1963:. Biologists studying moose populations typically use warm-season, heat-stress thresholds of between 14 and 24 °C (57 and 75 °F). However, the minor average temperature increase of 0.83â1.11 °C (1.5â2 °F), over the last 100 years, has resulted in milder winters that induce favorable conditions for ticks, parasites and other invasive species to flourish within the southern range of moose habitat in North America. The moose population in New Hampshire fell from 7,500 in the early 2000s to a 2014 estimate of 4,000 and in Vermont the numbers were down to 2,200 from a high of 5,000 animals in 2005. Much of the decline has been attributed to the winter tick, which, between 2017 and 2019, accounted for 74% of all winter mortality and 91% of winter calf deaths in Vermont. Moose with heavy tick infections will rub their fur down to the skin raw trying to get the ticks off, making them look white when their outer coat rubs off. Locals call them ghost moose. Loss of the insulating winter coat through attempts to rid the moose of winter tick increases the risk of hypothermia in winter.
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3039:(moose). The shape of these, and the varied color of their skins, is much like roes, but in size they surpass them a little and are destitute of horns, and have legs without joints and ligatures; nor do they lie down for the purpose of rest, nor, if they have been thrown down by any accident, can they raise or lift themselves up. Trees serve as beds to them; they lean themselves against them, and thus reclining only slightly, they take their rest; when the huntsmen have discovered from the footsteps of these animals whither they are accustomed to betake themselves, they either undermine all the trees at the roots, or cut into them so far that the upper part of the trees may appear to be left standing. When they have leant upon them, according to their habit, they knock down by their weight the unsupported trees, and fall down themselves along with them.
930:, with some flattening. Most moose have antlers that are broad and palmate (flat) with tines (points) along the outer edge. Within the ecologic range of the moose in Europe, northern populations display the palmate pattern of antlers, while the antlers of European moose residing the southerly portion of its range are typically of the cervina dendritic pattern and comparatively small, perhaps due to evolutionary pressures of hunting by humans, who prize the large palmate antlers. European moose with antlers intermediate between the palmate and the dendritic form are found in the middle of the northâsouth range. Moose with antlers have more acute hearing than those without antlers; a study of trophy antlers using a microphone found that the palmate antler acts as a parabolic reflector, amplifying sound at the moose's ear.
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skin, dense, heat-retaining coat, and a low surface:volume ratio, which provides excellent cold tolerance but poor heat tolerance. Moose survive hot weather by accessing shade or cooling wind, or by immersion in cool water. In hot weather, moose are often found wading or swimming in lakes or ponds. When heat-stressed, moose may fail to adequately forage in summer and may not gain adequate body fat to survive the winter. Also, moose cows may not calve without adequate summer weight gain. Moose require access to both young forest for browsing and mature forest for shelter and cover. Forest disturbed by fire and logging promotes the growth of fodder for moose. Moose also require access to mineral licks, safe places for calving and aquatic feeding sites.
3057:... there is, also, the moose, which strongly resembles our steers, except that it is distinguished by the length of the ears and of the neck. There is also the achlis, which is produced in the land of Scandinavia; it has never been seen in this city, although we have had descriptions of it from many persons; it is not unlike the moose, but has no joints in the hind leg. Hence, it never lies down, but reclines against a tree while it sleeps; it can only be taken by previously cutting into the tree, and thus laying a trap for it, as otherwise, it would escape through its swiftness. Its upper lip is so extremely large, for which reason it is obliged to go backwards when grazing; otherwise, by moving onwards, the lip would get doubled up.
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them less preferred as prey to the wolves. Moose are fully capable of killing bears and wolves. In one rare event, a female moose killed two adult male wolves. A moose of either sex that is confronted by danger may let out a loud roar, more resembling that of a predator than a prey animal. European moose are often more aggressive than North
American moose, such as the moose in Sweden, which often become very agitated at the sight of a predator. However, like all ungulates known to attack predators, the more aggressive individuals are always darker in color, with the darkest coloring usually in areas facing the opponent, thus serving as a natural warning to other animals.
1221:. Moose are thus attracted to marshes and river banks during warmer months as both provide suitable vegetation to eat and water to wet themselves in. Moose have been known to dive over 5.5 metres (18 ft) to reach plants on lake bottoms, and the complex snout may assist the moose in this type of feeding. Moose are the only deer that are capable of feeding underwater. As an adaptation for feeding on plants underwater, the nose is equipped with fatty pads and muscles that close the nostrils when exposed to water pressure, preventing water from entering the nose. Other species can pluck plants from the water too, but these need to raise their heads in order to swallow.
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animals with highly flexible joints and sharp, pointed hooves, and are capable of kicking with both front and back legs. Unlike other large, hoofed mammals, such as horses, moose can kick in all directions, including sideways. Thus, there is no safe side from which to approach. Moose often give warning signs prior to attacking, displaying aggression by means of body language. Maintained eye contact is usually the first sign of aggression, while laid-back ears or a lowered head is a sign of agitation. When the hairs on the back of the moose's neck and shoulders (
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863:. The tail is short (6 cm to 8 cm in length) and vestigial in appearance; unlike other ungulates the moose tail is too short to swish away insects. Males (or "bulls") normally weigh from 380 to 700 kg (838 to 1,543 lb) and females (or "cows") typically weigh 200 to 490 kg (441 to 1,080 lb), depending on racial or clinal as well as individual age or nutritional variations. The head-and-body length is 2.4â3.1 m (7 ft 10 in â 10 ft 2 in), with the vestigial tail adding only a further 5â12 cm (2â
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to escape once it fell in. The pits are normally found in large groups, crossing the moose's regular paths and stretching over several km. Remains of wooden fences designed to guide the animals toward the pits have been found in bogs and peat. In Norway, an early example of these trapping devices has been dated to around 3700 BC. Trapping elk in pits is an extremely effective hunting method. As early as the 16th century the
Norwegian government tried to restrict their use; nevertheless, the method was in use until the 19th century.
851:
1076:(vestigial digits), corresponding to the second and fifth toe. The hoof of the fourth digit is broader than that of the third digit, while the inner hoof of the third digit is longer than that of the fourth digit. This foot configuration may favor striding on soft ground. The moose hoof splays under load, increasing surface area, which limits sinking of the moose foot into soft ground or snow, and which increases efficiency when swimming. The body weight per footprint surface area of the moose foot is intermediate between that of the
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blood vessels in the skin covering, which contains numerous hair follicles that give it a 'velvet' texture." This requires intense grazing on a highly-nutritious diet. By
September the velvet is removed by rubbing and thrashing which changes the colour of the antlers. Immature bulls may not shed their antlers for the winter, but retain them until the following spring. Birds, carnivores and rodents eat dropped antlers as they are full of protein and moose themselves will eat antler velvet for the nutrients.
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2226:. This area is considered a less than suitable habitat, and subsequent low numbers of sightings and kills have led to some presumption of this population's failure. The last proven sighting of a moose in New Zealand was in 1952. However, a moose antler was found in 1972, and DNA tests showed that hair collected in 2002 was from a moose. There has been extensive searching, and while automated cameras failed to capture photographs, evidence was seen of bedding spots, browsing, and antler marks.
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boreal forest, there was some concern that bison would compete with moose for winter habitat, and thereby worsen the population decline of moose. However, this does not appear to be a problem. Moose prefer sub-alpine shrublands in early winter, while bison prefer wet sedge valley meadowlands in early winter. In late winter, moose prefer river valleys with deciduous forest cover or alpine terrain above the tree line, while bison preferred wet sedge meadowlands or sunny southern grassy slopes.
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1032:, moose are more likely to develop perukes, rather than cactus antlers, than the more developed cervine deer, but unlike roe deer, moose do not suffer fatal decalcification of the skull as a result of peruke growth, but rather can support their continued growth until they become too large to be fully supplied with blood. The distinctive-looking perukes (often referred to as "devil's antlers") are the source of several myths and legends among many groups of
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2679:. Ussuri elk are different from other elk subspecies in that their antler size is much smaller, or they lack antlers entirely. Even adult bulls' antlers are small and cervine, with little palmation. The smallest subspecies in both Eurasia and the world, with both males and females standing only 1.65 to 1.85 m (5 ft 5 in to 6 ft 1 in) at the shoulder and weighing between 200 and 350 kg (441 and 772 lb).
1381:) are also known to prey on moose of various sizes and are the only predator besides the wolf to attack moose both in Eurasia and North America. In Western Russia, moose provide about 15% annual estimated dietary energy content for brown bears and are the most important food source for these predators during spring. However, Brown bears are more likely to scavenge a wolf kill or to take young moose than to hunt adult moose on their own.
1608:, moose may charge. Also, as with bears or most wild animals, moose accustomed to being fed by people may act aggressively when denied food. During the fall mating season, bulls may be aggressive toward humans. Cows are protective of young calves and will attack humans who come close, especially if they come between mother and calf. Moose are not territorial, do not view humans as food, and usually will not pursue humans who run away.
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881:), which can stand over 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) at the shoulder, has a span across the antlers of 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) and averages 634.5 kg (1,399 lb) in males and 478 kg (1,054 lb) in females. Typically, however, the antlers of a mature bull are between 1.2 and 1.5 m (3 ft 11 in and 4 ft 11 in). The largest confirmed size for this species was a bull shot at the
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moose may last seconds, though sometimes they can be drawn out for days with adults. Sometimes, wolves will chase moose into shallow streams or onto frozen rivers, where their mobility is greatly impeded. Moose will sometimes stand their ground and defend themselves by charging at the wolves or lashing out at them with their powerful hooves. Wolves typically kill moose by tearing at their haunches and
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2336:. However, the rest of its skull structure, skeletal structure and teeth bore strong resemblance to those features that are unmistakable in modern moose, indicating a similar diet. Its antlers consisted of a horizontal bar 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) long, with no tines, ending in small palmations. Its skull and neck structure suggest an animal that fought using high-speed impacts, much like the
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1525:. During this time both sexes will call to each other. Males produce heavy grunting sounds that can be heard from up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) away, while females produce wail-like sounds. Males will fight for access to females. Initially, the males assess which of them is dominant and one bull may retreat, however, the interaction can escalate to a fight using their antlers.
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landscapes into the northern range of moose, allowing deer to become populous in areas where they were not previously common. This encroachment by deer on moose habitat brought moose into contact with previously unfamiliar pathogens, including brainworm and liver fluke, and these parasites are believed to have contributed to the population decline of moose.
1190:, but have eight sharp incisors on the lower jaw. They also have a tough tongue, lips and gums, which aid in the eating of woody vegetation. Moose have six pairs of large, flat molars and, ahead of those, six pairs of premolars, to grind up their food. A moose's upper lip is very sensitive, to help distinguish between fresh shoots and harder twigs, and is
2447:) in 2011, Wisconsin, 20â40 (close to its border with Michigan) in 2003, Minnesota 5600 in its northeast in 2010, and under 100 in its northwest in 2009; North Dakota closed, due to low moose population, one of its moose-hunting geographic units in 2011, and issued 162 single-kill licenses to hunters, each restricted to one of the remaining nine units.
1413:) are the moose's only confirmed marine predator as they have been known to prey on moose and other deer swimming between islands out of North America's Northwest Coast. However, such kills are rare and a matter of opportunity, as moose are not a regular part of the orca diet. There is at least one recorded instance of a moose being scavenged by a
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3450:. Such proposals remained unimplemented, mainly because the extensive hunting for moose that was deregulated in the 1790s nearly drove it to extinction. While there have been documented cases of individual moose being used for riding and/or pulling carts and sleds, Björklöf concludes no wide-scale usage has occurred outside fairy tales.
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declining in eastern North
American forests, as this likely leads to increased predation. An alternate hypotheses among biologists for generalized, nonhunting declines in moose populations at the southern extent of their range is increasing heat stress brought on by the rapid seasonal temperature upswings as a result of
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the mother until just before the next young are born. The life span of an average moose is about 15â25 years. Moose populations are stable at 25 calves for every 100 cows at 1 year of age. With availability of adequate nutrition, mild weather, and low predation, moose have a huge potential for population expansion.
2183:, home to the largest moose on the planet. Kamchatka now regularly is responsible for the largest trophy moose shot around the world each season. As it is a fertile environment for moose, with a milder climate, less snow, and an abundance of food, moose quickly bred and settled along the valley of the
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took a great toll on moose, forcing them to near extinction, they are protected, but enforcement of the policy is weak and demand for traditional medicines derived from deer parts is high. In 1978, the
Regional Hunting Department transported 45 young moose to the center of Kamchatka. These moose were
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in the south. The moose has been extinct in much of the eastern U.S. for as long as 150 years, due to colonial era overhunting and destruction of its habitat: Dutch, French, and
British colonial sources all attest to its presence in the mid 17th century from Maine south to areas within 160 kilometers
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After expanding for most of the 20th century, the moose population of North
America has been in steep decline since the 1990s. Populations expanded greatly with improved habitat and protection, but now the moose population is declining rapidly. This decline has been attributed to opening of roads and
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Moose warning signs are used on roads in regions where there is a danger of collision with the animal. The triangular warning signs common in Sweden, Norway, and
Finland have become coveted souvenirs among tourists traveling in these countries, causing road authorities so much expense that the moose
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Cadmium intake has been found to be elevated amongst all consumers of moose meat, though the meat was found to contribute only slightly to the daily cadmium intake. However the consumption of moose liver or kidneys significantly increased cadmium intake, with the study revealing that heavy consumers
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or some combination thereof". Some scientists believe that this artificial inflation of game populations is actually detrimental to both caribou and moose populations as well as the ecosystem as a whole. This is because studies have shown that when these game populations are artificially boosted, it
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and the
Benelux nations). Population increasing and regaining territory. Males weigh about 320 to 475 kg (705 to 1,047 lb) and females weigh 275 to 375 kg (606 to 827 lb) in this mid-sized subspecies. Shoulder height ranges from 1.7 to 2.1 m (5 ft 7 in to 6 ft
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Moose require habitat with adequate edible plants (e.g., pond grasses, young trees and shrubs), cover from predators, and protection from extremely hot or cold weather. Moose travel among different habitats with the seasons to address these requirements. Moose are cold-adapted mammals with thickened
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Moose cows are more likely to emit protest moans when courted by small males. This attracts the attention of large males, promotes male-male competition and violence, reduces harassment of cows by small males, and increases mating opportunities with large males. This in turn means that the cow moose
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The antlers of mature
Alaskan adult bull moose (5 to 12 years old) have a normal maximum spread greater than 200 centimeters (79 in). By the age of 13, moose antlers decline in size and symmetry. The widest spread recorded was 210 centimeters (83 in) across. An Alaskan moose also holds the
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used for hunting moose. These pits, which can be up to 4 m Ă 7 m (13 ft Ă 23 ft) in area and 2 m (6 ft 7 in) deep, would have been camouflaged with branches and leaves. They would have had steep sides lined with planks, making it impossible for the moose
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Moose often show aggression to other animals as well, especially predators. Bears are common predators of moose calves and, rarely, adults. Alaskan moose have been reported to successfully fend off attacks from both black and brown bears. Moose have been known to stomp attacking wolves, which makes
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Research into moose predation suggests that their response to perceived threats is learned rather than instinctual. In practical terms this means moose are more vulnerable in areas where wolf or bear populations were decimated in the past but are now rebounding. These same studies suggest, however,
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or old age. These deformed antlers are composed of living bone which is still growing or able to grow, since testosterone is needed to stop antler growth; they may take one of two forms. "Cactus antlers" or velericorn antlers usually retain the approximate shape of a normal moose's antlers but have
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Moose avoid areas with little or no snow as this increases the risk of predation by wolves and avoid areas with deep snow, as this impairs mobility. Thus, moose select habitat on the basis of trade-offs between risk of predation, food availability, and snow depth. With reintroduction of bison into
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Female moose have an eight-month gestation period, usually bearing one calf, or twins if food is plentiful, in May or June. Twinning can run as high as 30% to 40% with good nutrition Newborn moose have fur with a reddish hue in contrast to the brown appearance of an adult. The young will stay with
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In some areas, moose are the primary source of food for wolves. Moose usually flee upon detecting wolves. Wolves usually follow moose at a distance of 100 to 400 meters (300 to 1,300 ft), occasionally at a distance of two to three kilometers (1 to 2 mi). Attacks from wolves against young
1214:, among many others. To reach high branches, a moose may bend small saplings down, using its prehensile lip, mouth or body. For larger trees a moose may stand erect and walk upright on its hind legs, allowing it to reach branches up to 4.26 meters (14 ft 0 in) or higher above the ground.
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Moose are unpredictable. They are most likely to attack if annoyed or harassed, or if approached too closely. A moose that has been harassed may vent its anger on anyone in the vicinity, and they often do not make distinctions between their tormentors and innocent passersby. Moose are very limber
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Bull moose have antlers like other members of the deer family. The size and growth rate of antlers is determined by diet and age. Size and symmetry in the number of antler points signals bull moose health and cows may select mates based on antler size and symmetry. Bull moose use their antlers to
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infestations. Predation of moose calves by brown bear is also significant. Landscape change from salvage logging of forest damage caused by the mountain pine beetle has resulted in greater foraging in logged areas by female moose, and this is the lead hypothesis as to why the moose population is
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or bell, which is a fold of skin under the chin. Its exact function is unknown, but some morphologic analyses suggest a cooling (thermoregulatory) function. Other theories include a fitness signal in mating, as a visual and olfactory signal, or as a dominance signal by males, as are the antlers.
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After the mating season males drop their antlers to conserve energy for the winter. A new set of antlers will then regrow in the spring. Antlers take three to five months to fully develop, making them one of the fastest growing animal organs. Antler growth is "nourished by an extensive system of
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recommended that motorists use caution between dusk and dawn because that is when moose are most active and most difficult to see, increasing the risk of collisions. Local moose sightings are often reported on radio stations so that motorists can take care while driving in particular areas. An
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a moose. Wolf packs primarily target calves and elderly animals, but can and will take healthy, adult moose. Moose between the ages of two and eight are seldom killed by wolves. Though moose are usually hunted by packs, there are cases in which single wolves have successfully killed healthy,
1183:, which while lower in energy content, provide the moose with its sodium requirements. In winter, moose are often drawn to roadways, to lick salt that is used as a snow and ice melter. A typical moose, weighing 360 kg (794 lb), can eat up to 32 kg (71 lb) of food per day.
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in September 1897 that weighed 820 kg (1,808 lb) and measured 2.33 m (7 ft 8 in) high at the shoulder. There have been reported cases of even larger moose, including a bull killed in 2004 that weighed 1,043 kg (2,299 lb), and a bull that reportedly scaled
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hairs. Hair length and hair density varies according to season, age, and body region. The coat has two layersâa top layer of long guard hairs and a soft wooly undercoat. The guard hairs are hollow and filled with air for better insulation, which also helps them stay afloat when swimming.
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near the Adirondack Mountains. Population increasing. This is a fairly small-bodied subspecies, females weighing an average of 270 kg (595 lb), males weighing an average of 365 kg (805 lb) and males standing up to approximately 2 m (6.6 ft) at the shoulder.
981:, he will shed his current set of antlers within two weeks and then immediately begin to grow a new set of misshapen and deformed antlers that he will wear the rest of his life without ever shedding again; similarly deformed antlers can result from a deficiency of testosterone caused by
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In Sweden, no fall menu is without a mouthwatering moose dish. The Swedes fence their highways to reduce moose fatalities and design moose-proof cars. Sweden is less than half as large as the Canadian province of British Columbia, but the annual take of moose in Sweden—upward of
1273:, and feeding it to a moose can be fatal. The moose's varied and complex diet is typically expensive for humans to provide, and free-range moose require a lot of forested hectarage for sustainable survival, which is one of the main reasons moose have never been widely domesticated.
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and the later 1958 reintroduction in Belarus), but political complications limited the ability to reintroduce it to other portions of its range. Attempts in 1930 and again in 1967 in marshland north of Berlin were unsuccessful. At present in Poland, populations are recorded in the
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MĂĄrquez, Samuel, Anthony S. Pagano, Carrie S. Mongle, Kurt H. Albertine, and Jeffrey T. Laitman. "The Nasal Complex of a Semiaquatic Artiodactyl, the Moose (Alces alces): Is it a Good Evolutionary Model for the Ancestors of Cetaceans?." The Anatomical Record 302, no. 5 (2019):
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WĂŒnschmann, Arno; Armien, Anibal G.; Butler, Erika; Schrage, Mike; Stromberg, Bert; Bender, Jeff B.; Firshman, Anna M.; Carstensen, Michelle (1 January 2015). "NECROPSY FINDINGS IN 62 OPPORTUNISTICALLY COLLECTED FREE-RANGING MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) FROM MINNESOTA, USA (2003â13)".
809:; however, without any living animals around to serve as a reference, the meaning became rather vague, and by the 17th century "elk" had a meaning similar to "large deer". Dictionaries of the 18th century simply described "elk" as a deer that was "as large as a horse".
5003:
Ogurtsov, Sergey S.; Khapugin, Anatoliy A.; Zheltukhin, Anatoliy S.; Fedoseeva, Elena B.; Antropov, Alexander V.; Mar Delgado, MarĂa del; Penteriani, Vincenzo (11 January 2024). "Brown bear food habits in natural and human-modified landscapes in West-European Russia".
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offer little protection. In collisions with higher vehicles (such as trucks), most of the deformation is to the front of the vehicle and the passenger compartment is largely spared. Moose collisions have prompted the development of a vehicle test referred to as the
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in Utah in the first half of the twentieth century. This is the southernmost naturally established moose population in the United States. In 1978, a few breeding pairs were reintroduced in western Colorado, and the state's moose population is now more than 2,400.
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The moose proboscis is distinctive among living cervids due to its large size; it also features nares that can be sealed shut when the moose is browsing aquatic vegetation. The moose proboscis likely evolved as an adaptation to aquatic browsing, with loss of the
1052:, and development of a superior olfactory column separate from an inferior respiratory column. This separation contributes to the moose's keen sense of smell, which they employ to detect water sources, to find food under snow, and to detect mates or predators.
