317:
325:
36:
561:
515:, which had been supported by both the 68881 and 68882 and were used by the popular fractal generating software of the time and little else. The Motorola floating point support package (FPSP) emulated these instructions in software under interrupt. As this was an exception handler, heavy use of the transcendental functions caused severe performance penalties.
518:
Heat was always a problem throughout the 68040's life. While it delivered over four times the per-clock performance of the 68020 and 68030, the chip's complexity and power requirements came from a large die and large caches. This affected the scaling of the processor and it was never able to run with
401:
Motorola produced several speed grades. The 16 MHz and 20 MHz parts were never qualified (XC designation) and used as prototyping samples. 25 MHz and 33 MHz grades featured across the whole line, but until around 2000 the 40 MHz grade was only for the "full" 68040. A planned
610:
computers. Chips with mask set 2E23G (as used in the LC 475) have been confirmed to be faulty. The fault relates to pending writes being lost when the F-line exception is triggered. The 68040 cannot update its microcode in the manner of modern x86 chips. This means that the only way to use software
506:
external FPU was known as a very high performance unit and
Motorola did not wish to risk integrators using the "LC" version with a 68882 instead of the more profitable full "RC" unit. (For information on Motorola's multiprocessing model with the 680x0 series, see
398:, which removed both the FPU and MMU. Motorola had intended the EC variant for embedded use, but embedded processors during the 68040's time did not need the power of the 68040, so EC variants of the 68020 and 68030 continued to be common in designs.
547:
is a version of the
Motorola 68040 microprocessor, intended for embedded controllers (EC). It differs from the 68040 in that it has neither an FPU nor an MMU. This makes it less expensive and it draws less power. The 68EC040 was used in Cisco switch
501:
The 68040 ran into the transistor budget limit early in design. While the MMU did not take many transistors—indeed, having it on the same die as the CPU actually saved on transistors—the FPU certainly did. Motorola's
603:
is used. According to
Motorola's errata, any chip with a mask set 2E71M or later does not contain the bug. This new mask was introduced in mid-1995 and converted the 68LC040 chip to MC status.
523:
enthusiasts reported success reaching 50 MHz using a 100 MHz oscillator instead of an 80 MHz part and the then novel technique of adding oversized heat sinks with fans.
1148:
580:
with no FPU. This makes it less expensive and it draws less power. Although the CPU now fits into a feature chart more like the
Motorola 68030, it continues to include the 68040's
422:, which was named for the chip. The fastest 68040 processor was clocked at 40 MHz and it was used only in the Quadra 840AV. The more expensive models in the (short-lived)
1141:
989:
1134:
1106:
805:
971:
785:
1019:
356:, skipping the 68050. In keeping with general Motorola naming, the 68040 is often referred to as simply the '040 (pronounced
100:
856:
530:, but on a clock-for-clock basis could significantly outperform the Intel chip in integer and floating point instructions.
72:
1537:
1084:
79:
758:
119:
611:
that requires floating-point functionality is to replace the buggy 68LC040 with a later revision, or a full 68040.
17:
1170:
902:
824:
1699:
53:
86:
861:
57:
997:
375:(FPU). It thus included all of the functionality that previously required external chips, namely the FPU and
1694:
876:
217:
68:
1126:
809:
486:
975:
549:
478:
1510:
512:
167:
46:
1419:
1027:
625:
376:
1252:
552:
that is the heart of models 2900, 2948G, 2980G, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500 and 7600.
368:
345:
341:
222:
93:
1305:
1196:
1157:
585:
403:
384:
8:
1116:
630:
372:
379:(MMU), which was added in the 68030. It also had split instruction and data caches of 4
1357:
1352:
1300:
451:
427:
1121:
1409:
1186:
949:
730:
519:
a clock rate exceeding 40 MHz. A 50 MHz variant was planned, but canceled.
