174:(1874–1951) in 1918. Moro referred to it as the Umklammerungsreflex (embracing reflex). In this publication, he stated: "When a young infant is placed on the examination table and one taps with hands on both sides of the pillow, there follows a rapid symmetrical extending abduction of both extremities, which approach each other in adduction immediately thereafter". According to him, this reflex should disappear after the infant's first 3–6 months of life. Since then, the Moro reflex has been used to detect early neurological problems in infants. Absence or prolonged retention of Moro reflex can be signs that the infants need neurological attention.
130:). Absence or asymmetry of either abduction or adduction by 2 to 3 months age can be regarded as abnormal, as can persistence of the reflex in infants older than 6 months. Furthermore, absence during the neonatal period may warrant assessment for the possibility of developmental complications such as birth injury or interference with brain formation. Asymmetry of the Moro reflex is especially useful to note, as it is almost always a feature of root,
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The Moro reflex may be a survival instinct to help the infant cling to its mother. If the infant lost its balance, the reflex caused the infant to embrace its mother and regain its hold on the mother’s body. The Moro reflex might also be an alarm signal from the baby who is about to lose support, and
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elicited the Moro reflex by slapping the pillow on both sides of the infant's head. Other methods have been used since then, including rapidly lowering the infant (while supported) to a sudden stop and pinching the skin of the abdomen. Today, the most common method is the head drop, where the infant
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152:. Exaggeration of the Moro reflex, either due to low threshold or excessive clutching, often occurs in newborns with moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The Moro reflex is also exaggerated in infants withdrawing from narcotics.
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Weirich, Angela; Hoffmann, Georg F. (2005-10-01). "Ernst Moro (1874–1951)—A great pediatric career started at the rise of university-based pediatric research but was curtailed in the shadows of Nazi laws".
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The Moro reflex in a four-day-old infant: 1) the reflex is initiated by pulling the infant up from the floor and then releasing him; 2) he spreads his arms; 3) he pulls his arms in; 4) he cries (
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that develops between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation and disappears at 3–6 months of age. It is a response to a sudden loss of support and involves three distinct components:
94:. Unlike the startle response, the Moro reflex does not decrease with repeated stimulation. The primary significance of the Moro reflex is in evaluating integration of the
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Pathologic Moro Reflex in an adult following acute demyelinating lesion of unknown origin in the medulla oblongata (Neurology)
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Persistence of the Moro reflex beyond 6 months of age is noted only in infants with severe neurological defects, including
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Chasnoff, Ira J.; Burns, William J. (1984). "The Moro
Reaction: A Scoring System for Neonatal Narcotic Withdrawal".
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is supported in both hands and tilted suddenly so the head is a few centimeters lower than the level of the body.
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An exaggerated Moro reflex can be seen in infants with severe brain damage that occurred in-utero, including
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the spread arms provide extremities for where to be grabbed by its handler to prevent a fall.
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Suzuki, Yasuhiro; Toribe, Yasuhisa; Futagi, Yasuyuki (June 11, 2012).
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The Moro reflex was first described in western medicine by
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Paleothinking: Going Back in Time to
Understand Human Nature
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The Moro reflex is impaired or absent in infants with
126:, and is usually present in complete form by week 30 (
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The Moro reflex may be observed in incomplete form in
633:Edwards, Christopher W.; Al Khalili, Yasir (2019),
333:. Vol. 22. Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 1–648.
203:Edwards, Christopher W.; Al Khalili, Yasir (2019),
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529:Agarwal, Anil; Verma, Indreshwar (December 2012).
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1082:Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
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416:"Moro Reflex - an overview"
235:Fletcher, Mary Ann (1998).
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102:Eliciting the Moro reflex
331:Neurology of the newborn
90:It is distinct from the
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824:Pharyngeal (gag) reflex
815:Vestibulo-ocular reflex
665:Berk, Laura E. (2009).
122:after the 25th week of
850:Brachioradialis reflex
791:Pupillary light reflex
96:central nervous system
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1022:Churchill–Cope reflex
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114:Clinical significance
76:pulling the arms in (
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16:Neurologic importance
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819:Oculocephalic reflex
796:Accommodation reflex
420:ScienceDirect Topics
134:, or nerve disease.
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997:Oculocardiac reflex
811:Caloric reflex test
705:. KDP. p. 67.
297:10.1155/2012/191562
1012:Reflex tachycardia
1007:Reflex bradycardia
956:Cremasteric reflex
887:Primitive reflexes
491:Samuels, Martin A.
414:Multiple authors.
65:spreading out the
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1070:Withdrawal reflex
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870:Ankle jerk reflex
680:978-0-205-61559-9
669:Child Development
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1108:Obstetrics
1097:Categories
1002:Baroreflex
930:Tonic neck
686:7 February
652:2019-08-01
639:StatPearls
514:7 February
425:2019-08-01
400:2019-08-06
290:: 191562.
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222:2019-08-06
209:StatPearls
187:References
172:Ernst Moro
107:Ernst Moro
32:10 seconds
935:Parachute
604:1432-1076
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375:ignored (
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86:(usually)
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1050:H-reflex
920:Stepping
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178:Function
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861:Leg
841:Arm
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688:2013
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