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and is capable of consuming many types of plant or fruit. The average adult moose needs to consume 96 megajoules (23,000 kilocalories) per day to maintain its body weight. Much of a moose's energy is derived from terrestrial vegetation, mainly consisting of
1521:, mature bulls will cease feeding completely for a period of approximately two weeks; this fasting behavior has been attributed to neurophysiological changes related to redeployment of olfaction for detection of moose urine and moose cows. The males are
3161:
Boosting moose populations in Alaska for hunting purposes is one of the reasons given for allowing aerial or airborne methods to remove wolves in designated areas, e.g., Craig Medred: "A kill of 124 wolves would thus translate to 1488 moose or 2976
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had many striking differences from its modern descendants. It had a longer, narrower snout and a less-developed nasal cavity, more resembling that of a modern deer, lacking any sign of the modern moose-snout. Its face resembled that of the modern
3291:, collisions between automobiles and moose are frequent enough that all new highways have fences to prevent moose from accessing the road, as has long been done in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. A demonstration project, Highway 7 between
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In Sweden, there was a debate in the late 18th century about the national value of using the moose as a domestic animal. Among other things, the moose was proposed to be used in postal distribution, and there was a suggestion to develop a
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again (typically 18 months after the birth of a calf). At this point, the cow chases their calf away. Although generally slow-moving and sedentary, moose can become defensively aggressive, and move very quickly if angered or startled.
7618:
NiedziaĆkowska, Magdalena; Neumann, Wiebke; Borowik, Tomasz; KoĆodziej-SobociĆska, Marta; Malmsten, Jonas; Arnemo, Jon M.; Ericsson, Göran (2020). "Moose Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)". In HacklĂ€nder, Klaus; Zachos, Frank E. (eds.).
2408:, probably somewhere in East Asia, with the earliest fossils of the species in Europe dating to the early Late Pleistocene. The modern moose only arrived in North America around 15,000 years ago, at the end of the Late Pleistocene.
1842:, moose had gone extinct by 1870, but re-colonized the state in the 1960s, with the population expanding from Vermont and New Hampshire; by 2010, the population was estimated at 850â950. Moose reestablished populations in eastern
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combined, but usually with only minor consequences. In the Americas, moose injure more people than any other wild mammal; worldwide, only hippopotamuses injure more. When harassed or startled by people or in the presence of a
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Pagano, Anthony Santino, Jeffrey T. Laitman, Kurt Albertine, and Samuel Marquez. "Evolution of the proboscis in the moose, Alces alces: Evidence from Morphology and Ecology." The FASEB Journal 33, no. 1_supplement (2019):
2861:. The largest subspecies in North America and the world and the largest living deer in the world; the largest one shot on record weighed 820 kg (1,808 lb), and was 2.33 m (7.6 ft) tall at the shoulder.
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1265:, moose carefully select foods with less fiber and more concentrations of nutrients. Thus, the moose's digestive system has evolved to accommodate this relatively low-fiber diet. Unlike most hooved, domesticated animals (
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The male's antlers grow as cylindrical beams projecting on each side of the head at right angles to the midline of the skull, and then fork. The lower prong of this fork may be either simple, or divided into two or three
1794:'s history is very well documented: moose meat was a staple in the diet of indigenous peoples for centuries. The common name "moose" was brought into English from the word used by those who lived in present day coastal
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In Ontario, Canada, an estimated 265 moose die each year as a result of collision with trains. Mooseâtrain collisions were more frequent in winters with above-average snowfall. In January 2008, the Norwegian newspaper
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On average, an adult moose stands 1.4â2.1 m (4 ft 7 in â 6 ft 11 in) high at the shoulder, which is more than 30 centimetres (1 ft) higher than the next-largest deer on average, the
941:) antlers are usually larger than those of Eurasian moose and have two lobes on each side, like a butterfly. Eurasian moose antlers resemble a seashell, with a single lobe on each side. In the North Siberian moose (
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Vahteristo, L., LyytikÀinen, T., VenÀlÀinen, E. R., Eskola, M., Lindfors, E., Pohjanvirta, R., & Maijala, R. (2003). Cadmium intake of moose hunters in Finland from consumption of moose meat, liver and kidney.
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breed of the common moose in which the antlers are simpler and recall those of the East Siberian animals. The palmation appears to be more marked in North American moose than in the typical Scandinavian moose.
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Since the 1980s, however, moose populations have rebounded, thanks to regrowth of plentiful food sources, abandonment of farmland, better land management, clean-up of pollution, and natural dispersal from the
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Thermal image of a cow moose in the winter. Her thick, coarse fur with hollow hairs only measures an average of 8.3 °C (15 °F) above the ambient temperature of â23 °C (â9 °F), showing low heat-loss.
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2104:. It has migrated into other parts of Eastern Europe and has been spotted in eastern and southern Germany. Unsuccessful thus far in recolonizing these areas via natural dispersal from source populations in
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1465:
Moose typically carry a heavy burden of parasites, both externally and internally. Parasitosis is an important cause of moose morbidity and mortality and also contributes to vulnerability to predators.
6048:
Dussault, Christian, JeanâPierre Ouellet, RĂ©haume Courtois, Jean Huot, Laurier Breton, and HĂ©lĂšne Jolicoeur. "Linking moose habitat selection to limiting factors." Ecography 28, no. 5 (2005): 619-628.
8972:
1938:
regions. The exact causes of specific die-offs are not determined, but most documented mortality events were due to wolf predation, bacterial infection due to injuries sustained from predators, and
3258:). A Massachusetts study found that mooseâvehicular collisions had a very high human fatality rate and that such collisions caused the death of 3% of the Massachusetts moose population annually.
1814:(100 mi) of present-day Manhattan. However, by the 1870s, only a handful of moose existed in this entire region in very remote pockets of forest; less than 20% of suitable habitat remained.
5531:
Rolandsen, Christer M.; Madslien, Knut; Ytrehus, BjĂžrnar; Hamnes, Inger Sofie; Solberg, Erling J.; Mysterud, Atle; VikĂžren, Turid; VĂ„ge, JĂžrn; Hanssen, Oddvar; Miller, Andrea L. (August 2021).
6837:
Brockman, Christopher J., William B. Collins, Jeffery M. Welker, Donald E. Spalinger, and Bruce W. Dale. "Determining kill rates of ungulate calves by brown bears using neck-mounted cameras."
2712:. The largest subspecies in Eurasia. Males can grow up to 2.15 m (7 ft 1 in) tall and weigh between 500 and 725 kg (1,102 and 1,598 lb); females are somewhat smaller.
8869:
Hamr, Joe, Mike Hall, and Jesse N. Popp. "AN ASSESSMENT OF MOOSE AND ELK TRAIN COLLISIONS IN ONTARIO, CANADA." Alces: A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Management of Moose 55 (2019): 1-12.
8145:
8789:
Zeller, Katherine A.; Wattles, David W.; DeStefano, Stephen (2018). "Incorporating Road Crossing Data into Vehicle Collision Risk Models for Moose (Alces americanus) in Massachusetts, USA".
8648:
Glooschenko, V.; Downes, C.; Frank, R.; Braun, H.E.; Addison, E.M.; Hickie, J. (June 1988). "Cadmium levels in Ontario moose and deer in relation to soil sensitivity to acid precipitation".
5292:
2087:
By the early 20th century, the last strongholds of the European moose appeared to be in Fennoscandian areas and patchy tracts of Russia, with a few migrants found in what is now Estonia and
3011:
have yielded moose antlers in wooden hut remains from 6000 BCE, indicating some of the earliest moose hunting in northern Europe. In northern Scandinavia one can still find remains of
1805:
The historical range of the subspecies extended from well into Quebec, the Maritimes, and Eastern Ontario south to include all of New England finally ending in the very northeastern tip of
1146:
2340:, rather than locking and twisting antlers the way modern moose combat. Their long legs and bone structure suggest an animal that was adapted to running at high speeds over rough terrain.
3280:
estimated that some 13,000 moose had died in collisions with Norwegian trains since 2000. The state agency in charge of railroad infrastructure (Jernbaneverket) plans to spend 80 million
7861:
6403:
Nadeau, M. Steven; DeCesare, Nicholas J.; Brimeyer, Douglas G.; Bergman, Eric J.; Harris, Richard B.; Hersey, Kent R.; Huebner, Kari K.; Matthews, Patrick E.; Thomas, Timothy P. (2017).
1514:. They are generally solitary with the strongest bonds between mother and calf. Although moose rarely gather in groups, there may be several in close proximity during the mating season.
1194:, for grasping their food. In the summer, moose may use this prehensile lip for grabbing branches and pulling, stripping the entire branch of leaves in a single mouthful, or for pulling
3284:
to reduce collision rate in the future by fencing the railways, clearing vegetation from near the tracks, and providing alternative snow-free feeding places for the animals elsewhere.
1217:
Moose are excellent swimmers and are known to wade into water to eat aquatic plants. This trait serves a second purpose in cooling down the moose on summer days and ridding itself of
8333:
6909:
4820:
Water is definitely one of the preferred elements in the habitat of moose. When feeding on submerged aquatic vegetation they occasionally dive for plants in water over 18 feet deep.
6781:
635:, the moose's diet consists of both terrestrial and aquatic vegetation, depending on the season, with branches, twigs and dead wood making up a large portion of their winter diet.
7538:
3299:, which has one of the highest frequencies of moose collisions in the province, did not have these fences until 2008, although it was and continues to be extremely well signed.
7842:
7081:
4225:
2052:
from the end of the last Ice Age, as Europe had a mix of temperate boreal and deciduous forest. Up through Classical times, the species was certainly thriving in both Gaul and
8605:
7397:
7713:
6598:
5203:
Scrafford, Matthew A., and Mark S. Boyce. "Temporal patterns of wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus) foraging in the boreal forest." Journal of Mammalogy 99, no. 3 (2018): 693-701.
7136:
5912:
Bowyer, R. Terry; Rachlow, Janet L.; Stewart, Kelley M.; Van Ballenberghe, Victor (December 2011). "Vocalizations by Alaskan moose: female incitation of male aggression".
1861:
region, but strays, primarily immature males, have been found as far south as eastern Iowa. For unknown reasons, the moose population is declining rapidly in the Midwest.
7367:
2832:. A middle-sized subspecies that weighs 340 to 420 kg (750 to 926 lb) in adult females and 450 to 500 kg (992 to 1,102 lb) in adult males on average.
5124:
4350:
8254:
5629:
2056:, as it appears in military and hunting accounts of the age. However, as the Roman era faded into medieval times, the beast slowly disappeared: soon after the reign of
6713:
6854:
Francis, Alexandra L.; Procter, Chris; Kuzyk, Gerald; Fisher, Jason T. (January 2021). "Female Moose Prioritize Forage Over Mortality Risk in Harvested Landscapes".
6173:
6115:
4611:
8091:
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1830:
has most of the population with a 2012 headcount of about 76,000 moose. Dispersals from Maine over the years have resulted in healthy, growing populations each in
6656:
6058:
Jung, Thomas S.; Czetwertynski, Sophie M.; Schmiegelow, Fiona K. A. (2018). "Boreal forest titans do not clash: low overlap in winter habitat selection by moose (
7159:
7103:
4330:
1145:
7966:
6984:
Rempel, Robert S. (September 24, 2011). "Effects of climate change on moose populations: Exploring the response horizon through biometric and systems models".
6536:
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8999:
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4389:
Keller, Anna, Marcus Clauss, Evelyne Muggli, and Karl Nuss. "Even-toed but uneven in length: the digits of artiodactyls." Zoology 112, no. 4 (2009): 270-278.
1577:
949:) this branch usually expands into a broad palmation, with one large tine at the base and a number of smaller snags on the free border. There is, however, a
6147:
5490:
Debow, Jacob; Blouin, Joshua; Rosenblatt, Elias; Alexander, Cedric; Gieder, Katherina; Cottrell, Walter; Murdoch, James; Donovan, Therese (September 2021).
3190:, with the result that consumption of these organs from moose more than one year old is prohibited in Finland. As a result of a study reported in 1988, the
1734:. This massive range, containing diverse habitats, contains four of the six North American subspecies. In the West, moose populations extend across Canada (
8965:
8120:
6507:
6321:
5353:
3194:
recommended against the consumption of moose and deer kidneys and livers. Levels of cadmium were found to be considerably higher than in Scandinavia. The
2374:
was the largest deer known to have ever existed, standing more than 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) tall at the shoulders. This is bigger than even the
7927:
9126:
8738:
7019:
Debow, Jacob; Blouin, Joshua; Rosenblatt, Elias; Alexander, Cedric; Gieder, Katherina; Cottrell, Walter; Murdoch, James; Donovan, Therese (2021-08-02).
6347:
3576:
6816:
4946:
2378:, which was 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) tall at the shoulders. Its antlers were smaller than the Irish elk's, but comparable in size to those of
9073:
5446:"Larver av nÀsstyngfluga i ögat - ovanligt men allvarligt problem. Fall av human oftalmomyiasis frÄn Dalarna och sydöstra Finland redovisas (summary)"
4451:
2072:
until the 9th century as the marshlands in the latter were drained and the forests were cleared away for feudal lands in the former. It was gone from
1397:) can be significant predators of moose calves in May and June and can, in rare instances, prey on adults (mainly cows rather than the larger bulls).
4859:
2425:: There are an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 moose, with 150,000 in Newfoundland in 2007 descended from just four that were introduced in the 1900s.
2139:. The moose disappeared as a breeding species from Denmark about 4,500 years ago (in the last century, a very small number have lived for periods in
1405:) are most likely to eat moose as carrion but have killed moose, including adults, when the large ungulates are weakened by harsh winter conditions.
8626:
8153:
4407:
Telfer, Edmund S., and John P. Kelsall. "Adaptation of some large North American mammals for survival in snow." Ecology 65, no. 6 (1984): 1828-1834.
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2440:
Rocky Mountain states: Wyoming is said to have the largest share in its six-state region, and its Fish and Game Commission estimated 7,692 in 2009.
6560:
6024:
14360:
8448:
6579:
4897:
7858:
5107:. A Selection of Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, February 1980: 40â44.
2469:: In 2009, there were a winter population of around 120,000. In 2015 31,131 moose were shot. In 1999, a record number of 39,422 moose were shot.
8585:
2511:: Summer population is estimated to be 300,000â400,000. Around 100,000 are shot each fall. About 10,000 are killed in traffic accidents yearly.
7884:
5838:
1202:, or aquatic plants up by the base, roots and all. A moose's diet often depends on its location, but they seem to prefer the new growths from
14438:
14399:
13768:
9048:
8039:
7818:
5213:
4418:
2382:. However, the antlers had a shorter horizontal bar and larger palmations, more resembling those of a modern moose. Probably sometime in the
7594:
3430:
moose as of 2003. Although at this stage the farm is not expected to be a profit-making enterprise, it obtains some income from the sale of
3229:. In a collision, the impact crushes the front roof beams and individuals in the front seats. Collisions of this type are frequently fatal;
14621:
8171:
8012:
5709:
5040:
2040:
on up through the borders with Finland south towards the border with Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine and stretching far away eastwards to the
9019:
8232:
6901:
8534:
6773:
3978:
2370:
have been found across Eurasia. Like its descendants, it inhabited mostly northern latitudes, and was probably well-adapted to the cold.
8879:
8306:
7905:
5828:
Adventure Guide Inside Passage & Coastal Alaska By Ed Readicker-Henderson, Lynn Readicker-Henderson â Hunter Publishing 2006 Page 49
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6236:
7839:
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4197:
4035:
1595:
Moose are not typically aggressive towards humans, but will be aggressive when provoked or frightened. Moose attack more people than
1294:
576:. In the United States (outside of Alaska and New England), most moose are found further to the north, west and northeast (including
8602:
8563:
14567:
14334:
9281:
7792:
7405:
5379:
1549:
1084:
foot (which are more rounded with large dewclaws, optimized for walking in deep snow). The moose's body weight per surface area of
505:. Hunting and habitat loss have reduced the moose's range; this fragmentation has led to sightings of "urban moose" in some areas.
4171:
14580:
14373:
9261:
7709:
7508:
6636:
6287:
5768:
3191:
7375:
7323:
7132:
4585:
3341:
in Alaska where trees and brush are trimmed along high moose crossing areas so that moose can be seen as they approach the road.
3314:
In eastern Germany, where the scarce population is slowly increasing, there were two road accidents involving moose since 2000.
1563:
9325:
5974:
5533:"Distribution, prevalence and intensity of moose nose bot fly (Cephenemyia ulrichii) larvae in moose (Alces alces) from Norway"
3347:
140:
8410:
8282:
7993:
6959:
5093:
4347:
14417:
9240:
9217:
9207:
9196:
9177:
8922:
8510:
8485:
8258:
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7488:
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5955:
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5599:
5416:
5325:
5256:
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4700:
4309:
4089:
4015:
3962:
3899:
498:
14585:
14378:
9257:
8691:
4807:
4398:
Lundmark, Caroline. Morphological and behavioral adaptations of moose to climate, snow, and forage. Vol. 2008, no. 67. 2008.
3915:
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that moose learn quickly and adapt, fleeing an area if they hear or smell wolves, bears, or scavenger birds such as ravens.
14671:
9167:
8776:
8355:
6202:
6107:
5428:
1247:
This fenced-in area is part of a long-term research project to examine the effects of moose browsing on plant biodiversity.
472:
6617:
5445:
4607:
3434:
and from visiting tourist groups. Its main value, however, is seen in the opportunities it offers for the research in the
14626:
8327:
Smith, A. T., Xie, Y., Hoffmann, R. S., Lunde, D., MacKinnon, J., Wilson, D. E., & Wozencraft, W. C. (Eds.). (2010).
8095:
5956:
Female moose moans provoke bull fights, females have more choice in picking mates, concludes Idaho state university study
5695:
1072:), moose feet have two large keratinized hooves corresponding to the third and fourth toe, with two small posterolateral
9271:
7344:
7246:
6721:
3640:
2091:. The USSR and Poland managed to restore portions of the range within its borders (such as the 1951 reintroduction into
464:; other members of the deer family have pointed antlers with a dendritic ("twig-like") configuration. Moose inhabit the
14661:
14554:
9298:
6660:
945:), the posterior division of the main fork divides into three tines, with no distinct flattening. In the common moose (
8903:
6266:
834:, meaning "he strips off"), and possibly involved forms from multiple languages mutually reinforcing one another. The
14656:
14505:
13761:
9102:
6690:
4801:
4275:
3864:
3674:
3466:. Moose is also a common coat of arms in Europe as well; for example, in Finland, it appears on the coats of arms of
14313:
7959:
6751:
6530:
6468:
8996:
8061:
1535:
8939:
5357:
4241:
3619:
2323:
came from the warm savannas of Pliocene Europe, with the best-preserved skeletons being found in southern France.
1039:
In extremely rare circumstances, a cow moose may grow antlers. This is usually attributed to a hormone imbalance.
14443:
14326:
8694:. No. NB 1188. www.gnb.ca. New Brunswick Chief Medical Officer of Health. September 16, 2005. Archived from
8475:
7194:) infested with the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus (Acari): a mechanism for premature loss of winter hair."
6137:
4149:"Moose Antler Type Polymorphism: Age and Weight Dependent Phenotypes and Phenotype Frequencies in Space and Time"
3711:
3198:
2064:, where its range extended from Normandy in the north to the Pyrenees in the south. Farther east, it survived in
1838:, notably near bodies of water and as high up as 910 m (3,000 ft) above sea level in the mountains. In
669:
352:
194:
8851:
8193:
8116:
6503:
5354:"Watching Wolves On a Wild Ride By Les Line, National Wildlife Federation, December/January 2001, vol. 39 no. 1"
2908:. The smallest subspecies in North America, weighing about 230 to 344 kg (507 to 758 lb) at maturity.
5067:
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) diet and predation on moose (Alces alces) calves in the southern taiga zone in Sweden
3053:
from 77 CE, the elk and an animal called achlis, which is presumably the same animal, are described thus:
1503:
7934:
7431:
5600:"Evaluating moose Alces alces population response to infestation level of winter ticks Dermacentor albipictus"
2437:
Northeast: A wildlife ecologist estimated 50,000 in New York and New England in 2007, with expansion expected.
14598:
9677:
9118:
8731:
7483:. Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press in association with the Mammal Society, New Zealand Branch.
6808:
6343:
5744:
3565:
1886:
508:
The moose has been reintroduced to some of its former habitats. Currently, the greatest populations occur in
5315:
4943:
4730:
4635:
708:). A mature male moose is called a bull, a mature female a cow, and an immature moose of either sex a calf.
13754:
10466:
9069:
8194:"Factsheet: Eurasian Elk (Elk, reindeer, roe deer (Cetartiodactyla Cervidae Capreolinae) > Alces alces)"
4447:
3415:
3209:
of moose organs have a relatively narrow safety margin below the levels which would probably cause adverse
3025:
1518:
5839:"What To Do About Aggressive Moose, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
5149:
4851:
3363:
14412:
14261:
14256:
8622:
4532:"Evolution of the ungulate dewlap: thermoregulation rather than sexual selection or predator deterrence?"
3657:
3261:
2136:
1424:
1310:
7567:"Systematical and biochronological review of Plio-Pleistocene Alceini (Cervidae; Mammalia) from Eurasia"
3438:
and behavior of the moose, as well as in the insights it provides into the general principles of animal
3311:
In Sweden, a road will not be fenced unless it experiences at least one moose accident per km per year.
2048:. The European moose was native to most temperate areas with suitable habitat on the continent and even
14666:
14651:
9746:
9318:
7688:"The southernmost occurrence of Cervalces latifrons (Johnson, 1874) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Europe"
6557:
6017:
4610:(Report). Washington, D. C.: United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. 1972.
3652:
3458:
As one of the Canadian national symbols, the moose occurs on several Canadian coats of arms, including
3422:
of animals on the basis of their behavioural characteristics. Since 1963, the program has continued at
1951:
1778:. Moose have extended their range southwards in the western Rocky Mountains, with initial sightings in
1487:
9154:
8452:
6576:
6313:
4905:
3543:
2327:
was 1.25 times larger than the Alaskan moose in linear dimensions, making it nearly twice as massive.
