range. The jaguar tends to take the larger prey where ranges overlap, reducing both the cougar's potential size and the likelihood of direct competition between the two cats. Cougars appear better than jaguars at

2424:

Between 1890 and 1990 in North America, there were 53 reported, confirmed attacks on humans, resulting in 48 nonfatal injuries and 10 deaths of humans (the total is greater than 53 because some attacks had more than one victim). By 2004, the count had climbed to 88 attacks and 20 deaths.

2568:

in 1990, 86 calves (0.0006% of Texas's 13.4 million cattle and calves), 253 mohair goats, 302 mohair kids, 445 sheep (0.02% of Texas's 2 million sheep and lambs) and 562 lambs (0.04% of Texas's 1.2 million lambs) were confirmed to have been killed by cougars that year. In

2120:

sizes and overall cougar abundance depend on terrain, vegetation, and prey abundance. Research suggests a lower limit of 25 km (9.7 sq mi) and upper limit of 1,300 km (500 sq mi) of home range for males. Large male home ranges of 150 to 1,000 km (58 to

2479:

thought that attacks on people, even children or sleeping adults, did not happen. Hudson, citing anecdotal evidence from hunters, claimed that pumas were positively inhibited from attacking people, even in self-defense. Attacks on humans, although exceedingly rare, have occurred.

2458:

Research on new wildlife collars may reduce human-animal conflicts by predicting when and where predatory animals hunt. This may save the lives of humans, pets, and livestock, as well as the lives of these large predatory mammals that are important to the balance of ecosystems.

2516:, Salta Province, in northwestern Argentina. Claw incisions, which severed a jugular vein, indicated that the attacker was a felid; differential diagnosis ruled out other possible perpetrators. There were no bite marks on the victim, who had been herding goats. In 2019 in 1832:. One individual cougar was recorded as hunting 29 gemsbok, which made up 58% of its recorded kills. Most gemsbok kills were neonates, but some adults were also known to have been taken. Elsewhere in the southwestern United States, they have been recorded to also prey on 2544: 2455:, where cougar populations are especially dense. Preceding attacks on humans, cougars display aberrant behavior, such as activity during daylight hours, a lack of fear of humans, and stalking humans. There have sometimes been incidents of pet cougars mauling people. 2211:

is approximately 91 days. Both adult males and females may mate with multiple partners, and a female's litter can have multiple paternities. Copulation is brief but frequent. Chronic stress can result in low reproductive rates in captivity as well as in the field.

2087:

of Belize were nocturnal but avoided each other. In a protected cloud forest in the central Andes of Colombia, cougars were active from late afternoon to shortly before sunrise and sometimes during noon and early afternoon. In protected areas of the

6795: 7695:

Butler, James R. A.; Linnell, John D. C.; Morrant, Damian; Athreya, Vidya; Lescureux, Nicolas; McKeown, Adam (2014). "5: Dog eat dog, cat eat dog: social-ecological dimensions of dog predation by wild carnivores". In Gompper, Matthew E. (ed.).

7391: 2429:

fatally wounded; it was the state's first fatal attack in 20 years. Washington state was the site of a fatal attack in 2018, its first since 1924. Lightly populated New Mexico reported an attack in 2008, the first there since 1974.

7970: 1598:

The head of the cougar is round, and the ears are erect. Its powerful forequarters, neck, and jaw serve to grasp and hold large prey. It has four retractile claws on its hind paws and five on its forepaws, of which one is a

5211: 5181: 4184: 5296: 2344:. The Texas Mountain Lion Conservation Project was launched in 2009 and aimed at raising local people's awareness of the status and ecological role of the cougar and mitigating conflict between landowners and cougars. 5699:

Ayala, G.M.; Viscarra, M.E.; Sarmento, P.; Negrões, N.; Fonseca, C. & Wallace, R.B. (2021). "Activity patterns of jaguar and puma and their primary prey in the Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape (Bolivia, Peru)".

8054:

site with extensive information about cougars, from how to live safely in cougar country, to science abstracts, hunting regulations, state-by-state cougar management/policy info, and rare photos and videos of wild

1649:

The cougar has large paws and proportionally the largest hind legs in the Felidae, allowing for great leaping and powerful short sprints. It can leap from the ground up to 5.5 m (18 ft) high into a tree.

5755:

Foster, V.C.; Sarmento, P.; Sollmann, R.; Tôrres, N.; Jácomo, A.T.; Negrões, N.; Fonseca, C. & Silveira, L. (2013). "Jaguar and Puma activity patterns and predator-prey interactions in four Brazilian Biomes".

2125:

was found with a big range of 215 km (83 sq mi), necessitated by poor prey abundance. Research has shown cougar abundances from 0.5 animals to as many as seven per 100 km (39 sq mi).

1867:

showed that ungulates accounted for greater than 99% of the cougar diet. Learned, individual prey recognition was observed, as some cougars rarely killed bighorn sheep, while others relied heavily on the species.

6177: 6084: 2219:

of age. As they grow, they go out on forays with their mother, first visiting kill sites and, after six months, beginning to hunt small prey on their own. Kitten survival rates are just over one per litter.

3494: 5505: 6787: 5727:

Azevedo, F.C.; Lemos, F.G.; Freitas-Junior, M.C.; Rocha, D.G. & Azevedo, F.C.C. (2018). "Puma activity patterns and temporal overlap with prey in a human-modified landscape at southeastern Brazil".

2543: 2245:. Cougars may live as long as 20 years in captivity. Causes of death in the wild include disability and disease, competition with other cougars, starvation, accidents, and, where allowed, hunting. The 7381: 5842:

Zanón-Martínez, J.I.; Kelly, M.J.; Mesa-Cruz, J.B.; Sarasola, J.H.; DeHart, C. & Travaini, A. (2016). "Density and activity patterns of pumas in hunted and non-hunted areas in central Argentina".

2129:

Male home ranges include or overlap with females but, at least where studied, not with those of other males. The home ranges of females overlap slightly. Males create scrapes composed of leaves and

2573:

in 1992, cougars were confirmed to have killed nine calves, one horse, four foals, five goats, 318 sheep, and 400 lambs. In both reports, sheep were the most frequently attacked. Some instances of

2507:

in northeastern Argentina, when the 20-month-old son of a ranger was killed by a female puma. Forensic analysis found specimens of the child's hair and clothing fibers in the animal's stomach. The

3275: 1990:

and cougar – the massive grizzly bear appears dominant, often (though not always) able to drive a gray wolf pack, black bear or cougar off their kills. One study found that grizzlies and

7978: 1626:

in South America and larger south of it. For example, while South American jaguars are comparatively large, and may exceed 90 kg (200 lb), North American jaguars in Mexico's

1499:

itself. A high level of genetic similarity has been found among North American cougar populations, suggesting they are all fairly recent descendants of a small ancestral group. Culver

7905: 7032: 2114:

immediately after sunset and before sunrise outside protected areas. Cougars displayed a foremost crepuscular and nocturnal activity pattern in a ranching area in southern Argentina.

704:. In the western United States and Canada, it is also called "mountain lion", a name first used in writing in 1858. Other names include "panther" (although it does not belong to the 6922: 5185: 2421:

to humans or is in a condition of severe starvation. Attacks are most frequent during late spring and summer when juvenile cougars leave their mothers and search for new territory.

1812:, smaller carnivores, birds, and even domestic animals, including pets. The mean weight of cougar vertebrate prey increases with its body weight and is lower in areas closer to the 5207: 6900: 6896: 6892: 4192: 2083:

activity pattern. Data from 12 years of camera trapping in the Pacific slope and Talamanca Cordillera of Costa Rica showed cougars as cathemeral. Both cougars and jaguars in the

5292: 1219: 7903: 6999: 5123: 5576:

Botts, R.T.; Eppert, A.A.; Wiegman, T.J.; Rodriguez, A.; Blankenship, S.R.; Asselin, E.M.; Garley, W.M.; Wagner, A.P.; Ullrich, S.E.; Allen, G.R. & Mooring, M.S. (2020).

6867: 6826: 1685:

The cougar lives in all forest types, lowland and mountainous deserts, and in open areas with little vegetation up to an elevation of 5,800 m (19,000 ft). In the

6511:

Guerisoli, M. D. L. M.; Luengos Vidal, E.; Caruso, N.; Giordano, A. J. & Lucherini, M. (2021). "Puma–livestock conflicts in the Americas: A review of the evidence".

2234:, males dispersed farther than females, traversed large expanses of non-cougar habitat and were probably most responsible for nuclear gene flow between habitat patches. 6982: 1646:

in Rio de Janeiro in 2013 when it was recorded by a camera trap, indicating that pure white individuals do exist within the species, though they are extremely rare.

8063: 7072: 5540: 2520:

an elderly man was badly injured by a cougar after he attempted to defend his dog from it, while in neighboring Chile a 28-year-old woman was attacked and killed in

7505: 7358: 6426: 14446: 6185: 6092: 3483: 7556: 6554: 6056:

Allen, M. L.; Wittmer, H. U. & Wilmers, C. C. (2014). "Puma communication behaviours: understanding functional use and variation among sex and age classes".

2503:

round his neck and head as protection against the cold; in Patagonia the guanaco is the puma's chief prey animal. Another authenticated case occurred in 1997 in

5021: 4131: 3843: 1816:. A survey of North America research found 68% of prey items were ungulates, especially deer. Only the Florida panther showed variation, often preferring feral 7904: 5260: 2148:

Cougars communicate with various vocalizations. Aggressive sounds include growls, spits, snarls, and hisses. During the mating season, estrus females produce

2471:

of South America are reputed to be extremely reluctant to attack people; in legend, they defended people against jaguars. The nineteenth-century naturalists

1871:

In the Central and South American cougar range area, the ratio of deer in the diet declines. Small to mid-sized mammals, including large rodents such as the

7473: 4678: 1974:

Aside from humans, no species preys upon mature cougars in the wild, although conflicts with other predators or scavengers occur. Of the large predators in

14441: 7801: 4383:

Morales-Rivas, A.; Álvarez, F. S.; Pocasangre-Orellana, X.; Girón, L.; Guerra, G. N.; Martínez, R.; Pablo Domínguez, J.; Leibl, F. & Heibl, C. (2020).

1476:

into the Americas 8.0 to 8.5 million years ago. The lineages subsequently diverged in that order. North American felids then invaded South America 2–4

563:

between protected and non-protected areas, and is apparently correlated with the presence of other predators, prey species, livestock and humans. It is an

7309: 4626: 5233: 4652: 5950: 3919:

Iriarte, J. A.; Franklin, W. L.; Johnson, W. E.; Redford, K. H. (1990). "Biogeographic variation of food habits and body size of the America puma".

6848: 5562: 3263: 14157: 5527:

Hernández-Saintmartín,, A.D.; Rosas-Rosas, O.C.; Palacio-Núñez, J.; Tarango-Arámbula, L.A.; Clemente-Sánchez, F. & Hoogesteijn, A.L. (2013).

2176: 1928: 5627:

Harmsen, B.J.; Foster, R.J.; Silver, S.C.; Ostro, L.E.T. & Doncaster, C.P. (2009). "Spatial and temporal interactions of sympatric Jaguars (

5159: 4463:"Conserving predators across agricultural landscapes in Colombia: habitat use and space partitioning by jaguars, pumas, ocelots and jaguarundis" 3446:

Conroy, M. J.; Beier, P.; Quigley, H.; Vaughan, M. R. (2006). "Improving The Use Of Science In Conservation: Lessons From The Florida Panther".

12920: 1998:, usurping 10% of carcasses. Bears gained up to 113%, and cougars lost up to 26% of their daily energy requirements from these encounters. In 610:

and ongoing human development into cougar habitat has caused populations to decline in most parts of its historical range. In particular, the

14501: 14496: 14235: 14196: 13594: 12991: 7021: 2385: 2237:

Life expectancy in the wild is reported at 8 to 13 years and probably averages 8 to 10; a female of at least 18 years was reported killed by

592: 2031:, and tend to suppress their numbers. Although cougars can kill coyotes, the latter have been documented attempting to prey on cougar cubs. 14421: 7278: 6914: 2152:

or yowls to attract mates, and males respond with similar vocals. Mothers and offspring keep in contact with whistles, chirps, and mews.

4962: 4153: 7668:

Torres SG; Mansfield TM; Foley JE; Lupo T; Brinkhaus A (1996). "Mountain lion and human activity in California: testing speculations".

4759:

Ross, R.; Jalkotzy, M. G. & Festa-Bianchet, M. (1993). "Cougar predation on bighorn sheep in southwestern Alberta during winter".

3784: 2967: 6996: 5133: 5082: 14367: 14131: 4331:

Caso, A. & Domínguez, E. F. (2018). "Confirmed presence of jaguar, ocelot and jaguarundi in the Sierra of San Carlos, Mexico".

4008: 2606:

is reported to have been designed in the shape of a cougar, and the animal also gave its name to both Inca regions and people. The

8018: 6863: 6818: 5055: 3714: 14380: 14170: 7794: 6392: 6207:

Sweanor, L.; Logan, K. A. & Hornocker, M. G. (2000). "Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation".

5980:

Sweanor, L.; Logan, K. A. & Hornocker, M. G. (2000). "Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation".

2557: 4346:Ávila-Nájera, D. M.; Chávez, C.; Pérez-Elizalde, S.; Guzmán-Plazola, R. A.; Mendoza, G. D. & Lazcano-Barrero, M. A. (2018). 3538: 2432:

As with many predators, a cougar may attack if cornered, if a fleeing human stimulates their instinct to chase, or if a person "

6888: 6666: 6181: 6088: 4745: 4732: 4711: 4031: 2531:

Fatal attacks by other carnivores, such as feral dogs, can be misattributed to cougars without appropriate forensic knowledge.

670: 6031: 3883: 3763: 2900: 14214: 7835: 7085:

I have not heard that they have assaulted or attempted to assault man, nor dogs and boys, even when it encounters them asleep

6734: 6125: 5319: 4601: 3532: 2882: 2850: 1946:, but deer carcasses left exposed for study were scavenged by cougars in California, suggesting more opportunistic behavior. 607: 14385: 14175: 7741: 7530: 6974: 2577:

have resulted in the deaths of 20 sheep in one attack. A cougar's killing bite is applied to the back of the neck, head, or

2230:

among cougars that travel farthest from their maternal range, often due to conflicts with other cougars. In a study area in

14516: 7767: 6704: 5925: 5887: 3484:"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" 2564:

During the early years of ranching, cougars were considered on par with wolves in destructiveness. According to figures in

2439:

When cougars do attack, they usually employ their characteristic neck bite, attempting to position their teeth between the

6384: 6350: 5528: 2924: 8090: 7498: 7332: 6760: 6418: 6252:"Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Evolution of Endemic Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in a Population of Wild Cougars" 1643: 6141:

Bonier, F.; Quigley, H. & Austad, S. (2004). "A technique for non-invasively detecting stress response in cougars".

2582:

The size of the tooth puncture marks also helps distinguish kills made by cougars from those made by smaller predators.

1495:

lineage in the Americas and migrated back to Asia and Africa, while other research suggests the cheetah diverged in the

1430:). Taxonomic research on felids remains partial, and much of what is known about their evolutionary history is based on 14486: 14451: 7560: 7194:

Gelin, Maria L.; Branch, Lyn C.; Thornton, Daniel H.; Novaro, Andrés J.; Gould, Matthew J.; Caragiulo, Anthony (2017).

6546: 5108: 3983: 2595: 2084: 1627: 14305: 3327:

Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006).

13587: 9460: 5029: 4846: 4223: 4111: 3838: 3813: 3246: 1774: 537: 456: 5526: 2828: 2407:

threatening behavior to researchers who approached closely (median distance=18.5 m; 61 feet) except in 6% of cases;

2003:

predators from other ecosystems, cougars do not appear to exploit spatial or temporal refuges to avoid competitors.

14491: 14461: 14456: 5270: 3751: 2165: 743: 6788:"First fatal mountain lion attack in California in 20 years leaves one man dead, brother injured, authorities say" 3200: 2222:

Juveniles remain with their mothers for one to two years. When a female reaches estrous again, her offspring must

412:

Cougar range (without recent confirmations across northern Canadian territories, eastern U.S. states, and Alaska)

14511: 14240: 9804: 7787: 7466: 4674: 1915:. Birds and small reptiles are sometimes preyed upon in the south, but this is rarely recorded in North America. 796:

indicates that many of these are too similar to be recognized as distinct at a molecular level but that only six

6952: 6154: 14481: 7301: 6674: 6358: 3560:

Ross, B.; Barnes, I.; Phillips, M. J.; Martin, L D.; Harington, C. R.; Leonard, J. A. & Cooper, A. (2005).

3374: 770: 35: 6640: 6623: 6599: 6582: 4922: 4618: 3112: 3095: 2517: 14476: 14471: 14398: 12022: 2246: 544:

types. It prefers habitats with dense underbrush and rocky areas for stalking but also lives in open areas.

17: 6250:

Biek, R.; Rodrigo, A. G.; Holley, D.; Drummond, A.; Anderson Jr., C. R.; Ross, H. A. & Poss, M. (2003).

5237: 3459: 14466: 13580: 8041: 5954: 4648: 3726: 2145:. When males encounter each other, they vocalize and may engage in violent conflict if neither backs down. 1995: 1060:

As of 2017, the Cat Classification Taskforce of the Cat Specialist Group recognizes only two subspecies as

170: 5958: 5662:

Cepeda-Duque, J.C.; Gómez–Valencia, B.; Alvarez, S.; Gutiérrez–Sanabria, D.R. & Lizcano, D.J. (2021).

1542:

eggs. This finding indicates that the cougar and the parasite existed in South America since at least the

14209: 14082: 12013: 9216: 7581: 3195: 2952: 2649:

believe that the cougar lived in the underworld and was wicked, whereas it was a sacred animal among the

2362: 1677:

The cougar has the most extensive range of any wild land animal in the Americas, spanning 110 degrees of

814: 14087: 7098: 1932: 897: 13478: 13134: 8008: 5661: 2687: 2093: 1967: 1706: 1481: 42: 11500: 1859:

showed that elk and mule deer were the cougar's primary prey; the prey base is shared with the park's

1689:, it prefers steep canyons, escarpments, rim rocks and dense brush. In Mexico, it was recorded in the 688:

record for the animal with the greatest number of names, with over 40 in English alone. "Puma" is the

14123: 10339: 7939: 7382:"Expertos tras eventual ataque de un puma en Corral: 'Es inusual, no buscan enfrentar a los humanos'" 7113:

This, however, is not a full statement of the facts; the puma will not even defend itself against man

5155: 4909:

Bauer, J. W.; Logan, K. A.; Sweanor, L. L. & Boyce, W. M. (2005). "Scavenging behavior in Puma".

4707: 3722: 1975: 1856: 1714: 805: 5345:

Nuanaez, R.; Miller, B.; Lindzey, F. (2000). "Food habits of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico".

4345: 4308: 4290:

Dickson, B.G. & Beier, P. (2007). "Quantifying the influence of topographic position on cougar (

3096:"Use of open, edge and forest areas by pumas Puma concolor in winter: are pumas foraging optimally?" 2226:

or the male will kill them. Males tend to disperse further than females. One study has shown a high

13397: 13292: 12031: 10321: 10049: 10016: 9992: 9813: 9065: 7694: 2797: 2366:

16.1 km (10.0 mi) away from roads and 27.8 km (17.3 mi) away from settlements.

1529: 14227: 3850:. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved on September 15, 2011. 3298: 1863:, with which the cougar competes for resources. A study on winter kills from November to April in 14431: 14050: 13630: 13059: 12040: 11771: 11464: 11399: 10781: 10357: 9830: 9352: 8083: 7582:

Peebles, Kaylie A.; Wielgus, Robert B.; Maletzke, Benjamin T.; Swanson, Mark E. (November 2013).

7413:

Fonseca, G. M.; Palacios, R. (2013). "An Unusual Case of Predation: Dog Pack or Cougar Attack?".

4496: 1508: 1001: 732:

in 1771 for a cat with a long tail from Brazil. The specific epithet of the name, "concolor", is

231: 31: 8058: 7170: 7126: 6510: 4544:

LaBarge, L. R.; Evans, M. J.; Miller, J. R. B.; Cannataro, G.; Hunt, C.; Elbroch, L. M. (2022).

4241:"Space-use, movement and dispersal of sub-adult cougars in a geographically isolated population" 2840: 2504: 587:

depend on terrain, vegetation and abundance of prey. While large, it is not always the dominant

14279: 14162: 14012: 13283: 13035: 12848: 12724: 12336: 12318: 12146: 11840: 11831: 11473: 10211: 9003: 7258: 4382: 4303: 2341: 2262: 2048: 1741: 685: 595:

are rare but increased in North America as more people entered cougar habitat and built farms.

7058: 6115: 4945: 3059:

Scognamillo, D.; Maxit, I. E.; Sunquist, M. & Polisar, J. (2003). "Coexistence of jaguar (

2617:

In North America, mythological descriptions of the cougar have appeared in the stories of the

2417:

of those were females with cubs. Attacks on people, livestock, and pets may occur when a puma

14506: 14274: 13909: 13685: 13572: 13460: 12715: 12697: 12688: 12679: 12164: 12155: 11527: 10297: 10288: 10279: 10228: 10166: 10148: 10139: 10076: 10025: 9863: 9854: 8291: 7963: 7152: 5556: 4161: 3480: 2352: 2079:). Cougars in the montane Abra-Tanchipa Biosphere Reserve in southeastern Mexico displayed a 2072: 1667: 1518: 1077: 1069: 1036: 997: 766: 599: 387: 380: 346: 166: 11482: 11378: 5841: 4352:(Carnivora: Felidae) in a Mexican tropical forest: adaptation to environmental disturbances" 3404: 2610:

people often represented the cougar in their ceramics. The sky and thunder god of the Inca,

1718: 14300: 14266: 14188: 14108: 14059: 13301: 13202: 13161: 12875: 12386: 12114: 11440: 10505: 10255: 10246: 10202: 10157: 9780: 9286: 9021: 8847: 7935: 7595: 7211: 6465: 6308: 6216: 5989: 5765: 5385: 4729:"Winter predation and interactions of Wolves and Cougars on Panther Creek in Central Idaho" 3930: 3776: 3573: 3342: 3144: 3017: 2662: 2476: 2223: 2122: 2089: 1690: 1435: 1061: 985: 909: 5798: 2975: 2149: 1694: 618:

in eastern North America since the early 20th century, with the exception of the isolated

591:

in its range, yielding prey to other predators. It is reclusive and mostly avoids people.