435:
423:
261:
860: prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
592:
431:
419:
234:
1612:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1569:
1564:
1315:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1110:
753:
607:
463:
459:
1628:
1579:
1433:
1428:
1404:
1392:
1295:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
726:
577:
508:
503:
490:
390:
Versions of the 68040 were created for specific market segments, including the
353:
349:
308:
298:
257:
1688:
1556:
1500:
1485:
1209:
1204:
1076:
467:
1664:
1574:
1480:
1471:
1461:
1452:
1215:
720:
596:
520:
1156:
1466:
1457:
1395:
527:
447:
443:
1659:
1490:
1476:
688:
482:
439:
170:
316:
599:
that prevents the chip from operating correctly when a software FPU
581:
415:
324:
207:
4096 bytes each for instruction and data with independent MMU and TLB
202:
1649:
851:
35:
600:
560:
380:
1443:
1380:
1375:
924:
455:
1049:
426:
line also used the 68040, while the cheaper Quadra, Centris and
1654:
1117:
1495:
1367:
1669:
1518:
702:
471:
816:
1318:
606:
The buggy revisions are typically found in 68LC040-based
1158:
Motorola-Freescale-NXP processors and microcontrollers
402:
50 MHz grade was canceled after it exceeded the
1050:"NetBSD Problem Report #13078: Mac 68LC040 problem"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
588:and is thus significantly faster than the 68030.
1686:
950:"CISC: The Intel 80486 vs. The Motorola MC68040"
1083:. Other Recent Decimal Floating-Point Formats.
348:, released in 1990. It is the successor to the
511:.) The FPU in the 68040 was incapable of IEEE
1142:
850:This article is based on material taken from
786:List of Macintosh models grouped by CPU type
328:Motorola 68040 die shot with FPU on the left
925:"The Boeing 737 Flight Management Computer"
900:
526:The 68040 offered the same features as the
418:computers, the 68040 was introduced in the
1149:
1135:
1122:M68040 Microprocessors User's Manual (PDF)
874:
990:"Documentation Clarification for MC68040"
825:"Motorola introduces 68040 high-end chip"
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
903:"Survival Guide for Apollo Workstations"
559:
323:
315:
14:
1687:
1074:
1020:"E71M and E42K MC-Qualified Mask Sets"
1130:
1077:"The Decimal Floating-Point Standard"
595:revisions of the 68LC040 contained a
1536:
857:Free On-line Dictionary of Computing
822:
462:'s TOWER 32/750, 32/825 and 32/850,
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
798:
477:The 68040 processor is used in the
434:. The 68040 was also used in other
24:
1068:
875:Fitzgerald, Michael (6 May 1991).
25:
1711:
1100:
922:
679:
394:, which removed the FPU, and the
1087:from the original on 3 July 2018
776:ATC = Address Translation Cache
614:
34:
1042:
1012:
877:"NCR promises Tower line lives"
823:Daly, James (22 January 1990).
320:A Motorola 68040 microprocessor
212:Architecture and classification
45:needs additional citations for
1169:
982:
964:
942:
916:
894:
868:
843:
806:"MC68040 Product Summary Page"
576:version of the Motorola 68040
13:
1:
929:The Boeing 737 Technical Site
791:
1113: (archived 4 March 2012)
1107:MC68040 Product Summary Page
1075:Savard, John J. G. (2018) .
470:, and later versions of the
395:
391:
7:
779:
533:
479:flight management computers
10:
1716:
555:
538:
271:Products, models, variants
175:25 MHz to 40 MHz
1642:
1621:
1605:
1546:
1535:
1531:
1509:
1442:
1418:
1391:
1366:
1314:
1251:
1195:
1179:
1168:
1164:
901:Tim Hunkler (July 1996).
564:Die of a Motorola 68LC040
496:
446:, as well as a number of
304:
294:
289:
275:
270:
249:
233:
228:
216:
211:
200:
195:
187:
179:
165:
160:
152:
144:
139:
513:transcendental functions
485:aircraft, including all
409:
367:The 68040 was the first
1420:Memory management units
1180:Industrial control unit
864:, version 1.3 or later.
404:thermal design envelope
371:member with an on-chip
352:and is followed by the
229:Physical specifications
1700:32-bit microprocessors
972:"68040 Microprocessor"
565:
377:Memory Management Unit
329:
321:
563:
346:Motorola 68000 series
342:32-bit microprocessor
327:
319:
223:Motorola 68000 series
27:32-bit microprocessor
978:on 16 February 2012.
693:25, 33, 40 MHz
383:each. It was fully
338:sixty-eight-oh-forty
218:Instruction set
54:improve this article
1695:68k microprocessors
812:on 14 January 2012.
698:Production process
550:Supervisor Engine I
387:, with six stages.
