2019:
disease, grant eternal youth or raise the dead, and no rice bowls or wine glasses that never become empty; rather, Hearn's incarnation of the myth of Hōrai focuses more on the atmosphere of the place, which is said to be made up not of air but of "quintillions of quintillions" of souls. Breathing in these souls is said to grant one all of the perceptions and knowledge possessed by the ancient souls. The
Japanese version also holds that the people of Hōrai are small fairies who have no knowledge of great evil, and whose hearts therefore never grow old.
104:
40:
1252:
319:
2018:
differs from the earlier
Chinese legend. This version rejects much of the fantastic and magical properties of Hōrai. In this version of the myth, Hōrai is not free from sorrow or death, and the winters are bitterly cold. Hearn's conception of Hōrai holds that there are no magical fruits that cure
1970:, and jewels grow on trees. There is no agony and no winter; there are rice bowls and wine glasses that never become empty no matter how much people eat or drink from them; and there are enchanted fruits growing in Penglai that can heal any ailment, grant
2028:
there is some indication that the
Japanese hold such a place to be merely a fantasy. It is pointed out that "Hōrai is also called Shinkiro, which signifies Mirage—the Vision of the Intangible".
2227:
2117:
literally refers to a Daoist holy person/immortal or a mythological being, but is often used to describe places which exhibit the qualities of these beings.
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2014:
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exists, but its claimed connection is as the site of departures for those leaving for the island rather than the island itself. In his work
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1859:), written in 1124 by Xu Jing (徐兢), Mount Penglai is located on an inhabited island which is found within the boundaries of
1658:
2897:
1663:
1160:
1806:, there are three godly mountains which are found in the Bohai sea where immortals reside; these mountains are Penglai,
2499:
1668:
778:
1950:
during the pre-Qin period, immortals live in a palace called the
Penglai Palace which is located on Mount Penglai. In
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2204:
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1997:
From the medieval periods onwards, Mount
Penglai was believed by some Japanese people to be located in Japan where
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A Chinese traveler in medieval Korea : Xu Jing's illustrated account of the Xuanhe embassy to Koryo
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1866:
Various theories have been offered over the years as to the "real" location of these places, including
1494:
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1981:, in search of immortality, sent several unsuccessful expeditions to find Penglai. Legends tell that
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2199:. Yaping Guan, 官亚平. (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban she. p. 113.
2081:
1962:. Supposedly, everything on the mountain appears pure white, while its palaces are made from
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1958:(or at least where they travel to have a ceremonial meal), as well as the illusionist
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Kwaidan: Stories and
Studies of Strange Things (digital version @ sacred-texts.com)
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Imagining China in
Tokugawa Japan : Legends, Classics, and Historical Terms
2047:
20:
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2519:
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2009:
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and can be reached "after crossing thirty thousand leagues of the Weak Water".
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44:"The Immortal Island of Penglai", by Chinese artist Yuan Jiang (1708), held by
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Salvation through dissent : Tonghak heterodoxy and early modern Korea
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2005:
arrived and eventually decided to stay there for the rest of their lives.
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108:"Penglai" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
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1985:, one servant sent to find the island, found Japan instead, and named
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1794:. According to the pre-Qin mythology which retells the legend of
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Reading
Tolkien in Chinese: Religion, Fantasy, and Translation
1845:
Illustrated
Account of the Embassy to Goryeo in the Xuanhe Era
2784:
2666:
2635:
2597:
2544:
2468:
1998:
1982:
1881:
1867:
1795:
815:
746:
643:
424:
387:
252:
24:
2729:
2641:
2619:
2463:
2164:. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 190.