8: 13783: 13705: 13655: 13541: 13487: 13259: 12706: 12592: 12574: 12419: 12268: 12173: 11423: 11369: 11118: 10860: 10851: 10115: 9388: 9370: 9225: 9074: 8577: 6299:

Beier, P. (1993). "Determining minimum habitat areas and habitat corridors for Cougars".

5128: 5078: 4742:"Winter predation and interactions of Cougars and Wolves in the Central Idaho Wilderness" 4419: 3918: 2824: 2488: 2134: 1991: 1983: 1963: 1686: 870: 781: 635: 179: 157: 10611: 7734:"On the role of Creation and Origin Myths in the Development of Inca State and Religion" 7599: 7215: 6469: 6320: 6312: 6220: 5993: 5801:"Protection affects the abundance and activity patterns of pumas in the Atlantic Forest" 5769: 5389: 4000: 3934: 3577: 3346: 3326: 3148: 3021: 2641:

of the Southwestern United States, the wail of the cougar was a harbinger of death. The

13879: 13356: 12583: 12105: 11795: 11518: 11491: 10754: 10496: 10348: 9451: 9343: 9243: 9183: 8568: 8504: 8181: 8076: 8026: 7677: 7650: 7618: 7583: 7534: 7448: 7386: 7234: 7195: 6842: 6645: 6528: 6488: 6449: 6448:

Ernest, H. B.; Vickers, T. W.; Morrison, S. A.; Buchalski, M. R.; Boyce, W. M. (2014).

6332: 6324: 6232: 6158: 6005: 5781: 5726: 5604: 5577: 5529:"Activity patterns of jaguar, puma and their potential prey in San Luis Potosí, Mexico" 5457: 5430: 5406: 5373: 5358: 5051: 4957: 4926: 4862:

Martínez, J.I.Z.; Travaini, A.; Zapata, S.; Procopio, D. & Santillán, M.Á. (2012).

4814: 4787: 4267: 4240: 4127: 4087: 4062: 3954: 3730: 3693: 3599: 3463: 3366: 3167: 3128: 3041: 2552: 2492: 2068: 1916: 1538: 1533: 829: 580: 556: 497: 226: 14064: 6276: 6251: 4986: 3616: 2525: 1658: 1187: 14436: 14341: 14261: 14095: 13975: 13823: 13697: 13660: 13615: 13235: 13152: 12932: 12428: 12395: 11319: 10826: 10548: 10330: 10184: 10058: 9942: 9295: 9125: 9083: 9030: 8810: 8792: 8550: 7831: 7797: 7719: 7623: 7452: 7440: 7426: 7270: 7239: 7007: 6604: 6532: 6493: 6281: 6267: 6228: 6121: 6001: 5609: 5481: 5462: 5411: 4842: 4819: 4597: 4497:

Guerisoli, M. D. L. M.; Caruso, N.; Luengos Vidal, E. M. & Lucherini, M. (2019).

4317: 4272: 4219: 4092: 3979: 3946: 3654: 3591: 3528: 3520: 3428: 3358: 3333: 3242: 3172: 3126: 3033: 2856: 2846: 2774: 2772: 2399: 2329: 2277: 2008: 1785: 1551: 1485: 1431: 793: 525: 7353: 6678: 6649: 6336: 6236: 6162: 6009: 4930: 4741: 4728: 4703: 4039: 3958: 3697: 3603: 3467: 3370: 3045: 2618: 2472: 14346: 14332: 14100: 13955: 13914: 13770: 13740: 13620: 13514: 13347: 12625: 12055: 11345: 11127: 10877: 10067: 9966: 9750: 9741: 9325: 9116: 9107: 8901: 8892: 8450: 7920: 7613: 7603: 7584:"Effects of Remedial Sport Hunting on Cougar Complaints and Livestock Depredations" 7430: 7422: 7348: 7229: 7219: 6635: 6594: 6520: 6483: 6473: 6316: 6271: 6263: 6224: 6150: 6065: 6024: 5997: 5859: 5851: 5822: 5812: 5773: 5737: 5709: 5679: 5644: 5599: 5589: 5497: 5452: 5442: 5401: 5393: 5354: 5200: 5000: 4918: 4889: 4879: 4809: 4799: 4768: 4561: 4524: 4514: 4474: 4441: 4400: 4363: 4313: 4262: 4252: 4123: 4082: 4074: 3938: 3876: 3685: 3644: 3634: 3581: 3455: 3418: 3350: 3162: 3152: 3107: 3076: 3025: 2897: 2792: 2642: 2513: 2452: 2448: 2242: 2208: 2121:

386 sq mi) with female ranges half that size. One female adjacent to the

2043: 1765: 1698: 1543: 1504: 1420: 1248: 701: 505: 431: 6738: 6389:

Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book)

6355:

Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book)

5626: 5479: 5323: 4861: 3058: 2874: 2594:

The grace and power of the cougar have been widely admired in the cultures of the

14426: 14248: 13750: 13640: 13532: 13523: 13451: 13406: 13068: 13018: 13009: 12884: 12830: 12774: 12643: 12616: 12509: 12327: 12286: 12251: 11996: 11059: 10772: 10739: 10730: 10237: 9975: 9424: 8874: 8801: 8759: 8495: 8300: 8234: 8211: 8012: 7771: 7608: 7224: 7003: 6478: 5575: 5174: 4078: 3847: 3157: 2904: 2607: 2574: 2403: 2337: 2200: 1939: 1884: 1733: 801: 797: 725: 650: 619: 615: 564: 529: 517: 485: 14292: 14201: 7762: 7641:

Beier, Paul (1991). "Cougar attacks on humans in the United States and Canada".

6735:"Confirmed mountain lion attacks in the United States and Canada 1890 – present" 6712: 6396: 6362: 5918: 5880: 5698: 5431:"Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars' range" 4788:"Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars' range" 2560:

which explains the procedures to successfully hunt livestock-threatening cougars

1630:

weigh approximately 50 kg (110 lb), about the same as female cougars.

13995: 13798: 13745: 13645: 13625: 13505: 13424: 13226: 12973: 12866: 12839: 11892: 11509: 11109: 10973: 10656: 10193: 10175: 10106: 9717: 9708: 9310: 9271: 8225: 8137: 7559:. Procedures for Evaluating Predation on Livestock and Wildlife. Archived from 5713: 3029: 2916: 2878: 2713: 2227: 2172: 1845: 1777: 611: 6764: 6069: 5799:

Paviolo, A.; Di Blanco, Y. E.; De Angelo, C.D. & Di Bitetti, M.S. (2009).

5754: 5684: 5663: 5594: 5501: 5372:

Elbroch, L. M.; Levy, M.; Lubell, M.; Quigley, H. & Caragiulo, A. (2017).

5285: 4884: 4864:"The ecological role of native and introduced species in the diet of the puma 4863: 4479: 4462: 3689: 3639: 3618: 3586: 3561: 3423: 3406: 3080: 2433: 2333:

increases persistence, thus highlighting the importance of habitat corridors.

14415: 14183: 13960: 13934: 13833: 13778: 13725: 13665: 13650: 13635: 13469: 13365: 13338: 12964: 12662: 12607: 12129: 12073: 11814: 11455: 10910: 10472: 9637: 9604: 9406: 9397: 9334: 9234: 9192: 9044: 8637: 7733: 7274: 5648: 5265: 4519: 4498: 4446: 4430:(Zimmermann, 1780) on a palm-oil plantation in the Meta department, Colombia" 4421: 4368: 4347: 3973: 3559: 3037: 2836: 2783: 2742:

There are no jaguars in the area; other felids were too small to kill humans.

2521: 2468: 2390: 2305: 2273: 2269: 2080: 2064: 1849: 1801: 1797: 729: 642: 603: 588: 552: 521: 489: 481: 363: 199: 194: 98: 10094: 9906: 6249: 5817: 5800: 5428: 5104: 5005: 4988: 3354: 2860: 1053:

In 2006, the Florida panther was still referred to as a distinct subspecies

762: 14035: 13990: 13965: 13950: 13899: 13730: 13710: 13496: 13442: 13143: 12911: 12857: 12634: 12533: 12088: 12064: 11883: 11874: 11694: 11661: 11584: 11545: 10955: 10937: 10799: 10671: 10130: 9531: 9494: 9379: 9361: 8774: 8720: 8646: 8324: 8068: 8064:

Oregon's first fatal cougar attack in the wild claims hiker near Mount Hood

7923:

was created from a revision of this article dated 6 November 2008

7876:

Desert Puma. Evolutionary Ecology And Conservation Of An Enduring Carnivore

7713: 7627: 7444: 7243: 6819:"Mountain lion kills man in Northern California for first time in 30 years" 6608: 6497: 6285: 5613: 5578:"Circadian activity patterns of mammalian predators and prey in Costa Rica" 5466: 5415: 5397: 4908: 4823: 4420:

Olarte-González, G.; Escovar-Fadul, T. & Balaguera-Reina, S.A. (2015).

4276: 4096: 3950: 3658: 3595: 3432: 3362: 3176: 2578: 2348: 2130: 2060: 1979: 1841: 1737: 1623: 1615: 1491:

The cheetah lineage is suggested by some studies to have diverged from the

1462: 1456: 1342: 1208: 1127: 780:

Following Linnaeus's first scientific description of the cougar, 32 cougar

738: 560: 323: 6944: 4385:"Big cats are still walking in El Salvador: first photographic records of 3809: 3617:

Petrigh, R. S.; Martínez, J. G.; Mondini, M. & Fugassa, M. H. (2019).

2947: 2773:

Nielsen, C.; Thompson, D.; Kelly, M. & Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A. (2016) .

2257: 14253: 14222: 14144: 14044: 13970: 13670: 13110: 12301: 12218: 12191: 11940: 11854: 11786: 11712: 11703: 11670: 11628: 11593: 11310: 11203: 11035: 10575: 10487: 10395: 10040: 9613: 9433: 9098: 9012: 8995: 8972: 8935: 8819: 8783: 8628: 8417: 8272: 8151: 4238: 3519:

Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2010).

3127:

Dickson, B. G.; Roemer, G. W.; McRae, B. H. & Rundall, J. M. (2013).

2701: 2599: 2484: 2444: 2418: 2020: 2012: 1912: 1908: 1837: 1833: 1817: 1710: 1663: 1233: 689: 658: 143: 73: 14074: 7060:

The Natural History of the Quadrupeds of Paraguay and the River la Plata

6055: 5785: 4529: 4461:

Boron, V.; Xofis, P.; Link, A.; Payan, E. & Tzanopoulos, J. (2020).

3649: 3562:"Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat" 3445: 2186: 2059:

In the vicinity of a cattle ranch in northern Mexico, cougars exhibited

404: 14372: 14136: 13858: 13853: 13793: 13755: 13715: 13319: 12565: 12496: 12483: 12450: 12236: 11974: 11734: 11282: 11259: 11145: 11136: 11085: 11050: 11026: 10790: 10689: 10638: 10584: 10566: 10539: 10446: 10396: 9795: 9768: 9696: 9679: 9442: 9415: 9261: 9165: 9149: 8985: 8865: 8705: 8541: 8408: 8200: 8168: 8152: 7948: 7681: 7654: 7435: 7022:"Aportes preliminaares para un plan de conservación y manejo del Puma ( 6328: 6206: 5979: 5864: 5827: 5447: 4894: 4804: 4257: 4218:. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 818. 3942: 3676:(Mammalia, Felidae) in the Early-Middle Pleistocene of South America". 3405:

Culver, M.; Johnson, W. E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brien, S. J. (2000).

3190: 3008:, Carnivora: Felidae) in coastal and Andean ranges of southern Chile". 2281: 2231: 2117: 1829: 1729: 1325: 1241: 809: 785: 751: 584: 548: 293: 118: 83: 6524: 6450:"Fractured genetic connectivity threatens a southern California Puma ( 5777: 5741: 4566: 4545: 4405: 4389:(Linnaeus, 1771) and an overview of historical records in the country" 4384: 1603:. The larger front feet and claws are adaptations for clutching prey. 1073:

in South America, possibly excluding the region northwest of the Andes

14354: 14149: 13843: 13838: 13788: 13760: 13250: 13185: 12798: 12738: 12524: 12345: 11960: 11952: 11901: 11751: 11637: 11619: 11333: 11167: 11000: 10842: 10808: 10620: 10312: 9586: 9056: 8532: 8100: 8051: 7064: 4987:

Elbroch, L. M.; Lendrum, P. E.; Allen, M. L.; Wittmer, H. U. (2014).

4758: 3921: 3274:(in Latin). Holmiae: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 522. 2622: 2611: 2440: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2215: 2067:. In a nature reserve in central Mexico, the activity of cougars was 2024: 1943: 1924: 1880: 1821: 1809: 1781: 1702: 1639: 1555: 1525: 1496: 1444: 774: 533: 283: 243: 123: 67: 14006: 6622:

Sweanor, Linda L.; Logan, Kenneth A.; Hornocker, Maurice G. (2005).

5855: 5480:

Soria-Díaz, L.; Monroy-Vilchis, O. & Zarco-González, Z. (2016).

5148: 4772: 3329:"The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment" 3328: 1954: 1904: 1744:. In the human-modified landscape of central Argentina, it inhabits 1081:

in North and Central America and possibly northwestern South America

500:, and one of the most widespread in the world. Its range spans the 14359: 14326: 14029: 13904: 13803: 13675: 12947: 12410: 12227: 12203: 11564: 11414: 11360: 11296: 11291: 11244: 11176: 11094: 10964: 10713: 10704: 10602: 10557: 10437: 10270: 10007: 9916: 9885: 9845: 9732: 9664: 9572: 9563: 8883: 8679: 8432: 8315: 8282: 8131: 8119: 7667: 7068: 4460: 3518: 2733:

The populations of Costa Rica and Panama are included in Appendix I

2667: 2650: 2630: 2626: 2356: 2317: 2309: 2285: 2106: 2098: 1999: 1872: 1745: 1726: 1722: 1678: 1513: 1473: 1426:

is believed to have originated in Asia about 11 million years ago (

1175: 789: 709: 666: 568: 263: 147: 113: 108: 93: 88: 78: 7862:

The Cougar Conundrum. Sharing the World with a Successful Predator

5668:) and their potential prey in a tropical cloud forest of Colombia" 5044: 4943: 2845:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 544–545. 2487:, Patagonia, in 1877 when a female mauled the Argentine scientist 14393: 13985: 13980: 13929: 13924: 13735: 13720: 13329: 13176: 13050: 12765: 12277: 11607: 11073: 10629: 10593: 10460: 10428: 10412: 9925: 9628: 9207: 8688: 8595: 8513: 8441: 8383: 8360: 8253: 8001:

Cougar Rewilding Foundation, formerly "Eastern Cougar Foundation"

7990: 6864:"Victim In Deadly Washington State Cougar Attack Had Boston Ties" 6547:"Mountain lion caught on camera in Tesoro Viejo in Madera County" 4739: 3222:

Jackson, G. A. (1935). "George A. Jackson's Diary of 1858–1859".

2842:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

2671: 2638: 2496: 2321: 2313: 2110: 2102: 1900: 1896: 1888: 1864: 1825: 1813: 1671: 1611: 1607: 1600: 1439: 1423: 1410: 747: 547:

The cougar is largely solitary. Its activity pattern varies from

541: 509: 477: 313: 303: 128: 103: 8000: 5344: 5097: 4785: 3129:"Models of regional habitat quality and connectivity for Pumas ( 1550:) in South America (Argentina) is a partial skull from the late 657:. Marcgrave's rendering was reproduced in 1648 by his associate 14113: 13919: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13848: 13433: 13380: 13125: 12813: 12547: 11267: 10928: 10763: 10520: 9957: 8655: 8604: 8586: 8559: 8480: 8342: 8125: 8113: 8050:

A Definitive Resource About Cougars: Comprehensive, non-profit

8006:

The Cougar Network --Using Science to Understand Cougar Ecology

7825: 7331:

Portelli, C.M.; Eveling, C.R.; Lamas, J.; Mamaní, P.J. (2012).

6175: 6140: 6082: 4185:"Extremely rare white cougar highlights a quirk of the species" 4060: 2680: 2676: 2646: 2634: 2570: 2500: 2324:

and most of Argentina. Hunting is regulated in Canada, Mexico,

2297: 2238: 2204: 2097:

active at night and day. Cougars were diurnal in the Brazilian

2056:

socialize more frequently with each other than with outsiders.

2028: 2016: 1959: 1805: 1585: 576: 513: 493: 273: 253: 13602: 6893:

Search continues for mountain lion that killed Pinos Altos man

6763:. California Department of Fish and Game. 2004. Archived from 6447: 4989:"Nowhere to hide: pumas, black bears, and competition refuges" 4786:

Gutiérrez-González, C. E. & López-González, C. A. (2017).

4550:

as ecological brokers: a review of their biotic relationships"

4109: 1571: 696:

is also sometimes used in the United States. The first use of

446: 14287: 13863: 13818: 13415: 13274: 13217: 13090: 12893: 12750: 12377: 12359: 11982: 11652: 10901: 10886: 9547: 8838: 8333: 8047: 7985: 4726: 4063:"Jaguar Attack on a Child: Case Report and Literature Review" 2603: 2565: 2508: 2142: 2138: 1876: 1793: 1638:

juveniles are pale, and dark spots remain on their flanks. A

1468: 1300: 733: 705: 501: 440: 216: 210: 8005: 7533:. Abundant Wildlife Society of North America. Archived from 5429:

Gutiérrez-González, C.E. & López-González, C.A. (2017).

3812:. New York State Department of Environmental Conservat ion. 2071:

and nocturnal, overlapping largely with the activity of the

13828: 12789: 11685: 11010: 10946: 8619: 8351: 8209: 6155:

10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0711:ATFNDS]2.0.CO;2

6030:. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 4675:"Do cougars affect ecosystems by preying on feral donkeys?" 4543: 3882:. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 3309:. Edinburgh: Lizars, Stirling and Kenney. pp. 266–267. 3093: 2325: 1987: 1892: 1860: 1450: 700:

in English dates to 1777, introduced from Spanish from the

572: 49: 7995: 7330: 6705:"Cougar attacks on humans in the United States and Canada" 4946:"Assessment and Update Status Report on the Grizzly Bear ( 2101:, but crepuscular and nocturnal in protected areas in the 1938:

Although capable of sprinting, the cougar is typically an

1923:) constitute the majority of prey items in cougar diet in 1517:, also disappeared. North America was then repopulated by 1503:

propose the original North American cougar population was

492:, making it the most widely distributed wild, terrestrial 13813: 10919: 10528: 8856: 7193: 7158:. New York: Dover Publications Inc. pp. 99, 103–105. 6641:

10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[905:PRTCAB]2.0.CO;2

6600:

10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[169:CAOHAC]2.0.CO;2

6113: 4923:

10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0466:SBIP]2.0.CO;2

4839:

The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals

3113:

10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[201:UOOEAF]2.0.CO;2

2708: 1789: 1511:

some 10,000 years ago, when other large mammals, such as

1427: 692:

used in Latin America and most parts of Europe. The term

524:. Further south, its range extends through Mexico to the 443: 7740:. Kait Realo (translator). Estonian Folklore Institute. 6915:"Should You Run or Freeze When You See a Mountain Lion?" 5371: 4330: 3003: 2696: 7857:. University of Chicago Press, 2009, ISBN 9780226353470 6897:

Wounded mountain lion captured, killed near Pinos Altos

6025:"Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan" 5916: 5878: 4619:"Rising oryx numbers may distress New Mexico ecosystem" 3877:"Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan" 3527:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. 3460:

10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;2

3004:

Rau, J. R. & Jiménez, J. E. (2002). "Diet of puma (

2495:. In this instance, however, Moreno had been wearing a 2063:

activity that overlapped foremost with the activity of

4649:"JWM: Cougars prey on feral horses in the Great Basin" 4289: 4239:

Morrison, C. D.; Boyce, M. S.; Nielsen, S. E. (2015).

2512:

shepherdess was found dead in a mountainous area near

2483:

An early, authenticated, non-fatal case occurred near

6621: 6022: 5236:. Greater Yellowstone Learning Center. Archived from 4112:"Food habits of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico" 3874: 3523:. In Macdonald, D. W. & Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). 2685: 1442:

study of the Felidae, the common ancestor of today's

437: 11750: 9146: 8048:

The Cougar Fund – Protecting America's Greatest Cat.