373:Floating-Point Unit
282:68LC040 and 68EC040
140:General information
136:
1052:. Gnats.netbsd.org
566:
481:(FMC) aboard many
452:Alpha Microsystems
436:personal computers
428:Macintosh Performa
330:
322:
134:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1527:
1526:
774:
773:
677:
676:
424:Macintosh Centris
314:
313:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1707:
1539:Microcontrollers
1533:
1532:
1166:
1165:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1026:. Archived from
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1000:on 14 March 2012
996:. Archived from
986:
980:
979:
974:. Archived from
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
872:
866:
865:
847:
841:
840:
838:
836:
820:
814:
813:
808:. Archived from
802:
770:
715:
711:
707:
684:
683:
619:
618:
420:Macintosh Quadra
256:179 pin ceramic
137:
133:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Motorola 68040"
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:Motorola 68LC040
1715:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1638:
1617:
1601:
1542:
1523:
1505:
1438:
1414:
1387:
1362:
1316:Embedded system
1310:
1247:
1191:
1175:
1160:
1155:
1111:Wayback Machine
1103:
1090:
1088:
1071:
1069:Further reading
1066:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1030:on 2 March 2012
1018:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
988:
987:
983:
970:
969:
965:
955:
953:
948:
947:
943:
933:
931:
921:
917:
907:
905:
899:
895:
885:
883:
873:
869:
849:
848:
844:
834:
832:
821:
817:
804:
803:
799:
794:
782:
768:
754:Instruction set
713:
709:
705:
682:
617:
608:Apple Macintosh
558:
541:
536:
499:
487:Next Generation
464:Apollo Computer
460:NCR Corporation
416:Apple Macintosh
412:
285:
266:
245:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1393:Floating-point
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1102:
1101:External links
1099:
1098:
1097:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1041:
1011:
981:
963:
941:
923:Brady, Chris.
915:
893:
867:
852:Motorola+68040
842:
815:
796:
795:
793:
790:
789:
788:
781:
778:
772:
771:
766:
762:
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742:
741:
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733:
723:
717:
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699:
695:
694:
691:
681:
680:Technical data
678:
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671:
668:
660:
659:
656:
653:
645:
644:
641:
638:
634:
633:
628:
623:
616:
613:
578:microprocessor
557:
554:
540:
537:
535:
532:
509:Motorola 68020
498:
495:
438:, such as the
411:
408:
334:Motorola 68040
312:
311:
309:Motorola 68060
306:
302:
301:
299:Motorola 68030
296:
292:
291:
287:
286:
284:
283:
279:
277:
273:
272:
268:
267:
265:
264:
253:
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198:
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185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
163:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
135:Motorola 68040
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1712:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1633:DSPcontroller
1632:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1051:
1045:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
999:
995:
991:
985:
977:
973:
967:
951:
945:
930:
926:
919:
904:
897:
882:
881:Computerworld
878:
871:
863:
859:
858:
853:
846:
831:. p. 133
830:
829:Computerworld
826:
819:
811:
807:
801:
797:
787:
784:
783:
777:
767:
764:
763:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
735:
732:
728:
724:
722:
719:
718:
704:
700:
697:
696:
692:
690:
686:
685:
672:
669:
666:
662:
661:
657:
654:
651:
647:
646:
642:
639:
636:
635:
632:
629:
627:
624:
621:
620:
615:Feature table
612:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
562:
553:
551:
546:
531:
529:
524:
522:
516:
514:
510:
505:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:/400 series,
457:
454:servers, the
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
407:
405:
399:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
326:
318:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:
293:
288:
281:
280:
278:
274:
269:
263:
259:
255:
254:
252:
248:
241:
240:
238:
236:
232:
227:
224:
221:
219:
215:
210:
206:
204:
199:
194:
190:
188:Address width
186:
182:
178:
174:
172:
169:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1665:PowerPC 5000
1538:
1396:coprocessors
1290:
1253:68000 family
1216:Hitachi 6309
1171:
1089:. Retrieved
1080:
1054:. Retrieved
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:the original
1023:
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
993:
984:
976:the original
966:
954:. Retrieved
944:
932:. Retrieved
928:
918:
906:. Retrieved
896:
884:. Retrieved
880:
870:
855:
845:
833:. Retrieved
828:
818:
810:the original
800:
775:
765:Transistors
737:Address bus
725:179 ceramic
721:Chip carrier
712:, Freescale
664:
649:
605:
590:
573:
569:
567:
544:
542:
525:
521:Overclocking
517:
500:
476:
448:workstations
413:
400:
389:
369:680x0 family
366:
361:
357:
337:
333:
331:
260:and 184 pin
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1197:6800 family
952:. July 1992
528:Intel 80486
444:Amiga 4000T
295:Predecessor
235:Transistors
161:Performance
153:Designed by
1689:Categories
1660:PowerQUICC
1491:PowerQUICC
1306:DragonBall
1214:see also:
1172:Processors
908:13 October
792:References
769:~1,200,000
689:clock rate
483:Boeing 737
474:computer.