1963:
1384:
1069:
Way of the
Celestial Masters#The Southern Celestial Masters
576:
1934:-period geographer, associated Mount Penglai with Korea's
1828:). Other islands where immortals reside are called Dàiyú (
1764:'Penglai Immortal Island') is a legendary land of
19:"Horai" redirects here. For the former town in Aichi, see
354:
318:
234:
220:
462:
280:
196:
182:
168:
1954:the mountain is often said to be the base for the
2952:Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations
3011:
1790:, the mountain is located at the eastern end of
2346:. Perspectives on Fantasy series. London, UK:
2015:Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
257:
2404:
2112:
1895:
1885:
1875:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1728:
1212:
138:
124:
2232:The Encyclopedia of Taoism A-Z, vols 1&2
1759:
2411:
2397:
2327:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2278:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1735:
1721:
1219:
1205:
2292:
2250:. Sem Vermeersch. Honolulu. p. 215.
2120:
2341:
2335:
1992:
1941:
23:. For the ancient Greek goddesses, see
3012:
2133:, p. 570. Stanford Univ. Press, 1990.
198:
2418:
2392:
2192:
1926:(lit. "A Guide to Select Villages"),
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2898:Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
1161:Taoist Temple (Hanford, California)
13:
2500:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
2243:
2157:
779:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
16:Mystical land in Chinese mythology
14:
3061:
2919:What the Master Would Not Discuss
2144:
2008:The presentation of Mt. Hōrai in
1089:Chinese ritual mastery traditions
1250:
317:
102:
38:
3035:Locations in Japanese mythology
2984:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
2977:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
1974:, and even resurrect the dead.
1946:In a legend originating in the
882:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
235:
221:
71:Legendary island of immortals,
3020:Locations in Chinese mythology
2945:Records of the Grand Historian
2286:
2237:
2221:
2186:
2113:
2105:
1852:
1755:
1175:Institutions and organizations
1074:The Northern Celestial Masters
281:
197:
183:
169:
139:
125:
1:
3050:Classic of Mountains and Seas
2912:In Search of the Supernatural
2828:Classic of Mountains and Seas
2293:Kallander, George L. (2013).
2098:
2071:, the island of the immortal
1798:presenting a memorial to the
1787:Classic of Mountains and Seas
1064:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
764:Three Great Emperor-Officials
1059:Way of the Celestial Masters
7:
2031:
1857:Xuanhe fengshi Gaoli tujing
1779:
10:
3066:
2234:, Routledge, 2008, p. 789.
1495:Third International Theory
1181:Chinese Taoist Association
18:
2998:Mulian Rescues His Mother
2970:Legend of the White Snake
2961:
2819:
2793:
2717:
2553:
2487:
2426:
2299:. Honolulu. p. 264.
2193:Morio, Matsumoto (2006).
2060:, paradise-island in the
1896:
1886:
1876:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1802:in order to seek for the
1119:Sacred Mountains of China
501:Three Treasures (virtues)
292:
274:
269:
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78:
67:
62:
52:
37:
32:
2870:The Peach Blossom Spring
2131:Classical Japanese Prose
754:Queen Mother of the West
120:Traditional Chinese
2991:The Magic Lotus Lantern
2884:Investiture of the Gods
2342:Reinders, Eric (2024).
2228:Fabrizio Pregadio et al
2196:A kaleidoscope of China
1655:Communities by country
759:King Father of the East
727:Four heavenly ministers
134:Simplified Chinese
63:In-universe information
3025:Mythological mountains
2806:Peaches of Immortality
2631:Chinese guardian lions
2554:Mythological creatures
1490:Real utopian sociology
1259:Mythical and religious
2891:The Sorcerer's Revolt
2479:Chinese folk religion
2158:Ng, Wai-ming (2019).
1993:In Japanese mythology
1977:Tradition holds that
1622:Intentional community
1565:Post-scarcity economy
3030:Mythological islands
2439:Godly world concepts
1942:In Chinese mythology
1439:Dystopian literature
1023:Way of the Li Family
236:Pung4 Loi4 Sin1 Dou2
2905:Journey to the West
1861:Changguo prefecture
1501:Utopia for Realists
1457:Communitas perfecta
1430:Gulliver's Travels
1404:Ideology and Utopia
1273:City of the Caesars
184:P'eng-lai hsien-tao
83:The Eight Immortals
2926:Heavenly Questions
2740:Gate of the Ghosts
2495:Gods and immortals
2459:Gods and immortals
2082:Gulliver's Travels
1770:Japanese mythology
1305:Garden of the gods
1156:Cebu Taoist Temple
1146:White Cloud Temple
1008:Way of the Taiping
222:Pùhng Lòih Sīn Dóu
3045:Asia in mythology
3007:
3006:
2877:The Four Journeys
2420:Chinese mythology
2306:978-0-8248-3786-0
2257:978-0-8248-6683-9
2244:Xu, Jing (2016).