5374:"Adaptive social strategies in a solitary carnivore" 4503:

in a human-dominated landscape of central Argentina"

3672:

Chimento, N.R.; Dondas, A. (2018). "First record of

1949: 1622:

America, jaguars are generally smaller north of the

713:) and "catamount" (meaning "cat of the mountains"). 30:"Mountain lion" redirects here. For other uses, see 7175:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 26–31 6624:"Puma responses to close approaches by researchers" 5182:"Mountain lions kill collared wolves in Bitterroot" 4537: 3067:) in a mosaic landscape in the Venezuelan llanos". 2972:

Oxford Dictionaries Online, Oxford University Press

1536:and dated to 17,002–16,573 years old. It contained 736:for "of uniform color". It was placed in the genus 681:, which was later modified to "cougar" in English. 434: 7200:) to migration of their primary prey in Patagonia" 7151: 7131:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 27–8 6737:. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Archived from 4054: 2203:at the age of 18 months to three years and are in 2038: 2035:exploiting a broader prey niche and smaller prey. 1804:. It opportunistically takes smaller prey such as 583:and lives at low population densities. Individual 7491: 6120:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 113–114. 5208:"This lion doesn't run, instead kills, eats wolf" 4596:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 368–373. 1748:with abundant vegetation cover and prey species. 1713:, it was recorded in the lower montane forest in 818:recognized the following six subspecies in 2005: 641:, via French; it was originally derived from the 14413: 9546: 7871:. Douglas and McIntyre, 2013, ISBN 9781771620031 5293:"Cougars vs. coyotes photos draw Internet crowd" 4492: 4490: 4110:Nuanaez R.; Miller, B. & Lindzey F. (2000). 2534: 1824:. Cougars have been known to prey on introduced 41:"Catamount" redirects here. For other uses, see 14447:Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands 7775:The Encyclopedia of Hočąk (Winnebago) Mythology 7412: 6677:, Ministry of Environment. 1991. Archived from 4836: 3978:. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. 3623:presence in Final Pleistocene of South America" 1994:visited 24% of cougar kills in Yellowstone and 1929:Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park 7712:The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the 7103:. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd. pp. 31–49 6997:"As species decline, so does research funding" 6901:Second mountain lion captured near Pinos Altos 6786:Razek, Raja; Flynn, Jessica (March 25, 2024). 4698: 4696: 4182: 3671: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3221: 2798:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T18868A50663436.en 2394:Mountain lion warning sign in California, U.S. 2155: 13588: 10410: 8251: 8084: 7853:Maurice Hornocker (ed.), Sharon Negri (ed.): 7828:The Element Encyclopedia of Magical Creatures 6711:. Northern Arizona University. Archived from 4487: 4160:(in Portuguese). Brazil. 2019. Archived from 2923:. No. 205. October 14, 2006. p. 2. 2386:List of fatal cougar attacks in North America 1721:above 700 m (2,300 ft) in 2019. In 1606:Cougars are slender and agile members of the 1413:, depicted along with closely related genera 8098: 7504:. National Agricultural Statistics Service. 7472:. National Agricultural Statistics Service. 7459: 7149: 7071:: Adam and Charles Black. pp. 207–208. 6847:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5561:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5124:"In Yellowstone, it's Carnivore Competition" 4591: 3261: 3241:. Douglas and McIntyre Limited. p. 25. 3010:Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 2369: 2340:population is afforded protection under the 2207:for about eight days of a 23-day cycle; the 750:. The cougar is most closely related to the 14442:Extant Middle Pleistocene first appearances 7966:: How to identify cougar tracks in the wild 7698:Free-ranging dogs and wildlife conservation 7640: 6912: 6753: 4944:COSEWIC. Canadian Wildlife Service (2002). 4693: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4426:Linneus, 1771 (Carnivora: Felidae) preying 4207: 3521:"Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)" 3313: 3236: 3094:Holmes, B. R. & Laundré, J. W. (2006). 2988: 1653: 27:Large species of cat native to the Americas 13603:Game animals and shooting in North America 13595: 13581: 8271: 8091: 8077: 7826:Matthews, John; Matthews, Caitlín (2005). 7549: 7523: 7373: 6975:"2-Year-Old Boy Hurt In Pet Cougar Attack" 6785: 6419:"Texas Mountain Lion Conservation Project" 5973: 5338: 5210:. National Geographic. December 11, 2013. 5019: 4740:Oakleaf, John K.; Mack, C.; Murray, D. L. 4616: 4183:Dell'amore, Christine (December 3, 2020). 4103: 4061:Francis, Adama M.; Iserson, K. V. (2015). 3709: 3707: 3482:Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). 2823: 2280:. Hunting it is prohibited in California, 2276:since 2008. However, it is also listed on 1633:Cougar coloring is plain (hence the Latin 1438:exist with suggested dates. In the latest 812:. Following this research, the authors of 575:, are its primary prey, but it also hunts 403: 188: 156: 12494: 8983: 8166: 7869:The Cougar. Beautiful, Wild and Dangerous 7617: 7607: 7434: 7379: 7352: 7299: 7233: 7223: 7168: 7124: 6698: 6696: 6661: 6659: 6639: 6598: 6583:"Cougar Attacks on Humans: A Case Report" 6487: 6477: 6275: 6200: 6114:Hornocker, M. G. & Negri, S. (2009). 5863: 5826: 5816: 5683: 5603: 5593: 5456: 5446: 5405: 5121: 5004: 4893: 4883: 4813: 4803: 4565: 4528: 4518: 4478: 4445: 4404: 4367: 4307: 4294:) movement in southern California, USA". 4266: 4256: 4086: 4036:British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch 3971: 3648: 3638: 3585: 3474: 3439: 3422: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3239:The Cougar: Beautiful, Wild and Dangerous 3166: 3156: 3111: 2796: 716: 10840: 7931:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 7914: 7878:. Island Press, 2001, ISBN 9781610910583 7864:. Island Press, 2020, ISBN 9781610919982 6176:Hamilton, M.; Hundt, P.; Piorkowski, R. 6083:Hamilton, M.; Hundt, P.; Piorkowski, R. 5076: 4779: 4574: 3307:Naturalists' library, Mammalia, volume 2 2538: 2389: 2355:, and depletion of its prey base due to 2256: 2042: 1953: 1764: 1657: 1546:. The oldest fossil record of a cougar ( 761: 9914: 8677: 8198: 7714:Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera 7700:. Oxford University Press. p. 127. 7256: 7019: 6995:Williams, Terrie M. (November 6, 2014) 6955:from the original on September 23, 2020 6951:. Associated Press. November 16, 2008. 6945:"Neighbor saves Miami teen from cougar" 6576: 6574: 6572: 6393:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 5943: 5924:. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 5912: 5910: 5908: 5886:. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 5322:. Ecology Online Sweden. Archived from 5162:from the original on September 24, 2015 4594:The Natural History of Canadian Mammals 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3704: 3541:from the original on September 25, 2018 3525:Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids 3407:"Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma" 3296: 2614:, has been associated with the animal. 2558:United States Department of Agriculture 2491:; Moreno afterward showed the scars to 1751: 625: 14: 14414: 13007: 11243: 7710:Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. 7361:from the original on February 26, 2018 7312:from the original on November 30, 2021 7281:from the original on February 20, 2018 7096: 7038:from the original on February 26, 2018 6913:Subramanian, Sushma (April 14, 2009). 6889:New Mexico Department of Game and Fish 6861: 6693: 6656: 6557:from the original on November 21, 2023 6182:University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point 6089:University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point 6076: 5486:) and its main prey in central Mexico" 5311: 5258: 5156:"Autopsy Indicates Cougar Killed Wolf" 5111:from the original on November 2, 2013. 4727:Akenson, H.; Akenson, J.; Quigley, H. 4499:"Habitat use and activity patterns of 4146: 3975:Cougar : ecology and conservation 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3833: 3831: 3816:from the original on December 29, 2007 3389: 3278:from the original on December 26, 2019 2819: 2817: 2815: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2328:, and the United States. Establishing 671:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon 614:population is considered to be mostly 14011: 14010: 13576: 12481: 11938: 11242: 10394: 9529: 8970: 8150: 8072: 8059:Living with California Mountain Lions 7394:from the original on November 1, 2020 7302:"Un puma mató a una pastora en Salta" 7150:Young, S. P.; Goldman, E. A. (1964). 7056: 6702: 6587:Wilderness and Environmental Medicine 6580: 6298: 6023:Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). 5919:"Utah Cougar Management Plan (Draft)" 5881:"Utah Cougar Management Plan (Draft)" 5872: 5058:from the original on November 2, 2013 4213: 4067:Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 3875:Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). 3804: 3802: 3769: 2556:, a 1920s silent film created by the 608:European colonization of the Americas 567:that pursues a wide variety of prey. 14502:Pleistocene mammals of South America 14497:Pleistocene mammals of North America 14399:BB3822FD-503E-4614-8531-42E7D04F0D71 7977:. September 10, 2010. Archived from 7874:Kenneth A. Logan, Linda L. Sweanor: 6816: 6569: 6169: 6016: 5951:"Cougars in Canada (Just the Facts)" 5905: 5672:Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 5214:from the original on October 7, 2019 5052:"Park wolf pack kills mother cougar" 4968:from the original on October 9, 2022 4748:from the original on April 20, 2007. 4735:from the original on April 20, 2007. 4134:from the original on August 10, 2016 4029: 4011:from the original on October 6, 2023 3901: 3512: 3377:from the original on October 4, 2020 3133:) in the southwestern United States" 2927:from the original on August 12, 2012 2720: 2374: 480:native to the Americas. It inhabits 14422:IUCN Red List least concern species 9461:South African small-spotted genet ( 7807:from the original on April 20, 2009 7333:"Ataque fatal en humano, por puma ( 6985:from the original on June 25, 2017. 6925:from the original on March 19, 2011 6829:from the original on March 28, 2024 6798:from the original on March 25, 2024 6321:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010094.x 6037:from the original on August 7, 2007 5543:from the original on April 20, 2024 5299:from the original on April 11, 2013 5085:from the original on August 7, 2017 5070: 5022:"Mountain Lions Versus Black Bears" 4714:from the original on April 20, 2007 4629:from the original on March 11, 2023 4610: 3889:from the original on August 7, 2007 3853: 3828: 2812: 2784:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2755: 2462: 2379: 2047:Camera trap image of cougar in the 1780:. It prefers large mammals such as 1760: 1740:, and close to water bodies in the 746:in 1834. This genus is part of the 24: 13684: 8044:: Sightings of cougars in Michigan 7901: 7847: 7744:from the original on June 30, 2007 6671:Environmental Stewardship Division 6429:from the original on July 29, 2020 5931:from the original on June 16, 2007 5893:from the original on June 16, 2007 5664:"Daily activity pattern of pumas ( 5359:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00632.x 5317: 5105:"Wolf B4 Killed by Mountain Lion?" 4617:Kobilinsky, Dana (March 9, 2023). 4128:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00632.x 3799: 3787:from the original on April 3, 2007 3500:from the original on July 30, 2018 2991:The Guinness Book of World Records 2945: 2885:from the original on June 28, 2017 2596:indigenous peoples of the Americas 1628:Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve 1561: 25: 14528: 9805:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 7882: 7731: 7511:from the original on June 8, 2011 7479:from the original on June 8, 2011 7154:The Puma: Mysterious American Cat 6870:from the original on May 23, 2018 6862:Fisher, Michelle (May 21, 2018). 5261:"Turf wars in Idaho's wilderness" 5107:. forwolves.org. March 25, 1996. 4681:from the original on May 10, 2023 4655:from the original on May 10, 2023 3998: 3203:from the original on May 16, 2022 1958:Juvenile cougar in conflict with 1950:Interactions with other predators 1484:, following the formation of the 9530: 7913: 7855:Cougar. Ecology and Conservation 7819: 7780: 7756: 7725: 7704: 7688: 7661: 7634: 7575: 7557:"Cougar Predation – Description" 7427:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02281.x 7406: 7324: 7293: 7250: 7187: 7172:Through the Brazilian Wilderness 7162: 7143: 7128:Through the Brazilian Wilderness 7118: 7090: 7075:from the original on May 5, 2024 7050: 7013: 6989: 6967: 6937: 6906: 6882: 6855: 6810: 6779: 6727: 6615: 6539: 6504: 6441: 6411: 6377: 6343: 6292: 6268:10.1128/JVI.77.17.9578-9589.2003 6229:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x 6117:Cougar: ecology and conservation 6002:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x 5917:Cougar Discussion Group (1999). 5879:Cougar Discussion Group (1999). 5508:from the original on May 5, 2024 5184:. missoulian.com. Archived from 4318:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00215.x 3226:. Vol. 6. pp. 201–214. 2736: 2707: 2695: 2185: 2164: 1584: 1570: 1528:identified as from a cougar was 1247: 1218: 1186: 430: 230: 71: 11939: 8971: 7788:"Living with Wildlife: Cougars" 7354:10.4321/S1135-76062012000300008 6243: 6134: 6107: 6049: 5835: 5792: 5748: 5720: 5692: 5655: 5620: 5569: 5520: 5473: 5422: 5365: 5252: 5226: 5115: 5079:"Predators clash above Elkhorn" 5020:ELboch, M. (November 1, 2014). 5013: 4980: 4937: 4902: 4855: 4841:. New York: Chanticleer Press. 4830: 4752: 4667: 4641: 4454: 4413: 4376: 4339: 4324: 4283: 4232: 4176: 4023: 3992: 3965: 3757: 3745: 3665: 3619:"Ancient parasitic DNA reveals 3610: 3553: 3290: 3255: 3230: 3215: 3183: 3120: 3087: 3052: 2621:("Ho-Chunk" or "Winnebago") of 2589: 2252: 2249:is well-adapted to the cougar. 2039:Social spacing and interactions 1295:Domestic cat lineage 784:were described and proposed as 395: 12482: 7830:. HarperElement. p. 364. 7738:Electronic Journal of Folklore 6817:Bartlett, Katie Dowd, Amanda. 6761:"Mountain Lions in California" 6675:Government of British Columbia 6359:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 3678:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 3448:Journal of Wildlife Management 2997: 2982: 2960: 2939: 2909: 2896:& corresponding entry for 2867: 2727: 2268:The cougar has been listed as 1644:Serra dos Órgãos National Park 1313:Leopard cat lineage 771:Torres del Paine National Park 645:. A current form in Brazil is 606:. Intensive hunting following 36:Mountain lion (disambiguation) 13: 1: 9217:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 7991:Eastern Puma Research Network 7957:IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group 7499:"Sheep and Goats report 1990" 7341:Cuadernos de Medicina Forense 7257:Faletti, Dra. Alicia (2013). 4216:Walker's Mammals of the World 2875:"Online Etymology Dictionary" 2749: 2535:Predation on domestic animals 2247:feline immunodeficiency virus 1472:lineages migrated across the 757: 540:, occurring in most American 13479:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 13135:North American river otter ( 12023:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 9077:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 7609:10.1371/journal.pone.0079713 7415:Journal of Forensic Sciences 7225:10.1371/journal.pone.0188877 7169:Roosevelt, Theodore (1914). 7125:Roosevelt, Theodore (1914). 7026:) en la República Argentina" 7020:Chébez, J. C.; Nigro, R. Á. 6479:10.1371/journal.pone.0107985 5955:Canadian Geographic Magazine 5635:) in a Neotropical forest". 4356:Revista de Biología Tropical 4079:10.5811/westjem.2015.1.24043 4032:"Cougar in British Columbia" 3783:. Texas Parks and Wildlife. 3727:Canadian Wildlife Federation 3158:10.1371/journal.pone.0081898 2347:The cougar is threatened by 1717:and in a river basin in the 1085: 1049:proposed by Marcelli in 1922 7: 14517:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 10340:Somalian slender mongoose ( 7975:National Geographic Society 5482:"Activity pattern of puma ( 5320:"Sympatric Jaguar and Puma" 4911:The Southwestern Naturalist 4761:Canadian Journal of Zoology 3972:Hornocker, Maurice (2010). 3810:"Eastern Cougar Fact Sheet" 3752:Expanding Cougar Population 3493:(Special Issue 11): 33–34. 3196:Online Etymology Dictionary 2953:Online Etymology Dictionary 2656: 2518:Córdoba Province, Argentina 2156:Reproduction and life cycle 1591:Front paw print of a cougar 815:Mammal Species of the World 808:variation, possibly due to 10: 14533: 13293:Asian small-clawed otter ( 12032:American hog-nosed skunk ( 12014:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 10322:Angolan slender mongoose ( 10017:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 9066:Small-toothed palm civet ( 7531:"Mountain Lion Fact Sheet" 7100:The Naturalist in La Plata 5714:10.1515/mammalia-2020-0058 5081:. Idaho Mountain Express. 3030:10.1076/snfe.37.3.201.8567 2400:expanding human population 2383: 2133:with their hind feet, and 1707:El Eden Ecological Reserve 1482:Great American Interchange 47: 43:Catamount (disambiguation) 40: 29: 14487:Mammals described in 1771 14452:Felids of Central America 14316: 14019: 13943: 13872: 13769: 13696: 13682: 13608: 13378: 13327: 13318: 13272: 13248: 13215: 13198: 13174: 13123: 13106: 13089: 13060:Saharan striped polecat ( 13048: 13031: 12990: 12945: 12928: 12919: 12910: 12811: 12787: 12763: 12746: 12737: 12660: 12605: 12563: 12546: 12522: 12505: 12490: 12477: 12449: 12408: 12375: 12358: 12299: 12249: 12216: 12199: 12190: 12127: 12086: 12053: 12041:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 11994: 11973: 11951: 11947: 11934: 11870: 11853: 11812: 11784: 11772:Mediterranean monk seal ( 11767: 11733: 11683: 11650: 11615: 11606: 11580: 11563: 11544: 11501:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 11465:South American fur seal ( 11453: 11436: 11412: 11400:South American sea lion ( 11395: 11358: 11341: 11332: 11308: 11280: 11258: 11254: 11238: 11202: 11175: 11166: 11107: 11081: 11072: 11048: 11024: 11009: 10998: 10899: 10873: 10825: 10782:South American gray fox ( 10752: 10726: 10702: 10685: 10670: 10655: 10518: 10485: 10468: 10459: 10426: 10406: 10390: 10358:Common slender mongoose ( 10310: 10268: 10224: 10128: 10102: 10093: 10038: 10005: 9988: 9955: 9938: 9905: 9884: 9843: 9831:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 9826: 9793: 9776: 9767: 9730: 9704: 9695: 9678: 9662: 9626: 9600: 9585: 9561: 9542: 9538: 9525: 9493: 9489: 9353:Crested servaline genet ( 9308: 9269: 9260: 9205: 9179: 9164: 9142: 9096: 9052: 9043: 8994: 8979: 8966: 8934: 8836: 8772: 8755: 8746: 8718: 8701: 8668: 8617: 8530: 8493: 8476: 8467: 8430: 8406: 8397: 8381: 8313: 8280: 8267: 8247: 8194: 8177: 8162: 8146: 8108: 7996:Felidae Conservation Fund 7670:Wildlife Society Bulletin 7643:Wildlife Society Bulletin 7259:"Caso Ignacio Terán Luna" 7002:November 9, 2014, at the 6709:Wildlife Society Bulletin 6667:"Safety Guide to Cougars" 6628:Wildlife Society Bulletin 6143:Wildlife Society Bulletin 6070:10.1163/1568539X-00003173 5685:10.32800/abc.2021.44.0267 5502:10.1163/15707563-00002487 4885:10.1017/S0030605310001821 4708:Yellowstone National Park 4480:10.1017/S0030605318000327 4158:revistapesquisa.fapesp.br 4154:"Quando o pardo é branco" 3723:Canadian Wildlife Service 3690:10.1007/s10914-017-9385-x 3640:10.1017/S0031182019000787 3587:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.052 3272:Mantissa plantarum altera 3081:10.1017/S0952836902003230 2903:December 2, 2015, at the 2370:Relationships with humans 1976:Yellowstone National Park 1857:Yellowstone National Park 1715:Montecristo National Park 1339: 1322: 1315: 1297: 1289: 1239: 1213: 1201: 1180: 1168: 1157: 1150: 1124: 1113: 1106: 1099: 773:, in the Chilean part of 520:and areas in the western 411: 402: 376: 371: 352: 345: 227:Scientific classification 225: 208: 186: 177: 164: 155: 59: 13416:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 13284:African clawless otter ( 13036:African striped weasel ( 12849:Yellow-throated marten ( 12725:Formosan ferret-badger ( 12429:Western mountain coati ( 12420:Eastern mountain coati ( 12337:Western lowland olingo ( 12319:Eastern lowland olingo ( 12147:Southern spotted skunk ( 11841:Southern elephant seal ( 11832:Northern elephant seal ( 11622:Pagophilus groenlandicus 10399:("dog-like" carnivorans) 10212:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 9833:Mungotictis decemlineata 8708:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 8155:("cat-like" carnivorans) 8023:Mountain Lion Foundation 7777:. Retrieved: 2009/12/08. 5649:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-140R.1 5295:. missoulian.com. 2013. 