14453:
12723:
9668:
9659:
5808:
3802:
3768:
3706:
3614:
3459:
3375:
3300:
3296:
2647:
1779:
835:
8589:
8538:
4944:
Tigris Foundation dedicated to the survival of the Amur tiger and leopard in the wild : UK HOME
2366:(broad-fronted stag-moose), which first appeared during the late Early Pleistocene. Many fossils of
1279:
14646:
14641:
12510:
8526:
7881:
2187:
and many surrounding regions. The population in the past 20 years has risen to over 2,900 animals.
886:
1,180 kg (2,601 lb), but none are authenticated and some may not be considered reliable.
824:
533:
465:
14430:
9040:
8449:"Moose Status and Hunting in Washington By Dana L. Base, Associate Wildlife Biologist August 2004"
8029:
7826:
5220:
4426:
3320:
2722:
1611:
1441:. Occasionally, a wolf may immobilize a moose by biting its sensitive nose, the pain of which can
1028:) are constantly growing, tumor-like antlers with a distinctive appearance similar to coral. Like
493:
shaped the relationship between moose and humans, both in Eurasia and North America. Prior to the
209:
13804:
13159:
12552:
10448:
9589:
7566:
3807:
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3049:
1483:
755:
502:
12672:
10108:
8167:
8009:
5713:
5044:
1506:
of the skulls of two bulls who apparently died after their antlers became locked during a fight.
990:
on their surface; being made of living bone, they are easily broken but can grow back. Perukes (
14492:
14365:
14186:
10210:
9916:
9835:
9016:
8220:
7673:
5842:
4104:"Fluctuating asymmetry in the antlers of moose ( Alces alces ): does it signal male quality?".
2101:
2092:
1877:
1475:
1349:
689:
24:
20:
14391:
7819:"Newfoundland's 120,000 moose are descended from just four that were introduced a century ago"
4326:
3982:
1706:, the Adirondack Mountain region and Taconic highlands of northeast New York State, the upper
805:
The word "elk" remained in usage because of English-speakers' familiarity with the species in
14487:
14224:
14083:
13859:
13746:
13360:
12390:
10615:
9844:
9728:
9311:
8887:
8329:
8298:
7901:
6895:
6893:
6426:
6405:"Status and trends of moose populations and hunting opportunity in the Western United States"
5246:
4981:
3822:
3781:
2809:
2084:
by c. 1600, and from Hungary and the Caucasus since the 18th and 19th century, respectively.
1865:
1653:
817:
696:. The word "elk" in North American English refers to a completely different species of deer,
331:
14479:
7735:
Meiri, Meirav; Lister, Adrian; Kosintsev, Pavel; Zazula, Grant; Barnes, Ian (October 2020).
4504:
3395:
Sculpture by the Finnish Jussi MĂ€ntynen from 1923. The statue was preserved intact from the
2975:
1910:
1798:. The indigenous people often used moose hides for leather and its meat as an ingredient in
1632:
Visitor Centers warn tourists that "...a moose with its hackles raised is a thing to fear."
1453:
Moose are also subject to various diseases and forms of parasitism. In northern Europe, the
14500:
14282:
14233:
13667:
13433:
13424:
13369:
12994:
12958:
12931:
12339:
12330:
11775:
11766:
10132:
9991:
9934:
9880:
8798:
8657:
7748:
7578:
7032:
6993:
6863:
6224:
5921:
5598:
Ellingwood, Daniel D.; Pekins, Peter J.; Jones, Henry; Musante, Anthony R. (16 June 2020).
5544:
5503:
3305:
2348:
1471:
1454:
1258:
1155:
813:
747:
705:
632:
517:
9041:"The Newfoundland Quarterly, volume 057, no. 2 (June 1958) :: Newfoundland Quarterly"
7737:"Population dynamics and range shifts of moose ( Alces alces ) during the Late Quaternary"
6890:
5804:
5429:
Recolonizing Carnivores and Naive Prey: Conservation Lessons from Pleistocene Extinctions.
4298:
Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers: Evolution, Morphology, Physiology, and Social Significance
3066:
8:
13957:
13879:
13829:
13613:
13315:
13306:
13054:
12922:
12895:
12831:
12492:
12372:
12321:
10000:
9907:
9498:
8559:
4027:
3423:
3168:
3134:
3098:
2709:
2362:
2253:
2171:
1382:
1207:
1069:
978:
712:
497:(around 1600-1700 CE), moose were one of many valuable sources of sustenance for certain
494:
476:
154:
9285:
9269:
A moose in the National Nature Park "Losinyj Ostrov" ("Moose" or "Elk" Island) in Russia
8802:
8661:
7796:
7752:
7582:
7036:
6997:
6867:
5925:
5548:
5507:
5387:
3520:
2869:
1080:
foot, (which have stiff feet lacking dewclawsâoptimized for high-speed running) and the
14053:
13700:
13691:
13063:
13003:
12985:
12967:
12913:
12886:
12877:
12501:
12483:
12417:
12110:
11836:
11313:
11304:
11023:
10457:
9925:
9737:
9719:
9598:
9229:
8830:
8692:"Health and Wellness Public Health Advisory / Hunters and wildlife diseases (05/09/16)"
8530:
7774:
7504:
7228:
7058:
6879:
6633:
6404:
6083:
5937:
5737:
5677:
5621:
5575:
5532:
5116:
5021:
4558:
4531:
4217:
4163:
4148:
4129:
3679:
3419:
3226:
2932:
2901:
2743:
2401:
2383:
2191:
2132:
1851:
1819:
1771:
937:
Antler beam diameter, not the number of tines, indicates age. In North America, moose (
806:
767:
449:
375:
204:
8359:
5778:
3418:
in 1949, a small-scale moose domestication program was started, involving attempts at
1802:, a type of dried jerky used as a source of sustenance in winter or on long journeys.
850:
14541:
14474:
14269:
14149:
13997:
13871:
13834:
13789:
13333:
13324:
13012:
12940:
12868:
12699:
12681:
12534:
11484:
10879:
10870:
10722:
10624:
10403:
10370:
10313:
10183:
9710:
9571:
9236:
9213:
9192:
9173:
9098:
8822:
8814:
8757:
8673:
8669:
8506:
8481:
8065:
7778:
7766:
7687:
7632:
7484:
7320:
7280:
7279:
Heikki Henttonen; Andreas Kranz; Michael Stubbe; Tiit Maran; Alexei Tikhonov (2007).
7278:
7062:
7050:
6883:
6477:
6432:
6373:
5866:
By Ed Readicker-Henderson, Lynn Readicker-Henderson â Hunter Publishing 2006 Page 416
5748:
5669:
5625:
5580:
5412:
5331:
5321:
5252:
5025:
4924:
4797:
4696:
4581:
4563:
4474:
4305:
4271:
4133:
4121:
4085:
4011:
3958:
3895:
2944:
2353:
2316:
2281:
2180:
1971:
1943:
1927:
1755:
927:
860:
743:
739:
484:
14238:
8834:
8612:, Defenders of Wildlife - Protect America's Wildlife (PAW) Act - Aerial hunting FAQs
7590:
7232:
7005:
6087:
5968:
5941:
5681:
4692:
4686:
4221:
4081:
4073:
3265:
Moose carcass, cause of death unknown, at a solid waste transfer facility in Alaska.
14636:
14546:
14532:
14129:
14088:
13944:
13914:
13794:
13727:
13481:
13472:
13351:
13192:
13183:
12976:
12648:
12639:
12587:
12578:
12426:
12399:
12312:
12092:
11700:
11126:
11117:
11107:
11080:
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10670:
9871:
9862:
9853:
9635:
9626:
9562:
9489:
9480:
8806:
8665:
8403:
7990:
7756:
7691:
7628:
7624:
7586:
7220:
7211:
Schnfeld, Fiona (2009). "Presence of moose (Alces alces) in Southeastern Germany".
7164:
7040:
7001:
6951:
6932:
6871:
6804:
6075:
5929:
5661:
5611:
5570:
5560:
5552:
5511:
5108:
5013:
4553:
4543:
4209:
4113:
3538:
3475:
3396:
3308:
in Newfoundland in 2011, but the system proved unreliable and was removed in 2015.
3243:
2797:
2771:
2634:. Mostly found in the forests of eastern Russia. The most common elk subspecies in
2405:
2392:
2222:
area failed; then in 1910 ten moose (four bulls and six cows) were introduced into
1873:
1843:
1735:
1691:
999:
993:
308:
14274:
8919:
7021:"Effects of Winter Ticks and Internal Parasites on Moose Survival in Vermont, USA"
6291:
5492:"Effects of Winter Ticks and Internal Parasites on Moose Survival in Vermont, USA"
3471:
14461:
13924:
13814:
13457:
13448:
13396:
13387:
13168:
12025:
12016:
11493:
11089:
10141:
10051:
9889:
9701:
9580:
9553:
9544:
9275:
9158:
9023:
9003:
8926:
8907:
8695:
8609:
8434:
Franzmann, A. W., LeResche, R. E., Rausch, R. A., & Oldemeyer, J. L. (1978).
8337:
8286:
8124:
8016:
7997:
7902:"DNRE Survey Results Indicate Approximately 433 Moose in Western Upper Peninsula"
7888:
7865:
7846:
7327:
6640:
6621:
6602:
6583:
6564:
5556:
4950:
4791:
4639:
4354:
4334:
4301:
3919:
3796:
3762:
3684:
3662:
3281:
3251:
3044:
2983:
2936:
2914:
2701:
2444:
2184:
1783:
1723:
1707:
1414:
693:
660:
439:
424:
14404:
7695:
7617:
6194:
3735:
The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World
3499:
3414:. Early experiments were inconclusive, but with the creation of a moose farm at
3097:
species in many of the countries where they are found. Moose meat tastes, wrote
2443:
Upper Midwest: Michigan 2000 on Isle Royale (2019) and an estimated 433 (in its
2284:. Some scientists group the moose and all its extinct relatives into one genus,
1428:
Moose with calves being approached by a brown bear, Denali National Park, Alaska
14631:
14321:
14308:
14169:
13972:
13919:
13819:
13799:
13657:
13595:
13225:
13216:
12741:
12690:
12611:
12602:
12543:
12381:
12083:
11905:
11896:
11451:
11418:
11400:
10888:
10698:
10573:
10412:
9400:
9372:
8856:
7685:
5457:
3841:
3391:
3270:
signs have been replaced with imageless generic warning signs in some regions.
3222:
3210:
3145:
3094:
3071:
2574:
2247:
2154:
The East Asian moose populations confine themselves mostly to the territory of
2148:
2117:
2053:
2025:
1960:
1751:
1358:
1342:
1203:
982:
775:
725:
561:
537:
457:
9303:
9268:
8810:
8279:
7340:
7224:
6614:
6079:
6003:, in Jasper National Park, Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 106(1): 126-127.
5933:
5478:
was on three occasions recorded for the first time from SmÄland, south Sweden.
4548:
4213:
4147:
Nygrén, Tuire; Pusenius, Jyrki; Tiilikainend, Raisa; Korpelainen, Jan (2007).
3085:
is commonly found on trails. Some souvenir shops sell bags of it, sealed with
3004:
1898:
672:
in the autumn features energetic fights between males competing for a female.
14615:
14386:
14134:
14108:
14007:
13952:
13899:
13839:
13824:
13809:
13282:
13264:
13150:
13087:
13078:
12137:
11872:
11845:
11616:
11526:
11517:
11502:
11367:
11331:
11286:
11223:
11214:
10731:
10689:
10582:
10548:
10538:
10439:
10421:
10084:
10033:
9943:
9507:
9152:
Alces: A journal devoted to the biology and management of moose (Alces alces)
8818:
7770:
7293:
7054:
6643:. The Christian Science Monitor (February 14, 2007). Retrieved on 2011-01-09.
5773:
5069:. Cand Sci Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
5017:
4125:
3648:
3529:
3447:
3439:
3427:
3288:
3195:
3138:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2992:
2935:. Extinct due to habitat loss and overhunting. Its range would have included
2780:
2759:
2751:
2717:
2693:
2639:
2207:
2041:
1984:
1839:
1835:
1791:
1731:
1679:
1479:
1467:
1285:
1211:
903:
644:
545:
468:
460:
in body mass. Most adult male moose have broad, palmate ("open-hand shaped")
453:
348:
174:
169:
77:
14559:
5335:
1175:, as much as half of its diet usually consists of aquatic plants, including
906:". Blood vessels in the velvet transport nutrients to support antler growth.
812:
The word "moose" had first entered English by 1606 and is borrowed from the
14209:
14164:
14139:
14124:
14073:
13904:
13884:
13676:
13645:
13535:
13207:
13021:
12949:
12822:
12765:
12756:
12474:
12408:
12170:
12128:
12043:
11854:
11574:
11565:
11427:
11358:
11247:
11238:
10980:
10749:
10430:
10385:
10352:
10123:
10015:
9982:
9898:
8900:
8826:
8779:
Number 2, 2004, of Nordic Road & Transport Research. Annotations Sweden
8436:
Alaskan moose measurements and weights and measurement-weight relationships
6258:
6142:
5673:
5584:
5041:"Brown Bear: Wildlife Notebook Series â Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
4567:
4117:
3411:
3407:
3338:
3012:
2837:
2829:
2763:
2705:
1810:
1806:
1795:
1699:
1176:
922:
display dominance, to discourage competition, and to spar or fight rivals.
597:
541:
428:
8677:
6955:
6682:
3918:. Environment and Climate Change Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from
3868:
3836:
2434:
Alaska: The state's Department of Fish and Game estimated 200,000 in 2011.
2260:
616:), and individuals have been documented wandering as far south as western
14466:
14425:
14347:
14248:
14218:
14144:
13844:
13297:
13045:
12207:
12161:
12152:
12101:
12053:
11914:
11756:
11349:
11340:
11168:
10962:
10953:
10943:
10837:
10680:
10490:
10481:
10394:
10237:
10159:
10042:
9967:
9958:
9335:
8034:
6743:
6577:
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife â Moose Hunting Permits
4106:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
3570:
3486:
3467:
3304:
electronic "moose detection system" was installed on two sections of the
3292:
3276:
2767:
2668:
2598:
2273:
2151:
from Sweden. In 2020, this population had increased to about 25 animals.
2077:
2073:
2069:
2057:
1955:
1947:
1926:
Since the 1990s, moose populations have declined dramatically in much of
1858:
1847:
1727:
1703:
950:
882:
655:(rarely, though may take calves), and (rarely, if swimming in the ocean)
525:
281:
261:
52:
6506:. The Portland Press Herald / Maine Sunday Telegram. September 7, 2012.
5665:
4198:"Palmated antlers of moose may serve as a parabolic reflector of sounds"
4167:
3157:
150,000—is twice that of the total moose harvest in North America.
3148:, who emigrated to Canada from the Soviet Union, wrote in his 1999 book
3133:
content, and the fat that is present consists of a higher proportion of
2654:. Similar in size to the western moose of Canada and the United States.
1636:
has at least a small degree of control over which bulls she mates with.
1036:
as well as several other tribes of indigenous peoples of North America.
14572:
14339:
14032:
14027:
13967:
13929:
13889:
12904:
12804:
12629:
12221:
11643:
11625:
11376:
11071:
11056:
11047:
11014:
10791:
10597:
10514:
10505:
10280:
10271:
10150:
10075:
9616:
9437:
8943:
7078:"Climate Change Is Killing New England's Moose. Can Hunters Save Them?"
7045:
7020:
6875:
5565:
5516:
5491:
5120:
3435:
3431:
3239:
2948:
2337:
2265:
1742:). Isolated groups have been verified as far south as the mountains of
1585:
This yearling was probably recently chased away by its pregnant mother.
1522:
1511:
1438:
1374:
1238:
1191:
1109:
974:
910:
742:
or another language of northern Europe. By the 8th century, during the
625:
569:
97:
62:
14352:
7761:
7736:
5616:
3605:
3481:
2785:
2144:
1615:
A bull, disturbed by the photographer, lowers his head and raises his
1498:
663:, aside from calves who remain with their mother until the cow begins
14295:
14017:
14012:
13962:
13934:
13604:
13525:
13378:
13249:
13240:
12714:
12288:
12279:
12264:
12255:
12119:
11691:
11475:
11409:
11295:
10810:
10606:
10295:
10219:
10099:
9650:
9535:
9525:
9419:
9410:
8940:"Highway Driving Conditions â Department of Transportation and Works"
8221:"Status of Regional Moose Populations in European and Asiatic Russia"
8197:
8128:
4978:"Wolf: Wildlife Notebook Series â Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
4738:
4632:
4146:
3697:
3230:
3000:
2825:
2821:
2631:
2566:
2375:
2307:
2294:
2240:
2234:
2223:
2088:
1935:
1715:
1711:
1629:
1600:
1442:
1398:
1366:
1218:
1199:
1085:
1077:
1049:
987:
652:
640:
636:
609:
589:
480:
362:
221:
102:
14180:
13571:
8146:"LietuvÄ
pamÄgo meĆĄkÄnai, o rudiesiems lokiams vietos Äia per maĆŸai"
5911:
5112:
14526:
14300:
14203:
14078:
13977:
13849:
13513:
13141:
12813:
12525:
12363:
12303:
11968:
11667:
11199:
11144:
11032:
10861:
10337:
10328:
10304:
10192:
10066:
9816:
9692:
9388:
9366:
9354:
8968:
7665:
7663:
7427:
5153:
5002:
4953:. Tigrisfoundation.nl (November 13, 1999). Retrieved on 2011-01-09.
4608:
Report of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Calendar Year 1971
3114:
2881:
2817:
2651:
2627:
2578:
2312:
2277:
2219:
2175:
2159:
2125:
2121:
2049:
1939:
1869:
1799:
1747:
1719:
1434:
1334:
1301:
1266:
1105:
1097:
1029:
894:
877: in). The largest of all the races is the Alaskan subspecies (
617:
585:
577:
565:
549:
241:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
6225:"STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF MOOSE IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES"
5094:"Effects of Tree Crushing on Black Bear Predation on Moose Calves"
2675:
region of far eastern Russia, as well as the northeastern part of
2292:
to the living species, placing the fossil species into the genera
1229:
659:. Unlike most other deer species, moose do not form herds and are
14593:
14159:
14154:
14103:
14098:
13909:
13894:
13718:
13553:
13414:
13273:
12663:
12450:
12441:
12354:
12240:
12231:
12203:
11959:
11863:
11827:
11742:
11738:
11709:
11634:
11322:
11195:
11156:
10740:
10657:
10563:
9826:
9776:
9471:
7104:"Ticks are killing 70 percent of moose calves across Maine, N.H."
5339:
4962:
Hayward, M. W., JÄdrzejewski, W., & Jedrzejewska, B. (2012).
3463:
3179:
3110:
3086:
2940:
2905:
2889:
2813:
2801:
2755:
2735:
2643:
2623:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2570:
2554:
2538:
2167:
2140:
2113:
2109:
2097:
2081:
2045:
2033:
2029:
2017:
2009:
1831:
1763:
1759:
1739:
1625:
1616:
1338:
1262:
1254:
1101:
1081:
1073:
1060:
621:
613:
605:
593:
553:
513:
490:
431:
414:
291:
107:
82:
8966:"Moose detection lights being removed, 'not effective' for N.L."
7660:
7133:"Moose in New England face grisly deaths from tick infestations"
6615:
Moose are on the Loose - Connecticut Public Broadcasting Network
2198:) usually grow smaller, while moose in the north and northeast (
2124:, it appears to be having more success migrating south into the
2076:
by the year 1000, from the western Czech Republic by 1300, from
1064:
Long legs allow moose to wade easily through deep water or snow.
14287:
14093:
14068:
14063:
14058:
14022:
13982:
13562:
13131:
13036:
12859:
12849:
12465:
11977:
11817:
11799:
11790:
11676:
11598:
11550:
11541:
10999:
10990:
10925:
10916:
10906:
10828:
10361:
10174:
10024:
9360:
9348:
6229:
Alces: A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Management of Moose
5176:"Wolverine Species Profile, Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
4365:
4363:
3400:
3234:
3187:
3126:
3105:, "like tender beef, with perhaps more flavour; sometimes like
2952:
2893:
2854:
2842:
2739:
2697:
2672:
2610:
2594:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2526:
2333:
2155:
2105:
2065:
2061:
2037:
2021:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1931:
1823:
1775:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1517:
Rutting and mating occurs in September and October. During the
1390:
1317:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1126:
899:
701:
664:
573:
557:
521:
509:
461:
251:
231:
126:
31:
13776:
8409:. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, British Columbia.
7686:
Charalampos Kevrekidis, Dimitris S. Kostopoulos (March 2017).
7018:
6809:"What's devastating the wild moose population in New England?"
5694:
Miquelle, Dale G. "Why don't bull moose eat during the rut?."
5537:
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
5530:
5489:
1857:
In the Midwest U.S., moose are primarily limited to the upper
1373:) can still pose a threat, especially to females with calves.
1330:
957:
14037:
13586:
13544:
13119:
12789:
12780:
12074:
12001:
11992:
11923:
11652:
11607:
11466:
11391:
11271:
11262:
10773:
10764:
9456:
9447:
6902:"Rapid Climate Changes Turn North Woods into Moose Graveyard"
6774:"'Moose die-off' not seen in Yukon, where populations stable"
6402:
6372:
Wolfe, Michael L.; Hersey, Kent R.; Stoner, David C. (2010).
5650:
4657:
Biology by numbers: an encouragement to quantitative thinking
3641:
3202:
3183:
3082:
3035:
2885:
2858:
2805:
2747:
2676:
2561:. No longer present in central and western Europe except for
2163:
1946:
to which moose have not developed a natural defense, such as
1827:
1767:
1195:
1187:
1168:
1033:
1014:
934:
record for the heaviest weight at 36 kilograms (79 lb).
914:
830:; according to early sources, these were likely derived from
735:
716:
648:
581:
529:
9006:. www.ttela.se (December 21, 2010). Retrieved on 2011-01-09.