440:Amiga 4000
358:oh-four-oh
242:~1,200,000
180:Data width
171:clock rate
80:newspapers
1606:16/32-bit
1553:6801/6803
1501:PPC e6500
1486:PPC e5500
1321:-variants
1081:quadibloc
1024:Freescale
994:Freescale
745:Data bus
430:used the
385:pipelined
381:kilobytes
305:Successor
1629:DSP568xx
1477:PPC 74xx
1472:PPC e500
1453:PPC e200
1301:ColdFire
1085:Archived
886:31 March
780:See also
729:and 184
601:emulator
586:pipeline
574:low cost
534:Variants
493:models.
362:oh-forty
340:") is a
156:Motorola
145:Launched
110:May 2023
1467:PPC 7xx
1458:PPC 6xx
1444:PowerPC
1381:MC88110
1376:MC88100
1358:68LC060
1353:68EC060
1348:68LC040
1343:68EC040
1338:68EC030
1333:68EC020
1328:68EC000
1109:at the
1091:16 July
1056:24 July
1034:24 July
934:24 June
854:at the
835:3 March
748:32 bit
740:32 bit
714:0.57 ÎĽm
710:0.65 ÎĽm
701:static
622:Variant
570:68LC040
556:68LC040
545:68EC040
539:68EC040
456:HP 9000
432:68LC040
396:68EC040
392:68LC040
344:in the
290:History
276:Variant
250:Package
191:32 bits
183:32 bits
94:scholar
1655:MPC5xx
1650:M·CORE
1643:32-bit
1622:24-bit
1597:68HC16
1592:68HC12
1587:68HC11
1570:68HC08
1565:68HC05
1446:family
1398:(FPUs)
1243:68HC16
1238:68HC12
1233:68HC11
1228:68HC08
1223:68HC05
1004:20 May
956:20 May
706:0.8 ÎĽm
582:caches
497:Design
468:DN5500
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1613:683xx
1547:8-bit
1496:QorIQ
1434:68851
1429:68451
1422:(MMU)
1410:68882
1405:68881
1368:88000
1296:68060
1291:68040
1286:68030
1281:68020
1276:68012
1271:68010
1266:68008
1261:68000
1187:14500
637:68040
591:Some
572:is a
504:68882
410:Usage
354:68060
350:68030
203:cache
196:Cache
166:Max.
101:JSTOR
87:books
1670:i.MX
1580:RS08
1561:6804
1557:6802
1519:i.MX
1481:e600
1462:e300
1210:6809
1205:6800
1093:2018
1058:2012
1036:2012
1006:2013
958:2013
936:2022
910:2022
888:2023
862:GFDL
837:2024
759:CISC
703:CMOS
687:CPU
643:Yes
593:mask
584:and
568:The
543:The
489:and
472:NeXT
442:and
332:The
148:1990
73:news
1575:S08
1511:ARM
1319:68k
731:QFP
727:PGA
673:No
667:040
658:No
655:Yes
652:040
640:Yes
631:FPU
626:MMU
597:bug
491:MAX
466:'s
414:In
364:).
360:or
262:QFP
258:PGA
201:L1
168:CPU
56:by
1691::
1079:.
1022:.
992:.
927:.
879:.
827:.
708:,
670:No
665:EC
663:68
650:LC
648:68
450:,
406:.
336:("
1479:/
1460:/
1150:e
1143:t
1136:v
1095:.
1060:.
1038:.
1008:.
960:.
938:.
912:.
890:.
839:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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