5259:Cockle, Richard (2006). 4837:Whitaker, J. O. (1980). 4447:10.47603/manovol2n1.8-10 4369:10.15517/rbt.v66i1.27862 3766:. Florida Panther Refuge 2839:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 2051:northwest of Los Angeles 1933:Monte León National Park 1654:Distribution and habitat 1577:Cougar skull and jawbone 598:The cougar is listed as 48:Not to be confused with 14492:Pleistocene carnivorans 14462:Felids of South America 14457:Felids of North America 13461:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 12716:Burmese ferret-badger ( 12698:Chinese ferret-badger ( 12689:Bornean ferret badger ( 12680:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 12165:Eastern spotted skunk ( 12156:Western spotted skunk ( 11886:Leptonychotes weddellii 11528:Subantarctic fur seal ( 11474:Australasian fur seal ( 10298:Black-footed mongoose ( 10280:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 10229:White-tailed mongoose ( 10167:Indian brown mongoose ( 10149:Short-tailed mongoose ( 10140:Small Indian mongoose ( 10077:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 10050:Alexander's kusimanse ( 10026:Common dwarf mongoose ( 9993:Pousargues's mongoose ( 9855:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 9814:Grandidier's mongoose ( 9068:Arctogalidia trivirgata 8292:Sunda clouded leopard ( 8019:"Saving America's Lion" 7986:Santa Cruz Puma Project 7770:April 21, 2010, at the 5818:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-128.1 5595:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa103 5533:Acta Zoológica Mexicana 5234:"Overview: Gray Wolves" 3424:10.1093/jhered/91.3.186 3355:10.1126/science.1122277 2993:. Bt Bound. p. 49. 2633:, among others. To the 2528:, on October 20, 2020. 2363:Human–wildlife conflict 1921:Spheniscus magellanicus 1725:, it was recorded in a 1642:individual was seen in 1614:and larger towards the 1509:Pleistocene extinctions 649:. In the 17th century, 593:Fatal attacks on humans 32:Cougar (disambiguation) 14512:Quaternary carnivorans 13809:Cougar (mountain lion) 13690: 13302:Congo clawless otter ( 13205:Hydrictis maculicollis 13203:Spotted-necked otter ( 13162:Southern river otter ( 13113:Pteronura brasiliensis 12876:European pine marten ( 12387:South American coati ( 12115:Palawan stink badger ( 11441:New Zealand sea lion ( 10506:Japanese raccoon dog ( 10203:Crab-eating mongoose ( 10158:Indian grey mongoose ( 9781:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 9592:(bone-crushing hyenas) 9287:Central African oyan ( 8848:Chinese mountain cat ( 8011:July 31, 2018, at the 7909: 7889:Listen to this article 7380:Contreras, E. (2020). 7097:Hudson, W. H. (1892). 6581:McKee, Denise (2003). 6395:. 1993. Archived from 6361:. 1991. Archived from 5398:10.1126/sciadv.1701218 5158:. igorilla.com. 2000. 5122:Gugliotta, G. (2003). 4868:in southern Patagonia" 4520:10.1093/jmammal/gyz005 4428:Odocoileus virginianus 2974:. 1989. Archived from 2679:—hybrid of cougar and 2670:—hybrid of cougar and 2561: 2395: 2342:Endangered Species Act 2265: 2263:White Oak Conservation 2261:Two cougar kittens at 2177:Santa Monica Mountains 2171:North American cougar 2052: 2049:Santa Susana Mountains 1996:Glacier National Parks 1971: 1770: 1742:Magdalena River Valley 1674: 1519:South American cougars 1434:analysis. Significant 1409:lineage of the family 875:includes the synonyms 788:until the late 1980s. 777: 717:Taxonomy and evolution 14482:Carnivorans of Brazil 14275:Paleobiology Database 13688: 13542:Back-striped weasel ( 13488:Black-footed ferret ( 13260:Smooth-coated otter ( 13038:Poecilogale albinucha 12707:Javan ferret-badger ( 12593:Sumatran hog badger ( 12575:Northern hog badger ( 12269:Crab-eating raccoon ( 12174:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 11895:Lobodon carcinophagus 11631:Histriophoca fasciata 11424:Australian sea lion ( 11370:California sea lion ( 11119:American black bear ( 10861:Black-backed jackal ( 10852:Side-striped jackal ( 10692:Chrysocyon brachyurus 10116:Long-nosed mongoose ( 9389:Rusty-spotted genet ( 9226:Large-spotted civet ( 9075:Sulawesi palm civet ( 9004:Owston's palm civet ( 8578:Andean mountain cat ( 7908: 7057:Azara, F. d. (1838). 6553:. November 20, 2023. 5240:on September 29, 2007 5077:Kauffman, J. (2009). 5032:on September 25, 2016 5006:10.1093/beheco/aru189 4592:Naughton, D. (2014). 4214:Nowak, R. M. (1999). 3846:June 6, 2009, at the 3837:Shivaraju, A. (2003) 3764:Florida Panther Facts 3262:Linnaeus, C. (1771). 2791:: e.T18868A97216466. 2550: 2393: 2353:habitat fragmentation 2260: 2073:nine-banded armadillo 2046: 1957: 1769:Cougar with deer kill 1768: 1668:Saguaro National Park 1666:image of a cougar in 1661: 804:samples showed a low 767:South American cougar 765: 684:The cougar holds the 634:is borrowed from the 536:. It is an adaptable 460:), also known as the 171:Glacier National Park 167:North American cougar 14477:Mammals of Patagonia 14472:Mammals of the Andes 13661:Snipe (common snipe) 13641:Ring-necked pheasant 13357:Long-tailed weasel ( 12935:Lyncodon patagonicus 12584:Greater hog badger ( 12106:Sunda stink badger ( 11796:Hawaiian monk seal ( 11519:Guadalupe fur seal ( 11492:Antarctic fur seal ( 11483:Galápagos fur seal ( 11379:Galápagos sea lion ( 10497:Common raccoon dog ( 10349:Cape gray mongoose ( 10289:Jackson's mongoose ( 10249:Paracynictis selousi 10240:Cynictis penicillata 9864:Durrell's vontsira ( 9452:Giant forest genet ( 9244:Large Indian civet ( 9184:Small Indian civet ( 8793:Sunda leopard cat ( 8569:Southern tiger cat ( 8505:African golden cat ( 8182:African palm civet ( 7981:on November 3, 2013. 7940:More spoken articles 7467:"Cattle report 1990" 7263:Revista Química Viva 7196:"Response of pumas ( 6703:Beier, Paul (1991). 6423:Balanced Ecology Inc 6301:Conservation Biology 6209:Conservation Biology 5982:Conservation Biology 5805:Journal of Mammalogy 5637:Journal of Mammalogy 5582:Journal of Mammalogy 5273:on December 13, 2007 4623:The Wildlife Society 4507:Journal of Mammalogy 3754:. The Cougar Net.org 3719:Hinterland Who's Who 3297:Jardine, W. (1834). 3237:Wild, Paula (2013). 2989:Folkard, C. (2004). 2921:Take Our Word for It 2663:List of largest cats 2505:Iguazú National Park 2477:William Henry Hudson 2123:San Andres Mountains 2077:Dasypus novemcinctus 1992:American black bears 1752:Behavior and ecology 1691:Sierra de San Carlos 1436:confidence intervals 782:zoological specimens 665:was then adopted by 626:Naming and etymology 14467:Fauna of the Amazon 13656:Sharp-tailed grouse 13626:Hungarian partridge 13400:M. aistoodonnivalis 13236:Hairy-nosed otter ( 13153:Neotropical otter ( 12933:Patagonian weasel ( 12396:White-nosed coati ( 11596:Cystophora cristata 11587:Erignathus barbatus 11320:Northern fur seal ( 11097:Helarctos malayanus 10733:Atelocynus microtis 10440:U. cinereoargenteus 10331:Egyptian mongoose ( 10258:Rhynchogale melleri 10256:Meller's mongoose ( 10247:Selous's mongoose ( 10231:Ichneumia albicauda 10185:Collared mongoose ( 10059:Angolan kusimanse ( 9943:Liberian mongoose ( 9296:West African oyan ( 9195:Civettictis civetta 9126:Golden palm civet ( 9084:Masked palm civet ( 9059:Arctictis binturong 9033:Hemigalus derbyanus 9031:Banded palm civet ( 9022:Hose's palm civet ( 8811:Rusty-spotted cat ( 7600:2013PLoSO...879713P 7563:on January 11, 2011 7216:2017PLoSO..1288877G 6919:Scientific American 6470:2014PLoSO...9j7985E 6313:1993ConBi...7...94B 6256:Journal of Virology 6221:2000ConBi..14..798S 5994:2000ConBi..14..798S 5770:2013Biotr..45..373F 5390:2017SciA....3E1218E 5129:The Washington Post 5026:National Geographic 4651:. August 20, 2021. 4189:National Geographic 3935:1990Oecol..85..185I 3578:2005CBio...15.R589B 3411:Journal of Heredity 3347:2006Sci...311...73J 3149:2013PLoSO...881898D 3022:2002SNFE...37..201R 2917:"Words to the Wise" 2489:Francisco P. Moreno 1968:buck-and-rail fence 1964:National Elk Refuge 1917:Magellanic penguins 1687:Santa Ana Mountains 1480:Mya as part of the 1057:in research works. 981:P. c. costaricensis 792:analysis of cougar 180:Conservation status 13880:American alligator 13691: 13515:European polecat ( 13348:Colombian weasel ( 12998:(African polecats) 12626:Caucasian badger ( 12554:(Eurasian badgers) 12004:(hog-nosed skunks) 11741:("southern seals") 11640:Halichoerus grypus 11571:("northern seals") 11443:Phocarctos hookeri 11348:Eumetopias jubatus 11346:Steller sea lion ( 11128:Asian black bear ( 10878:African wild dog ( 10832:(wolf-like canids) 10109:Atilax paludinosus 10068:Common kusimanse ( 9995:Dologale dybowskii 9967:Gambian mongoose ( 9751:Western falanouc ( 9742:Eastern falanouc ( 9711:Cryptoprocta ferox 9616:Parahyaena brunnea 9371:Johnston's genet ( 9326:Abyssinian genet ( 9278:(African linsangs) 9186:Viverricula indica 9117:Brown palm civet ( 9108:Asian palm civet ( 9015:Cynogale bennettii 9006:Chrotogale owstoni 8902:European wildcat ( 8893:Black-footed cat ( 8483:Leptailurus serval 8451:Asian golden cat ( 8217:(Asiatic linsangs) 7910: 7300:Redacción (2012). 6979:The New York Times 6681:on August 23, 2007 5961:on August 20, 2007 5730:Journal of Zoology 5448:10.7717/peerj.2886 5347:Journal of Zoology 4993:Behavioral Ecology 4958:Environment Canada 4805:10.7717/peerj.2886 4704:"Wildlife: Wolves" 4296:Journal of Zoology 4258:10.7717/peerj.1118 4116:Journal of Zoology 4042:on August 24, 2011 3943:10.1007/BF00319400 3621:Toxascaris leonina 3069:Journal of Zoology 2562: 2493:Theodore Roosevelt 2451:, particularly on 2396: 2330:wildlife corridors 2266: 2053: 1972: 1855:Investigations at 1771: 1719:Morazán Department 1675: 1539:Toxascaris leonina 1534:Catamarca Province 1474:Bering land bridge 800:groups exist. The 778: 669:in 1693. In 1774, 538:generalist species 498:Western Hemisphere 14409: 14408: 14262:Open Tree of Life 14013:Taxon identifiers 14004: 14003: 13976:Waterfowl hunting 13824:White-tailed deer 13689:Waterfowl hunters 13570: 13569: 13566: 13565: 13562: 13561: 13558: 13557: 13554: 13553: 13533:Siberian weasel ( 13524:American ermine ( 13452:Japanese weasel ( 13407:Mountain weasel ( 13391: 13314: 13313: 13100: 13085: 13084: 13081: 13080: 13069:Striped polecat ( 13019:Marbled polecat ( 13001: 12986: 12985: 12958: 12906: 12905: 12885:Japanese marten ( 12831:American marten ( 12824: 12682:M. cucphuongensis 12673: 12656: 12655: 12644:European badger ( 12617:Japanese badger ( 12557: 12510:American badger ( 12473: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12445: 12444: 12441: 12440: 12369: 12328:Northern olingo ( 12312: 12287:Cozumel raccoon ( 12262: 12186: 12185: 12140: 12099: 12007: 11988: 11930: 11929: 11926: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11918: 11917: 11914: 11913: 11904:Ommatophoca rossi 11877:Hydrurga leptonyx 11864: 11861:(Antarctic seals) 11834:M. angustirostris 11825: 11808: 11807: 11774:Monachus monachus 11761: 11744: 11729: 11728: 11725: 11724: 11574: 11557: 11540: 11539: 11402:Otaria flavescens 11391: 11390: 11302: 11270:Odobenus rosmarus 11234: 11233: 11230: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11222: 11221: 11185: 11162: 11161: 11158: 11157: 11060:Spectacled bear ( 11018: 10994: 10993: 10990: 10989: 10986: 10985: 10834: 10821: 10820: 10740:Crab-eating fox ( 10731:Short-eared dog ( 10679: 10664: 10651: 10650: 10533: 10475:Otocyon megalotis 10419: 10386: 10385: 10382: 10381: 10378: 10377: 10374: 10373: 10370: 10369: 10238:Yellow mongoose ( 10089: 10088: 9976:Banded mongoose ( 9945:Liberiictus kuhni 9899: 9880: 9879: 9876: 9875: 9763: 9762: 9689: 9658: 9657: 9654: 9653: 9650: 9649: 9594: 9555: 9521: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9513: 9512: 9485: 9484: 9481: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9473: 9472: 9425:Servaline genet ( 9344:Bourlon's genet ( 9319: 9280: 9256: 9255: 9138: 9137: 9110:P. hermaphroditus 8962: 8961: 8958: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8930: 8929: 8926: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8918: 8917: 8914: 8913: 8875:African wildcat ( 8832: 8831: 8802:Flat-headed cat ( 8742: 8741: 8526: 8525: 8463: 8462: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8301:Clouded leopard ( 8260: 8235:Spotted linsang ( 8219: 8184:Nandinia binotata 8042:SaveTheCougar.org 7906: 7837:978-1-4351-1086-1 7798:Wildlife Services 7720:Thames and Hudson 7008:Los Angeles Times 6899:, June 25, 2008; 6895:, June 23, 2008; 6767:on April 30, 2007 6525:10.1111/mam.12224 6385:"Florida Panther" 6262:(17): 9578–9589. 6127:978-0-226-35344-9 5844:Wildlife Research 5778:10.1111/btp.12021 5742:10.1111/jzo.12558 5054:. forwolves.org. 4603:978-1-4426-4483-0 4567:10.1111/mam.12281 4422:"First record of 4406:10.15560/16.3.563 4195:on August 1, 2023 4164:on August 7, 2020 3633:(10): 1284–1288. 3572:(15): R589–R590. 3534:978-0-19-923445-5 3224:Colorado Magazine 2946:Harper, Douglas. 2852:978-0-8018-8221-0 2825:Wozencraft, W. C. 2721:Explanatory notes 2548: 2375:Attacks on humans 2316:, Brazil, Chile, 2278:CITES Appendix II 2009:Sun Valley, Idaho 1786:white-tailed deer 1695:Yucatán Peninsula 1486:Isthmus of Panama 1432:mitochondrial DNA 1417: 1416: 1399: 1398: 1390: 1389: 1381: 1380: 1372: 1371: 1363: 1362: 1354: 1353: 1278: 1277: 1269: 1268: 1260: 1259: 1139: 1138: 794:mitochondrial DNA 754:and the cheetah. 528:and the southern 526:Amazon Rainforest 416: 415: 220: 203: 150: 16:(Redirected from 14524: 14402: 14401: 14389: 14388: 14376: 14375: 14363: 14362: 14350: 14349: 14337: 14336: 14335: 14309: 14308: 14296: 14295: 14283: 14282: 14270: 14269: 14257: 14256: 14244: 14243: 14231: 14230: 14218: 14217: 14205: 14204: 14192: 14191: 14179: 14178: 14166: 14165: 14153: 14152: 14140: 14139: 14127: 14126: 14117: 14116: 14104: 14103: 14091: 14090: 14078: 14077: 14068: 14067: 14055: 14054: 14053: 14040: 14039: 14038: 14008: 14007: 13956:Big-game hunting 13741:Northern pintail 13597: 13590: 13583: 13574: 13573: 13506:Malayan weasel ( 13425:Steppe polecat ( 13398:Sichuan weasel ( 13390: 13389: 13385: 13325: 13324: 13262:L. perspicillata 13227:Eurasian otter ( 13104: 13103: 13099: 13098: 13094: 13005: 13004: 13000: 12999: 12995: 12974:Greater grison ( 12957: 12956: 12952: 12926: 12925: 12917: 12916: 12867:Nilgiri marten ( 12840:Pacific marten ( 12823: 12822: 12818: 12744: 12743: 12727:M. subaurantiaca 12672: 12671: 12670:(ferret-badgers) 12667: 12561: 12560: 12556: 12555: 12551: 12503: 12502: 12492: 12491: 12479: 12478: 12373: 12372: 12368: 12367: 12363: 12311: 12310: 12306: 12261: 12260: 12256: 12197: 12196: 12139: 12138: 12137:(spotted skunks) 12134: 12098: 12097: 12093: 12006: 12005: 12001: 11992: 11991: 11987: 11986: 11978: 11949: 11948: 11936: 11935: 11893:Crabeater seal ( 11868: 11867: 11863: 11862: 11858: 11824: 11823: 11822:(elephant seals) 11819: 11798:N. schauinslandi 11765: 11764: 11760: 11759: 11755: 11748: 11747: 11743: 11742: 11738: 11613: 11612: 11578: 11577: 11573: 11572: 11568: 11561: 11560: 11556: 11555: 11549: 11510:Brown fur seal ( 11485:A. galapagoensis 11372:Z. californianus 11339: 11338: 11306: 11305: 11301: 11300: 11286: 11256: 11255: 11248: 11240: 11239: 11184: 11183: 11179: 11173: 11172: 11088:Melursus ursinus 11079: 11078: 11022: 11021: 11017: 11014: 11007: 11006: 10974:Ethiopian wolf ( 10838: 10837: 10833: 10830: 10683: 10682: 10678: 10675: 10668: 10667: 10663: 10660: 10549:Blanford's fox ( 10532: 10525: 10466: 10465: 10424: 10423: 10418: 10415: 10408: 10407: 10400: 10392: 10391: 10194:Ruddy mongoose ( 10176:Javan mongoose ( 10107:Marsh mongoose ( 10100: 10099: 10079:C. platycephalus 9912: 9911: 9903: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9774: 9773: 9718:Malagasy civet ( 9702: 9701: 9693: 9692: 9688: 9683: 9676: 9675: 9671: 9598: 9597: 9593: 9590: 9559: 9558: 9554: 9551: 9544: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9527: 9526: 9491: 9490: 9318: 9315: 9279: 9276: 9267: 9266: 9177: 9176: 9173: 9162: 9161: 9157: 9144: 9143: 9050: 9049: 8992: 8991: 8981: 8980: 8968: 8967: 8762:Otocolobus manul 8753: 8752: 8675: 8674: 8551:Geoffroy's cat ( 8474: 8473: 8404: 8403: 8395: 8394: 8390: 8278: 8277: 8269: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8259: 8256: 8249: 8248: 8226:Banded linsang ( 8218: 8215: 8207: 8206: 8196: 8195: 8175: 8174: 8164: 8163: 8156: 8148: 8147: 8093: 8086: 8079: 8070: 8069: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8029:on July 31, 2018 8025:. Archived from 7982: 7960: 7930: 7928: 7917: 7916: 7907: 7897: 7895: 7890: 7842: 7841: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7806: 7792: 7784: 7778: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7729: 7723: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7665: 7659: 7658: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7621: 7611: 7579: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7537:on July 20, 2012 7527: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7510: 7503: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7478: 7471: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7438: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7356: 7347:(3–4): 139–142. 7328: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7306:Diario Río Negro 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7237: 7227: 7210:(12): e0188877. 7191: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7166: 7160: 7159: 7157: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7122: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7108: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7080: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7037: 7030: 7017: 7011: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6981:. June 4, 1995. 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6910: 6904: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6859: 6853: 6852: 6846: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6715:on June 22, 2012 6700: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6663: 6654: 6653: 6643: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6602: 6578: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6491: 6481: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6365:on April 3, 2007 6351:"Eastern Cougar" 6347: 6341: 6340: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6279: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6188:on June 13, 2007 6184:. Archived from 6178:"Mountain Lions" 6173: 6167: 6166: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6095:on June 13, 2007 6091:. Archived from 6085:"Mountain Lions" 6080: 6074: 6073: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6036: 6029: 6020: 6014: 6013: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5957:. Archived from 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5930: 5923: 5914: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5892: 5885: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5820: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5752: 5746: 5745: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5607: 5597: 5588:(5): 1313–1331. 5573: 5567: 5566: 5560: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5460: 5450: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5409: 5384:(10): e1701218. 5378:Science Advances 5369: 5363: 5362: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5326:on July 16, 2006 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5269:. Archived from 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5136:on July 23, 2013 5132:. Archived from 5119: 5113: 5112: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5028:. Archived from 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4967: 4954: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4887: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4817: 4807: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4736: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4700: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4677:. May 10, 2023. 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4589: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4522: 4494: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4311: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4270: 4260: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4191:. Archived from 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4090: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4038:. Archived from 4030:Spalding, D. J. 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4016: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3916: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3888: 3881: 3872: 3851: 3835: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3806: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3777:"Mountain Lion ( 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3729:. Archived from 3711: 3702: 3701: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3652: 3642: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3589: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3499: 3488: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3426: 3402: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3324: 3311: 3310: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3170: 3160: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3100:Wildlife Biology 3091: 3085: 3084: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2978:on June 1, 2013. 