6532:
Status, Movements, and Habitat Use of Moose in Massachusetts
6470:
STATUS, MOVEMENTS, AND HABITAT USE OF MOOSE IN MASSACHUSETTS
6057:
5802:
5597:
5248:
Killer Whales of the World: Natural History and Conservation
4360:
3972:
3970:
2390:
migrated into North America, giving rise to the stag moose (
2143:
without establishing a population after swimming across the
14002:
12732:
12062:
11950:
11932:
11589:
11442:
10846:
10713:
10529:
9803:
9764:
9151:
8647:
7670:
Morphological Change in Quaternary Mammals of North America
6931:
McCann, N.P.; Moen, R.A.; Harris, T.R. (October 30, 2013).
6138:"Solved: Deer have direct role in death of Minnesota moose"
3512:
3122:
3118:
3106:
3077:
2956:
2897:
2635:
1743:
1596:
1406:
1163:
and other non-grasses, and fresh shoots from trees such as
1160:
1113:
1005:
656:
601:
520:); additionally, substantial numbers of moose are found in
435:
271:
12200:
8525:
8168:"ZespĂłĆ Rewilding Oder Delta nastawia siÄ na powrĂłt Ćosia"
7734:
7655:
Deer of the world: their evolution, behaviour, and ecology
7623:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1â32.
6462:
6460:
5995:
Weaver, J.L., C. Arvidson, and P. Wood. 1992. Two Wolves,
5080:
Use of ungulates by Yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos
4837:
Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology
4327:
Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology
2128:. It is listed under Appendix III of the Bern Convention.
13987:
13342:
11941:
11887:
10819:
10201:
7505:"Deer and deer farming â Introduction and impact of deer"
7454:"Elge formerer sig lystigt: Tre nye elgkalve i Vildmosen"
6853:
6689:. NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation. July 6, 1999.
6567:. Mass.gov (September 20, 2007). Retrieved on 2011-01-09.
6223:
Wattles, David W.; DeStefano, Stephen (13 January 2011).
3967:
3130:
1809:
in the west, cutting off somewhere near the mouth of the
1605:
1270:
8920:
More wildlife fencing to be installed on Route 7 in 2008
6802:
5092:
Schwartz, Charles C. & Franzmann, Albert W. (1983).
4779:. California State department of Education. p. 177.
2000:, moose are currently found in large numbers throughout
11192:
7507:. Te Ara â Encyclopedia of New Zealand. March 1, 2009.
6457:
5411:
by Dr. Luke Hunter. Princeton University Press (2011),
4852:"Researchers take a look at the moose's enigmatic nose"
4650:
4648:
2919:
11735:
9187:
Geist, Valerius; Francis, Michael H. (November 1999).
8788:
1523:
polygynous and will seek several females to breed with
512:, where they can be found in all provinces (excepting
5707:
5245:
Baird, Robert W.; Baird, Robin W. (August 31, 2006).
3019:
The earliest recorded description of the moose is in
2202:) can match the imposing sizes of the Alaskan moose (
1365:) which regularly prey on adult moose, but a pack of
1020:
1017:
9235:(illustrated ed.). Cowles Creative Publishing.
8350:
8348:
8346:
8299:"SÄ mÄnga djur dödas i trafiken varje Är | SvD"
8019:. Riistaweb.riista.fi. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
5470:
Moose bot fly larvae are common parasites of moose (
5285:"Moose-eating shark rescued in Newfoundland harbour"
4645:
3981:. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Archived from
3867:. Jackman, Maine Chamber of Commerce. Archived from
2463:: In 2009, there was a summer population of 115,000.
2396:). The modern moose is thought to have evolved from
2276:. Members of the moose lineage extend back into the
2147:
from Sweden), but in 2016-17 ten were introduced to
1493:
1011:
1002:
9206:Promack, Jennie; Sanker, Thomas J. (June 1, 1992).
7710:"Cervalces latifrons | Natural History Museum"
6290:. Wildlife.utah.gov. April 28, 2006. Archived from
5878:
By Lisa Maloney â The Countryman Press 2010 Page 16
5803:Crichton, Vince; A. T. Bergerud; James-Abra, Erin.
5474:) in north and central Sweden. Last year, however,
4450:. Newfoundland Big Game Hunting. January 17, 2016.
4266:Franzmann, Albert W.; Schwartz, Charles C. (1997).
2305:The earliest known species in the moose lineage is
2288:, while others, such as Augusto Azzaroli, restrict
1643:
1008:
9228:
9119:"SOS - History of the Great Seal and Coat of Arms"
8782:
8503:Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic and civil wars
6023:(Report). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department.
6018:New Hampshire's moose population vs climate change
5736:
5427:Berger, Joel; Swenson, Jon E.; Persson, Inga-Lill
5214:"Gulo gulo â The American Society of Mammalogists"
4419:"Morphology of the skin of moose (Alces alces L.)"
4268:Ecology and Management of the North American Moose
3795:
3761:
2360:was soon followed by a much larger species called
1868:in 1878 and 1904, where they are now the dominant
448:. It is also the tallest, and the second-largest,
9070:"Coat of arms of Ontario â Government of Ontario"
8343:
7366:Cramb, Auslan; Eccleston, Paul (April 14, 2008).
6651:
6649:
6371:
6259:"Moose - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation"
6011:
6009:
5091:
4830:
4828:
4270:. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 97â98.
4265:
3544:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T56003281A22157381.en
1457:is a parasite whose range seems to be spreading.
14613:
8777:Traffic Management for a Sustainable Environment
8501:Caesar, Julius; Hirtius, Aulus (1879). "XXVII".
8257:(in Swedish). jagareforbundet.se. Archived from
8117:"PÔtrade arvukust tahetakse oluliselt vÀhendada"
7849:, p. 6, "How Do Scandinavia and Alaska Compare?"
7341:"Re-Introducing Moose to the Glen â Moose â BBC"
6930:
6222:
5798:
5796:
4976:Long, Nancy; Savikko, Kurt (December 17, 2007).
4881:Cheeke, Peter R.; Dierenfeld, Ellen Sue (2010).
4880:
4296:Bubenik, George A.; Bubenik, Anthony B. (1990).
4242:"Moose's sharp hearing is attributed to antlers"
2218:In 1900, an attempt to introduce moose into the
1206:with a high sugar content, such as white birch,
1171:. As these terrestrial plants are rather low in
902:are covered with a soft, furry covering called "
9333:
7679:
7160:"Ticks devastate Maine, N.H. moose populations"
4472:
4416:
4239:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
3794:
3760:
3518:
3406:Domestication of moose was investigated in the
1782:in 1868, and then to the northern slope of the
1068:As with all members of the order Artiodactyla (
9162:Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research.
8880:"Railroad takes steps to reduce moose crashes"
8860:, August 12, 2007. Accessed November 6, 2009."
8438:. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56(2), 298-306.
7676:- Cambridge University Press 1993 Page 178-181
7650:
7648:
7565:Breda, Marzia; Marchetti, Marco (March 2005).
7564:
7365:
6646:
6480:thesis). University of Massachusetts Amherst.
6006:
5739:The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
5386:. Gi.alaska.edu. June 10, 2004. Archived from
5320:. Calgary: Detselig Enterprises. p. 222.
5238:
4825:
4295:
4196:Bubenik, George A.; Bubenik, Peter G. (2008).
4195:
2987:Two young moose wearing radio tracking collars
2746:and the northeastern United States, including
2131:In 2008, two moose were reintroduced into the
1930:North America, although they remain stable in
1628:) stand up, a charge is usually imminent. The
1571:This calf is almost ready to leave its mother.
13762:
9319:
9205:
8929:, Communications New Brunswick, April 8, 2008
8500:
7478:
7404:. Alladale Wilderness Reserve. Archived from
7333:
7330:". Thelocal.de. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
7321:Wayward elk 'Knutschi' found dead â The Local
5793:
5317:Wolves in Russia: Anxiety throughout the ages
5039:Long, Nancy; Savikko, Kurt (August 7, 2009).
4964:Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris
4714:
4659:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 84â85.
4529:
3977:Long, Nancy; Savikko, Kurt (August 7, 2009).
3957:. The Johns Hopkins University Press (1999),
2999:reveal that moose have been hunted since the
2589:since the 1970s; recently sighted in eastern
2166:. Moose populations are relatively stable in
1758:. In the northwestern US, the range includes
9186:
9097:(in Finnish). Suomen Kunnallisliitto. 1982.
8910:, New Brunswick Department of Transportation
7991:"Big Game Hunting: Moose Season Information"
7531:"Hairs move NZ moose out of realm of Nessie"
7239:
6714:"A Moose Still on the Loose in Eastern Iowa"
5970:v.106 (1992) â The Canadian field-naturalist
5961:
5313:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4050:
3749:An Universal Etymological English Dictionary
3737:. Oxford University Press. pp. 133â134.
3732:
3113:levels similar to those of other comparable
2505:: In 2007, there were approximately 600,000.
2431:: There are estimated to be around 300,000:
1557:Calves stay near their mothers at all times.
1100:. Moose fur consists of four types of hair:
19:"Alces" redirects here. For other uses, see
7960:"Moose Management and Research Plan Update"
7645:
7247:"Elks Make a Dangerous Comeback in Germany"
5902:By Paul Tawrell â Exxa Nature 2007 Page 161
5038:
4975:
4908:on March 1, 2016 – via Juneau Empire.
4898:"Deadly diet of hay can bring down a moose"
4883:Comparative Animal Nutrition and Metabolism
4715:Promack, Jennie; Sanker, Thomas J. (1992).
4678:
4582:"Alces alces, Giant of the Northern Forest"
4008:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
3976:
2965:
2024:, with more modest numbers in the southern
729:
13777:Game animals and shooting in North America
13769:
13755:
9408:
9326:
9312:
8380:Kevin Jackson, 2009, Moose, Reaktion Books
7359:
7157:
6657:"Moose in a Mess? - Defenders of Wildlife"
6586:. Maine.gov. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
6424:
6412:Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
6101:
6099:
6097:
5876:Explorer's Guide 50 Hikes Around Anchorage
5244:
5082:. Biological Conservation, 81(1), 161-177.
4918:
4674:. Patricia Harris-David Lyon. p. 398.
4669:
4357:Joe Viechnicki, KFSK â Petersburg 10-19-09
4291:
4289:
4287:
3558:
2692:Ranges from northeastern Siberia from the
1357:A full-grown moose has few enemies except
1042:
361:
185:
163:
139:
125:
13643:
11115:
8997:MĂ„nga viltolyckor â inget görs â Mellerud
7882:Isle Royale: Wolf & Moose Populations
7760:
7044:
6624:. Cpbn.org. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
6535:. University of Massachusetts MS thesis.
6504:"Survey estimates Maine has 76,000 moose"
6367:
6365:
6195:"Moose | North Dakota Game and Fish"
5615:
5574:
5564:
5515:
4759:
4642:Mooseworld. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
4557:
4547:
4254:
3542:
1682:, the moose range includes almost all of
13524:
10914:
9166:DuTemple, Lesley A. (February 1, 2000).
9165:
8132:June 26, 2013. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
7210:
6711:
6344:"ODFW Oregon Conservation Strategy News"
4789:
4783:
4417:Sokolov, V. E.; Chernova, O. F. (1987).
3889:
3502:, a rare example of a domesticated moose
3480:
3390:
3260:
3076:
3065:
2982:
2974:
2650:and Ussuri elk to the east and northern
2259:
2246:
2233:
2190:The size of the moose varies. Following
1983:
1970:
1921:
1652:
1610:
1497:
1423:
1348:
1329:
1142:
1059:
956:
909:
893:
849:
9815:
9386:
9262:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
8309:from the original on September 25, 2018
8094:(in Latvian). zm.gov.lv. Archived from
8000:, North Dakota Game and Fish Department
7075:
6528:
6466:
6374:"A History of Moose Management in Utah"
6105:
6094:
5443:
4684:
4284:
4071:
4002:
4000:
3677:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
3174:
3150:Moose: Behaviour, Ecology, Conservation
2646:. Its range excludes the ranges of the
2229:
14614:
9533:
9226:
9189:Moose: Behavior, Ecology, Conservation
9129:from the original on 29 September 2021
8975:from the original on November 23, 2015
8762:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
8629:from the original on November 10, 2009
8535:"Pliny the Elder, The Natural History"
8505:. Harper & brothers. p. 154.
8473:
8416:from the original on December 22, 2014
8235:from the original on February 26, 2018
8218:
8186:
7972:from the original on November 13, 2018
7840:Interior Alaska Moose News (Fall 2011)
7613:
7611:
7560:
7558:
7556:
7368:"Moose to roam free again in Scotland"
7274:
7272:
7257:from the original on December 25, 2012
7158:MacQuarrie, Brian (January 13, 2017).
6983:
6965:from the original on November 13, 2018
6899:
6784:from the original on December 30, 2014
6605:. (PDF). Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
6362:
6118:from the original on December 10, 2013
5437:
5382:Are ravens responsible for wolf packs?
5307:
5130:from the original on December 17, 2008
4966:. Journal of Zoology, 286(3), 221-231.
4777:The Land and Wildlife of North America
4670:Harris, Patricia; Lyon, David (1999).
4654:
4530:Bro-JĂžrgensen, Jakob (December 2016).
4473:Sokolov, V.E.; Chernova, O.F. (1987).
3201:advises hunters not to consume cervid
1864:Moose were successfully introduced on
1850:and appeared headed south towards the
1341:, depicting a moose being hunted by a
1133:
14185:
14184:
13750:
13642:
13511:
13510:
13116:
12199:
11734:
11191:
10653:
9799:
9385:
9307:
9282:"North American Mammals: Alces alces"
8942:. www.roads.gov.nl.ca. Archived from
8174:from the original on 15 December 2021
8072:from the original on December 1, 2017
8042:from the original on November 6, 2016
7908:from the original on October 29, 2013
7716:from the original on November 2, 2012
7541:from the original on November 5, 2020
7511:from the original on December 4, 2011
7472:
7213:European Journal of Wildlife Research
7172:from the original on January 16, 2017
6754:from the original on January 11, 2011
6539:from the original on December 2, 2013
6510:from the original on December 2, 2013
6484:from the original on December 2, 2013
6288:"Utah Division of Wildlife Resources"
6068:European Journal of Wildlife Research
5841:. wildlife.alaska.gov. Archived from
5380:"Alaska Science Forum, June 10, 2004
5372:
5291:. Canadian Broatcasting Corporation.
5206:
4895:
4834:
4588:from the original on February 8, 2018
4202:European Journal of Wildlife Research
4177:from the original on October 12, 2021
3733:Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006).
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3225:of a moose is above the hood of most
3216:
3192:Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
774:. Later, the species became known in
473:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
405:: 'moose'; used in North America) or
14599:4F0FAD83-B0C4-49AC-8401-866252DF8D58
14454:865dcb94-6b66-49ba-97a7-01c3a0261fa5
14327:29d8f33f-e445-42b7-b711-3d35b2b7d1ae
10951:
8719:Food Additives and Contamination, 20
8474:Wrobel, Murray (November 18, 2006).
8358:. Bear Creek Journal. Archived from
7728:
7460:from the original on 29 January 2023
7434:from the original on 16 January 2023
6445:from the original on October 9, 2013
6431:. Spinner Publications. p. 14.
6314:"Oregon moose population is booming"
6239:from the original on 4 November 2023
5734:
4774:
4511:from the original on October 2, 2018
4454:from the original on January 4, 2017
3997:
3823:participating institution membership
3782:participating institution membership
1872:, and somewhat less successfully on
1325:
1088:is about twice that of the caribou.
14622:IUCN Red List least concern species
9800:
8901:Moose-Vehicle Collision Information
8852:Ălgsafari lockar tusentals turister
8744:from the original on March 11, 2012
8152:. February 10, 2017. Archived from
7608:
7553:
7481:The handbook of New Zealand mammals
7294:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
7269:
6933:"Warm-season heat stress in moose (
6912:from the original on 8 January 2018
6712:Franzman, Dave (December 5, 2013).
6634:Forests lure moose to Massachusetts
6425:Cappelloni, Nancy (November 2002).
6324:from the original on April 17, 2010
6150:from the original on April 20, 2019
5977:from the original on 22 August 2021
5973:. Vol. 106. 21 February 1992.
5914:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
5696:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
5101:Bears: Their Biology and Management
4912:
4810:from the original on March 28, 2023
4112:(1341): 251â255. 22 December 1993.
3690:
3530:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2866:Shiras' moose or Yellowstone moose
2573:, with a certain population in the
2272:Moose are members of the subfamily
2158:, with much smaller populations in
2036:. They are also widespread through
1790:In northeastern North America, the
410:
402:
148:A cow (female) moose in Alaska, US
13:
13858:
13117:
10654:
9299:National Museum of Natural History
9144:
9017:"Har Àlgar tÀmjts till kavalleri?"
8886:. January 28, 2008. Archived from
8560:"Moose, meat, raw (Alaska Native)"
7859:"Wyoming moose numbers fall short"
7347:from the original on 29 April 2009
7190:Samuel, W. M. "Grooming by moose (
7113:from the original on June 22, 2018
7076:Kusnetz, Nicholas (May 29, 2017).
7025:The Journal of Wildlife Management
6856:The Journal of Wildlife Management
6819:from the original on April 8, 2014
6693:from the original on July 28, 2011
5708:DW Hartt, Data; Coordinator, Web.
5496:The Journal of Wildlife Management
5265:from the original on July 21, 2011
5043:. Adfg.state.ak.us. Archived from
4980:. Adfg.state.ak.us. Archived from
4796:. Toronto: University of Toronto.
4475:"Morphology of the skin of moose (
4448:"Big Game Hunting in Newfoundland"
4423:Swedish Wildlife Research (Sweden)
4240:James Randerson (March 20, 2008).
3714:from the original on March 9, 2021
3622:from the original on March 9, 2021
3591:
3579:from the original on 10 April 2024
3171:and a crash in these populations.
3033:There are also , which are called
2734:Eastern Canada, including eastern
2607:Yakutia, Mid-Siberian or Lena elk
1988:Staged picture of a moose hunt in
1966:
1125:Both male and female moose have a
790:, appearing in the Latinized form
134:A bull (male) moose in Alaska, US
14:
14683:
9250:
8566:from the original on May 21, 2008
7621:Handbook of the Mammals of Europe
7139:from the original on May 20, 2018
7084:from the original on May 20, 2018
6596:Connecticut Wildlife Sep/Oct 2004
6428:Cranberry Cooking for All Seasons
6350:from the original on July 6, 2013
6172:. 2 December 2014. Archived from
6108:"Moose Die-Off Alarms Scientists"
6106:Robbins, Jim (October 14, 2013).
6030:from the original on May 16, 2018
6015:
5295:from the original on May 23, 2016
4862:from the original on May 18, 2014
4849:
4764:. Stoeger Publishing. p. 84.
4614:from the original on 16 July 2023
4507:. britannica.com. July 23, 1999.
4038:from the original on 1 March 2024
3979:"Moose: Wildlife Notebook Series"
3726:
3182:levels are high in Finnish moose
1980:BiebrzaĆski Park Narodowy, Poland
1826:. South of the CanadaâUS border,
1494:Social structure and reproduction
738:, words probably borrowed from a
9111:
9087:
9062:
9033:
9009:
8987:
8958:
8932:
8913:
8894:
8872:
8863:
8841:
8770:
8724:
8710:
8684:
8650:Science of the Total Environment
8641:
8615:
8596:
8578:
8552:
8519:
8494:
8477:Elsevier's Dictionary of Mammals
8467:
8441:
8428:
8396:
8383:
8374:
8321:
8291:
8273:
8247:
8212:
8160:
8138:
8110:
8084:
8054:
8022:
8003:
7984:
7952:
7920:
7894:
7875:
7852:
7833:
7811:
7785:
7702:
7657:By Valerius Geist - Page 244-250
7523:
7497:
7446:
7420:
7390:
7313:
7204:
7184:
7151:
7125:
7096:
7069:
7012:
6977:
6924:
6847:
6831:
6796:
6766:
6736:
6705:
6675:
6627:
6608:
6589:
6570:
6551:
6522:
6496:
6418:
6396:
6336:
6306:
6280:
6251:
6216:
5632:from the original on 17 May 2022
5251:. Voyageur Press. pp. 23â.
4896:Mowry, Tim (December 26, 2003).
4074:"Appearance and characteristics"
3386:
3374:
3362:
3346:
3331:
3319:
3089:and labeled with humorous names.
2918:
2868:
2841:
2820:(the Upper Peninsula), northern
2784:
2721:
2609:
2525:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1669:
1644:Habitat, range, and distribution
1576:
1562:
1548:
1534:
1309:
1293:
1278:
1237:
1228:
998:
766:and possibly connected with the
208:
50:
9678:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
9076:from the original on 2005-09-20
9051:from the original on 2020-06-26
8330:A guide to the mammals of China
7597:from the original on 2022-10-16
7591:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.05.005
7006:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.07.012
6269:from the original on 2023-09-13
6205:from the original on 2023-11-05
6187:
6162:
6130:
6051:
6042:
5989:
5948:
5905:
5900:Wilderness Camping & Hiking
5893:
5881:
5869:
5857:
5831:
5822:
5761:
5728:
5701:
5688:
5644:
5591:
5524:
5483:
5421:
5402:
5346:
5289:CBC Newfoundland & Labrador
5277:
5197:
5186:from the original on 2022-04-16
5168:
5150:"Hinterland Who's Who â Cougar"
5142:
5085:
5072:
5059:
5032:
4996:
4969:
4956:
4937:
4889:
4874:
4843:
4839:. Stackpole Books. p. 237.
4768:
4762:North American big-game animals
4753:
4723:
4708:
4663:
4626:
4600:
4574:
4523:
4497:
4466:
4440:
4410:
4401:
4392:
4383:
4373:
4348:It's a Bull Moose...No a Cow...