2171:978-1-4384-7308-6
2127:McCullough, Helen
2063:Epic of Gilgamesh
2043:Penglai, Shandong
1952:Chinese mythology
1910:Penglai, Shandong
1816:), and Yíngzhōu (
1784:According to the
1768:. It is known in
1766:Chinese mythology
1762:
1745:
1744:
1577:Utopian socialism
1463:Communist society
1278:Cloud cuckoo land
1229:
1228:
1186:Celestial Masters
742:Tianhuang Emperor
350:Taoist philosophy
296:
295:
288:
287:
242:
241:
216:Yale Romanization
157:Standard Mandarin
88:
87:
57:Chinese mythology
3057:
3040:Mythical utopias
2962:Other folk tales
2692:Nine-headed Bird
2687:Peng (mythology)
2593:Four Holy Beasts
2488:Major personages
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2190:
2184:
2183:
2155:
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2124:
2118:
2116:
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2109:
2038:Penglai Pavilion
1925:
1902:Korean Peninsula
1899:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1854:
1839:
1838:
1834:) and Yuánjiāo (
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1560:Cyber-utopianism
1375:Most Great Peace
1254:
1231:
1230:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1124:Wudang Mountains
1033:Chongxuan School
1018:Shangqing School
566:Sexual practices
321:
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3054:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2957:
2815:
2789:
2755:Kunlun Mountain
2713:
2702:Nine-tailed fox
2549:
2505:Eight Immortals
2483:
2427:Overview topics
2422:
2417:
2379:
2377:
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2366:
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2187:
2172:
2156:
2145:
2125:
2121:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2034:
1995:
1956:Eight Immortals
1944:
1919:
1900:) south of the
1782:
1741:
1712:
1681:Associationists
1627:Atarashiki-mura
1581:
1530:Agriculturalism
1511:
1507:Utopian studies
1435:
1389:
1300:Fortunate Isles
1225:
1196:
1195:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1085:
1055:
1038:Quanzhen School
998:
988:
987:
977:
959:
926:
878:
830:
811:
801:
800:
769:Eight Immortals
715:Lingbao Tianzun
710:Yuanshi Tianzun
705:Three Pure Ones
695:
685:
684:
596:
588:
587:
496:
488:
487:
451:Three Treasures
345:
170:Pénglái xiāndǎo
109:
48:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2856:Shenxian Zhuan
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2820:Literary works
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2681:Four Evildoers
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2581:Vermilion Bird
2578:
2573:
2568:
2566:Black Tortoise
2557:
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2547:
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2522:
2520:Yellow Emperor
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2454:Shenmo fiction
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2334:
2305:
2285:
2256:
2236:
2220:
2205:
2185:
2170:
2143:
2119:
2111:The character
2103:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2077:Jonathan Swift
2066:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2010:Lafcadio Hearn
1994:
1991:
1943:
1940:
1804:elixir of life
1781:
1778:
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1740:
1739:
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1717:
1714:
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1711:
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1708:
1703:
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1683:
1677:Organizations
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1572:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1550:Social harmony
1547:
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1540:Millenarianism
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1335:Kingdom of God
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1227:
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1209:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:Taoist priests
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1177:
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1173:
1170:
1169:
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1165:
1164:
1163:
1158:
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1128:
1127:
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1114:Grotto-heavens
1110:
1107:
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1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
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1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1054:
1053:
1048:
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1035:
1030:
1028:Lingbao School
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
994:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
976:
975:
970:
965:
963:Zhang Guoxiang
958:
957:
952:
950:Wang Chongyang
947:
942:
937:
932:
930:Cheng Xuanying
925:
924:
919:
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836:
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812:
807:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
793:
788:
787:
786:
784:Yellow Emperor
776:
771:
766:
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750:
749:
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739:
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270:Transcriptions
263:
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209:Yue: Cantonese
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151:Transcriptions
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15:
9:
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2853:
2851:
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2849:Liexian Zhuan
2846:
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2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