2964: 2958: 2957: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2913: 2907: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2821: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2800: 2770: 2743: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2712: 2711: 2700: 2699: 2691: 2549: 2514:Rosario de Lerma 2463:In South America 2453:Vancouver Island 2449:British Columbia 2416: 2415: 2411: 2380:In North America 2243:Vancouver Island 2209:gestation period 2189: 2168: 1885:American beavers 1773:The cougar is a 1761:Hunting and diet 1588: 1574: 1544:Late Pleistocene 1479: 1318: 1317: 1292: 1291: 1251: 1222: 1204: 1203: 1190: 1171: 1170: 1160: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1102: 1101: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1040: 1005: 989: 913: 901: 874: 827: 826:(Linnaeus, 1771) 702:Quechua language 506:British Columbia 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 407: 358: 338:P. concolor 235: 234: 214: 197: 192: 191: 173:, United States 160: 141: 140: 70: 63:Temporal range: 57: 56: 21: 14532: 14531: 14527: 14526: 14525: 14523: 14522: 14521: 14412: 14411: 14410: 14405: 14397: 14392: 14384: 14379: 14371: 14366: 14358: 14353: 14345: 14340: 14331: 14330: 14325: 14312: 14304: 14299: 14291: 14286: 14278: 14273: 14265: 14260: 14252: 14249:Observation.org 14247: 14239: 14234: 14226: 14221: 14213: 14208: 14200: 14195: 14187: 14182: 14174: 14169: 14161: 14156: 14148: 14143: 14135: 14130: 14122: 14120: 14112: 14107: 14099: 14094: 14086: 14081: 14073: 14071: 14063: 14058: 14049: 14048: 14043: 14034: 14033: 14028: 14015: 14005: 14000: 13939: 13868: 13799:Bison (buffalo) 13765: 13692: 13680: 13631:Prairie chicken 13604: 13601: 13571: 13550: 13526:M. richardsonii 13470:European mink ( 13387: 13386: 13384: 13374: 13366:American mink ( 13339:Amazon weasel ( 13310: 13268: 13244: 13211: 13194: 13170: 13119: 13096: 13095: 13093: 13077: 13044: 13027: 12997: 12996: 12994: 12982: 12965:Lesser grison ( 12954: 12953: 12951: 12941: 12902: 12820: 12819: 12817: 12807: 12783: 12759: 12733: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12652: 12601: 12553: 12552: 12550: 12542: 12518: 12499: 12486: 12465: 12437: 12404: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12354: 12308: 12307: 12305: 12295: 12258: 12257: 12255: 12245: 12212: 12182: 12149:S. angustifrons 12136: 12135: 12133: 12123: 12096:(stink badgers) 12095: 12094: 12092: 12082: 12074:Striped skunk ( 12049: 12043:C. semistriatus 12003: 12002: 12000: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11969: 11963:Ailurus fulgens 11943: 11910: 11860: 11859: 11857: 11849: 11821: 11820: 11818: 11804: 11780: 11757: 11756: 11754: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11721: 11679: 11646: 11602: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11553: 11551: 11550: 11548: 11536: 11449: 11432: 11408: 11387: 11354: 11328: 11295: 11290: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11281: 11276: 11250: 11246: 11218: 11198: 11181: 11180: 11154: 11103: 11068: 11044: 11015: 11013: 11003: 10982: 10911:Golden jackal ( 10895: 10869: 10831: 10829: 10817: 10748: 10742:Cerdocyon thous 10722: 10698: 10676: 10674: 10661: 10659: 10647: 10612:Rüppell's fox ( 10526: 10524: 10514: 10499:N. procyonoides 10481: 10473:Bat-eared fox ( 10455: 10420: 10416: 10402: 10398: 10366: 10351:H. pulverulenta 10306: 10264: 10220: 10187:U. semitorquata 10142:U. auropunctata 10124: 10085: 10034: 10001: 9984: 9951: 9934: 9896: 9894: 9889: 9888: 9872: 9839: 9822: 9789: 9783:Galidia elegans 9759: 9726: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9672: 9667: 9646: 9638:Spotted hyena ( 9622: 9605:Striped hyena ( 9591: 9589: 9581: 9552: 9550: 9534: 9509: 9469: 9407:Aquatic genet ( 9398:Pardine genet ( 9335:Angolan genet ( 9316: 9314: 9304: 9289:P. richardsonii 9277: 9275: 9252: 9235:Malayan civet ( 9201: 9193:African civet ( 9169: 9168: 9158: 9153: 9152: 9148: 9134: 9092: 9039: 9024:Diplogale hosei 8988: 8975: 8950: 8910: 8828: 8768: 8748: 8738: 8714: 8697: 8670: 8664: 8638:Eurasian lynx ( 8613: 8522: 8489: 8469: 8459: 8426: 8399: 8391: 8386: 8369: 8309: 8261: 8257: 8243: 8216: 8203: 8190: 8171: 8158: 8154: 8142: 8104: 8097: 8032: 8030: 8017: 8013:Wayback Machine 7969: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7932: 7926: 7924: 7921:This audio file 7918: 7911: 7902: 7899: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7860:Mark Elbroch: 7850: 7848:Further reading 7845: 7838: 7824: 7820: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7790: 7786: 7785: 7781: 7772:Wayback Machine 7761: 7757: 7747: 7745: 7732:Tarmo, Kulmar. 7730: 7726: 7709: 7705: 7693: 7689: 7666: 7662: 7639: 7635: 7580: 7576: 7566: 7564: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7540: 7538: 7529: 7528: 7524: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7492: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7469: 7465: 7464: 7460: 7411: 7407: 7397: 7395: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7298: 7294: 7284: 7282: 7255: 7251: 7192: 7188: 7178: 7176: 7167: 7163: 7148: 7144: 7134: 7132: 7123: 7119: 7106: 7104: 7095: 7091: 7078: 7076: 7055: 7051: 7041: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7018: 7014: 7004:Wayback Machine 6994: 6990: 6973: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6928: 6926: 6911: 6907: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6860: 6856: 6840: 6839: 6832: 6830: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6784: 6780: 6770: 6768: 6759: 6758: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6741:on May 18, 2007 6733: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6701: 6694: 6684: 6682: 6665: 6664: 6657: 6620: 6616: 6579: 6570: 6560: 6558: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6509: 6505: 6464:(10): e107985. 6446: 6442: 6432: 6430: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6402: 6400: 6399:on June 4, 2007 6383: 6382: 6378: 6368: 6366: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6297: 6293: 6248: 6244: 6205: 6201: 6191: 6189: 6174: 6170: 6139: 6135: 6128: 6112: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6081: 6077: 6054: 6050: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6027: 6021: 6017: 5978: 5974: 5964: 5962: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5915: 5906: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5877: 5873: 5856:10.1071/WR16056 5840: 5836: 5797: 5793: 5753: 5749: 5725: 5721: 5697: 5693: 5660: 5656: 5625: 5621: 5574: 5570: 5554: 5553: 5546: 5544: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5478: 5474: 5427: 5423: 5370: 5366: 5343: 5339: 5329: 5327: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5188:on May 17, 2013 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5120: 5116: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5075: 5071: 5061: 5059: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5018: 5014: 4985: 4981: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4952: 4942: 4938: 4907: 4903: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4835: 4831: 4784: 4780: 4773:10.1139/z97-098 4757: 4753: 4737: 4724: 4717: 4715: 4702: 4701: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4632: 4630: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4590: 4575: 4542: 4538: 4495: 4488: 4459: 4455: 4434:Mammalogy Notes 4418: 4414: 4381: 4377: 4344: 4340: 4329: 4325: 4309:10.1.1.571.8947 4288: 4284: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4108: 4104: 4059: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4028: 4024: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3993: 3986: 3970: 3966: 3917: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3873: 3854: 3848:Wayback Machine 3836: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3808: 3807: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3733:on May 18, 2007 3713: 3712: 3705: 3670: 3666: 3615: 3611: 3566:Current Biology 3558: 3554: 3544: 3542: 3535: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3486: 3479: 3475: 3444: 3440: 3403: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3341:(5757): 73–77. 3325: 3314: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3235: 3231: 3220: 3216: 3206: 3204: 3189: 3188: 3184: 3125: 3121: 3092: 3088: 3057: 3053: 3002: 2998: 2987: 2983: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2905:Wayback Machine 2895: 2888: 2886: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2853: 2822: 2813: 2803: 2801: 2771: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2706: 2694: 2686: 2659: 2592: 2575:surplus killing 2553:The Cougar Hunt 2539: 2537: 2526:Los Ríos Region 2467:Cougars in the 2465: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2388: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2338:Florida panther 2255: 2201:sexual maturity 2197: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2181: 2180: 2179: 2169: 2158: 2085:Cockscomb Basin 2041: 1952: 1940:ambush predator 1828:populations in 1763: 1754: 1734:riparian forest 1656: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1564: 1562:Characteristics 1532:in Argentina's 1477: 1400: 1391: 1382: 1373: 1364: 1355: 1279: 1270: 1261: 1245:H. yagouaroundi 1140: 1088: 1035: 995: 983: 907: 895: 868: 825: 802:Florida panther 798:phylogeographic 760: 744:William Jardine 726:scientific name 719: 651:Georg Marcgrave 628: 622:subpopulation. 620:Florida panther 616:locally extinct 571:, particularly 565:ambush predator 530:Andes Mountains 518:Rocky Mountains 433: 429: 367: 360: 354: 341: 229: 221: 204: 193: 189: 182: 151: 139: 138: 137: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 65: 64: 61: 53: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14530: 14520: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14432:Apex predators 14429: 14424: 14407: 14406: 14404: 14403: 14390: 14377: 14364: 14351: 14338: 14322: 14320: 14318:Felis concolor 14314: 14313: 14311: 14310: 14297: 14284: 14271: 14258: 14245: 14232: 14219: 14206: 14193: 14180: 14167: 14154: 14141: 14128: 14118: 14105: 14092: 14079: 14069: 14056: 14041: 14025: 14023: 14017: 14016: 14002: 14001: 13999: 13998: 13996:Upland hunting 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13947: 13945: 13941: 13940: 13938: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13876: 13874: 13870: 13869: 13867: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13775: 13773: 13767: 13766: 13764: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13702: 13700: 13694: 13693: 13683: 13681: 13679: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13616:Bobwhite quail 13612: 13610: 13606: 13605: 13600: 13599: 13592: 13585: 13577: 13568: 13567: 13564: 13563: 13560: 13559: 13556: 13555: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13548: 13544:M. strigidorsa 13539: 13530: 13521: 13512: 13503: 13497:Least weasel ( 13494: 13485: 13476: 13467: 13458: 13449: 13443:Haida ermine ( 13440: 13431: 13427:M. eversmannii 13422: 13413: 13404: 13394: 13392: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13372: 13363: 13354: 13345: 13335: 13333: 13322: 13316: 13315: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13308: 13299: 13290: 13280: 13278: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13266: 13256: 13254: 13246: 13245: 13243: 13242: 13233: 13223: 13221: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13209: 13199: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13192: 13182: 13180: 13172: 13171: 13169: 13168: 13159: 13155:L. longicaudis 13150: 13144:Marine otter ( 13141: 13131: 13129: 13121: 13120: 13118: 13117: 13107: 13101: 13087: 13086: 13083: 13082: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13075: 13066: 13056: 13054: 13046: 13045: 13043: 13042: 13032: 13029: 13028: 13026: 13025: 13015: 13013: 13002: 12988: 12987: 12984: 12983: 12981: 12980: 12971: 12961: 12959: 12943: 12942: 12940: 12939: 12929: 12923: 12914: 12908: 12907: 12904: 12903: 12901: 12900: 12891: 12882: 12873: 12864: 12858:Beech marten ( 12855: 12846: 12837: 12827: 12825: 12809: 12808: 12806: 12805: 12795: 12793: 12785: 12784: 12782: 12781: 12771: 12769: 12761: 12760: 12758: 12757: 12747: 12741: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12731: 12722: 12713: 12704: 12695: 12686: 12676: 12674: 12658: 12657: 12654: 12653: 12651: 12650: 12641: 12635:Asian badger ( 12632: 12623: 12613: 12611: 12603: 12602: 12600: 12599: 12590: 12581: 12577:A. albogularis 12571: 12569: 12558: 12544: 12543: 12541: 12540: 12534:Honey badger ( 12530: 12528: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12516: 12506: 12500: 12495: 12488: 12487: 12475: 12474: 12471: 12470: 12467: 12466: 12464: 12463: 12462: 12461: 12455: 12453: 12447: 12446: 12443: 12442: 12439: 12438: 12436: 12435: 12426: 12416: 12414: 12406: 12405: 12403: 12402: 12393: 12383: 12381: 12370: 12356: 12355: 12353: 12352: 12343: 12334: 12325: 12315: 12313: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12293: 12284: 12275: 12271:P. cancrivorus 12265: 12263: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12243: 12239:B. sumichrasti 12234: 12224: 12222: 12214: 12213: 12211: 12210: 12200: 12194: 12188: 12187: 12184: 12183: 12181: 12180: 12171: 12162: 12153: 12143: 12141: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12121: 12112: 12102: 12100: 12084: 12083: 12081: 12080: 12071: 12065:Hooded skunk ( 12061: 12059: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12047: 12038: 12029: 12020: 12010: 12008: 11989: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11967: 11957: 11955: 11945: 11944: 11932: 11931: 11928: 11927: 11924: 11923: 11920: 11919: 11916: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11908: 11899: 11890: 11884:Weddell seal ( 11881: 11875:Leopard seal ( 11871: 11865: 11851: 11850: 11848: 11847: 11838: 11828: 11826: 11810: 11809: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11802: 11792: 11790: 11782: 11781: 11779: 11778: 11768: 11762: 11745: 11731: 11730: 11727: 11726: 11723: 11722: 11720: 11719: 11710: 11701: 11695:Caspian seal ( 11691: 11689: 11681: 11680: 11678: 11677: 11668: 11662:Spotted seal ( 11658: 11656: 11648: 11647: 11645: 11644: 11635: 11626: 11616: 11610: 11604: 11603: 11601: 11600: 11591: 11585:Bearded seal ( 11581: 11575: 11558: 11554:or true seals) 11552:(earless seals 11542: 11541: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11534: 11525: 11516: 11507: 11498: 11489: 11480: 11471: 11461: 11459: 11451: 11450: 11448: 11447: 11437: 11434: 11433: 11431: 11430: 11420: 11418: 11410: 11409: 11407: 11406: 11396: 11393: 11392: 11389: 11388: 11386: 11385: 11376: 11366: 11364: 11356: 11355: 11353: 11352: 11342: 11336: 11330: 11329: 11327: 11326: 11316: 11314: 11303: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11274: 11264: 11262: 11252: 11251: 11236: 11235: 11232: 11231: 11228: 11227: 11224: 11223: 11220: 11219: 11217: 11216: 11215: 11214: 11208: 11206: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11196: 11195: 11194: 11188: 11186: 11170: 11164: 11163: 11160: 11159: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11152: 11143: 11134: 11125: 11115: 11113: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11101: 11092: 11082: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11067: 11066: 11056: 11054: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11042: 11038:A. melanoleuca 11032: 11030: 11019: 11004: 10999: 10996: 10995: 10992: 10991: 10988: 10987: 10984: 10983: 10981: 10980: 10971: 10962: 10956:Eastern wolf ( 10953: 10944: 10938:African wolf ( 10935: 10926: 10920:Domestic dog ( 10917: 10907: 10905: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10893: 10884: 10874: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10867: 10858: 10848: 10846: 10835: 10823: 10822: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10815: 10806: 10800:Sechuran fox ( 10797: 10793:L. gymnocercus 10788: 10779: 10773:Darwin's fox ( 10770: 10760: 10758: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10746: 10737: 10727: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10720: 10710: 10708: 10700: 10699: 10697: 10696: 10686: 10680: 10665: 10653: 10652: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10645: 10636: 10627: 10618: 10609: 10600: 10591: 10582: 10573: 10564: 10555: 10546: 10542:V. bengalensis 10536: 10534: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10512: 10503: 10493: 10491: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10479: 10469: 10463: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10453: 10444: 10434: 10432: 10421: 10411: 10404: 10403: 10388: 10387: 10384: 10383: 10380: 10379: 10376: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10364: 10355: 10346: 10337: 10328: 10318: 10316: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10295: 10286: 10282:B. crassicauda 10276: 10274: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10262: 10253: 10244: 10235: 10225: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10218: 10209: 10200: 10191: 10182: 10173: 10164: 10155: 10146: 10136: 10134: 10126: 10125: 10123: 10122: 10113: 10103: 10097: 10091: 10090: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10083: 10074: 10065: 10056: 10046: 10044: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10032: 10023: 10013: 10011: 10003: 10002: 10000: 9999: 9989: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9982: 9973: 9963: 9961: 9953: 9952: 9950: 9949: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9922: 9920: 9909: 9900: 9882: 9881: 9878: 9877: 9874: 9873: 9871: 9870: 9861: 9851: 9849: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9837: 9827: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9820: 9816:G. grandidieri 9811: 9801: 9799: 9791: 9790: 9788: 9787: 9777: 9771: 9765: 9764: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9757: 9748: 9738: 9736: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9724: 9715: 9705: 9699: 9690: 9673: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9656: 9655: 9652: 9651: 9648: 9647: 9645: 9644: 9634: 9632: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9620: 9611: 9601: 9595: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9579: 9569: 9567: 9556: 9536: 9535: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9507: 9506: 9505: 9499: 9497: 9487: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9479: 9478: 9475: 9474: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9467: 9458: 9449: 9440: 9431: 9422: 9413: 9404: 9395: 9386: 9380:Letaba genet ( 9377: 9368: 9362:Common genet ( 9359: 9350: 9341: 9332: 9322: 9320: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9302: 9293: 9283: 9281: 9264: 9258: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9250: 9241: 9232: 9223: 9213: 9211: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9199: 9190: 9180: 9174: 9159: 9147: 9140: 9139: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9128:P. zeylonensis 9123: 9114: 9104: 9102: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9086:Paguma larvata 9081: 9072: 9063: 9053: 9047: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9028: 9019: 9010: 9000: 8998: 8989: 8984: 8977: 8976: 8964: 8963: 8960: 8959: 8956: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8940: 8938: 8932: 8931: 8928: 8927: 8924: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8916: 8915: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8899: 8890: 8881: 8872: 8863: 8857:Domestic cat ( 8854: 8844: 8842: 8834: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8826: 8817: 8813:P. rubiginosus 8808: 8799: 8790: 8786:P. bengalensis 8780: 8778: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8766: 8760:Pallas's cat ( 8756: 8750: 8744: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8736: 8726: 8724: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8695: 8685: 8683: 8672: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8653: 8647:Iberian lynx ( 8644: 8635: 8625: 8623: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8611: 8602: 8593: 8584: 8575: 8566: 8557: 8548: 8538: 8536: 8528: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8511: 8501: 8499: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8477: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8457: 8448: 8438: 8436: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8414: 8412: 8401: 8392: 8382: 8379: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8358: 8349: 8340: 8331: 8325:Snow leopard ( 8321: 8319: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8307: 8298: 8288: 8286: 8275: 8262: 8252: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8232: 8222: 8220: 8204: 8199: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8188: 8178: 8172: 8167: 8160: 8159: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8138:Laurasiatheria 8134: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8096: 8095: 8088: 8081: 8073: 8067: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8045: 8039: 8015: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7967: 7961: 7933: 7919: 7912: 7900: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7883:External links 7881: 7880: 7879: 7872: 7865: 7858: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7836: 7818: 7779: 7755: 7724: 7703: 7687: 7676:(3): 451–460. 