4341:
4318:
4228:from the original on 2020-03-14
4189:
4140:
4097:
4020:
4010:. Sterling Pub Co Inc. (1983),
3947:
3934:
3908:
3883:
3857:
3829:
3788:
3485:A moose in the coat of arms of
3199:Department of Natural Resources
2659:Ussuri, Amur or Manchurian elk
2174:. In Mongolia and China, where
2100:river valley, Kampinos, and in
1091:
10467:Central American red brocket (
7904:. Michigan.gov. May 25, 2017.
7629:10.1007/978-3-319-65038-8_23-1
6900:Cusick, Daniel (18 May 2012).
5864:Adventure Guide Alaska Highway
4790:Peterson, Randolph L. (1955).
3754:
3741:
3668:
3634:
3029:, where it is described thus:
2684:Chukotka or East Siberian elk
2411:
2213:
1504:Kenai National Wildlife Refuge
1261:(concentrate selectors). Like
845:
798:borrowed directly from Latin:
1:
9030:, no 5. Visited May 17, 2010.
8623:"All-clear for Finnish foods"
8340:. Princeton University Press.
8305:. Svd.se. December 29, 2003.
7430:. Dansk Pattedyratlas. 2007.
5745:Smithsonian Institution Press
5444:Jaenson, Thomas G.T. (2011).
3955:Walker's Mammals of the World
3506:
2704:basins and south through the
2593:(the range formerly included
2515:
2475:: in 2015, there were 21,000.
2352:during the first half of the
2060:, the moose disappeared from
1590:
1096:Moose skin is typical of the
11174:Large subfamily listed below
11162:Large subfamily listed below
11150:Large subfamily listed below
8670:10.1016/0048-9697(88)90165-9
5654:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
5557:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.04.012
5384:Article #1702 by Ned Rozell"
5356:. Nwf.org:80. Archived from
4921:Feline Behaviour and Welfare
4028:"World Record Moose Hunting"
3751:Royal Exchange. Page EL--EM.
3416:Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve
3357:) crossing a road in Alaska.
3287:In the Canadian province of
3026:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
1961:human-induced climate change
1460:
680:
456:, falling short only of the
7:
14672:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
9669:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
9660:Indian spotted chevrotain (
8404:"Moose in British Columbia"
8336:September 19, 2015, at the
8196:. Lhnet.org. Archived from
7696:10.13140/RG.2.2.24751.53928
7479:Caroline King, ed. (1995).
7196:Canadian Journal of Zoology
7135:. Pri.org. March 18, 2017.
6944:Canadian Journal of Zoology
6748:Newfoundland Coastal Safari
5219:. smith.edu. Archived from
4655:Burton, Richard F. (1998).
4333:September 23, 2021, at the
3493:
3453:
2194:, population in the south (
2137:Alladale Wilderness Reserve
1490:, lungworm, and roundworm.
746:, the species was known as
675:
413:: 'elk' or 'elks'; used in
10:
14688:
14627:NatureServe secure species
8219:Baskin, Leonid M. (2009).
7928:"2010 Aerial Moose Survey"
7845:February 20, 2016, at the
7571:Quaternary Science Reviews
7456:. Nordjyske. 2 June 2020.
7201:, no. 5 (1991): 1255-1260.
6467:Wattles, David W. (2011).
6170:"Moose population decline"
6062:) and reintroduced bison (
5698:27, no. 2 (1990): 145-151.
4902:Fairbanks Daily News-Miner
4719:. Gibbs Smith. p. 21.
4638:November 25, 2010, at the
4338:. Stackpole Books. p. 244.
4080:, Voyager Press, pp.
3642:
3061:
2979:A moose and its reflection
2970:
2638:. Its range goes from the
1648:
977:, either by accidental or
889:
717:
715:, the animal was known as
423:) is the world's tallest,
29:
18:
14662:Mammals described in 1758
14516:
14193:
14117:
14046:
13943:
13870:
13856:
13782:
13717:
13689:
13665:
13656:
13652:
13638:
13605:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
13596:Domestic Bactrian camel (
13584:
13533:
13520:
13506:
13470:
13446:
13422:
13413:
13295:
13262:
13238:
13205:
13181:
13160:North Sulawesi babirusa (
13139:
13130:
13126:
13112:
13076:
13034:
12857:
12848:
12802:
12778:
12754:
12712:
12661:
12637:
12628:
12600:
12576:
12569:
12523:
12463:
12439:
12352:
12301:
12277:
12253:
12229:
12220:
12216:
12195:
12150:
12051:
12042:
12014:
11990:
11885:
11825:
11816:
11788:
11764:
11755:
11751:
11730:
11689:
11665:
11587:
11563:
11539:
11515:
11464:
11440:
11389:
11284:
11260:
11236:
11212:
11208:
11187:
11167:
11155:
11143:
11106:
11069:
11045:
11012:
10988:
10979:
10942:
10905:
10859:
10799:
10790:
10762:
10711:
10678:
10669:
10665:
10649:
10595:
10561:
10527:
10503:
10479:
10449:Amazonian brown brocket (
10383:
10350:
10326:
10293:
10269:
10245:
10236:
10172:
10121:
10097:
10064:
10013:
9980:
9956:
9824:
9811:
9795:
9782:Large family listed below
9775:
9770:Large family listed below
9763:
9747:Williamson's mouse-deer (
9690:
9648:
9624:
9615:
9524:
9469:
9445:
9436:
9399:
9395:
9381:
9343:
9227:Strong, Paul (May 1998).
8925:January 17, 2011, at the
8906:January 14, 2007, at the
8811:10.1007/s00267-018-1058-x
7996:November 9, 2011, at the
7698:– via ResearchGate.
7225:10.1007/s10344-009-0272-5
6839:Wildlife Society Bulletin
6639:November 8, 2010, at the
6582:October 15, 2007, at the
6080:10.1007/s10344-018-1184-z
5934:10.1007/s00265-011-1234-y
5809:The Canadian Encyclopedia
4760:Dalrymple, Byron (1983).
4691:, Voyager Press, p.
4549:10.1186/s12983-016-0165-x
4483:Swedish Wildlife Research
4353:January 20, 2012, at the
4214:10.1007/s10344-007-0165-4
4156:Annales Zoologici Fennici
3944:. Mammalian Species, 1-7.
3940:Franzmann, A. W. (1981).
3894:. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
3842:Dictionary.com Unabridged
3803:Oxford English Dictionary
3769:Oxford English Dictionary
3707:Oxford English Dictionary
3615:Oxford English Dictionary
3460:Newfoundland and Labrador
3426:, which had a herd of 33
3301:Newfoundland and Labrador
3043:In book 8, chapter 16 of
2400:at around the end of the
2238:An artist's rendition of
1780:Yellowstone National Park
1543:Calves nursing in spring.
1120:
1055:
381:
374:
369:
360:
337:
330:
205:Scientific classification
203:
183:
161:
152:
147:
138:
133:
124:
48:Late Pleistocene â Recent
41:
14657:Mammals of North America
11846:Domestic water buffalo (
10211:Central Asian red deer (
9836:Bornean yellow muntjac (
9095:Suomen kunnallisvaakunat
9015:Björklöf, Sune. (1995).
8791:Environmental Management
7795:. Hww.ca. Archived from
7672:by Robert Allen Martin,
6601:August 11, 2010, at the
5152:. Hww.ca. Archived from
5018:10.2192/URSUS-D-22-00007
4949:August 17, 2011, at the
4923:. CABI. pp. 72â77.
4835:Geist, Valerius (1998).
3890:Robinson, Bruce (2019).
3865:"Moose Facts from Maine"
3537:: e.T56003281A22157381.
3519:Hundertmark, K. (2016).
2966:Relationship with humans
2642:in the west and most of
2404:to the beginning of the
1353:Moose attacked by wolves
534:contiguous United States
30:Not to be confused with
12724:Bates' pygmy antelope (
12511:Soemmerring's gazelle (
10616:Yucatan brown brocket (
9845:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
9729:Philippine mouse-deer (
9191:. Voyageur Press (MN).
9172:. Lerner Publications.
7891:, National Park Service
7864:April 30, 2017, at the
7741:Journal of Biogeography
6529:Wattles, David (2011).
5409:Carnivores of the World
5078:Mattson, D. J. (1997).
3808:Oxford University Press
3774:Oxford University Press
3747:Bailey, Nathan (1731).
3658:A GreekâEnglish Lexicon
3618:(2nd ed.). 1989 .
3109:". While the flesh has
2487:: around 14,000 in 2016
2264:Replica of an American
1770:, and smaller areas of
1750:and as far west as the
1698:, northern and eastern
1419:Somniosus microcephalus
1269:), moose cannot digest
1186:Moose lack upper front
1138:
1043:Proboscis and olfaction
771:
751:
688:is called a "moose" in
532:having the most of the
16:Largest species of deer
13983:Cougar (mountain lion)
13864:
13434:White-lipped peccary (
13370:Philippine warty pig (
12995:Yellow-backed duiker (
12959:Black-fronted duiker (
12932:White-bellied duiker (
12553:Przewalski's gazelle (
11776:Four-horned antelope (
10574:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
10133:Visayan spotted deer (
9992:European fallow deer (
9935:Northern red muntjac (
9881:Southern red muntjac (
9022:July 14, 2011, at the
9002:July 19, 2011, at the
8890:on September 28, 2008.
8608:July 12, 2010, at the
8285:June 20, 2012, at the
8280:salenalgen.se Om Àlgar
8123:June 27, 2013, at the
8066:Statistisk sentralbyrÄ
8015:July 24, 2010, at the
7793:"Hinterland Who's Who"
7080:. InsideClimate News.
6844:, no. 1 (2017): 88-97.
6620:June 22, 2010, at the
5890:Aug 2002 â Page 75--77
4672:Journey to New England
4324:Geist, Valerius (1998)
4118:10.1098/rspb.1993.0154
3710:(3rd ed.). 2012.
3490:
3403:
3266:
3255:
3247:
3159:
3093:Moose are hunted as a
3090:
3074:
3059:
3041:
2988:
2980:
2269:
2257:
2244:
2170:and increasing on the
2093:Kampinos National Park
1993:
1981:
1878:Gulf of Saint Lawrence
1658:
1620:
1507:
1429:
1363:Panthera tigris tigris
1354:
1346:
1151:
1065:
986:numerous pearl-shaped
966:
918:
907:
855:
799:
730:
690:North American English
479:, thriving in cooler,
25:Alces (disambiguation)
21:Moose (disambiguation)
14488:Paleobiology Database
13862:
13614:Wild Bactrian camel (
13316:Bornean bearded pig (
13307:Palawan bearded pig (
12896:White-legged duiker (
12322:Red-fronted gazelle (
10001:Persian fallow deer (
9917:Roosevelt's muntjac (
9590:Himalayan musk deer (
9499:Reticulated giraffe (
8971:. February 10, 2015.
8625:. Food Quality News.
8592:on February 13, 2009.
7253:. September 3, 2012.
6956:10.1139/cjz-2013-0175
6563:June 8, 2010, at the
5999:, killed by a Moose,
5954:US Fed News Service,
5460:on September 27, 2011
5314:Graves, Will (2007).
5156:on September 26, 2010
4685:Rodgers, Art (2001),
4072:Rodgers, Art (2001),
3649:Liddell, Henry George
3484:
3448:moose-mounted cavalry
3394:
3264:
3154:
3080:
3069:
3055:
3031:
2986:
2978:
2810:Northwest Territories
2311:, which lived in the
2263:
2250:
2237:
1987:
1974:
1922:Decline in population
1656:
1614:
1501:
1470:of moose include the
1427:
1352:
1333:
1316:Bull moose browses a
1149:
1063:
960:
913:
897:
853:
14322:Fauna Europaea (new)
13835:Snipe (common snipe)
13815:Ring-necked pheasant
13701:Pygmy hippopotamus (
13361:Oliver's warty pig (
12986:Red-flanked duiker (
12391:Erlanger's gazelle (
12111:Harnessed bushbuck (
11837:Wild water buffalo (
11314:East Caucasian tur (
11305:West Caucasian tur (
10458:Little red brocket (
9926:Truong Son muntjac (
9738:Vietnam mouse-deer (
9720:Greater mouse-deer (
9599:Siberian musk deer (
9209:Seasons of the Moose
9169:North American Moose
8389:Jackson, K. (2009).
8255:"jagareforbundet.se"
8156:on January 10, 2019.
8062:"Elgjakt, 2015/2016"
8030:"Elgen truer skogen"
7355:– via YouTube.
7289:(Europe assessment)"
7109:. January 13, 2017.
6986:Ecological Modelling
6780:. October 16, 2013.
5710:"Moose Reproduction"
5456:(16). Archived from
5390:on November 24, 2010
5047:on November 29, 2009
4984:on November 15, 2010
4858:. Associated Press.
4793:North American Moose
4775:Farb, Peter (1966).
4741:on November 25, 2010
4717:Seasons of the Moose
4584:. bioweb.uwlax.edu.
4536:Frontiers in Zoology
4032:moosehuntinginfo.com
3985:on November 30, 2009
3871:on September 3, 2009
3474:municipalities. The
3326:Norwegian road sign.
3306:Trans-Canada Highway
3175:Consumption of offal
3135:polyunsaturated fats
2358:Cervalces carnutorum
2349:Cervalces carnutorum
2230:Evolutionary history
2206:) and are prized by
1854:, a former habitat.
1300:Bull moose eating a
814:Algonquian languages
794:, with the spelling
518:Prince Edward Island
13830:Sharp-tailed grouse
13800:Hungarian partridge
13334:Celebes warty pig (
13325:Visayan warty pig (
12941:Red forest duiker (
12673:GĂŒnther's dik-dik (
12535:Mongolian gazelle (
12340:Heuglin's gazelle (
12331:Thomson's gazelle (
11485:Long-tailed goral (
10880:Mountain reedbuck (
10871:Southern reedbuck (
10723:East African oryx (
10625:White-tailed deer (
10404:Small red brocket (
10371:South Andean deer (
10314:Siberian roe deer (
10305:European roe deer (
10142:Philippine sambar (
10109:PĂšre David's deer (
9711:Lesser mouse-deer (
9572:Kashmir musk deer (
8803:2018EnMan..62..518Z
8662:1988ScTEn..71..173G
8603:Aerial Hunting FAQs
8261:on December 3, 2013
7753:2020JBiog..47.2223M
7674:Anthony D. Barnosky
7583:2005QSRv...24..775B
7537:. October 6, 2005.
7408:on January 19, 2012
7378:on January 27, 2010
7301:: e.T41782A10539156
7037:2021JWMan..85.1423D
6998:2011EcMod.222.3355R
6908:. Springer Nature.
6906:Scientific American
6868:2021JWMan..85..156F
6724:on December 9, 2013
6346:. Dfw.state.or.us.
6320:. August 21, 2006.
6146:. 7 November 2017.
5926:2011BEcoS..65.2251B
5845:on November 5, 2009
5781:on December 7, 2009
5666:10.7589/2014-02-037
5549:2021IJPPW..15..120R
5508:2021JWMan..85.1423D
5180:www.adfg.alaska.gov
5065:Opseth, O. (1998).
4919:Frasef, A. (2012).
4885:. CABI. p. 24.
3806:(Online ed.).
3772:(Online ed.).
3424:Kostroma Moose Farm
3369:Canadian road sign.
3169:habitat destruction
3099:Henry David Thoreau
2955:and North and West
2710:Kamchatka Peninsula
2398:Cervalces latifrons
2388:Cervalces latifrons
2368:Cervalces latifrons
2363:Cervalces latifrons
2254:Cervalces latifrons
2172:Kamchatka Peninsula
1756:Washington Cascades
1446:fully-grown moose.
1134:Ecology and biology
1070:even-toed ungulates
973:If a bull moose is
713:Classical Antiquity
670:Their mating season
477:Northern Hemisphere
388:Linnaeus, 1758
155:Conservation status
14054:American alligator
13865:
13482:Collared peccary (
13352:Flores warty pig (
13193:Giant forest hog (
13055:Maxwell's duiker (
12977:Ruwenzori duiker (
12923:Jentink's duiker (
12832:Sharpe's grysbok (
12588:Tibetan antelope (
12493:Bright's gazelle (
12427:Goitered gazelle (
12400:Mountain gazelle (
12373:Cuvier's gazelle (
12313:Mongalla gazelle (
11701:Pyrenean chamois (
11127:Tibetan antelope (
11081:Black wildebeest (
9908:Reeves's muntjac (
9872:Sumatran muntjac (
9863:Gongshan muntjac (
9636:Water chevrotain (
9563:Alpine musk deer (
9490:Southern giraffe (
9481:Northern giraffe (
9274:2013-07-23 at the
9231:Wild Moose Country
9157:2012-03-20 at the
9045:collections.mun.ca
8562:. Nutrition Data.
8531:Henry Thomas Riley
8098:on October 6, 2015
7887:2021-04-08 at the
7326:2011-05-14 at the
7046:10.1002/jwmg.22101
6876:10.1002/jwmg.21963
6294:on October 5, 2007
5888:Field & Stream
5735:Ruff, Sue (1999).
5517:10.1002/jwmg.22101
5342:on August 2, 2009.
4304:. pp. 79â81.
3953:Nowak, Ronald W.,
3922:on January 2, 2008
3680:A Latin Dictionary
3491:
3478:features a moose.
3420:selective breeding
3404:
3399:and is located in
3381:Finnish road sign.
3267:
3217:Vehicle collisions
3091:
3075:
3007:, adjacent to the
2989:
2981:
2933:Caucasus Mountains
2744:Atlantic Provinces
2696:basin east to the
2618:A. a. pfizenmayeri
2402:Middle Pleistocene
2384:Middle Pleistocene
2344:Libralces gallicus
2321:Libralces gallicus
2308:Libralces gallicus
2270:
2258:
2245:
2241:Libralces gallicus
2133:Scottish Highlands
1994:
1982:
1892:Cow and bull moose
1852:Catskill Mountains
1820:Canadian Maritimes
1659:
1621:
1508:
1472:moose nose bot fly
1437:, causing massive
1430:
1355:
1347:
1156:browsing herbivore
1152:
1066:
967:
919:
908:
856:
807:Continental Europe
700:, also called the
692:, but an "elk" in
485:subarctic climates
14667:Symbols of Alaska
14652:Mammals of Europe
14609:
14608:
14475:Open Tree of Life
14187:Taxon identifiers
14178:
14177:
14150:Waterfowl hunting
13998:White-tailed deer
13863:Waterfowl hunters
13744:
13743:
13740:
13739:
13736:
13735:
13713:
13712:
13634:
13633:
13630:
13629:
13626:
13625:
13502:
13501:
13498:
13497:
13494:
13493:
13458:Chacoan peccary (
13409:
13408:
13397:Javan warty pig (
13388:Timor warty pig (
13195:H. meinertzhageni
13169:Togian babirusa (
13108:
13107:
13104:
13103:
13100:
13099:
13064:Walter's duiker (
13004:Abbott's duiker (
12968:Ogilby's duiker (
12914:Harvey's duiker (
12878:Brooke's duiker (
12844:
12843:
12624:
12623:
12565:
12564:
12502:Peter's gazelle (
12484:Grant's gazelle (
12418:Speke's gazelle (
12191:
12190:
12187:
12186:
12183:
12182:
12068:
12038:
12037:
12026:African buffalo (
11857:B. depressicornis
11812:
11811:
11726:
11725:
11722:
11721:
11494:Himalayan goral (
11316:C. cylindricornis
11183:
11182:
11179:
11178:
11139:
11138:
11102:
11101:
11090:Blue wildebeest (
11024:Common tsessebe (
10975:
10974:
10938:
10937:
10901:
10900:
10813:K. ellipsiprymnus
10786:
10785:
10645:
10644:
10641:
10640:
10637:
10636:
10585:P. mephistophiles
10541:P. mephistophiles
10232:
10231:
9928:M. truongsonensis
9890:Pu Hoat muntjac (
9791:
9790:
9787:
9786:
9759:
9758:
9702:Java mouse-deer (
9611:
9610:
9581:Black musk deer (
9554:Dwarf musk deer (
9545:Anhui musk deer (
9520:
9519:
9483:G. camelopardalis
9432:
9431:
9242:978-1-55971-638-3
9219:978-0-87905-455-7
9198:978-0-89658-422-8
9179:978-1-57505-426-1
8512:978-0-217-45287-8
8487:978-0-08-048882-0
8393:. Reaktion Books.
8303:Svenska Dagbladet
8170:. 31 March 2021.
8068:. 18 March 2016.
7940:on August 8, 2017
7829:on July 24, 2011.
7799:on April 24, 2013
7762:10.1111/jbi.13935
7747:(10): 2223â2234.
7638:978-3-319-65038-8
7490:978-0-19-558320-5
7343:. 24 April 2009.
6992:(18): 3355â3365.
6807:(April 7, 2014).
6663:on August 4, 2010
6558:Living With Moose
6438:978-0-932027-71-9
6318:The Seattle Times
6016:Rines, Kristine.
5920:(12): 2251â2260.