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2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:Jade Mountain
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:Eight Pillars
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
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2640:
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2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2613:Spirit turtle
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2586:Yellow Dragon
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2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Creation myth
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2395:
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2359:
2357:9781350374645
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2259:
2253:
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2248:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2206:7-5085-0997-8
2202:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2140:
2139:0-8047-1960-8
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2091:
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2036:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:Qin Shi Huang
1975:
1973:
1972:eternal youth
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1936:Mount Kumgang
1933:
1929:
1928:Yi Chung-hwan
1923:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1858:
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1716:
1715:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1686:Anthroposophs
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
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1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:Huaxi Village
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:Pirate utopia
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:Transhumanism
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:Technological
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
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1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:New Jerusalem
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:Mount Penglai
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:Merry England
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
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1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:Taoist temple
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Mount Penglai
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:Sacred places
1105:
1104:
1095:
1092:
1091:
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1080:
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1021:
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1016:
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1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
992:
991:
984:
983:
979:
978:
974:
971:
969:
968:Zhang Sanfeng
966:
964:
961:
960:
956:
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948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
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879:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
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850:
847:
845:
844:Zhang Daoling
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
827:
824:
822:
819:
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813:
810:
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797:
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770:
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760:
757:
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748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
737:Ziwei Emperor
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
725:
721:
720:Daode Tianzun
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
706:
703:
701:
700:Hongjun Laozu
698:
697:
694:
689:
688:
681:
680:
676:
674:
673:
669:
667:
666:
665:Qingjing Jing
662:
660:
659:
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652:
648:
646:
645:
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592:
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584:
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569:
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550:
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545:
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542:
538:
534:
533:
529:
527:
526:
522:
521:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
506:Five Precepts
504:
502:
499:
498:
492:
491:
484:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:
466:
464:
461:
459:
458:
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449:
447:
444:
442:
441:
437:
434:
433:
429:
427:
426:
422:
419:
418:
414:
411:
410:
406:
404:
403:
399:
397:(five phases)
396:
395:
391:
389:
386:
382:
379:
378:
377:
376:
372:
370:
369:
365:
363:
362:
358:
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353:
351:
348:
347:
341:
340:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:
320:
316:
315:
312:
309:
308:
304:
300:
299:
291:
279:
277:
273:
268:
264:
256:
254:
250:
247:Japanese name
245:
233:
231:
227:
219:
217:
213:
210:
206:
200:
195:
193:
189:
181:
179:
175:
167:
165:
161:
158:
154:
149:
145:
137:
135:
131:
123:
121:
117:
112:
105:
100:
96:
93:Mount Penglai
91:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
46:Palace Museum
41:
36:
33:Mount Penglai
31:
26:
22:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2769:
2765:Moving Sands
2707:
2627:(Fox spirit)
2571:Azure Dragon
2561:Four Symbols
2380:February 22,
2378:. Retrieved
2374:
2343:
2337:
2295:
2288:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2195:
2188:
2160:
2130:
2122:
2107:
2080:
2061:
2048:Hōrai Valley
2023:
2021:
2013:
2007:
1996:
1989:as Penglai.