7660: 7649:(4): 403–412. 7633: 7594:(11): e79713. 7574: 7548: 7522: 7490: 7458: 7421:(1): 224–227. 7405: 7390:(in Spanish). 7372: 7343:(in Spanish). 7323: 7308:(in Spanish). 7292: 7265:(in Spanish). 7249: 7186: 7161: 7142: 7117: 7089: 7049: 7031:(in Spanish). 7012: 6988: 6966: 6936: 6905: 6903:, July 1, 2008 6881: 6866:. CBS BOston. 6854: 6809: 6778: 6752: 6726: 6692: 6655: 6634:(3): 905–913. 6614: 6568: 6538: 6519:(2): 228–246. 6503: 6440: 6410: 6376: 6342: 6291: 6242: 6215:(3): 798–808. 6199: 6168: 6149:(3): 711–717. 6133: 6126: 6106: 6075: 6064:(6): 819–840. 6048: 6015: 5988:(3): 798–808. 5972: 5942: 5904: 5871: 5850:(6): 449–460. 5834: 5811:(4): 926–934. 5791: 5764:(3): 373–379. 5747: 5736:(4): 246–255. 5719: 5708:(3): 208–219. 5691: 5678:(2): 267–278. 5654: 5643:(3): 612–620. 5619: 5568: 5519: 5490:Animal Biology 5472: 5421: 5364: 5353:(3): 373–379. 5337: 5318:Hamdig, Paul. 5310: 5284: 5251: 5225: 5199: 5173: 5147: 5114: 5096: 5069: 5043: 5012: 4979: 4936: 4917:(4): 466–471. 4901: 4878:(1): 106–111. 4854: 4847: 4829: 4778: 4767:(5): 771–775. 4751: 4692: 4666: 4640: 4609: 4602: 4573: 4560:(3): 360–376. 4536: 4513:(1): 202–211. 4486: 4473:(4): 554–563. 4453: 4412: 4399:(4): 563–570. 4375: 4338: 4323: 4302:(3): 270–277. 4282: 4231: 4224: 4206: 4175: 4145: 4122:(3): 373–379. 4102: 4073:(2): 303–309. 4053: 4022: 3991: 3985:978-0226353449 3984: 3964: 3929:(2): 185–190. 3900: 3852: 3827: 3798: 3768: 3756: 3744: 3703: 3684:(3): 381–389. 3664: 3609: 3552: 3533: 3511: 3473: 3438: 3388: 3312: 3289: 3266:Felis concolor 3254: 3247: 3229: 3214: 3182: 3143:(12): e81898. 3119: 3106:(2): 201–210. 3086: 3075:(3): 269–279. 3051: 3016:(3): 201–205. 2996: 2981: 2959: 2938: 2908: 2879:Douglas Harper 2866: 2851: 2811: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2735: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2716: 2704: 2684: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2658: 2655: 2619:Hocąk language 2591: 2588: 2536: 2533: 2473:Félix de Azara 2464: 2461: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2254: 2251: 2228:mortality rate 2199:Females reach 2191: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2170: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2141:and sometimes 2040: 2037: 1951: 1948: 1850:Mojave Deserts 1778:hypercarnivore 1762: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1697:, it inhabits 1655: 1652: 1590: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1415: 1414: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1296: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1238: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1212: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1179: 1169: 1167: 1166: lineage 1158: 1156: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1123: 1122: lineage 1114: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1093: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1074: 1070:P. c. concolor 1051: 1050: 1033:P. c. cabrerae 1030: 1016:capricornensis 993:P. c. anthonyi 990: 978: 972:vancouverensis 902: 863: 823:P. c. concolor 806:microsatellite 759: 756: 722:Felis concolor 718: 715: 627: 624: 612:eastern cougar 557:crepuscularity 414: 413: 409: 408: 400: 399: 392: 391: 384: 381:P. c. concolor 374: 373: 369: 368: 361: 350: 349: 343: 342: 335: 333: 329: 328: 321: 317: 316: 311: 307: 306: 301: 297: 296: 291: 287: 286: 281: 277: 276: 271: 267: 266: 261: 257: 256: 251: 247: 246: 241: 237: 236: 223: 222: 209: 206: 205: 187: 184: 183: 178: 175: 174: 162: 161: 153: 152: 134: 133: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 62: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14529: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14419: 14417: 14400: 14395: 14391: 14387: 14382: 14378: 14374: 14369: 14365: 14361: 14356: 14352: 14348: 14343: 14339: 14334: 14328: 14324: 14323: 14321: 14319: 14315: 14307: 14302: 14298: 14294: 14289: 14285: 14281: 14276: 14272: 14268: 14263: 14259: 14255: 14250: 14246: 14242: 14237: 14233: 14229: 14224: 14220: 14216: 14211: 14207: 14203: 14198: 14194: 14190: 14185: 14181: 14177: 14172: 14168: 14164: 14159: 14155: 14151: 14146: 14142: 14138: 14133: 14129: 14125: 14119: 14115: 14110: 14106: 14102: 14097: 14093: 14089: 14084: 14080: 14076: 14070: 14066: 14065:Puma_concolor 14061: 14057: 14052: 14051:Puma concolor 14046: 14042: 14037: 14031: 14027: 14026: 14024: 14022: 14021:Puma concolor 14018: 14014: 14009: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13961:Bison hunting 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13948: 13946: 13942: 13936: 13935:Snowshoe hare 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13910:Gray squirrel 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13877: 13875: 13871: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13834:Mountain goat 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13779:Bighorn sheep 13777: 13776: 13774: 13772: 13768: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13726:Greater scaup 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13703: 13701: 13699: 13695: 13687: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13666:Spruce grouse 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13651:Ruffed grouse 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13636:Mourning dove 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13613: 13611: 13607: 13598: 13593: 13591: 13586: 13584: 13579: 13578: 13575: 13547: 13545: 13540: 13538: 13536: 13531: 13529: 13527: 13522: 13520: 13518: 13513: 13511: 13509: 13504: 13502: 13500: 13495: 13493: 13491: 13486: 13484: 13482: 13481:M. lutreolina 13477: 13475: 13473: 13468: 13466: 13464: 13459: 13457: 13455: 13450: 13448: 13446: 13441: 13439: 13437: 13432: 13430: 13428: 13423: 13421: 13419: 13414: 13412: 13410: 13405: 13403: 13401: 13396: 13395: 13393: 13383: 13382: 13377: 13371: 13369: 13364: 13362: 13360: 13355: 13353: 13351: 13346: 13344: 13342: 13337: 13336: 13334: 13332: 13331: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13317: 13307: 13305: 13300: 13298: 13296: 13291: 13289: 13287: 13282: 13281: 13279: 13277: 13276: 13271: 13265: 13263: 13258: 13257: 13255: 13253: 13252: 13247: 13241: 13239: 13234: 13232: 13230: 13225: 13224: 13222: 13220: 13219: 13214: 13208: 13206: 13201: 13200: 13197: 13191: 13189: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13179: 13178: 13173: 13167: 13165: 13160: 13158: 13156: 13151: 13149: 13147: 13142: 13140: 13138: 13137:L. canadensis 13133: 13132: 13130: 13128: 13127: 13122: 13116: 13114: 13111:Giant otter ( 13109: 13108: 13105: 13102: 13092: 13088: 13074: 13072: 13067: 13065: 13063: 13058: 13057: 13055: 13053: 13052: 13047: 13041: 13039: 13034: 13033: 13030: 13024: 13022: 13017: 13016: 13014: 13012: 13011: 13006: 13003: 12993: 12989: 12979: 12977: 12972: 12970: 12968: 12963: 12962: 12960: 12950: 12949: 12944: 12938: 12936: 12931: 12930: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12909: 12899: 12897: 12892: 12890: 12888: 12883: 12881: 12879: 12874: 12872: 12870: 12869:M. gwatkinsii 12865: 12863: 12861: 12856: 12854: 12852: 12847: 12845: 12843: 12838: 12836: 12834: 12829: 12828: 12826: 12816: 12815: 12810: 12804: 12802: 12797: 12796: 12794: 12792: 12791: 12786: 12780: 12778: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12768: 12767: 12762: 12756: 12754: 12749: 12748: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12736: 12730: 12728: 12723: 12721: 12719: 12714: 12712: 12710: 12709:M. orientalis 12705: 12703: 12701: 12696: 12694: 12692: 12687: 12685: 12683: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12665: 12664: 12659: 12649: 12647: 12642: 12640: 12638: 12633: 12631: 12629: 12624: 12622: 12620: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12610: 12609: 12604: 12598: 12596: 12591: 12589: 12587: 12582: 12580: 12578: 12573: 12572: 12570: 12568: 12567: 12562: 12559: 12549: 12545: 12539: 12537: 12532: 12531: 12529: 12527: 12526: 12521: 12515: 12513: 12512:Taxidea taxus 12508: 12507: 12504: 12501: 12498: 12493: 12489: 12485: 12480: 12476: 12459: 12458: 12457: 12456: 12454: 12452: 12448: 12434: 12432: 12427: 12425: 12423: 12422:N. meridensis 12418: 12417: 12415: 12413: 12412: 12407: 12401: 12399: 12394: 12392: 12390: 12385: 12384: 12382: 12380: 12379: 12374: 12371: 12361: 12357: 12351: 12349: 12344: 12342: 12340: 12335: 12333: 12331: 12326: 12324: 12322: 12317: 12316: 12314: 12304: 12303: 12298: 12292: 12290: 12285: 12283: 12281: 12276: 12274: 12272: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12254: 12253: 12248: 12242: 12240: 12235: 12233: 12231: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12220: 12215: 12209: 12207: 12202: 12201: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12189: 12179: 12177: 12172: 12170: 12168: 12163: 12161: 12159: 12154: 12152: 12150: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12132: 12131: 12126: 12120: 12118: 12113: 12111: 12109: 12108:M. javanensis 12104: 12103: 12101: 12091: 12090: 12085: 12079: 12077: 12072: 12070: 12068: 12063: 12062: 12060: 12058: 12057: 12052: 12046: 12044: 12039: 12037: 12035: 12034:C. leuconotus 12030: 12028: 12026: 12025:C. humboldtii 12021: 12019: 12017: 12012: 12011: 12009: 11999: 11998: 11993: 11990: 11984: 11976: 11972: 11966: 11964: 11959: 11958: 11956: 11954: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11937: 11933: 11907: 11905: 11900: 11898: 11896: 11891: 11889: 11887: 11882: 11880: 11878: 11873: 11872: 11869: 11866: 11856: 11852: 11846: 11844: 11839: 11837: 11835: 11830: 11829: 11827: 11817: 11816: 11811: 11801: 11799: 11794: 11793: 11791: 11789: 11788: 11783: 11777: 11775: 11770: 11769: 11766: 11763: 11753: 11749: 11746: 11736: 11732: 11718: 11716: 11713:Baikal seal ( 11711: 11709: 11707: 11704:Ringed seal ( 11702: 11700: 11698: 11693: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11687: 11682: 11676: 11674: 11671:Harbor seal ( 11669: 11667: 11665: 11660: 11659: 11657: 11655: 11654: 11649: 11643: 11641: 11636: 11634: 11632: 11629:Ribbon seal ( 11627: 11625: 11623: 11618: 11617: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11605: 11599: 11597: 11594:Hooded seal ( 11592: 11590: 11588: 11583: 11582: 11579: 11576: 11566: 11562: 11559: 11547: 11543: 11533: 11531: 11530:A. tropicalis 11526: 11524: 11522: 11517: 11515: 11513: 11508: 11506: 11504: 11499: 11497: 11495: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11481: 11479: 11477: 11472: 11470: 11468: 11463: 11462: 11460: 11458: 11457: 11456:Arctocephalus 11452: 11446: 11444: 11439: 11438: 11435: 11429: 11427: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11416: 11411: 11405: 11403: 11398: 11397: 11394: 11384: 11382: 11381:Z. wollebaeki 11377: 11375: 11373: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11363: 11362: 11357: 11351: 11349: 11344: 11343: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11331: 11325: 11323: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11313: 11312: 11307: 11304: 11298: 11293: 11289:(eared seals: 11284: 11279: 11273: 11271: 11266: 11265: 11263: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11241: 11237: 11212: 11211: 11210: 11209: 11207: 11205: 11201: 11192: 11191: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11178: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11165: 11151: 11149: 11144: 11142: 11140: 11135: 11133: 11131: 11130:U. thibetanus 11126: 11124: 11122: 11121:U. americanus 11117: 11116: 11114: 11112: 11111: 11106: 11100: 11098: 11093: 11091: 11089: 11084: 11083: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11071: 11065: 11063: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11053: 11052: 11047: 11041: 11039: 11036:Giant panda ( 11034: 11033: 11031: 11029: 11028: 11023: 11020: 11012: 11008: 11005: 11002: 10997: 10979: 10977: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10954: 10952: 10950: 10945: 10943: 10941: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10927: 10925: 10923: 10922:C. familiaris 10918: 10916: 10914: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10903: 10898: 10892: 10890: 10885: 10883: 10881: 10880:Lycaon pictus 10876: 10875: 10872: 10866: 10864: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10850: 10849: 10847: 10845: 10844: 10839: 10836: 10828: 10824: 10814: 10812: 10807: 10805: 10803: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10789: 10787: 10785: 10780: 10778: 10776: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10757: 10756: 10751: 10745: 10743: 10738: 10736: 10734: 10729: 10728: 10725: 10719: 10717: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10707: 10706: 10701: 10695: 10693: 10688: 10687: 10684: 10681: 10673: 10669: 10666: 10658: 10654: 10644: 10642: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10619: 10617: 10615: 10610: 10608: 10606: 10601: 10599: 10597: 10592: 10590: 10588: 10583: 10581: 10579: 10576:Tibetan fox ( 10574: 10572: 10570: 10565: 10563: 10561: 10556: 10554: 10552: 10547: 10545: 10543: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10530: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10511: 10509: 10508:N. viverrinus 10504: 10502: 10500: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10490: 10489: 10484: 10478: 10476: 10471: 10470: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10458: 10452: 10450: 10449:U. littoralis 10445: 10443: 10441: 10436: 10435: 10433: 10431: 10430: 10425: 10422: 10414: 10409: 10405: 10401: 10393: 10389: 10363: 10361: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10347: 10345: 10343: 10338: 10336: 10334: 10329: 10327: 10325: 10324:H. flavescens 10320: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10303: 10301: 10296: 10294: 10292: 10287: 10285: 10283: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10273: 10272: 10267: 10261: 10259: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10227: 10226: 10223: 10217: 10215: 10214:U. vitticolla 10210: 10208: 10206: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10183: 10181: 10179: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10138: 10137: 10135: 10133: 10132: 10127: 10121: 10119: 10118:Xenogale naso 10114: 10112: 10110: 10105: 10104: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10092: 10082: 10080: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10048: 10047: 10045: 10043: 10042: 10037: 10031: 10029: 10024: 10022: 10020: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10010: 10009: 10004: 9998: 9996: 9991: 9990: 9987: 9981: 9979: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9959: 9954: 9948: 9946: 9941: 9940: 9937: 9931: 9929: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9918: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9904: 9901: 9892: 9891:sensu stricto 9887: 9883: 9869: 9867: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9847: 9842: 9836: 9834: 9829: 9828: 9825: 9819: 9817: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9798: 9797: 9792: 9786: 9784: 9779: 9778: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9766: 9756: 9754: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9729: 9723: 9721: 9720:Fossa fossana 9716: 9714: 9712: 9707: 9706: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9694: 9691: 9681: 9677: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9661: 9643: 9641: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9630: 9625: 9619: 9617: 9614:Brown hyena ( 9612: 9610: 9608: 9607:Hyaena hyaena 9603: 9602: 9599: 9596: 9588: 9584: 9578: 9576: 9571: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9565: 9560: 9557: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9533: 9528: 9524: 9503: 9502: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9492: 9488: 9466: 9464: 9459: 9457: 9455: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9434:Hausa genet ( 9432: 9430: 9428: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9405: 9403: 9401: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9378: 9376: 9374: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9360: 9358: 9356: 9351: 9349: 9347: 9342: 9340: 9338: 9337:G. angolensis 9333: 9331: 9329: 9328:G. abyssinica 9324: 9323: 9321: 9313: 9312: 9307: 9301: 9299: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9259: 9249: 9247: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9237:V. tangalunga 9233: 9231: 9229: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9182: 9181: 9178: 9175: 9172: 9171:sensu stricto 9167: 9163: 9160: 9156: 9151: 9145: 9141: 9131: 9129: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9115: 9113: 9111: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9095: 9089: 9087: 9082: 9080: 9078: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9055: 9054: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9045:Paradoxurinae 9042: 9036: 9034: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9013:Otter civet ( 9011: 9009: 9007: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8997: 8993: 8990: 8987: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8969: 8965: 8944: 8943: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8933: 8907: 8905: 8904:F. silvestris 8900: 8898: 8896: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8882: 8880: 8878: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8841: 8840: 8835: 8825: 8823: 8822:P. viverrinus 8820:Fishing cat ( 8818: 8816: 8814: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8795:P. javanensis 8791: 8789: 8787: 8784:Leopard cat ( 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8765: 8763: 8758: 8757: 8754: 8751: 8745: 8735: 8733: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8722: 8717: 8711: 8709: 8704: 8703: 8700: 8694: 8692: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8681: 8676: 8673: 8667: 8661: 8659: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8645: 8643: 8641: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8631:L. canadensis 8629:Canada lynx ( 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8621: 8616: 8610: 8608: 8603: 8601: 8599: 8594: 8592: 8590: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8558: 8556: 8554: 8549: 8547: 8545: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8534: 8529: 8519: 8517: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8486: 8484: 8479: 8478: 8475: 8472: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8453:C. temminckii 8449: 8447: 8445: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8423: 8421: 8418:Marbled cat ( 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8410: 8405: 8402: 8396: 8393: 8389: 8388:sensu stricto 8385: 8380: 8366: 8364: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8341: 8339: 8337: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8312: 8306: 8304: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8284: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8255: 8250: 8246: 8240: 8238: 8237:P. pardicolor 8233: 8231: 8229: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8214: 8213: 8208: 8205: 8202: 8197: 8193: 8187: 8185: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8173: 8170: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8127: 8123: 8121: 8117: 8115: 8111: 8110: 8107: 8102: 8094: 8089: 8087: 8082: 8080: 8075: 8074: 8071: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8014: 8010: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7971:"Puma sounds" 7968: 7965: 7964:Cougar Tracks 7962: 7958: 7954: 7952: 7951:Puma concolor 7946: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7922: 7877: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7859: 7856: 7852: 7851: 7839: 7833: 7829: 7822: 7803: 7799: 7796: 7789: 7783: 7776: 7773: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7759: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7728: 7721: 7717: 7715: 7707: 7699: 7691: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7664: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7637: 7629: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7578: 7562: 7558: 7552: 7536: 7532: 7526: 7515:September 11, 7507: 7500: 7494: 7483:September 11, 7475: 7468: 7462: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7409: 7393: 7389: 7388: 7387:Radio Bío-Bío 7383: 7376: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7336: 7335:Puma concolor 7327: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7296: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7253: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7199: 7198:Puma concolor 7190: 7174: 7173: 7165: 7156: 7155: 7146: 7130: 7129: 7121: 7114: 7102: 7101: 7093: 7086: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7061: 7053: 7034: 7027: 7025: 7024:Puma concolor 7016: 7010: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6998: 6992: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6970: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6940: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6909: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6885: 6869: 6865: 6858: 6850: 6844: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6813: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6782: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6699: 6697: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6662: 6660: 6651: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6618: 6610: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6593:(3): 169–73. 