1976:
1945:
1913:
1865:
1856:
1844:
1842:
1785:
1783:
1773:
1747:
1746:
1605:Open borders
1595:Architecture
1499:
1485:Pantisocracy
1455:
1428:
1421:
1416:The Republic
1414:
1402:
1369:
1136:Mount Kunlun
1130:
980:
940:Zhang Boduan
922:Tao Hongjing
834:Heshang Gong
732:Jade Emperor
677:
670:
663:
656:
651:Sanhuangjing
649:
642:
635:
628:
621:
614:
609:Tao Te Ching
607:
600:
575:
557:
546:
539:
530:
523:
511:Ten Precepts
481:
477:
467:
455:
438:
430:
423:
420:(non-action)
415:
407:
400:
392:
381:Yin and yang
373:
366:
359:
276:Romanization
164:Hanyu Pinyin
114:Chinese name
21:Hōrai, Aichi
2863:Shenyi Jing
2677:Four Perils
2576:White Tiger
2525:Yan Emperor
2073:struldbrugs
2003:Yang Guifei
1948:state of Qi
1920: [
1800:Qin Emperor
1691:Lindisfarne
1647:Sustainable
1632:Egalitarian
1468:Heterotopia
1325:Great Unity
1079:Zhengyi Dao
1043:Dragon Gate
912:Kou Qianzhi
907:Bao Jingyan
821:Zhuang Zhou
630:Taipingjing
3014:Categories
2780:Weak River
2672:Fox spirit
2350:Academic.
2348:Bloomsbury
2180:1089524439
2099:References
2093:Shangri-La
2088:Tír na nÓg
1987:Mount Fuji
1960:Anqi Sheng
1696:Millennium
1473:Ideal city
1394:Literature
1365:Mezzoramia
1345:Libertatia
1320:Satya Yuga
1315:Golden Age
1310:Shangri-La
1151:Louguantai
1094:Yao Taoism
917:Lu Xiujing
897:Wei Huacun
892:Sun Hanhua
839:Wei Boyang
583:Priesthood
516:Meditation
435:(immortal)
412:(reversal)
178:Wade–Giles
79:Characters
73:Otherworld
2938:Huainanzi
2835:Shi Yi Ji
2775:Red River
2625:Huli jing
2603:Fenghuang
2444:Astrology
2323:cite book
2315:859157560
2274:cite book
2266:950971983
2215:228035978
1915:Taengniji
1808:Fāngzhàng
1792:Bohai Sea
1706:Zeitgeist
1478:Sforzinda
1283:Cockaigne
1003:Huang–Lao
955:Qiu Chuji
945:Sun Bu'er
935:Chen Tuan
887:Guo Xiang
854:Zhang Jue
826:Lie Yukou
658:Huahujing
623:Huainanzi
495:Practices
446:True form
2608:Yinglong
2515:Shennong
2069:Luggnagg
2032:See also
1853:宣和奉使高麗圖經
1780:Location
1586:Practice
1535:Escapism
1525:Arcology
1516:Concepts
1355:Mahoroba
1350:Mag Mell
1330:Ketumati
1236:a series
1234:Part of
1051:Wuliupai
973:Zhu Quan
859:Zhang Lu
693:Theology
637:Xiang'er
616:Zhuangzi
520:Alchemy
344:Concepts
303:a series
301:Part of
230:Jyutping
2842:Bowuzhi
2770:Penglai
2760:Longmen
2708:more...
2662:Wuzhiqi
2638:(Bixie)
2535:Chang'e
2510:Youchao
2449:Dragons
2371:"Horai"
2025:Kwaidan
2022:In the
1917:
1872:Nam-Hae
1849:Chinese
1843:In the
1752:Chinese
1748:Penglai
1669:Germany
1664:Finland
1659:America
1545:New Man
1295:Elysium
1268:Arcadia
1244:Utopias
1013:Xuanxue
996:Schools
982:Fangshi
902:Ge Hong
874:Wang Bi
864:Ge Xuan
796:Li Hong
791:Guan Yu
774:Chang'e
679:Daozang
672:Baopuzi
602:I Ching
440:Zhenren
402:Bianhua
334:History
329:Outline
2930:Chu Ci
2811:Xirang
2745:Fusang
2725:Buzhou
2718:Places
2697:Tianma
2657:Xiezhi
2652:Hundun
2647:Horses
2540:Hou Yi
2530:Chiyou
2474:Ghosts
2354:
2313:
2303:
2264:
2254:
2213:
2203:
2178:
2168:
2137:
2058:Dilmun
2053:Avalon
1968:silver
1932:Joseon
1906:Taiwan
1904:, and
1892:Jejudo
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