6592: 6588: 6584: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6542: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6513:Mammal Review 6507: 6499: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6454:) population" 6453: 6452:Puma concolor 6444: 6428: 6425:. 2007–2013. 6424: 6420: 6414: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6307:(1): 94–108. 6306: 6302: 6295: 6287: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6246: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6203: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6172: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6137: 6129: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6110: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6079: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6052: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5976: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5927: 5920: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5889: 5882: 5875: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5838: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5751: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5695: 5686: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5667: 5666:Puma concolor 5658: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5633:Puma concolor 5631:) and Pumas ( 5630: 5629:Panthera onca 5623: 5615: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5572: 5564: 5558: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5523: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5485: 5484:Puma concolor 5476: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5368: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5341: 5325: 5321: 5314: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5266:The Oregonian 5262: 5255: 5239: 5235: 5229: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5125: 5118: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5036:September 24, 5031: 5027: 5023: 5016: 5007: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4983: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4951: 4949: 4940: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4905: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4867: 4866:Puma concolor 4858: 4850: 4848:0-394-50762-2 4844: 4840: 4833: 4825: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4734: 4730: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4680: 4676: 4670: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4613: 4605: 4599: 4595: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4568: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4554:Mammal Review 4551: 4549: 4548:Puma concolor 4540: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4502: 4501:Puma concolor 4493: 4491: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4424:Puma concolor 4416: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4388: 4387:Puma concolor 4379: 4370: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4351: 4350:Puma concolor 4342: 4334: 4327: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4292:Puma concolor 4286: 4278: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4235: 4227: 4225:0-8018-5789-9 4221: 4217: 4210: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3999:Beler, Paul. 3995: 3987: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3885: 3878: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3840:Puma concolor 3834: 3832: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3786: 3782: 3780: 3779:Puma concolor 3772: 3765: 3760: 3753: 3748: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3708: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3674:Puma concolor 3668: 3660: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3622: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3556: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3477: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3417:(3): 186–97. 3416: 3412: 3408: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3335: 3330: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3308: 3304: 3302: 3293: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3258: 3250: 3248:9781771620031 3244: 3240: 3233: 3225: 3218: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3132: 3131:Puma concolor 3123: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3065:Puma concolor 3062: 3061:Panthera onca 3055: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3006:Puma concolor 3000: 2992: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2942: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2837:Wilson, D. E. 2834: 2832: 2831:Puma concolor 2826: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2777:Puma concolor 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2739: 2730: 2726: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2682: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2469:southern cone 2460: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2443:and into the 2442: 2437: 2435: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2387: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306:French Guiana 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2274:IUCN Red List 2271: 2270:Least Concern 2264: 2259: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2188: 2178: 2174: 2167: 2153: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2050: 2045: 2036: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2021:Canada lynxes 2018: 2014: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842:feral donkeys 1840:, as well as 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1802:bighorn sheep 1799: 1798:mountain goat 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1767: 1758: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1680: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1587: 1573: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548:Puma concolor 1545: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1395: 1394: 1386: 1385: 1377: 1376: 1368: 1367: 1359: 1358: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1320: 1319: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1294: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1274: 1273: 1265: 1264: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1178: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1155: 1154: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1104: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1080: 1079: 1078:P. c. couguar 1075: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1058: 1056: 1048: 1044: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1003: 999: 994: 991: 987: 982: 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 911: 906: 905:P. c. couguar 903: 899: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 872: 867: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 831: 828:includes the 824: 821: 820: 819: 817: 816: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 776: 772: 768: 764: 755: 753: 749: 745: 741: 740: 735: 731: 730:Carl Linnaeus 727: 723: 714: 712: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 643:Tupi language 640: 637: 633: 623: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 604:IUCN Red List 601: 600:Least Concern 596: 594: 590: 589:apex predator 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 553:cathemerality 550: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 522:United States 519: 515: 512:provinces of 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 490:South America 487: 483: 479: 476:, is a large 475: 471: 467: 466:mountain lion 463: 459: 458: 451: 427: 426: 425:Puma concolor 421: 410: 406: 401: 398: 397: 390: 389: 388:P. c. couguar 385: 383: 382: 378: 377: 375: 370: 365: 359: 357: 356:Puma concolor 351: 348: 347:Binomial name 344: 340: 339: 334: 331: 330: 327: 326: 322: 319: 318: 315: 312: 309: 308: 305: 302: 299: 298: 295: 292: 289: 288: 285: 282: 279: 278: 275: 272: 269: 268: 265: 262: 259: 258: 255: 252: 249: 248: 245: 242: 239: 238: 233: 228: 224: 218: 212: 207: 201: 196: 195:Least Concern 185: 181: 176: 172: 168: 163: 159: 154: 149: 145: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 69: 58: 55: 51: 44: 37: 33: 19: 18:Mountain lion 14507:Puma (genus) 14317: 14020: 13991:Wolf hunting 13966:Deer hunting 13951:Bear hunting 13900:Fox squirrel 13873:Other quarry 13808: 13751:Ross's goose 13731:Lesser scaup 13711:Canada goose 13543: 13534: 13525: 13516: 13507: 13498: 13489: 13480: 13471: 13462: 13453: 13444: 13435: 13426: 13417: 13408: 13399: 13379: 13367: 13358: 13349: 13340: 13328: 13303: 13294: 13285: 13273: 13261: 13249: 13238:L. sumatrana 13237: 13228: 13216: 13204: 13187: 13175: 13163: 13154: 13145: 13136: 13124: 13112: 13070: 13061: 13049: 13037: 13021:V. peregusna 13020: 13008: 12975: 12966: 12946: 12934: 12921:Lyncodontini 12912:Ictonychinae 12896:M. zibellina 12895: 12886: 12877: 12868: 12859: 12851:M. flavigula 12850: 12841: 12833:M. americana 12832: 12812: 12800: 12788: 12776: 12764: 12753:Eira barbara 12752: 12726: 12718:M. personata 12717: 12708: 12699: 12690: 12681: 12661: 12645: 12636: 12628:M. canescens 12627: 12618: 12606: 12594: 12585: 12576: 12564: 12535: 12523: 12511: 12430: 12421: 12409: 12397: 12388: 12376: 12347: 12338: 12329: 12320: 12300: 12288: 12279: 12270: 12250: 12238: 12237:Cacomistle ( 12229: 12217: 12206:Potos flavus 12205: 12175: 12166: 12157: 12148: 12128: 12116: 12107: 12087: 12075: 12066: 12054: 12042: 12033: 12024: 12015: 11995: 11962: 11903: 11894: 11885: 11876: 11842: 11833: 11813: 11797: 11785: 11773: 11758:(monk seals) 11714: 11705: 11696: 11684: 11672: 11663: 11651: 11639: 11630: 11621: 11595: 11586: 11529: 11521:A. townsendi 11520: 11511: 11503:A. philippii 11502: 11493: 11484: 11475: 11467:A. australis 11466: 11454: 11442: 11425: 11413: 11401: 11380: 11371: 11359: 11347: 11321: 11309: 11269: 11148:U. maritimus 11147: 11146:Polar bear ( 11138: 11137:Brown bear ( 11129: 11120: 11108: 11096: 11087: 11086:Sloth bear ( 11061: 11049: 11037: 11025: 10975: 10966: 10957: 10948: 10939: 10930: 10921: 10912: 10900: 10889:Cuon alpinus 10888: 10879: 10863:L. mesomelas 10862: 10853: 10841: 10810: 10801: 10792: 10791:Pampas fox ( 10783: 10774: 10765: 10753: 10741: 10732: 10716:S. venaticus 10715: 10703: 10691: 10690:Maned wolf ( 10672:Cerdocyonina 10640: 10639:Fennec fox ( 10631: 10622: 10614:V. rueppelli 10613: 10604: 10595: 10586: 10585:Arctic fox ( 10578:V. ferrilata 10577: 10568: 10567:Corsac fox ( 10559: 10550: 10541: 10540:Bengal fox ( 10519: 10507: 10498: 10486: 10474: 10448: 10447:Island fox ( 10439: 10427: 10360:H. sanguinea 10359: 10350: 10341: 10333:H. ichneumon 10332: 10323: 10311: 10299: 10290: 10281: 10269: 10257: 10248: 10239: 10230: 10213: 10204: 10195: 10186: 10177: 10168: 10160:U. edwardsii 10159: 10151:U. brachyura 10150: 10141: 10129: 10117: 10108: 10078: 10069: 10060: 10052:C. alexandri 10051: 10039: 10027: 10018: 10006: 9994: 9977: 9969:M. gambianus 9968: 9956: 9944: 9928:S. suricatta 9927: 9915: 9890: 9865: 9856: 9844: 9832: 9815: 9806: 9794: 9782: 9752: 9743: 9731: 9719: 9710: 9687:carnivorans) 9668: 9639: 9627: 9615: 9606: 9574: 9562: 9532:Herpestoidea 9495:Herpestoidea 9462: 9454:G. victoriae 9453: 9444: 9443:Cape genet ( 9435: 9427:G. servalina 9426: 9417: 9416:King genet ( 9409:G. piscivora 9408: 9399: 9390: 9381: 9373:G. johnstoni 9372: 9363: 9354: 9345: 9336: 9327: 9309: 9298:P. leightoni 9297: 9288: 9270: 9245: 9236: 9228:V. megaspila 9227: 9219:V. civettina 9218: 9206: 9194: 9185: 9170: 9154: 9127: 9118: 9109: 9097: 9085: 9076: 9067: 9058: 9032: 9023: 9014: 9005: 8903: 8894: 8886:F. margarita 8885: 8876: 8867: 8866:Jungle cat ( 8858: 8849: 8837: 8821: 8812: 8804:P. planiceps 8803: 8794: 8785: 8775:Prionailurus 8773: 8761: 8731: 8729: 8719: 8707: 8706:Jaguarundi ( 8690: 8678: 8657: 8648: 8639: 8630: 8618: 8606: 8597: 8588: 8579: 8570: 8561: 8553:L. geoffroyi 8552: 8543: 8542:Pampas cat ( 8531: 8515: 8506: 8494: 8482: 8452: 8443: 8431: 8420:P. marmorata 8419: 8407: 8387: 8362: 8353: 8344: 8335: 8326: 8314: 8302: 8293: 8281: 8236: 8227: 8210: 8183: 8136:Superorder: 8130:Infraclass: 8033:December 11, 8031:. Retrieved 8027:the original 8022: 7979:the original 7974: 7956: 7950: 7875: 7868: 7867:Paula Wild: 7861: 7854: 7827: 7821: 7809:. Retrieved 7782: 7774: 7763: 7758: 7746:. Retrieved 7737: 7727: 7711: 7706: 7697: 7690: 7673: 7669: 7663: 7646: 7642: 7636: 7591: 7587: 7577: 7565:. Retrieved 7561:the original 7551: 7539:. Retrieved 7535:the original 7525: 7513:. Retrieved 7493: 7481:. Retrieved 7461: 7418: 7414: 7408: 7396:. Retrieved 7385: 7375: 7365:February 26, 7363:. Retrieved 7344: 7340: 7334: 7326: 7316:November 30, 7314:. Retrieved 7305: 7295: 7285:February 16, 7283:. Retrieved 7266: 7262: 7252: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7189: 7179:February 15, 7177:. Retrieved 7171: 7164: 7153: 7145: 7135:February 15, 7133:. Retrieved 7127: 7120: 7112: 7107:February 15, 7105:. Retrieved 7099: 7092: 7084: 7077:. Retrieved 7059: 7052: 7042:February 23, 7040:. Retrieved 7023: 7015: 7006: 6991: 6978: 6969: 6959:February 11, 6957:. Retrieved 6948: 6939: 6927:. Retrieved 6918: 6908: 6884: 6872:. Retrieved 6857: 6831:. Retrieved 6822: 6812: 6800:. Retrieved 6791: 6781: 6769:. Retrieved 6765:the original 6755: 6743:. Retrieved 6739:the original 6729: 6717:. Retrieved 6713:the original 6708: 6683:. Retrieved 6679:the original 6670: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6590: 6586: 6561:November 21, 6559:. Retrieved 6551:ABC30 Fresno 6550: 6541: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6443: 6431:. Retrieved 6422: 6413: 6401:. Retrieved 6397:the original 6388: 6379: 6367:. Retrieved 6363:the original 6354: 6345: 6304: 6300: 6294: 6259: 6255: 6245: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6190:. Retrieved 6186:the original 6171: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6116: 6109: 6097:. Retrieved 6093:the original 6078: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6039:. Retrieved 6018: 5985: 5981: 5975: 5963:. Retrieved 5959:the original 5945: 5933:. Retrieved 5895:. Retrieved 5874: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5808: 5804: 5794: 5761: 5757: 5750: 5733: 5729: 5722: 5705: 5701: 5694: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5657: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5585: 5581: 5571: 5557:cite journal 5545:. Retrieved 5536: 5532: 5522: 5510:. Retrieved 5493: 5489: 5483: 5475: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5328:. Retrieved 5324:the original 5313: 5301:. Retrieved 5287: 5275:. Retrieved 5271:the original 5264: 5254: 5242:. Retrieved 5238:the original 5228: 5216:. Retrieved 5202: 5190:. Retrieved 5186:the original 5176: 5164:. Retrieved 5150: 5138:. Retrieved 5134:the original 5127: 5117: 5099: 5087:. Retrieved 5072: 5060:. Retrieved 5046: 5034:. Retrieved 5030:the original 5025: 5015: 4996: 4992: 4982: 4970:. Retrieved 4956: 4948:Ursus arctos 4947: 4939: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4857: 4838: 4832: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4764: 4760: 4754: 4716:. Retrieved 4683:. Retrieved 4669: 4657:. Retrieved 4643: 4631:. Retrieved 4622: 4612: 4593: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4539: 4530:11336/104140 4510: 4506: 4500: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4378: 4362:(1): 78–90. 4359: 4355: 4349: 4348:"Ecology of 4341: 4335:(68): 31–32. 4332: 4326: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4248: 4244: 4234: 4215: 4209: 4197:. Retrieved 4193:the original 4188: 4178: 4166:. Retrieved 4162:the original 4157: 4148: 4136:. Retrieved 4119: 4115: 4105: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4044:. Retrieved 4040:the original 4035: 4025: 4013:. Retrieved 4004: 3994: 3974: 3967: 3926: 3920: 3891:. Retrieved 3839: 3818:. Retrieved 3789:. Retrieved 3778: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3735:. Retrieved 3731:the original 3718: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3650:11336/177873 3630: 3627:Parasitology 3626: 3620: 3612: 3569: 3565: 3555: 3543:. Retrieved 3524: 3514: 3504:September 3, 3502:. Retrieved 3490: 3476: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3414: 3410: 3379:. Retrieved 3338: 3332: 3306: 3300: 3292: 3280:. Retrieved 3271: 3265: 3257: 3238: 3232: 3223: 3217: 3205:. Retrieved 3194: 3185: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3122: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3063:) and puma ( 3060: 3054: 3013: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2990: 2984: 2976:the original 2971: 2962: 2951: 2941: 2929:. Retrieved 2920: 2911: 2887:. Retrieved 2869: 2841: 2830: 2802:. Retrieved 2788: 2782: 2776: 2738: 2729: 2616: 2593: 2590:In mythology 2584: 2563: 2551: 2530: 2482: 2466: 2457: 2438: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2397: 2361: 2349:habitat loss 2346: 2335: 2304:, Colombia, 2267: 2253:Conservation 2236: 2221: 2214: 2198: 2147: 2128: 2116: 2076: 2058: 2054: 2033: 2005: 1973: 1937: 1920: 1913:wild turkeys 1870: 1854: 1834:feral horses 1772: 1755: 1738:Llanos Basin 1684: 1676: 1648: 1634: 1632: 1624:Amazon River 1620: 1605: 1597: 1547: 1537: 1523: 1512: 1500: 1492: 1490: 1467: 1463:Prionailurus 1461: 1455: 1449: 1443: 1418: 1406: 1343:Prionailurus 1341: 1340: 1324: 1323: 1299: 1298: 1244: 1240: 1232: 1215: 1214: 1207: 1183: 1181: 1174: 1163: 1126: 1125: 1119: 1076: 1068: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1046: 1042: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 992: 980: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 952:missoulensis 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 904: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 865: 860: 856: 853:soderstromii 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 822: 813: 779: 737: 728:proposed by 721: 720: 708: 697: 693: 683: 678: 674: 662: 654: 646: 638: 631: 629: 597: 561:nocturnality 546: 473: 469: 465: 461: 455: 424: 423: 419: 417: 393: 386: 379: 355: 353: 337: 336: 324: 54: 14223:NatureServe 14145:iNaturalist 14045:Wikispecies 13971:Fox hunting 13535:M. sibirica 13517:M. putorius 13490:M. nigripes 13472:M. lutreola 13445:M. haidarum 13341:N. africana 13304:A. congicus 13295:A. cinereus 13286:A. capensis 13186:Sea otter ( 13164:L. provocax 13071:I. striatus 12992:Ictonychini 12887:M. melampus 12799:Wolverine ( 12777:P. pennanti 12700:M. moschata 12691:M. everetti 12637:M. leucurus 12595:A. hoevenii 12586:A. collaris 12536:M. capensis 12431:N. olivacea 12346:Olinguito ( 12302:Bassaricyon 12289:P. pygmaeus 12219:Bassariscus 12192:Procyonidae 12167:S. putorius 12158:S. gracilis 12076:M. mephitis 12067:M. macroura 11961:Red panda ( 11941:Musteloidea 11902:Ross seal ( 11855:Lobodontini 11787:Neomonachus 11715:P. sibirica 11673:P. vitulina 11638:Grey seal ( 11620:Harp seal ( 11512:A. pusillus 11476:A. forsteri 11311:Callorhinus 11245:Pinnipedia 11204:Musteloidea 10976:C. simensis 10940:C. lupaster 10809:Hoary fox ( 10802:L. sechurae 10775:L. fulvipes 10766:L. culpaeus 10662:(true dogs) 10621:Swift fox ( 10596:V. macrotis 10488:Nyctereutes 10397:Caniformia 10342:H. ochracea 10300:B. nigripes 10291:B. jacksoni 10178:U. javanica 10095:Herpestinae 10070:C. obscurus 10061:C. ansorgei 10041:Crossarchus 9897:(mongooses) 9886:Herpestidae 9866:S. durrelli 9857:S. concolor 9807:G. fasciata 9744:E. goudotii 9665:Herpestidae 9575:P. cristata 9436:G. thierryi 9391:G. maculata 9355:G. cristata 9346:G. bourloni 9099:Paradoxurus 9057:Binturong ( 8996:Hemigalinae 8973:Viverroidea 8936:Viverroidea 8895:F. nigripes 8747:Leopard cat 8732:P. concolor 8649:L. pardinus 8598:L. tigrinus 8589:L. pardalis 8580:L. jacobita 8571:L. guttulus 8544:L. colocola 8303:N. nebulosa 8273:Pantherinae 8153:Feliformia 7436:11336/10589 7398:December 4, 6433:January 18, 5865:11336/44202 5828:11336/59545 4999:: 247–254. 4895:11336/81623 4440:(1): 8–10. 3299:"Genus II. 2804:January 16, 2485:Lake Viedma 2445:spinal cord 2398:Due to the 2069:crepuscular 2013:Yellowstone 1984:black bears 1838:Great Basin 1732:close to a 1711:El Salvador 1705:forests in 1664:camera trap 1507:during the 1234:Herpailurus 1055:P. c. coryi 960:oregonensis 944:kaibabensis 936:hippolestes 928:californica 845:soasoaranna 690:common name 675:cuguacu ara 663:Cuguacu ara 659:Willem Piso 655:cuguacu ara 585:home ranges 581:territorial 372:Subspecies 310:Subfamily: 213:Appendix II 144:Pleistocene 66:1.2–0 14416:Categories 14333:Q109647288 13859:Polar bear 13854:Dall sheep 13794:Brown bear 13784:Black bear 13756:Snow goose 13716:Canvasback 13706:Black duck 13609:Game birds 13508:M. nudipes 13499:M. nivalis 13463:M. kathiah 13418:M. erminea 13409:M. altaica 13359:N. frenata 13350:N. felipei 13320:Mustelinae 13062:I. libycus 12976:G. vittata 12842:M. caurina 12619:M. anakuma 12497:Mustelidae 12484:Mustelidae 12460:see below↓ 12451:Mustelidae 12348:B. neblina 12259:(raccoons) 12230:B. astutus 12228:Ringtail ( 12204:Kinkajou ( 12176:S. pygmaea 12117:M. marchei 11975:Mephitidae 11843:M. leonina 11735:Monachinae 11706:P. hispida 11697:P. caspica 11494:A. gazella 11426:N. cinerea 11322:C. ursinus 11260:Odobenidae 11213:see below↓ 11193:see below↓ 11177:Pinnipedia 11095:Sun bear ( 11062:T. ornatus 11051:Tremarctos 11027:Ailuropoda 10965:Red wolf ( 10931:C. latrans 10854:L. adustus 10811:L. vetulus 10784:L. griseus 10714:Bush dog ( 10605:V. pallida 10603:Pale fox ( 10587:V. lagopus 10558:Cape fox ( 10438:Gray fox ( 10196:U. smithii 10028:H. parvula 10019:H. hirtula 9907:Mungotinae 9796:Galidictis 9769:Galidiinae 9697:Euplerinae 9680:Eupleridae 9669:sensu lato 9640:C. crocuta 9573:Aardwolf ( 9504:see below↓ 9445:G. tigrina 9418:G. poensis 9400:G. pardina 9382:G. letabae 9364:G. genetta 9262:Genettinae 9246:V. zibetha 9166:Viverrinae 9155:sensu lato 9150:Viverrinae 9119:P. jerdoni 8986:Viverridae 8945:see below↓ 8884:Sand cat ( 8691:A. jubatus 8516:C. caracal 8409:Pardofelis 8228:P. linsang 8169:Feliformia 7936:Audio help 7927:2008-11-06 7718:New York: 5758:Biotropica 5330:August 30, 5218:October 7, 5089:August 21, 4393:Check List 4168:August 18, 4015:October 2, 4005:Britannica 3454:(1): 1–7. 3282:August 29, 2889:August 12, 2750:References 2643:Algonquins 2434:plays dead 2419:habituates 2384:See also: 2282:Costa Rica 2232:New Mexico 2150:caterwauls 2137:them with 2118:Home range 2081:cathemeral 2025:wolverines 1970:for refuge 1966:, using a 1881:porcupines 1830:New Mexico 1822:armadillos 1810:lagomorphs 1775:generalist 1730:plantation 1505:extirpated 1326:Otocolobus 1242:Jaguarundi 1184:A. jubatus 968:stanleyana 916:arundivaga 898:Trouessart 885:patagonica 866:P. c. puma 857:suçuaçuara 849:sussuarana 810:inbreeding 786:subspecies 758:Subspecies 752:jaguarundi 673:converted 636:Portuguese 549:diurnality 294:Feliformia 290:Suborder: 13844:Pronghorn 13839:Mule deer 13789:Razorback 13761:Wood duck 13698:Waterfowl 13646:Ptarmigan 13454:M. itatsi 13388:(weasels) 13251:Lutrogale 13188:E. lutris 13146:L. felina 12955:(grisons) 12878:M. martes 12821:(martens) 12739:Guloninae 12525:Mellivora 12398:N. narica 12339:B. medius 12330:B. gabbii 12321:B. alleni 12309:(olingos) 12278:Raccoon ( 12130:Spilogale 12016:C. chinga 11997:Conepatus 11953:Ailuridae 11752:Monachini 11664:P. largha 11334:Otariinae 11297:sea lions 11292:fur seals 11283:Otariidae 11168:Mustelida 11139:U. arctos 11001:Arctoidea 10958:C. lycaon 10913:C. aureus 10843:Lupulella 10755:Lycalopex 10632:V. vulpes 10630:Red fox ( 10594:Kit fox ( 10569:V. corsac 10313:Herpestes 9926:Meerkat ( 9685:(Malagasy 9587:Hyaeninae 9548:Hyaenidae 9463:G. felina 8877:F. lybica 8689:Cheetah ( 8607:L. wiedii 8596:Oncilla ( 8562:L. guigna 8533:Leopardus 8514:Caracal ( 8507:C. aurata 8442:Bay cat ( 8363:P. pardus 8361:Leopard ( 8336:P. tigris 8294:N. diardi 8212:Prionodon 8112:Kingdom: 8101:Carnivora 8052:501(c)(3) 7811:April 11, 7567:August 3, 7453:205771079 7275:1666-7948 7065:Edinburgh 6929:March 10, 6843:cite news 6833:March 28, 6802:March 25, 6533:226336427 6058:Behaviour 5547:April 20, 5512:April 24, 5496:: 13–20. 5441:: e2886. 5062:April 12, 4798:: e2886. 4633:March 12, 4304:CiteSeerX 4251:: e1118. 4199:August 1, 3922:Oecologia 3820:March 30, 3791:March 30, 3207:April 16, 3038:0165-0521 2829:"Species 2623:Wisconsin 2612:Viracocha 2441:vertebrae 2402:, cougar 2302:Venezuela 2294:Guatemala 2290:Nicaragua 2216:Gestation 2094:Tambopata 2061:nocturnal 1988:gray wolf 1944:scavenger 1925:Patagonia 1901:peccaries 1897:guanacoes 1782:mule deer 1703:deciduous 1701:and semi- 1699:secondary 1693:. In the 1640:leucistic 1556:Ensenadan 1552:Calabrian 1530:excavated 1526:coprolite 1497:Old World 1445:Leopardus 1086:Evolution 1041:includes 1012:borbensis 1008:acrocodia 1006:includes 964:schorgeri 940:improcera 932:floridana 914:includes 877:araucanus 775:Patagonia 653:named it 647:suçuarana 639:çuçuarana 630:The word 569:Ungulates 534:Patagonia 470:catamount 394:Also see 332:Species: 284:Carnivora 250:Kingdom: 244:Eukaryota 14437:Big cats 14327:Wikidata 14288:Species+ 14228:2.101637 14215:14000204 14163:10212875 14072:BioLib: 14030:Wikidata 13944:See also 13905:Gray fox 13771:Big game 13676:Woodcock 13434:Ferret ( 13368:N. vison 13229:L. lutra 13097:(otters) 13091:Lutrinae 12948:Galictis 12860:M. foina 12775:Fisher ( 12663:Melogale 12646:M. meles 12566:Arctonyx 12411:Nasuella 12389:N. nasua 12366:(coatis) 12280:P. lotor 12056:Mephitis 11815:Mirounga 11565:Phocinae 11546:Phocidae 11415:Neophoca 11361:Zalophus 11268:Walrus ( 10967:C. rufus 10949:C. lupus 10929:Coyote ( 10764:Culpeo ( 10705:Speothos 10641:V. zerda 10623:V. velox 10560:V. chama 10271:Bdeogale 10169:U. fusca 10008:Helogale 9978:M. mungo 9917:Suricata 9846:Salanoia 9753:E. major 9733:Eupleres 9564:Proteles 9553:(hyenas) 9317:(genets) 8868:F. chaus 8859:F. catus 8850:F. bieti 8730:Cougar ( 8680:Acinonyx 8658:L. rufus 8656:Bobcat ( 8605:Margay ( 8587:Ocelot ( 8560:Kodkod ( 8481:Serval ( 8444:C. badia 8433:Catopuma 8343:Jaguar ( 8327:P. uncia 8316:Panthera 8283:Neofelis 8201:Feloidea 8132:Eutheria 8126:Mammalia 8120:Chordata 8118:Phylum: 8114:Animalia 8055:cougars. 8009:Archived 7949:"Cougar 7938: · 7802:Archived 7768:Archived 7764:Cougars, 7742:Archived 7628:24260291 7588:PLOS ONE 7541:July 10, 7506:Archived 7474:Archived 7445:22971181 7392:Archived 7359:Archived 7310:Archived 7279:Archived 7244:29211753 7204:PLOS ONE 7073:Archived 7069:Scotland 7033:Archived 7000:Archived 6983:Archived 6953:Archived 6949:NBC News 6923:Archived 6868:Archived 6827:Archived 6796:Archived 6792:CTV News 6650:86209378 6609:14518628 6555:Archived 6498:25295530 6458:PLOS ONE 6427:Archived 6337:55580710 6286:12915571 6237:26735359 6163:85819163 6041:July 27, 6032:Archived 6010:26735359 5965:April 2, 5926:Archived 5888:Archived 5786:23525363 5702:Mammalia 5614:33343263 5541:Archived 5506:Archived 5467:28133569 5416:29026880 5303:April 8, 5297:Archived 5277:April 9, 5244:April 9, 5212:Archived 5160:Archived 5140:April 9, 5109:Archived 5083:Archived 5056:Archived 4972:April 8, 4963:Archived 4931:85632179 4824:28133569 4746:Archived 4733:Archived 4718:April 8, 4712:Archived 4679:Archived 4653:Archived 4627:Archived 4333:Cat News 4277:26290786 4132:Archived 4097:25834674 4009:Archived 3959:10134066 3951:28312554 3893:July 27, 3884:Archived 3844:Archived 3814:Archived 3785:Archived 3715:"Cougar" 3698:16249074 3659:31196226 3604:17665121 3596:16085477 3545:April 4, 3539:Archived 3495:Archived 3491:Cat News 3468:85920592 3433:10833043 3381:July 12, 3375:Archived 3371:41672825 3363:16400146 3276:Archived 3201:Archived 3177:24367495 3137:PLOS ONE 3046:84264487 2968:"cougar" 2948:"jaguar" 2931:July 31, 2925:Archived 2901:Archived 2898:"Cougar" 2883:Archived 2881:. 2001. 2861:62265494 2827:(2005). 2668:Pumapard 2657:See also 2651:Cherokee 2631:Cheyenne 2629:and the 2627:Illinois 2602:city of 2357:poaching 2318:Paraguay 2310:Suriname 2286:Honduras 2224:disperse 2107:Caatinga 2099:Pantanal 2000:Colorado 1889:raccoons 1873:capybara 1746:bushland 1727:palm oil 1723:Colombia 1679:latitude 1635:concolor 1514:Smilodon 1182:Cheetah 1176:Acinonyx 1043:hudsonii 1020:concolor 948:mayensis 889:pearsoni 881:concolor 830:synonyms 724:was the 710:Panthera 686:Guinness 667:John Ray 579:. It is 364:Linnaeus 300:Family: 274:Mammalia 264:Chordata 260:Phylum: 254:Animalia 240:Domain: 200:IUCN 3.1 148:Holocene 14394:ZooBank 14373:2435104 14202:1006017 14137:2435099 13986:Fishing 13981:Whaling 13930:Red fox 13925:Raccoon 13915:Opossum 13804:Caribou 13746:Redhead 13736:Mallard 13721:Gadwall 13436:M. furo 13381:Mustela 13330:Neogale 13177:Enhydra 13051:Ictonyx 13010:Vormela 12967:G. cuja 12894:Sable ( 12801:G. gulo 12766:Pekania 12751:Tayra ( 12548:Melinae 12360:Nasuina 12252:Procyon 11608:Phocini 11247:(seals) 11182:(seals) 11074:Ursinae 11016:(bears) 11011:Ursidae 10887:Dhole ( 10677:(zorro) 10551:V. cana 10461:Vulpini 10429:Urocyon 10413:Canidae 10205:U. urva 9709:Fossa ( 9629:Crocuta 9311:Genetta 9208:Viverra 8749:lineage 8671:lineage 8640:L. lynx 8496:Caracal 8470:lineage 8468:Caracal 8400:lineage 8398:Bay cat 8384:Felinae 8345:P. onca 8334:Tiger ( 8254:Felidae 8124:Class: 8103:species 8099:Extant 7925: ( 7896:minutes 7748:May 22, 7722:, 1997. 7682:3783326 7655:3782149 7619:3834330 7596:Bibcode 7235:5718558 7212:Bibcode 7079:June 6, 6874:May 23, 6771:May 20, 6745:May 20, 6719:May 20, 6685:May 28, 6489:4189954 6466:Bibcode 6403:June 7, 6369:May 20, 6329:2386646 6309:Bibcode 6217:Bibcode 6192:May 10, 6099:May 10, 5990:Bibcode 5766:Bibcode 5605:7733402 5458:5248577 5407:5636203 5386:Bibcode 5192:May 29, 5166:May 22, 4815:5248577 4685:May 10, 4659:May 10, 4546:"Pumas 4268:4540023 4138:May 20, 4088:4380383 4046:June 5, 3931:Bibcode 3737:May 22, 3574:Bibcode 3343:Bibcode 3334:Science 3168:3867332 3145:Bibcode 3018:Bibcode 2714:Mammals 2688:Portals 2672:leopard 2639:Walapai 2497:guanaco 2412:⁄ 2322:Uruguay 2314:Bolivia 2272:on the 2239:hunters 2175:in the 2111:ecotone 2103:Cerrado 2029:coyotes 2017:bobcats 2007:nearby 1980:grizzly 1960:coyotes 1905:vicuñas 1865:Alberta 1846:Sonoran 1844:in the 1836:in the 1826:gemsbok 1814:equator 1806:rodents 1736:in the 1672:Arizona 1612:equator 1608:Felidae 1601:dewclaw 1558:) age. 1440:genomic 1424:Felidae 1411:Felidae 1237: 1004:, 1931) 1002:Goldman 988:, 1901) 986:Merriam 956:olympus 920:aztecus 912:, 1792) 900:, 1904) 873:, 1782) 841:osgoodi 837:incarum 790:Genetic 748:Felinae 602:on the 577:rodents 542:habitat 510:Alberta 496:in the 486:Central 462:panther 457:KOO-gər 366:, 1771) 320:Genus: 314:Felinae 304:Felidae 280:Order: 270:Class: 215: ( 198: ( 135:↓ 14427:Cougar 14386:180587 14360:FELICO 14176:552479 14121:FEIS: 14114:311910 14036:Q35255 13920:Rabbit 13895:Coyote 13890:Bobcat 13885:Badger 13864:Whales 13849:Muskox 13671:Turkey 13621:Chukar 13126:Lontra 12814:Martes 12089:Mydaus 11983:skunks 10947:Wolf ( 10827:Canina 10657:Canini 10521:Vulpes 10417:(dogs) 9958:Mungos 9272:Poiana 8354:P. leo 8352:Lion ( 8258:(cats) 7834: 7680: 7653: 7626: 7616: 7451: 7443: 7273: 7242: 7232: 6823:SFGATE 6648: 6607: 6531: 6496: 6486: 6335: 6327: 6284: 6277:187433 6274: 6235: 6161: 6124: 6008: 5935:May 2, 5897:May 2, 5784: 5612: 5602: 5465: 5455: 5414: 5404: 4929: 4845: 4822: 4812: 4600: 4306: 4275: 4265: 4222: 4095: 4085: 4001:"puma" 3982: 3957: 3949: 3696: 3657: 3602: 3594: 3531: 3466: 3431: 3369: 3361: 3245: 3191:"Puma" 3175: 3165: 3044: 3036: 2859: 2849: 2681:bobcat 2677:Bougar 2647:Ojibwe 2635:Apache 2598:. The 2579:throat 2571:Nevada 2522:Corral 2501:poncho 2499:-hide 2404:ranges 2298:Panama 2205:estrus 2090:Madidi 2065:calves 1978:– the 1861:wolves 1709:. In 1501:et al. 1478: 1466:, and 1421:family 1216:Cougar 1039:, 1940 1037:Pocock 1026:, and 1024:greeni 998:Nelson 976:youngi 974:, and 924:browni 891:, and 871:Molina 861:wavula 859:, and 833:bangsi 679:cuguar 632:cougar 516:, the 514:Canada 494:mammal 420:cougar 142:Early 60:Cougar 14347:3DXV5 14306:15179 14280:51265 14267:42307 14254:83735 14189:18868 14158:IRMNG 14150:42007 14101:4QHKG 14088:12521 13819:Moose 13275:Aonyx 13218:Lutra 12608:Meles 12378:Nasua 11653:Phoca 11110:Ursus 10902:Canis 10529:foxes 8839:Felis 7805:(PDF) 7791:(PDF) 7678:JSTOR 7651:JSTOR 7509:(PDF) 7502:(PDF) 7477:(PDF) 7470:(PDF) 7449:S2CID 7269:(2). 7036:(PDF) 7029:(PDF) 6646:S2CID 6529:S2CID 6333:S2CID 6325:JSTOR 6233:S2CID 6159:S2CID 6035:(PDF) 6028:(PDF) 6006:S2CID 5929:(PDF) 5922:(PDF) 5891:(PDF) 5884:(PDF) 5782:JSTOR 5539:(3). 5435:PeerJ 4966:(PDF) 4953:(PDF) 4927:S2CID 4792:PeerJ 4245:PeerJ 3955:S2CID 3887:(PDF) 3880:(PDF) 3694:S2CID 3600:S2CID 3498:(PDF) 3487:(PDF) 3464:S2CID 3367:S2CID 3042:S2CID 2835:. In 2608:Moche 2604:Cusco 2566:Texas 2524:, in 2509:coatí 2143:feces 2139:urine 1909:rheas 1893:hares 1794:moose 1616:poles 1469:Felis 1301:Felis 1062:valid 1028:nigra 734:Latin 706:genus 502:Yukon 482:North 217:CITES 211:CITES 14381:ITIS 14368:GBIF 14355:EPPO 14293:6330 14241:9696 14236:NCBI 14184:IUCN 14171:ITIS 14132:GBIF 14124:puco 14083:BOLD 14075:1995 13829:Wolf 12790:Gulo 11686:Pusa 10131:Urva 8721:Puma 8669:Puma 8620:Lynx 8035:2010 7832:ISBN 7813:2009 7795:USDA 7750:2007 7624:PMID 7569:2008 7543:2008 7517:2009 7485:2009 7441:PMID 7400:2020 7367:2018 7318:2021 7287:2018 7271:ISSN 7240:PMID 7181:2018 7137:2018 7109:2018 7081:2020 7044:2018 6961:2012 6931:2012 6876:2018 6849:link 6835:2024 6804:2024 6773:2007 6747:2007 6721:2007 6687:2007 6605:PMID 6563:2023 6494:PMID 6435:2010 6405:2007 6371:2007 6282:PMID 6194:2007 6122:ISBN 6101:2007 6043:2007 5967:2007 5937:2007 5899:2007 5610:PMID 5563:link 5549:2024 5514:2024 5463:PMID 5412:PMID 5332:2006 5305:2013 5279:2007 5246:2007 5220:2019 5194:2012 5168:2015 5142:2007 5091:2013 5064:2013 5038:2016 4974:2007 4872:Oryx 4843:ISBN 4820:PMID 4720:2007 4687:2023 4661:2023 4635:2023 4598:ISBN 4467:Oryx 4273:PMID 4220:ISBN 4201:2023 4170:2020 4140:2007 4093:PMID 4048:2011 4017:2023 3980:ISBN 3947:PMID 3895:2007 3822:2007 3793:2007 3739:2007 3725:and 3655:PMID 3592:PMID 3547:2022 3529:ISBN 3506:2020 3429:PMID 3383:2019 3359:PMID 3301:Puma 3284:2019 3243:ISBN 3209:2022 3173:PMID 3034:ISSN 2933:2012 2891:2006 2857:OCLC 2847:ISBN 2806:2022 2789:2015 2702:Cats 2645:and 2637:and 2625:and 2600:Inca 2475:and 2336:The 2326:Peru 2192:Cubs 2135:mark 2131:duff 2109:and 2027:and 1982:and 1931:and 1911:and 1877:mice 1848:and 1820:and 1818:hogs 1800:and 1493:Puma 1457:Puma 1451:Lynx 1419:The 1407:Puma 1405:The 1209:Puma 1164:Puma 1128:Lynx 1120:Lynx 1047:puma 1045:and 1000:and 910:Kerr 893:puma 739:Puma 698:puma 694:puma 573:deer 559:and 551:and 508:and 488:and 474:puma 472:and 418:The 396:text 325:Puma 74:PreꞒ 50:Lion 34:and 14342:CoL 14301:TSA 14210:MSW 14197:MDD 14109:EoL 14096:CoL 14060:ADW 13814:Elk 7614:PMC 7604:doi 7431:hdl 7423:doi 7349:doi 7230:PMC 7220:doi 6636:doi 6595:doi 6521:doi 6484:PMC 6474:doi 6317:doi 6272:PMC 6264:doi 6225:doi 6151:doi 6066:doi 6062:151 5998:doi 5860:hdl 5852:doi 5823:hdl 5813:doi 5774:doi 5738:doi 5734:305 5710:doi 5680:doi 5645:doi 5600:PMC 5590:doi 5586:101 5498:doi 5453:PMC 5443:doi 5402:PMC 5394:doi 5355:doi 5351:252 5001:doi 4919:doi 4890:hdl 4880:doi 4810:PMC 4800:doi 4769:doi 4562:doi 4525:hdl 4515:doi 4511:100 4475:doi 4442:doi 4401:doi 4364:doi 4314:doi 4300:271 4263:PMC 4253:doi 4124:doi 4120:252 4083:PMC 4075:doi 3939:doi 3686:doi 3645:hdl 3635:doi 3631:146 3582:doi 3456:doi 3419:doi 3351:doi 3339:311 3163:PMC 3153:doi 3108:doi 3077:doi 3073:259 3026:doi 2793:doi 2241:on 2173:cub 1962:at 1927:'s 1790:elk 1428:Mya 769:at 742:by 677:to 555:to 532:in 478:cat 428:) ( 169:in 14418:: 14396:: 14383:: 14370:: 14357:: 14344:: 14329:: 14303:: 14290:: 14277:: 14264:: 14251:: 14238:: 14225:: 14212:: 14199:: 14186:: 14173:: 14160:: 14147:: 14134:: 14111:: 14098:: 14085:: 14062:: 14047:: 14032:: 8021:. 7973:. 7955:. 7894:43 7800:. 7793:. 7736:. 7674:24 7672:. 7647:19 7645:. 7622:. 7612:. 7602:. 7590:. 7586:. 7447:. 7439:. 7429:. 7419:58 7417:. 7384:. 7357:. 7345:18 7339:. 7337:)" 7304:. 7277:. 7267:12 7261:. 7238:. 7228:. 7218:. 7208:12 7206:. 7202:. 7111:. 7083:. 7067:, 7063:. 6977:. 6947:. 6921:. 6917:. 6891:: 6845:}} 6841:{{ 6825:. 6821:. 6794:. 6790:. 6707:. 6695:^ 6673:. 6669:. 6658:^ 6644:. 6632:33 6630:. 6626:. 6603:. 6591:14 6589:. 6585:. 6571:^ 6549:. 6527:. 6517:51 6515:. 6492:. 6482:. 6472:. 6460:. 6456:. 6421:. 6391:. 6387:. 6357:. 6353:. 6331:. 6323:. 6315:. 6303:. 6280:. 6270:. 6260:77 6258:. 6254:. 6231:. 6223:. 6213:14 6211:. 6180:. 6157:. 6147:32 6145:. 6087:. 6060:. 6004:. 5996:. 5986:14 5984:. 5953:. 5907:^ 5858:. 5848:43 5846:. 5821:. 5809:90 5807:. 5803:. 5780:. 5772:. 5762:45 5760:. 5732:. 5706:85 5704:. 5676:44 5674:. 5670:. 5641:90 5639:. 5608:. 5598:. 5584:. 5580:. 5559:}} 5555:{{ 5537:29 5535:. 5531:. 5504:. 5494:66 5492:. 5488:. 5461:. 5451:. 5437:. 5433:. 5410:. 5400:. 5392:. 5380:. 5376:. 5349:. 5263:. 5126:. 5024:. 4997:26 4995:. 4991:. 4961:. 4955:. 4950:)" 4925:. 4915:50 4913:. 4888:. 4876:46 4874:. 4870:. 4818:. 4808:. 4794:. 4790:. 4765:75 4763:. 4744:. 4738:* 4731:. 4725:* 4710:. 4706:. 4695:^ 4625:. 4621:. 4576:^ 4558:52 4556:. 4552:. 4523:. 4509:. 4505:. 4489:^ 4471:54 4469:. 4465:. 4436:. 4432:. 4397:16 4395:. 4391:. 4360:66 4358:. 4354:. 4312:. 4298:. 4271:. 4261:. 4247:. 4243:. 4187:. 4156:. 4130:. 4118:. 4114:. 4091:. 4081:. 4071:16 4069:. 4065:. 4034:. 4007:. 4003:. 3953:. 3945:. 3937:. 3927:85 3925:. 3903:^ 3855:^ 3830:^ 3801:^ 3781:)" 3721:. 3717:. 3706:^ 3692:. 3682:25 3680:. 3653:. 3643:. 3629:. 3625:. 3598:. 3590:. 3580:. 3570:15 3568:. 3564:. 3537:. 3489:. 3462:. 3452:70 3450:. 3427:. 3415:91 3413:. 3409:. 3391:^ 3373:. 3365:. 3357:. 3349:. 3337:. 3331:. 3315:^ 3305:. 3270:. 3199:. 3193:. 3171:. 3161:. 3151:. 3139:. 3135:. 3104:12 3102:. 3098:. 3071:. 3040:. 3032:. 3024:. 3014:37 3012:. 2970:. 2950:. 2919:. 2877:. 2855:. 2814:^ 2787:. 2781:. 2757:^ 2653:. 2414:16 2410:14 2351:, 2320:, 2312:, 2308:, 2300:, 2296:, 2292:, 2288:, 2284:, 2105:, 2023:, 2019:, 1986:, 1935:. 1907:, 1903:, 1899:, 1895:, 1891:, 1887:, 1883:, 1879:, 1852:. 1808:, 1796:, 1792:, 1788:, 1784:, 1670:, 1662:A 1524:A 1521:. 1488:. 1460:, 1454:, 1448:, 1064:: 1022:, 1018:, 1014:, 1010:, 970:, 966:, 962:, 958:, 954:, 950:, 946:, 942:, 938:, 934:, 930:, 926:, 922:, 918:, 887:, 883:, 879:, 855:, 851:, 847:, 843:, 839:, 835:, 661:. 504:, 484:, 468:, 464:, 454:, 447:ər 441:uː 165:A 146:– 124:Pg 68:Ma 13596:e 13589:t 13582:v 13546:) 13537:) 13528:) 13519:) 13510:) 13501:) 13492:) 13483:) 13474:) 13465:) 13456:) 13447:) 13438:) 13429:) 13420:) 13411:) 13402:) 13370:) 13361:) 13352:) 13343:) 13306:) 13297:) 13288:) 13264:) 13240:) 13231:) 13207:) 13190:) 13166:) 13157:) 13148:) 13139:) 13115:) 13073:) 13064:) 13040:) 13023:) 12978:) 12969:) 12937:) 12898:) 12889:) 12880:) 12871:) 12862:) 12853:) 12844:) 12835:) 12803:) 12779:) 12755:) 12729:) 12720:) 12711:) 12702:) 12693:) 12684:) 12648:) 12639:) 12630:) 12621:) 12597:) 12588:) 12579:) 12538:) 12514:) 12433:) 12424:) 12400:) 12391:) 12350:) 12341:) 12332:) 12323:) 12291:) 12282:) 12273:) 12241:) 12232:) 12208:) 12178:) 12169:) 12160:) 12151:) 12119:) 12110:) 12078:) 12069:) 12045:) 12036:) 12027:) 12018:) 11985:) 11981:( 11965:) 11906:) 11897:) 11888:) 11879:) 11845:) 11836:) 11800:) 11776:) 11717:) 11708:) 11699:) 11675:) 11666:) 11642:) 11633:) 11624:) 11598:) 11589:) 11532:) 11523:) 11514:) 11505:) 11496:) 11487:) 11478:) 11469:) 11445:) 11428:) 11404:) 11383:) 11374:) 11350:) 11324:) 11299:) 11294:, 11272:) 11150:) 11141:) 11132:) 11123:) 11099:) 11090:) 11064:) 11040:) 10978:) 10969:) 10960:) 10951:) 10942:) 10933:) 10924:) 10915:) 10891:) 10882:) 10865:) 10856:) 10813:) 10804:) 10795:) 10786:) 10777:) 10768:) 10744:) 10735:) 10718:) 10694:) 10643:) 10634:) 10625:) 10616:) 10607:) 10598:) 10589:) 10580:) 10571:) 10562:) 10553:) 10544:) 10531:) 10527:( 10510:) 10501:) 10477:) 10451:) 10442:) 10362:) 10353:) 10344:) 10335:) 10326:) 10302:) 10293:) 10284:) 10260:) 10251:) 10242:) 10233:) 10216:) 10207:) 10198:) 10189:) 10180:) 10171:) 10162:) 10153:) 10144:) 10120:) 10111:) 10081:) 10072:) 10063:) 10054:) 10030:) 10021:) 9997:) 9980:) 9971:) 9947:) 9930:) 9868:) 9859:) 9835:) 9818:) 9809:) 9785:) 9755:) 9746:) 9722:) 9713:) 9642:) 9618:) 9609:) 9577:) 9465:) 9456:) 9447:) 9438:) 9429:) 9420:) 9411:) 9402:) 9393:) 9384:) 9375:) 9366:) 9357:) 9348:) 9339:) 9330:) 9300:) 9291:) 9248:) 9239:) 9230:) 9221:) 9197:) 9188:) 9130:) 9121:) 9112:) 9088:) 9079:) 9070:) 9061:) 9035:) 9026:) 9017:) 9008:) 8906:) 8897:) 8888:) 8879:) 8870:) 8861:) 8852:) 8824:) 8815:) 8806:) 8797:) 8788:) 8764:) 8734:) 8710:) 8693:) 8660:) 8651:) 8642:) 8633:) 8609:) 8600:) 8591:) 8582:) 8573:) 8564:) 8555:) 8546:) 8518:) 8509:) 8485:) 8455:) 8446:) 8422:) 8365:) 8356:) 8347:) 8338:) 8329:) 8305:) 8296:) 8239:) 8230:) 8186:) 8092:e 8085:t 8078:v 8037:. 7959:. 7953:" 7942:) 7934:( 7929:) 7898:) 7891:( 7840:. 7815:. 7752:. 7716:. 7684:. 7657:. 7630:. 7606:: 7598:: 7592:8 7571:. 7545:. 7519:. 7487:. 7455:. 7433:: 7425:: 7402:. 7369:. 7351:: 7320:. 7289:. 7246:. 7222:: 7214:: 7183:. 7139:. 7046:. 6963:. 6933:. 6878:. 6851:) 6837:. 6806:. 6775:. 6749:. 6723:. 6689:. 6652:. 6638:: 6611:. 6597:: 6565:. 6535:. 6523:: 6500:. 6476:: 6468:: 6462:9 6437:. 6407:. 6373:. 6339:. 6319:: 6311:: 6305:7 6288:. 6266:: 6239:. 6227:: 6219:: 6196:. 6165:. 6153:: 6130:. 6103:. 6072:. 6068:: 6045:. 6012:. 6000:: 5992:: 5969:. 5939:. 5901:. 5868:. 5862:: 5854:: 5831:. 5825:: 5815:: 5788:. 5776:: 5768:: 5744:. 5740:: 5716:. 5712:: 5688:. 5682:: 5651:. 5647:: 5616:. 5592:: 5565:) 5551:. 5516:. 5500:: 5469:. 5445:: 5439:5 5418:. 5396:: 5388:: 5382:3 5361:. 5357:: 5334:. 5307:. 5281:. 5248:. 5222:. 5196:. 5170:. 5144:. 5093:. 5066:. 5040:. 5009:. 5003:: 4976:. 4933:. 4921:: 4898:. 4892:: 4882:: 4851:. 4826:. 4802:: 4796:5 4775:. 4771:: 4722:. 4689:. 4663:. 4637:. 4606:. 4570:. 4564:: 4533:. 4527:: 4517:: 4483:. 4477:: 4450:. 4444:: 4438:2 4409:. 4403:: 4372:. 4366:: 4320:. 4316:: 4279:. 4255:: 4249:3 4228:. 4203:. 4172:. 4142:. 4126:: 4099:. 4077:: 4050:. 4019:. 3988:. 3961:. 3941:: 3933:: 3897:. 3824:. 3795:. 3741:. 3700:. 3688:: 3661:. 3647:: 3637:: 3606:. 3584:: 3576:: 3549:. 3508:. 3470:. 3458:: 3435:. 3421:: 3385:. 3353:: 3345:: 3303:" 3286:. 3268:" 3264:" 3251:. 3211:. 3179:. 3155:: 3147:: 3141:8 3116:. 3110:: 3083:. 3079:: 3048:. 3028:: 3020:: 2956:. 2935:. 2893:. 2863:. 2833:" 2808:. 2795:: 2779:" 2775:" 2690:: 2092:- 2075:( 1919:( 1554:( 996:( 984:( 908:( 896:( 869:( 450:/ 444:ɡ 438:k 435:ˈ 432:/ 422:( 362:( 219:) 202:) 129:N 119:K 114:J 109:T 104:P 99:C 94:D 89:S 84:O 79:Ꞓ 52:. 45:. 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index