5754:978-1-56098-845-8
5716:on April 24, 2008
5617:10.2981/wlb.00619
5434:September 2, 2001
5417:978-0-691-15228-8
5327:978-1-55059-332-7
5258:978-0-7603-2654-1
4930:978-1-84593-926-7
4702:978-0-89658-521-8
4485:. Suppl.: 367â375
4311:978-1-4613-8968-2
4091:978-0-89658-521-8
4016:978-0-85112-235-9
3963:978-0-8018-5789-8
3901:978-1-135-28597-5
3821:(Subscription or
3780:(Subscription or
3003:. Excavations in
2963:
2962:
2828:and northeastern
2354:Early Pleistocene
2317:Early Pleistocene
2298:(stag moose) and
2282:Early Pleistocene
2162:and Northeastern
2102:BiaĆowieĆŒa Forest
1944:white-tailed deer
1510:Moose are mostly
1482:of moose include
1326:Natural predators
1147:
754:derived from the
744:Early Middle Ages
740:Germanic language
698:Cervus canadensis
639:of moose include
624:and northwestern
483:areas as well as
395:
394:
312:
198:
178:
14679:
14602:
14601:
14589:
14588:
14576:
14575:
14563:
14562:
14550:
14549:
14537:
14536:
14535:
14509:
14508:
14496:
14495:
14483:
14482:
14470:
14469:
14457:
14456:
14447:
14446:
14434:
14433:
14421:
14420:
14408:
14407:
14395:
14394:
14382:
14381:
14369:
14368:
14356:
14355:
14343:
14342:
14330:
14329:
14317:
14316:
14304:
14303:
14291:
14290:
14278:
14277:
14265:
14264:
14252:
14251:
14242:
14241:
14229:
14228:
14227:
14214:
14213:
14212:
14182:
14181:
14130:Big-game hunting
13915:Northern pintail
13771:
13764:
13757:
13748:
13747:
13663:
13662:
13654:
13653:
13640:
13639:
13531:
13530:
13522:
13521:
13508:
13507:
13420:
13419:
13226:Common warthog (
13217:Desert warthog (
13137:
13136:
13128:
13127:
13114:
13113:
13013:Weyns's duiker (
12887:Peters' duiker (
12869:Aders's duiker (
12855:
12854:
12742:Royal antelope (
12700:Salt's dik-dik (
12691:Silver dik-dik (
12682:Kirk's dik-dik (
12635:
12634:
12612:Saiga antelope (
12574:
12573:
12513:N. soemmerringii
12382:Dorcas gazelle (
12227:
12226:
12218:
12217:
12211:
12197:
12196:
12084:Mountain nyala (
12067:
12066:
12058:
12049:
12048:
12004:P. nghetinhensis
11906:European bison (
11897:American bison (
11823:
11822:
11762:
11761:
11753:
11752:
11746:
11732:
11731:
11608:Domestic sheep (
11452:Himalayan tahr (
11419:Mainland serow (
11401:Japanese serow (
11210:
11209:
11203:
11189:
11188:
11113:
11112:
10986:
10985:
10949:
10948:
10912:
10911:
10889:Bohor reedbuck (
10797:
10796:
10776:A. nasomaculatus
10699:Sable antelope (
10676:
10675:
10667:
10666:
10660:
10651:
10650:
10413:Merida brocket (
10243:
10242:
10184:Thorold's deer (
10036:A. calamianensis
9919:M. rooseveltorum
9865:M. gongshanensis
9822:
9821:
9813:
9812:
9806:
9797:
9796:
9622:
9621:
9531:
9530:
9510:G. tippelskirchi
9443:
9442:
9406:
9405:
9397:
9396:
9383:
9382:
9328:
9321:
9314:
9305:
9304:
9296:
9294:
9293:
9284:. Archived from
9265:
9246:
9234:
9223:
9202:
9183:
9139:
9138:
9136:
9134:
9123:www.michigan.gov
9115:
9109:
9108:
9091:
9085:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9066:
9060:
9059:
9057:
9056:
9037:
9031:
9028:PopulÀr Historia
9013:
9007:
8995:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8962:
8956:
8955:
8953:
8951:
8936:
8930:
8917:
8911:
8898:
8892:
8891:
8876:
8870:
8867:
8861:
8849:
8845:
8839:
8838:
8786:
8780:
8774:
8768:
8767:
8761:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8743:
8736:
8728:
8722:
8714:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8703:
8688:
8682:
8681:
8645:
8639:
8638:
8636:
8634:
8619:
8613:
8600:
8594:
8593:
8588:. Archived from
8582:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8571:
8556:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8546:
8537:. Archived from
8523:
8517:
8516:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8471:
8465:
8464:
8462:
8460:
8455:on June 21, 2007
8451:. Archived from
8445:
8439:
8432:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8421:
8415:
8408:
8400:
8394:
8387:
8381:
8378:
8372:
8371:
8369:
8367:
8362:on June 20, 2013
8352:
8341:
8325:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8314:
8295:
8289:
8277:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8251:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8240:
8216:
8210:
8209:
8207:
8205:
8200:on July 27, 2013
8190:
8184:
8183:
8181:
8179:
8164:
8158:
8157:
8142:
8136:
8135:
8114:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8088:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8077:
8058:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8047:
8038:(in Norwegian).
8026:
8020:
8007:
8001:
7988:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7977:
7971:
7964:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7945:
7939:
7933:. Archived from
7932:
7924:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7913:
7898:
7892:
7879:
7873:
7870:Billings Gazette
7856:
7850:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7825:. Archived from
7815:
7809:
7808:
7806:
7804:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7764:
7732:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7721:
7706:
7700:
7699:
7683:
7677:
7667:
7658:
7652:
7643:
7642:
7615:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7577:(5â6): 775â805.
7562:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7501:
7495:
7494:
7476:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7424:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7398:"European Elk -
7394:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7374:. Archived from
7363:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7337:
7331:
7317:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7276:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7243:
7237:
7236:
7208:
7202:
7188:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7165:The Boston Globe
7155:
7149:
7148:
7146:
7144:
7129:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7107:The Boston Globe
7100:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7089:
7073:
7067:
7066:
7048:
7031:(7): 1423â1439.
7016:
7010:
7009:
6981:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6970:
6964:
6941:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6897:
6888:
6887:
6851:
6845:
6835:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6805:Hari Sreenivasan
6800:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6720:. Archived from
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6679:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6659:. Archived from
6653:
6644:
6631:
6625:
6612:
6606:
6593:
6587:
6574:
6568:
6555:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6475:
6464:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6409:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6369:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6340:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6310:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6299:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6191:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6103:
6092:
6091:
6060:Alces americanus
6055:
6049:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6029:
6022:
6013:
6004:
5993:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5965:
5959:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5891:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5835:
5829:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5800:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5777:. Archived from
5765:
5759:
5758:
5742:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5712:. Archived from
5705:
5699:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5619:
5604:Wildlife Biology
5595:
5589:
5588:
5578:
5568:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5502:(7): 1423â1439.
5487:
5481:
5480:
5467:
5465:
5441:
5435:
5425:
5419:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5360:on March 8, 2008
5350:
5344:
5343:
5338:. Archived from
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5226:on June 17, 2012
5225:
5218:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5129:
5098:
5089:
5083:
5076:
5070:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4973:
4967:
4960:
4954:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4904:. Archived from
4893:
4887:
4886:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4832:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4815:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4737:. Archived from
4727:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4652:
4643:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4551:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4425:. Archived from
4414:
4408:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4367:
4358:
4345:
4339:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4293:
4282:
4281:
4263:
4252:
4249:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4176:
4153:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4069:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4024:
4018:
4004:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3974:
3965:
3951:
3945:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3799:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3765:
3758:
3752:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3694:
3688:
3672:
3666:
3645:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3602:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3516:
3476:Seal of Michigan
3397:Second World War
3378:
3366:
3350:
3335:
3323:
3282:Norwegian kroner
3129:), it has a low
2927:A. a. caucasicus
2922:
2872:
2857:and the western
2845:
2798:British Columbia
2788:
2725:
2667:Ranges from the
2663:A. a. cameloides
2613:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2429:In United States
2406:Late Pleistocene
2393:Cervalces scotti
2346:was followed by
2196:A. a. cameloides
1913:
1901:
1889:
1874:Anticosti Island
1736:British Columbia
1692:Vancouver Island
1580:
1566:
1552:
1538:
1387:Ursus americanus
1313:
1297:
1282:
1241:
1232:
1148:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
997:
965:) in early June.
943:A. a. bedfordiae
939:A. a. americanus
876:
875:
871:
868:
854:Crossing a river
836:Proto-Algonquian
752:elch, elh, eolh,
733:
720:
719:
661:solitary animals
631:Predominantly a
412:
404:
389:
370:Moose range map
365:
343:
307:
213:
212:
192:
189:
188:
172:
167:
166:
143:
129:
119:
49:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
14687:
14686:
14682:
14681:
14680:
14678:
14677:
14676:
14647:Mammals of Asia
14642:Holarctic fauna
14612:
14611:
14610:
14605:
14597:
14592:
14584:
14579:
14571:
14566:
14558:
14553:
14545:
14540:
14531:
14530:
14525:
14512:
14504:
14499:
14491:
14486:
14478:
14473:
14465:
14462:Observation.org
14460:
14452:
14450:
14442:
14437:
14429:
14424:
14416:
14411:
14403:
14398:
14390:
14385:
14377:
14372:
14364:
14359:
14351:
14346:
14338:
14333:
14325:
14320:
14312:
14307:
14299:
14294:
14286:
14281:
14273:
14268:
14260:
14255:
14247:
14245:
14237:
14232:
14223:
14222:
14217:
14208:
14207:
14202:
14189:
14179:
14174:
14113:
14042:
13973:Bison (buffalo)
13939:
13866:
13854:
13805:Prairie chicken
13778:
13775:
13745:
13732:
13709:
13685:
13648:
13622:
13580:
13516:
13490:
13466:
13442:
13405:
13372:S. philippensis
13309:S. ahoenobarbus
13291:
13283:Red river hog (
13258:
13234:
13201:
13177:
13151:Buru babirusa (
13122:
13096:
13088:Common duiker (
13072:
13030:
12840:
12798:
12774:
12750:
12708:
12657:
12620:
12596:
12561:
12546:P. picticaudata
12519:
12459:
12435:
12429:G. subgutturosa
12348:
12297:
12273:
12249:
12212:
12201:
12179:
12146:
12138:Cape bushbuck (
12131:T. strepsiceros
12060:
12059:
12057:
12034:
12010:
11986:
11881:
11873:Mountain anoa (
11808:
11802:B. tragocamelus
11784:
11778:T. quadricornis
11747:
11736:
11718:
11685:
11661:
11617:Bighorn sheep (
11583:
11559:
11535:
11527:Mountain goat (
11511:
11503:Chinese goral (
11460:
11436:
11421:C. sumatraensis
11385:
11368:Siberian ibex (
11332:Domestic goat (
11280:
11256:
11232:
11224:Barbary sheep (
11204:
11193:
11175:
11163:
11151:
11135:
11098:
11065:
11041:
11008:
10971:
10934:
10897:
10855:
10782:
10758:
10732:Scimitar oryx (
10707:
10690:Roan antelope (
10661:
10655:
10633:
10591:
10583:Northern pudu (
10557:
10549:Southern pudu (
10539:Northern pudu (
10523:
10499:
10475:
10440:Pygmy brocket (
10422:Dwarf brocket (
10379:
10346:
10322:
10289:
10265:
10228:
10168:
10117:
10093:
10060:
10034:Calamian deer (
10009:
10003:D. mesopotamica
9976:
9952:
9946:M. vuquangensis
9944:Giant muntjac (
9854:Fea's muntjac (
9807:
9801:
9783:
9771:
9755:
9686:
9644:
9607:
9565:M. chrysogaster
9516:
9508:Masai giraffe (
9465:
9428:
9391:
9377:
9339:
9332:
9291:
9289:
9280:
9276:Wayback Machine
9256:
9253:
9243:
9220:
9212:. Gibbs Smith.
9199:
9180:
9159:Wayback Machine
9147:
9145:Further reading
9142:
9132:
9130:
9117:
9116:
9112:
9105:
9093:
9092:
9088:
9079:
9077:
9068:
9067:
9063:
9054:
9052:
9039:
9038:
9034:
9024:Wayback Machine
9014:
9010:
9004:Wayback Machine
8993:
8992:
8988:
8978:
8976:
8964:
8963:
8959:
8949:
8947:
8946:on May 13, 2008
8938:
8937:
8933:
8927:Wayback Machine
8918:
8914:
8908:Wayback Machine
8899:
8895:
8878:
8877:
8873:
8868:
8864:
8847:
8846:
8842:
8787:
8783:
8775:
8771:
8755:
8754:
8747:
8745:
8741:
8734:
8732:"Archived copy"
8730:
8729:
8725:
8715:
8711:
8701:
8699:
8698:on July 3, 2019
8690:
8689:
8685:
8646:
8642:
8632:
8630:
8621:
8620:
8616:
8610:Wayback Machine
8601:
8597:
8584:
8583:
8579:
8569:
8567:
8558:
8557:
8553:
8544:
8542:
8524:
8520:
8513:
8499:
8495:
8488:
8472:
8468:
8458:
8456:
8447:
8446:
8442:
8433:
8429:
8419:
8417:
8413:
8406:
8402:
8401:
8397:
8388:
8384:
8379:
8375:
8365:
8363:
8354:
8353:
8344:
8338:Wayback Machine
8326:
8322:
8312:
8310:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8287:Wayback Machine
8278:
8274:
8264:
8262:
8253:
8252:
8248:
8238:
8236:
8217:
8213:
8203:
8201:
8192:
8191:
8187:
8177:
8175:
8166:
8165:
8161:
8144:
8143:
8139:
8133:
8125:Wayback Machine
8115:
8111:
8101:
8099:
8090:
8089:
8085:
8075:
8073:
8060:
8059:
8055:
8045:
8043:
8028:
8027:
8023:
8017:Wayback Machine
8008:
8004:
7998:Wayback Machine
7989:
7985:
7975:
7973:
7969:
7962:
7958:
7957:
7953:
7943:
7941:
7937:
7930:
7926:
7925:
7921:
7911:
7909:
7900:
7899:
7895:
7889:Wayback Machine
7880:
7876:
7866:Wayback Machine
7857:
7853:
7847:Wayback Machine
7838:
7834:
7817:
7816:
7812:
7802:
7800:
7791:
7790:
7786:
7733:
7729:
7719:
7717:
7708:
7707:
7703:
7684:
7680:
7668:
7661:
7653:
7646:
7639:
7616:
7609:
7600:
7598:
7563:
7554:
7544:
7542:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7514:
7512:
7503:
7502:
7498:
7491:
7477:
7473:
7463:
7461:
7452:
7451:
7447:
7437:
7435:
7426:
7425:
7421:
7411:
7409:
7396:
7395:
7391:
7381:
7379:
7364:
7360:
7350:
7348:
7339:
7338:
7334:
7328:Wayback Machine
7318:
7314:
7304:
7302:
7277:
7270:
7260:
7258:
7245:
7244:
7240:
7209:
7205:
7189:
7185:
7175:
7173:
7156:
7152:
7142:
7140:
7131:
7130:
7126:
7116:
7114:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7087:
7085:
7074:
7070:
7017:
7013:
6982:
6978:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6950:(12): 893â898.
6939:
6929:
6925:
6915:
6913:
6898:
6891:
6852:
6848:
6836:
6832:
6822:
6820:
6801:
6797:
6787:
6785:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6757:
6755:
6742:
6741:
6737:
6727:
6725:
6710:
6706:
6696:
6694:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6666:
6664:
6655:
6654:
6647:
6641:Wayback Machine
6632:
6628:
6622:Wayback Machine
6613:
6609:
6603:Wayback Machine
6594:
6590:
6584:Wayback Machine
6575:
6571:
6565:Wayback Machine
6556:
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6542:
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6527:
6523:
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6502:
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6487:
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6473:
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6423:
6419:
6407:
6401:
6397:
6387:
6385:
6370:
6363:
6353:
6351:
6342:
6341:
6337:
6327:
6325:
6312:
6311:
6307:
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6286:
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6281:
6272:
6270:
6257:
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6221:
6217:
6208:
6206:
6193:
6192:
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6135:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6104:
6095:
6056:
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6033:
6031:
6027:
6020:
6014:
6007:
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5990:
5980:
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5870:
5862:
5858:
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5846:
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5794:
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5766:
5762:
5755:
5733:
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5719:
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5706:
5702:
5693:
5689:
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5635:
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5596:
5592:
5529:
5525:
5488:
5484:
5463:
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5442:
5438:
5426:
5422:
5407:
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5393:
5391:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5363:
5361:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5328:
5312:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5268:
5266:
5259:
5243:
5239:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5198:
5189:
5187:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5159:
5157:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5113:10.2307/3872518
5096:
5090:
5086:
5077:
5073:
5064:
5060:
5050:
5048:
5037:
5033:
5001:
4997:
4987:
4985:
4974:
4970:
4961:
4957:
4951:Wayback Machine
4942:
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4890:
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4826:
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4811:
4804:
4788:
4784:
4773:
4769:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4742:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4683:
4679:
4668:
4664:
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4640:Wayback Machine
4631:
4627:
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4498:
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4415:
4411:
4406:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4361:
4355:Wayback Machine
4346:
4342:
4335:Wayback Machine
4323:
4319:
4312:
4302:Springer-Verlag
4294:
4285:
4278:
4264:
4255:
4231:
4229:
4194:
4190:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4151:
4145:
4141:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4070:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4005:
3998:
3988:
3986:
3975:
3968:
3952:
3948:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3848:
3846:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3812:
3810:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3759:
3755:
3746:
3742:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3685:Perseus Project
3673:
3669:
3663:Perseus Project
3639:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3604:
3603:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3496:
3456:
3389:
3382:
3379:
3370:
3367:
3358:
3351:
3342:
3336:
3327:
3324:
3219:
3177:
3103:The Maine Woods
3064:
3050:Natural History
3045:Pliny the Elder
2973:
2968:
2937:European Russia
2812:, southwestern
2793:A. a. andersoni
2730:A. a. americana
2688:A. a. buturlini
2518:
2499:: maximum of 50
2454:Europe and Asia
2445:Upper Peninsula
2414:
2232:
2216:
2200:A. a. buturlini
2192:Bergmann's rule
2185:Kamchatka River
2032:, and northern
1979:
1969:
1967:Europe and Asia
1924:
1917:
1914:
1905:
1902:
1893:
1890:
1784:Uinta Mountains
1724:Upper Peninsula
1708:Rocky Mountains
1686:(excluding the
1672:
1651:
1646:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1502:Display at the
1496:
1463:
1415:Greenland shark
1359:Siberian tigers
1328:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1298:
1289:
1283:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1208:trembling aspen
1204:deciduous trees
1154:The moose is a
1143:
1141:
1136:
1123:
1094:
1058:
1045:
1001:
992:
991:
963:A. a. americana
892:
873:
869:
866:
864:
848:
825:Eastern Abenaki
694:British English
683:
678:
620:, northeastern
387:
356:
345:
339:
326:
306:
207:
199:
190:
186:
179:
168:
164:
157:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
14685:
14675:
14674:
14669:
14664:
14659:
14654:
14649:
14644:
14639:
14634:
14629:
14624:
14607:
14606:
14604:
14603:
14590:
14577:
14564:
14551:
14538:
14522:
14520:
14514:
14513:
14511:
14510:
14497:
14484:
14471:
14458:
14448:
14435:
14422:
14409:
14396:
14383:
14370:
14357:
14344:
14331:
14318:
14309:Fauna Europaea
14305:
14292:
14279:
14266:
14253:
14243:
14230:
14215:
14199:
14197:
14191:
14190:
14176:
14175:
14173:
14172:
14170:Upland hunting
14167:
14162:
14157:
14152:
14147:
14142:
14137:
14132:
14127:
14121:
14119:
14115:
14114:
14112:
14111:
14106:
14101:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14076:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14050:
14048:
14044:
14043:
14041:
14040:
14035:
14030:
14025:
14020:
14015:
14010:
14005:
14000:
13995:
13990:
13985:
13980:
13975:
13970:
13965:
13960:
13955:
13949:
13947:
13941:
13940:
13938:
13937:
13932:
13927:
13922:
13917:
13912:
13907:
13902:
13897:
13892:
13887:
13882:
13876:
13874:
13868:
13867:
13857:
13855:
13853:
13852:
13847:
13842:
13837:
13832:
13827:
13822:
13817:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13797:
13792:
13790:Bobwhite quail
13786:
13784:
13780:
13779:
13774:
13773:
13766:
13759:
13751:
13742:
13741:
13738:
13737:
13734:
13733:
13731:
13730:
13723:
13721:
13715:
13714:
13711:
13710:
13708:
13707:
13703:C. liberiensis
13697:
13695:
13687:
13686:
13684:
13683:
13677:Hippopotamus (
13673:
13671:
13660:
13658:Hippopotamidae
13650:
13649:
13636:
13635:
13632:
13631:
13628:
13627:
13624:
13623:
13621:
13620:
13611:
13607:C. dromedarius
13602:
13592:
13590:
13582:
13581:
13579:
13578:
13569:
13560:
13551:
13541:
13539:
13528:
13518:
13517:
13504:
13503:
13500:
13499:
13496:
13495:
13492:
13491:
13489:
13488:
13478:
13476:
13468:
13467:
13465:
13464:
13454:
13452:
13444:
13443:
13441:
13440:
13430:
13428:
13417:
13411:
13410:
13407:
13406:
13404:
13403:
13394:
13390:S. timoriensis
13385:
13376:
13367:
13358:
13349:
13343:Domestic pig (
13340:
13331:
13322:
13313:
13303:
13301:
13293:
13292:
13290:
13289:
13280:
13270:
13268:
13260:
13259:
13257:
13256:
13246:
13244:
13236:
13235:
13233:
13232:
13223:
13219:P. aethiopicus
13213:
13211:
13203:
13202:
13200:
13199:
13189:
13187:
13179:
13178:
13176:
13175:
13171:B. togeanensis
13166:
13157:
13147:
13145:
13134:
13124:
13123:
13110:
13109:
13106:
13105:
13102:
13101:
13098:
13097:
13095:
13094:
13084:
13082:
13074:
13073:
13071:
13070:
13061:
13052:
13042:
13040:
13032:
13031:
13029:
13028:
13022:Zebra duiker (
13019:
13010:
13001:
12997:C. silvicultor
12992:
12983:
12974:
12965:
12956:
12950:Black duiker (
12947:
12938:
12934:C. leucogaster
12929:
12920:
12911:
12902:
12893:
12884:
12875:
12865:
12863:
12852:
12846:
12845:
12842:
12841:
12839:
12838:
12829:
12823:Cape grysbok (
12820:
12810:
12808:
12800:
12799:
12797:
12796:
12786:
12784:
12776:
12775:
12773:
12772:
12766:Klipspringer (
12762:
12760:
12752:
12751:
12749:
12748:
12739:
12730:
12720:
12718:
12710:
12709:
12707:
12706:
12697:
12693:M. piacentinii
12688:
12679:
12669:
12667:
12659:
12658:
12656:
12655:
12645:
12643:
12632:
12626:
12625:
12622:
12621:
12619:
12618:
12608:
12606:
12598:
12597:
12595:
12594:
12584:
12582:
12571:
12567:
12566:
12563:
12562:
12560:
12559:
12555:P. przewalskii
12550:
12541:
12531:
12529:
12521:
12520:
12518:
12517:
12508:
12499:
12490:
12481:
12475:Dama gazelle (
12471:
12469:
12461:
12460:
12458:
12457:
12447:
12445:
12437:
12436:
12434:
12433:
12424:
12415:
12409:Rhim gazelle (
12406:
12397:
12388:
12379:
12370:
12360:
12358:
12350:
12349:
12347:
12346:
12337:
12328:
12319:
12309:
12307:
12299:
12298:
12296:
12295:
12285:
12283:
12275:
12274:
12272:
12271:
12267:A. marsupialis
12261:
12259:
12251:
12250:
12248:
12247:
12237:
12235:
12224:
12214:
12213:
12193:
12192:
12189:
12188:
12185:
12184:
12181:
12180:
12178:
12177:
12171:Common eland (
12168:
12158:
12156:
12148:
12147:
12145:
12144:
12135:
12129:Greater kudu (
12126:
12117:
12108:
12099:
12090:
12081:
12071:
12069:
12046:
12040:
12039:
12036:
12035:
12033:
12032:
12022:
12020:
12012:
12011:
12009:
12008:
11998:
11996:
11988:
11987:
11985:
11984:
11975:
11966:
11957:
11948:
11942:Domestic yak (
11939:
11930:
11921:
11912:
11903:
11893:
11891:
11883:
11882:
11880:
11879:
11870:
11866:B. mindorensis
11861:
11855:Lowland anoa (
11852:
11843:
11833:
11831:
11820:
11814:
11813:
11810:
11809:
11807:
11806:
11796:
11794:
11786:
11785:
11783:
11782:
11772:
11770:
11759:
11749:
11748:
11728:
11727:
11724:
11723:
11720:
11719:
11717:
11716:
11707:
11697:
11695:
11687:
11686:
11684:
11683:
11673:
11671:
11663:
11662:
11660:
11659:
11650:
11641:
11632:
11623:
11614:
11605:
11595:
11593:
11585:
11584:
11582:
11581:
11575:Nilgiri tahr (
11571:
11569:
11561:
11560:
11558:
11557:
11547:
11545:
11537:
11536:
11534:
11533:
11523:
11521:
11513:
11512:
11510:
11509:
11500:
11491:
11482:
11472:
11470:
11462:
11461:
11459:
11458:
11448:
11446:
11438:
11437:
11435:
11434:
11428:Taiwan serow (
11425:
11416:
11407:
11397:
11395:
11387:
11386:
11384:
11383:
11374:
11365:
11359:Iberian ibex (
11356:
11347:
11338:
11329:
11320:
11311:
11302:
11292:
11290:
11282:
11281:
11279:
11278:
11268:
11266:
11258:
11257:
11255:
11254:
11248:Arabian tahr (
11244:
11242:
11234:
11233:
11231:
11230:
11220:
11218:
11206:
11205:
11185:
11184:
11181:
11180:
11177:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11165:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11153:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11141:
11140:
11137:
11136:
11134:
11133:
11123:
11121:
11110:
11104:
11103:
11100:
11099:
11097:
11096:
11087:
11077:
11075:
11067:
11066:
11064:
11063:
11053:
11051:
11043:
11042:
11040:
11039:
11030:
11020:
11018:
11010:
11009:
11007:
11006:
10996:
10994:
10983:
10977:
10976:
10973:
10972:
10970:
10969:
10959:
10957:
10946:
10940:
10939:
10936:
10935:
10933:
10932:
10922:
10920:
10909:
10903:
10902:
10899:
10898:
10896:
10895:
10886:
10882:R. fulvorufula
10877:
10867:
10865:
10857:
10856:
10854:
10853:
10844:
10835:
10826:
10817:
10807:
10805:
10794:
10788:
10787:
10784:
10783:
10781:
10780:
10770:
10768:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10756:
10750:Arabian oryx (
10747:
10738:
10729:
10719:
10717:
10709:
10708:
10706:
10705:
10696:
10686:
10684:
10673:
10663:
10662:
10647:
10646:
10643:
10642:
10639:
10638:
10635:
10634:
10632:
10631:
10627:O. virginianus
10622:
10613:
10603:
10601:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10589:
10580:
10570:
10568:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10555:
10546:
10535:
10533:
10525:
10524:
10522:
10521:
10511:
10509:
10501:
10500:
10498:
10497:
10493:O. bezoarticus
10487:
10485:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10473:
10464:
10455:
10446:
10437:
10433:M. gouazoubira
10431:Gray brocket (
10428:
10419:
10410:
10401:
10391:
10389:
10381:
10380:
10378:
10377:
10368:
10358:
10356:
10348:
10347:
10345:
10344:
10334:
10332:
10324:
10323:
10321:
10320:
10311:
10301:
10299:
10291:
10290:
10288:
10287:
10277:
10275:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10263:
10253:
10251:
10240:
10234:
10233:
10230:
10229:
10227:
10226:
10217:
10208:
10199:
10190:
10186:C. albirostris
10180:
10178:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10166:
10157:
10148:
10139:
10129:
10127:
10119:
10118:
10116:
10115:
10105:
10103:
10095:
10094:
10092:
10091:
10082:
10072:
10070:
10062:
10061:
10059:
10058:
10049:
10040:
10031:
10021:
10019:
10011:
10010:
10008:
10007:
9998:
9988:
9986:
9978:
9977:
9975:
9974:
9970:E. cephalophus
9964:
9962:
9954:
9953:
9951:
9950:
9941:
9932:
9923:
9914:
9905:
9899:Leaf muntjac (
9896:
9892:M. puhoatensis
9887:
9878:
9869:
9860:
9851:
9842:
9832:
9830:
9819:
9809:
9808:
9793:
9792:
9789:
9788:
9785:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9773:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9761:
9760:
9757:
9756:
9754:
9753:
9749:T. williamsoni
9744:
9735:
9726:
9717:
9708:
9698:
9696:
9688:
9687:
9685:
9684:
9675:
9666:
9656:
9654:
9646:
9645:
9643:
9642:
9632:
9630:
9619:
9613:
9612:
9609:
9608:
9606:
9605:
9601:M. moschiferus
9596:
9592:M. leucogaster
9587:
9578:
9569:
9560:
9556:M. berezovskii
9551:
9541:
9539:
9528:
9522:
9521:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9514:
9505:
9496:
9487:
9477:
9475:
9467:
9466:
9464:
9463:
9453:
9451:
9440:
9434:
9433:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9416:
9414:
9403:
9401:Antilocapridae
9393:
9392:
9379:
9378:
9376:
9375:
9373:Laurasiatheria
9369:
9363:
9357:
9351:
9344:
9341:
9340:
9331:
9330:
9323:
9316:
9308:
9302:
9301:
9278:
9266:
9252:
9251:External links
9249:
9248:
9247:
9241:
9224:
9218:
9203:
9197:
9184:
9178:
9163:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9140:
9110:
9103:
9086:
9061:
9032:
9008:
8986:
8957:
8931:
8912:
8893:
8871:
8862:
8857:Dagens Nyheter
8840:
8797:(3): 518â528.
8781:
8769:
8723:
8709:
8683:
8656:(2): 173â186.
8640:
8614:
8595:
8577:
8551:
8518:
8511:
8493:
8486:
8466:
8440:
8427:
8395:
8382:
8373:
8342:
8320:
8290:
8272:
8246:
8211:
8185:
8159:
8137:
8109:
8083:
8053:
8021:
8002:
7983:
7951:
7919:
7893:
7874:
7872:, May 28, 2009
7851:
7832:
7823:Canadacool.com
7810:
7784:
7727:
7701:
7678:
7659:
7644:
7637:
7607:
7552:
7522:
7496:
7489:
7471:
7445:
7419:
7389:
7358:
7332:
7312:
7268:
7238:
7203:
7183:
7150:
7124:
7095:
7068:
7011:
6976:
6923:
6889:
6862:(1): 156â168.
6846:
6830:
6795:
6765:
6735:
6704:
6674:
6645:
6626:
6607:
6588:
6569:
6550:
6521:
6495:
6456:
6437:
6417:
6395:
6361:
6335:
6305:
6279:
6263:www.dec.ny.gov
6250:
6215:
6186:
6161:
6129:
6112:New York Times
6093:
6050:
6041:
6005:
5988:
5960:
5947:
5904:
5892:
5880:
5868:
5856:
5830:
5821:
5792:
5760:
5753:
5743:. Washington:
5727:
5700:
5687:
5660:(1): 157â165.
5643:
5590:
5523:
5482:
5450:LĂ€kartidningen
5436:
5420:
5401:
5371:
5345:
5326:
5306:
5276:
5257:
5237:
5205:
5196:
5167:
5141:
5084:
5071:
5058:
5031:
4995:
4968:
4955:
4936:
4929:
4911:
4888:
4873:
4850:Sharp, David.
4842:
4824:
4802:
4782:
4767:
4752:
4722:
4707:
4701:
4677:
4662:
4644:
4625:
4599:
4573:
4522:
4496:
4465:
4439:
4409:
4400:
4391:
4382:
4372:
4359:
4340:
4317:
4310:
4283:
4276:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4188:
4139:
4096:
4090:
4049:
4019:
3996:
3966:
3946:
3933:
3907:
3900:
3882:
3856:
3828:
3787:
3753:
3740:
3725:
3689:
3667:
3633:
3590:
3557:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3495:
3492:
3455:
3452:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3361:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3318:
3227:passenger cars
3223:center of mass
3218:
3215:
3211:health effects
3176:
3173:
3167:leads to both
3146:Valerius Geist
3139:saturated fats
3063:
3060:
2997:cave paintings
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2929:
2924:
2910:
2909:
2879:
2874:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2847:
2834:
2833:
2804:, the eastern
2795:
2790:
2777:
2776:
2732:
2727:
2714:
2713:
2708:range and the
2690:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2620:
2615:
2604:
2603:
2575:Czech Republic
2536:
2531:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2497:Czech Republic
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2426:
2417:North America:
2413:
2410:
2231:
2228:
2215:
2212:
2208:trophy hunters
2149:Lille Vildmose
2118:Czech Republic
2054:Magna Germania
2026:Czech Republic
1992:, date unknown
1968:
1965:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1884:
1752:Lake Wenatchee
1671:
1668:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1583:(10â11 months)
1582:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1495:
1492:
1488:meningeal worm
1462:
1459:
1343:Siberian tiger
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1253:Moose are not
1246:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1122:
1119:
1093:
1090:
1057:
1054:
1044:
1041:
983:cryptorchidism
979:chemical means
961:Young female (
891:
888:
847:
844:
776:Middle English
756:Proto-Germanic
682:
679:
677:
674:
562:Eastern Europe
538:New York State
469:boreal forests
458:American bison
393:
392:
391:
390:
379:
378:
372:
371:
367:
366:
358:
357:
346:
335:
334:
328:
327:
320:
318:
314:
313:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
201:
200:
184:
181:
180:
162:
159:
158:
153:
150:
149:
145:
144:
136:
135:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
44:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14684:
14673:
14670:
14668:
14665:
14663:
14660:
14658:
14655:
14653:
14650:
14648:
14645:
14643:
14640:
14638:
14635:
14633:
14630:
14628:
14625:
14623:
14620:
14619:
14617:
14600:
14595:
14591:
14587:
14582:
14578:
14574:
14569:
14565:
14561:
14556:
14552:
14548:
14543:
14539:
14534:
14528:
14524:
14523:
14521:
14519:
14515:
14507:
14502:
14498:
14494:
14489:
14485:
14481:
14476:
14472:
14468:
14463:
14459:
14455:
14449:
14445:
14440:
14436:
14432:
14427:
14423:
14419:
14414:
14410:
14406:
14401:
14397:
14393:
14388:
14384:
14380:
14375:
14371:
14367:
14362:
14358:
14354:
14349:
14345:
14341:
14336:
14332:
14328:
14323:
14319:
14315:
14310:
14306:
14302:
14297:
14293:
14289:
14284:
14280:
14276:
14271:
14267:
14263:
14258:
14254:
14250:
14244:
14240:
14235:
14231:
14226:
14220:
14216:
14211:
14205:
14201:
14200:
14198:
14196:
14192:
14188:
14183:
14171:
14168:
14166:
14163:
14161:
14158:
14156:
14153:
14151:
14148:
14146:
14143:
14141:
14138:
14136:
14135:Bison hunting
14133:
14131:
14128:
14126:
14123:
14122:
14120:
14116:
14110:
14109:Snowshoe hare
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14084:Gray squirrel
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14051:
14049:
14045:
14039:
14036:
14034:
14031:
14029:
14026:
14024:
14021:
14019:
14016:
14014:
14011:
14009:
14008:Mountain goat
14006:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13989:
13986:
13984:
13981:
13979:
13976:
13974:
13971:
13969:
13966:
13964:
13961:
13959:
13956:
13954:
13953:Bighorn sheep
13951:
13950:
13948:
13946:
13942:
13936:
13933:
13931:
13928:
13926:
13923:
13921:
13918:
13916:
13913:
13911:
13908:
13906:
13903:
13901:
13900:Greater scaup
13898:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13883:
13881:
13878:
13877:
13875:
13873:
13869:
13861:
13851:
13848:
13846:
13843:
13841:
13840:Spruce grouse
13838:
13836:
13833:
13831:
13828:
13826:
13825:Ruffed grouse
13823:
13821:
13818:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13810:Mourning dove
13808:
13806:
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13787:
13785:
13781:
13772:
13767:
13765:
13760:
13758:
13753:
13752:
13749:
13729:
13725:
13724:
13722:
13720:
13716:
13706:
13704:
13699:
13698:
13696:
13694:
13693:
13688:
13682:
13680:
13675:
13674:
13672:
13670:
13669:
13664:
13661:
13659:
13655:
13651:
13647:
13641:
13637:
13619:
13617:
13612:
13610:
13608:
13603:
13601:
13599:
13598:C. bactrianus
13594:
13593:
13591:
13589:
13588:
13583:
13577:
13575:
13570:
13568:
13566:
13561:
13559:
13557:
13552:
13550:
13548:
13543:
13542:
13540:
13538:
13537:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13523:
13519:
13515:
13509:
13505:
13487:
13485:
13480:
13479:
13477:
13475:
13474:
13469:
13463:
13461:
13456:
13455:
13453:
13451:
13450:
13445:
13439:
13437:
13432:
13431:
13429:
13427:
13426:
13421:
13418:
13416:
13412:
13402:
13400:
13399:S. verrucosus
13395:
13393:
13391:
13386:
13384:
13382:
13377:
13375:
13373:
13368:
13366:
13364:
13359:
13357:
13355:
13350:
13348:
13346:
13345:S. domesticus
13341:
13339:
13337:
13336:S. celebensis
13332:
13330:
13328:
13323:
13321:
13319:
13314:
13312:
13310:
13305:
13304:
13302:
13300:
13299:
13294:
13288:
13286:
13281:
13279:
13277:
13272:
13271:
13269:
13267:
13266:
13265:Potamochoerus
13261:
13255:
13253:
13248:
13247:
13245:
13243:
13242:
13237:
13231:
13229:
13224:
13222:
13220:
13215:
13214:
13212:
13210:
13209:
13204:
13198:
13196:
13191:
13190:
13188:
13186:
13185:
13180:
13174:
13172:
13167:
13165:
13163:
13162:B. celebensis
13158:
13156:
13154:
13149:
13148:
13146:
13144:
13143:
13138:
13135:
13133:
13129:
13125:
13121:
13115:
13111:
13093:
13091:
13086:
13085:
13083:
13081:
13080:
13075:
13069:
13067:
13062:
13060:
13058:
13053:
13051:
13049:
13046:Blue duiker (
13044:
13043:
13041:
13039:
13038:
13033:
13027:
13025:
13020:
13018:
13016:
13011:
13009:
13007:
13002:
13000:
12998:
12993:
12991:
12989:
12984:
12982:
12980:
12975:
12973:
12971:
12966:
12964:
12962:
12961:C. nigrifrons
12957:
12955:
12953:
12948:
12946:
12944:
12943:C. natalensis
12939:
12937:
12935:
12930:
12928:
12926:
12921:
12919:
12917:
12912:
12910:
12908:
12903:
12901:
12899:
12894:
12892:
12890:
12889:C. callipygus
12885:
12883:
12881:
12876:
12874:
12872:
12867:
12866:
12864:
12862:
12861:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12847:
12837:
12835:
12830:
12828:
12826:
12821:
12819:
12817:
12816:R. campestris
12812:
12811:
12809:
12807:
12806:
12801:
12795:
12793:
12788:
12787:
12785:
12783:
12782:
12777:
12771:
12769:
12768:O. oreotragus
12764:
12763:
12761:
12759:
12758:
12753:
12747:
12745:
12740:
12738:
12736:
12731:
12729:
12727:
12722:
12721:
12719:
12717:
12716:
12711:
12705:
12703:
12698:
12696:
12694:
12689:
12687:
12685:
12680:
12678:
12676:
12671:
12670:
12668:
12666:
12665:
12660:
12654:
12652:
12647:
12646:
12644:
12642:
12641:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12627:
12617:
12615:
12610:
12609:
12607:
12605:
12604:
12599:
12593:
12591:
12586:
12585:
12583:
12581:
12580:
12575:
12572:
12568:
12558:
12556:
12551:
12549:
12547:
12542:
12540:
12538:
12533:
12532:
12530:
12528:
12527:
12522:
12516:
12514:
12509:
12507:
12505:
12500:
12498:
12496:
12491:
12489:
12487:
12482:
12480:
12478:
12473:
12472:
12470:
12468:
12467:
12462:
12456:
12454:
12449:
12448:
12446:
12444:
12443:
12438:
12432:
12430:
12425:
12423:
12421:
12416:
12414:
12412:
12411:G. leptoceros
12407:
12405:
12403:
12398:
12396:
12394:
12389:
12387:
12385:
12380:
12378:
12376:
12371:
12369:
12367:
12362:
12361:
12359:
12357:
12356:
12351:
12345:
12343:
12338:
12336:
12334:
12329:
12327:
12325:
12320:
12318:
12316:
12315:E. albonotata
12311:
12310:
12308:
12306:
12305:
12300:
12294:
12292:
12291:A. cervicapra
12287:
12286:
12284:
12282:
12281:
12276:
12270:
12268:
12263:
12262:
12260:
12258:
12257:
12252:
12246:
12244:
12239:
12238:
12236:
12234:
12233:
12228:
12225:
12223:
12219:
12215:
12209:
12205:
12198:
12194:
12176:
12174:
12169:
12167:
12165:
12162:Giant eland (
12160:
12159:
12157:
12155:
12154:
12149:
12143:
12141:
12140:T. sylvaticus
12136:
12134:
12132:
12127:
12125:
12123:
12118:
12116:
12114:
12109:
12107:
12105:
12102:Lesser kudu (
12100:
12098:
12096:
12091:
12089:
12087:
12082:
12080:
12078:
12073:
12072:
12070:
12064:
12056:
12055:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12041:
12031:
12029:
12024:
12023:
12021:
12019:
12018:
12013:
12007:
12005:
12000:
11999:
11997:
11995:
11994:
11989:
11983:
11981:
11976:
11974:
11972:
11967:
11965:
11963:
11958:
11956:
11954:
11949:
11947:
11945:
11940:
11938:
11936:
11931:
11929:
11927:
11922:
11920:
11918:
11917:B. domesticus
11915:Bali cattle (
11913:
11911:
11909:
11904:
11902:
11900:
11895:
11894:
11892:
11890:
11889:
11884:
11878:
11876:
11871:
11869:
11867:
11862:
11860:
11858:
11853:
11851:
11849:
11844:
11842:
11840:
11835:
11834:
11832:
11830:
11829:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11815:
11805:
11803:
11798:
11797:
11795:
11793:
11792:
11787:
11781:
11779:
11774:
11773:
11771:
11769:
11768:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11754:
11750:
11744:
11740:
11733:
11729:
11715:
11713:
11708:
11706:
11704:
11699:
11698:
11696:
11694:
11693:
11688:
11682:
11680:
11675:
11674:
11672:
11670:
11669:
11664:
11658:
11656:
11651:
11649:
11647:
11642:
11640:
11638:
11633:
11631:
11629:
11624:
11622:
11620:
11619:O. canadensis
11615:
11613:
11611:
11606:
11604:
11602:
11597:
11596:
11594:
11592:
11591:
11586:
11580:
11578:
11573:
11572:
11570:
11568:
11567:
11566:Nilgiritragus
11562:
11556:
11554:
11549:
11548:
11546:
11544:
11543:
11538:
11532:
11530:
11529:O. americanus
11525:
11524:
11522:
11520:
11519:
11514:
11508:
11506:
11501:
11499:
11497:
11492:
11490:
11488:
11483:
11481:
11479:
11474:
11473:
11471:
11469:
11468:
11463:
11457:
11455:
11454:H. jemlahicus
11450:
11449:
11447:
11445:
11444:
11439:
11433:
11431:
11426:
11424:
11422:
11417:
11415:
11413:
11408:
11406:
11404:
11399:
11398:
11396:
11394:
11393:
11388:
11382:
11380:
11375:
11373:
11371:
11366:
11364:
11362:
11357:
11355:
11353:
11350:Nubian ibex (
11348:
11346:
11344:
11341:Alpine ibex (
11339:
11337:
11335:
11330:
11328:
11326:
11321:
11319:
11317:
11312:
11310:
11308:
11303:
11301:
11299:
11294:
11293:
11291:
11289:
11288:
11283:
11277:
11275:
11270:
11269:
11267:
11265:
11264:
11259:
11253:
11251:
11246:
11245:
11243:
11241:
11240:
11235:
11229:
11227:
11222:
11221:
11219:
11217:
11216:
11211:
11207:
11201:
11197:
11190:
11186:
11172:
11170:
11166:
11160:
11158:
11154:
11148:
11146:
11142:
11132:
11130:
11125:
11124:
11122:
11120:
11119:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11108:Pantholopinae
11105:
11095:
11093:
11088:
11086:
11084:
11079:
11078:
11076:
11074:
11073:
11068:
11062:
11060:
11059:A. buselaphus
11055:
11054:
11052:
11050:
11049:
11044:
11038:
11036:
11031:
11029:
11027:
11022:
11021:
11019:
11017:
11016:
11011:
11005:
11003:
10998:
10997:
10995:
10993:
10992:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10978:
10968:
10966:
10963:Grey rhebok (
10961:
10960:
10958:
10956:
10955:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10941:
10931:
10929:
10924:
10923:
10921:
10919:
10918:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10907:Aepycerotinae
10904:
10894:
10892:
10887:
10885:
10883:
10878:
10876:
10874:
10869:
10868:
10866:
10864:
10863:
10858:
10852:
10850:
10845:
10843:
10841:
10838:Nile lechwe (
10836:
10834:
10832:
10827:
10825:
10823:
10818:
10816:
10814:
10809:
10808:
10806:
10804:
10803:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10789:
10779:
10777:
10772:
10771:
10769:
10767:
10766:
10761:
10755:
10753:
10748:
10746:
10744:
10739:
10737:
10735:
10730:
10728:
10726:
10721:
10720:
10718:
10716:
10715:
10710:
10704:
10702:
10697:
10695:
10693:
10688:
10687:
10685:
10683:
10682:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10671:Hippotraginae
10668:
10664:
10659:
10652:
10648:
10630:
10628:
10623:
10621:
10619:
10614:
10612:
10610:
10605:
10604:
10602:
10600:
10599:
10594:
10588:
10586:
10581:
10579:
10577:
10572:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10565:
10560:
10554:
10552:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10537:
10536:
10534:
10532:
10531:
10526:
10520:
10518:
10517:B. dichotomus
10513:
10512:
10510:
10508:
10507:
10502:
10496:
10494:
10491:Pampas deer (
10489:
10488:
10486:
10484:
10483:
10478:
10472:
10470:
10465:
10463:
10461:
10456:
10454:
10452:
10451:M. nemorivaga
10447:
10445:
10443:
10438:
10436:
10434:
10429:
10427:
10425:
10420:
10418:
10416:
10411:
10409:
10407:
10402:
10400:
10398:
10395:Red brocket (
10393:
10392:
10390:
10388:
10387:
10382:
10376:
10374:
10369:
10367:
10365:
10364:H. antisensis
10360:
10359:
10357:
10355:
10354:
10349:
10343:
10341:
10336:
10335:
10333:
10331:
10330:
10325:
10319:
10317:
10312:
10310:
10308:
10303:
10302:
10300:
10298:
10297:
10292:
10286:
10284:
10279:
10278:
10276:
10274:
10273:
10268:
10262:
10260:
10255:
10254:
10252:
10250:
10249:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10235:
10225:
10223:
10218:
10216:
10214:
10209:
10207:
10205:
10204:C. canadensis
10200:
10198:
10196:
10191:
10189:
10187:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10177:
10176:
10171:
10165:
10163:
10158:
10156:
10154:
10153:R. timorensis
10149:
10147:
10145:
10140:
10138:
10136:
10131:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10125:
10120:
10114:
10112:
10111:E. davidianus
10107:
10106:
10104:
10102:
10101:
10096:
10090:
10088:
10083:
10081:
10079:
10078:R. duvaucelii
10074:
10073:
10071:
10069:
10068:
10063:
10057:
10055:
10050:
10048:
10046:
10043:Bawean deer (
10041:
10039:
10037:
10032:
10030:
10028:
10023:
10022:
10020:
10018:
10017:
10012:
10006:
10004:
9999:
9997:
9995:
9990:
9989:
9987:
9985:
9984:
9979:
9973:
9971:
9968:Tufted deer (
9966:
9965:
9963:
9961:
9960:
9955:
9949:
9947:
9942:
9940:
9938:
9933:
9931:
9929:
9924:
9922:
9920:
9915:
9913:
9911:
9906:
9904:
9902:
9901:M. putaoensis
9897:
9895:
9893:
9888:
9886:
9884:
9879:
9877:
9875:
9870:
9868:
9866:
9861:
9859:
9857:
9852:
9850:
9848:
9847:M. crinifrons
9843:
9841:
9839:
9834:
9833:
9831:
9829:
9828:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9814:
9810:
9805:
9798:
9794:
9780:
9778:
9774:
9768:
9766:
9762:
9752:
9750:
9745:
9743:
9741:
9740:T. versicolor
9736:
9734:
9732:
9727:
9725:
9723:
9718:
9716:
9714:
9709:
9707:
9705:
9700:
9699:
9697:
9695:
9694:
9689:
9683:
9681:
9676:
9674:
9672:
9667:
9665:
9663:
9658:
9657:
9655:
9653:
9652:
9647:
9641:
9639:
9634:
9633:
9631:
9629:
9628:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9614:
9604:
9602:
9597:
9595:
9593:
9588:
9586:
9584:
9579:
9577:
9575:
9570:
9568:
9566:
9561:
9559:
9557:
9552:
9550:
9548:
9547:M. anhuiensis
9543:
9542:
9540:
9538:
9537:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9523:
9513:
9511:
9506:
9504:
9502:
9501:G. reticulata
9497:
9495:
9493:
9488:
9486:
9484:
9479:
9478:
9476:
9474:
9473:
9468:
9462:
9460:
9455:
9454:
9452:
9450:
9449:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9435:
9425:
9423:
9418:
9417:
9415:
9413:
9412:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9398:
9394:
9390:
9384:
9380:
9374:
9370:
9368:
9364:
9362:
9358:
9356:
9352:
9350:
9346:
9345:
9342:
9337:
9329:
9324:
9322:
9317:
9315:
9310:
9309:
9306:
9300:
9288:on 2016-01-22
9287:
9283:
9279:
9277:
9273:
9270:
9267:
9263:
9259:
9258:"Alces alces"
9255:
9254:
9244:
9238:
9233:
9232:
9225:
9221:
9215:
9211:
9210:
9204:
9200:
9194:
9190:
9185:
9181:
9175:
9171:
9170:
9164:
9161:
9160:
9156:
9153:
9149:
9148:
9128:
9124:
9120:
9114:
9106:
9104:951-773-085-3
9100:
9096:
9090:
9075:
9071:
9065:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9036:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9018:
9012:
9005:
9001:
8998:
8990:
8974:
8970:
8967:
8961:
8945:
8941:
8935:
8928:
8924:
8921:
8916:
8909:
8905:
8902:
8897:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8875:
8866:
8859:
8858:
8853:
8844:
8836:
8832:
8828:
8824:
8820:
8816:
8812:
8808:
8804:
8800:
8796:
8792:
8785:
8778:
8773:
8765:
8759:
8740:
8733:
8727:
8720:
8713:
8697:
8693:
8687:
8679:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8655:
8651:
8644:
8628:
8624:
8618:
8611:
8607:
8604:
8599:
8591:
8587:
8581:
8565:
8561:
8555:
8541:on 2012-07-13
8540:
8536:
8532:
8528:
8522:
8514:
8508:
8504:
8497:
8489:
8483:
8479:
8478:
8470:
8454:
8450:
8444:
8437:
8431:
8412:
8405:
8399:
8392:
8386:
8377:
8361:
8357:
8356:"Asian Moose"
8351:
8349:
8347:
8339:
8335:
8332:
8331:
8324:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8294:
8288:
8284:
8281:
8276:
8260:
8256:
8250:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8222:
8215:
8199:
8195:
8189:
8173:
8169:
8163:
8155:
8151:
8147:
8141:
8134:(in Estonian)
8131:
8130:
8126:
8122:
8118:
8113:
8097:
8093:
8087:
8076:September 19,
8071:
8067:
8063:
8057:
8046:September 19,
8041:
8037:
8036:
8031:
8025:
8018:
8014:
8011:
8006:
7999:
7995:
7992:
7987:
7968:
7961:
7955:
7936:
7929:
7923:
7907:
7903:
7897:
7890:
7886:
7883:
7878:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7860:
7855:
7848:
7844:
7841:
7836:
7828:
7824:
7820:
7814:
7798:
7794:
7788:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7738:
7731:
7715:
7712:. Nhm.ac.uk.
7711:
7705:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7682:
7675:
7671:
7666:
7664:
7656:
7651:
7649:
7640:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7622:
7614:
7612:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7526:
7510:
7506:
7500:
7492:
7486:
7482:
7475:
7459:
7455:
7449:
7433:
7429:
7423:
7407:
7403:
7401:
7393:
7377:
7373:
7372:The Telegraph
7369:
7362:
7346:
7342:
7336:
7329:
7325:
7322:
7316:
7300:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7288:
7284:
7275:
7273:
7256:
7252:
7248:
7242:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7214:
7207:
7200:
7197:
7193:
7187:
7171:
7167:
7166:
7161:
7154:
7138:
7134:
7128:
7112:
7108:
7105:
7099:
7083:
7079:
7072:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7015:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6980:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6938:
6936:
6927:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6896:
6894:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6840:
6834:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6799:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6769:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6739:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6708:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6678:
6662:
6658:
6652:
6650:
6642:
6638:
6635:
6630:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6611:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6592:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6573:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6554:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6525:
6509:
6505:
6499:
6483:
6479:
6472:
6471:
6463:
6461:
6444:
6440:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6421:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6368:
6366:
6349:
6345:
6339:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6293:
6289:
6283:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6219:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6190:
6176:on 2023-11-05
6175:
6171:
6165:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6139:
6133:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6054:
6045:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6010:
6002:
5998:
5992:
5976:
5972:
5971:
5964:
5958:March 8, 2011
5957:
5951:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5896:
5889:
5884:
5877:
5872:
5865:
5860:
5844:
5840:
5834:
5825:
5810:
5806:
5799:
5797:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5774:Minnesota DNR
5770:
5764:
5756:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5731:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5691:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5647:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5594:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5527:
5518:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5430:
5424:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5375:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5310:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5241:
5222:
5215:
5209:
5200:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5155:
5151:
5145:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5075:
5068:
5062:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5007:
4999:
4983:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4959:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4940:
4932:
4926:
4922:
4915:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4892:
4884:
4877:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4838:
4831:
4829:
4821:
4809:
4805:
4803:0-8020-7021-3
4799:
4795:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4771:
4763:
4756:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4681:
4673:
4666:
4658:
4651:
4649:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4629:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4526:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4469:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4429:on 2022-11-30
4428:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4376:
4366:
4364:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4344:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4313:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4279:
4277:1-56098-775-8
4273:
4269:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4162:(6): 445â61.
4161:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3971:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3943:
3937:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3845:(Online). n.d
3844:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3824:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3744:
3736:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3693:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3653:Scott, Robert
3650:
3646:
3637:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3567:
3566:"Alces alces"
3561:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3440:domestication
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3387:Domestication
3377:
3372:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3289:New Brunswick
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3196:New Brunswick
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3068:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3021:Julius Caesar
3017:
3014:
3013:trapping pits
3010:
3009:Stora Alvaret
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2993:rock drawings
2985:
2977:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2915:Caucasian elk
2912:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:A. a. shirasi
2875:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2838:Alaskan moose
2836:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2781:Western moose
2779:
2778:
2773:
2770:and northern
2769:
2765:
2761:
2760:Massachusetts
2757:
2753:
2752:New Hampshire
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2718:Eastern moose
2716:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2694:Alazeya River
2691:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:Yenisei River
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2602:11 in).
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2581:and northern
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2523:European elk
2522:
2521:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2179:brought from
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:Yenisei River
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1840:Massachusetts
1837:
1836:New Hampshire
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:Eastern moose
1788:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:Lake Superior
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:North America
1676:
1670:North America
1667:
1663:
1655:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1579:
1574:
1565:
1560:
1551:
1546:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:Endoparasites
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:Ectoparasites
1458:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:Puma concolor
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1212:striped maple
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1131:
1128:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
995:
989:
984:
980:
976:
971:
964:
959:
955:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
931:
929:
923:
916:
912:
905:
901:
896:
887:
884:
880:
862:
852:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
826:
822:
819:
816:(compare the
815:
810:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
727:
723:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
673:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:Baltic states
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
503:First Nations
500:
499:tribal groups
496:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:North America
451:
447:
446:
442:in the genus
441:
437:
433:
430:
427:and heaviest
426:
422:
421:
416:
408:
400:
386:
383:
382:
380:
377:
373:
368:
364:
359:
354:
350:
344:
342:
336:
333:
332:Binomial name
329:
325:
324:
323:A. alces
319:
316:
315:
310:
305:
304:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
211:
206:
202:
196:
182:
176:
171:
170:Least Concern
160:
156:
151:
146:
142:
137:
132:
128:
123:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
40:
37:
33:
26:
22:
14518:Cervus alces
14517:
14194:
14165:Wolf hunting
14140:Deer hunting
14125:Bear hunting
14074:Fox squirrel
14047:Other quarry
13992:
13925:Ross's goose
13905:Lesser scaup
13885:Canada goose
13702:
13690:
13679:H. amphibius
13678:
13668:Hippopotamus
13666:
13646:Whippomorpha
13615:
13606:
13597:
13585:
13573:
13564:
13555:
13546:
13534:
13483:
13471:
13459:
13447:
13435:
13423:
13398:
13389:
13380:
13371:
13362:
13353:
13344:
13335:
13327:S. cebifrons
13326:
13317:
13308:
13296:
13284:
13275:
13263:
13251:
13239:
13228:P. africanus
13227:
13218:
13208:Phacochoerus
13206:
13194:
13182:
13170:
13161:
13153:B. babyrussa
13152:
13140:
13089:
13077:
13065:
13057:P. maxwellii
13056:
13048:P. monticola
13047:
13035:
13023:
13014:
13005:
12996:
12988:C. rufilatus
12987:
12978:
12969:
12960:
12951:
12942:
12933:
12924:
12915:
12906:
12905:Bay duiker (
12898:C. crusalbum
12897:
12888:
12879:
12870:
12858:
12850:Cephalophini
12833:
12825:R. melanotis
12824:
12815:
12803:
12791:
12779:
12767:
12755:
12743:
12735:N. moschatus
12734:
12725:
12713:
12701:
12692:
12683:
12675:M. guentheri
12674:
12662:
12651:D. megalotis
12650:
12638:
12613:
12601:
12590:P. hodgsonii
12589:
12577:
12554:
12545:
12537:P. gutturosa
12536:
12524:
12512:
12503:
12494:
12485:
12476:
12464:
12452:
12440:
12428:
12419:
12410:
12401:
12393:G. erlangeri
12392:
12383:
12374:
12366:G. bennettii
12365:
12353:
12341:
12333:E. thomsonii
12332:
12324:E. rufifrons
12323:
12314:
12302:
12290:
12278:
12266:
12254:
12242:
12230:
12172:
12164:T. derbianus
12163:
12151:
12139:
12130:
12121:
12112:
12103:
12095:T. eurycerus
12094:
12085:
12076:
12052:
12044:Tragelaphini
12027:
12015:
12003:
11991:
11979:
11970:
11962:B. javanicus
11961:
11952:
11944:B. grunniens
11943:
11934:
11926:B. frontalis
11925:
11916:
11907:
11898:
11886:
11874:
11865:
11856:
11847:
11838:
11826:
11801:
11789:
11777:
11765:
11712:R. rupicapra
11711:
11703:R. pyrenaica
11702:
11690:
11678:
11666:
11654:
11645:
11644:Snow sheep (
11636:
11627:
11626:Dall sheep (
11618:
11609:
11600:
11588:
11577:N. hylocrius
11576:
11564:
11553:O. moschatus
11552:
11540:
11528:
11516:
11504:
11495:
11486:
11477:
11465:
11453:
11441:
11429:
11420:
11411:
11402:
11390:
11378:
11377:Walia ibex (
11369:
11361:C. pyrenaica
11360:
11351:
11342:
11333:
11325:C. falconeri
11324:
11315:
11306:
11297:
11285:
11274:B. taxicolor
11273:
11261:
11249:
11237:
11225:
11213:
11129:P. hodgsonii
11128:
11116:
11091:
11082:
11072:Connochaetes
11070:
11058:
11057:Hartebeest (
11046:
11034:
11025:
11013:
11001:
10989:
10981:Alcelaphinae
10965:P. capreolus
10964:
10952:
10927:
10915:
10890:
10881:
10873:R. arundinum
10872:
10860:
10848:
10840:K. megaceros
10839:
10830:
10821:
10812:
10800:
10775:
10763:
10751:
10742:
10733:
10724:
10712:
10700:
10691:
10679:
10626:
10617:
10608:
10596:
10584:
10575:
10562:
10550:
10540:
10528:
10516:
10515:Marsh deer (
10504:
10492:
10480:
10468:
10459:
10450:
10441:
10432:
10423:
10414:
10405:
10397:M. americana
10396:
10384:
10372:
10363:
10353:Hippocamelus
10351:
10339:
10327:
10315:
10307:C. capreolus
10306:
10294:
10282:
10281:Water deer (
10270:
10258:
10256:
10247:
10246:
10221:
10212:
10203:
10194:
10185:
10173:
10161:
10152:
10144:R. mariannus
10143:
10134:
10122:
10110:
10098:
10086:
10085:Eld's deer (
10077:
10076:Barasingha (
10065:
10053:
10044:
10035:
10026:
10014:
10002:
9993:
9981:
9969:
9957:
9945:
9937:M. vaginalis
9936:
9927:
9918:
9909:
9900:
9891:
9882:
9873:
9864:
9855:
9846:
9838:M. atherodes
9837:
9825:
9748:
9739:
9731:T. nigricans
9730:
9721:
9712:
9704:T. javanicus
9703:
9691:
9679:
9670:
9661:
9649:
9638:H. aquaticus
9637:
9625:
9600:
9591:
9582:
9573:
9564:
9555:
9546:
9534:
9509:
9500:
9491:
9482:
9470:
9459:O. johnstoni
9458:
9446:
9422:A. americana
9421:
9409:
9371:Superorder:
9365:Infraclass:
9336:Artiodactyla
9290:. Retrieved
9286:the original
9230:
9208:
9188:
9168:
9150:
9133:29 September
9131:. Retrieved
9122:
9113:
9094:
9089:
9078:. Retrieved
9064:
9053:. Retrieved
9044:
9035:
9027:
9011:
8994:(in Swedish)
8989:
8979:February 11,
8977:. Retrieved
8960:
8948:. Retrieved
8944:the original
8934:
8915:
8896:
8888:the original
8883:
8874:
8865:
8855:
8848:(in Swedish)
8843:
8794:
8790:
8784:
8772:
8746:. Retrieved
8726:
8718:
8712:
8700:. Retrieved
8696:the original
8686:
8653:
8649:
8643:
8631:. Retrieved
8617:
8598:
8590:the original
8580:
8570:February 16,
8568:. Retrieved
8554:
8543:. Retrieved
8539:the original
8527:John Bostock
8521:
8502:
8496:
8480:. Elsevier.
8476:
8469:
8457:. Retrieved
8453:the original
8443:
8435:
8430:
8418:. Retrieved
8398:
8390:
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8376:
8364:. Retrieved
8360:the original
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8323:
8311:. Retrieved
8302:
8293:
8275:
8263:. Retrieved
8259:the original
8249:
8239:February 26,
8237:. Retrieved
8228:
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8214:
8202:. Retrieved
8198:the original
8188:
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8154:the original
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8112:
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8096:the original
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7986:
7974:. Retrieved
7954:
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7935:the original
7922:
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7896:
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7854:
7835:
7827:the original
7822:
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7718:. Retrieved
7704:
7681:
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7534:
7525:
7513:. Retrieved
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7474:
7462:. Retrieved
7448:
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7422:
7410:. Retrieved
7406:the original
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7392:
7380:. Retrieved
7376:the original
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7298:
7292:
7286:
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7261:December 28,
7259:. Retrieved
7250:
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7174:. Retrieved
7163:
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7141:. Retrieved
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7071:
7028:
7024:
7014:
6989:
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6967:. Retrieved
6947:
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6934:
6926:
6914:. Retrieved
6905:
6859:
6855:
6849:
6841:
6838:
6833:
6821:. Retrieved
6813:PBS Newshour
6812:
6798:
6788:December 15,
6786:. Retrieved
6777:
6768:
6756:. Retrieved
6747:
6738:
6726:. Retrieved
6722:the original
6717:
6707:
6695:. Retrieved
6686:
6677:
6665:. Retrieved
6661:the original
6629:
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6591:
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6553:
6543:November 22,
6541:. Retrieved
6531:
6524:
6512:. Retrieved
6498:
6488:November 22,
6486:. Retrieved
6469:
6447:. Retrieved
6427:
6420:
6411:
6398:
6386:. Retrieved
6381:
6377:
6352:. Retrieved
6338:
6326:. Retrieved
6317:
6308:
6298:November 27,
6296:. Retrieved
6292:the original
6282:
6271:. Retrieved
6262:
6253:
6241:. Retrieved
6232:
6228:
6218:
6207:. Retrieved
6198:
6189:
6178:. Retrieved
6174:the original
6164:
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6143:Star Tribune
6141:
6132:
6120:. Retrieved
6111:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6044:
6032:. Retrieved
6000:
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5991:
5979:. Retrieved
5969:
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5907:
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5895:
5887:
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5875:
5871:
5863:
5859:
5847:. Retrieved
5843:the original
5833:
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5814:September 1,
5812:. Retrieved
5785:November 11,
5783:. Retrieved
5779:the original
5772:
5763:
5738:
5730:
5720:February 16,
5718:. Retrieved
5714:the original
5703:
5690:
5657:
5653:
5646:
5634:. Retrieved
5607:
5603:
5593:
5540:
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5526:
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5475:
5471:
5469:
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5458:the original
5453:
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5431:
5423:
5408:
5404:
5394:February 16,
5392:. Retrieved
5388:the original
5381:
5374:
5364:February 16,
5362:. Retrieved
5358:the original
5348:
5340:the original
5316:
5309:
5297:. Retrieved
5288:
5279:
5267:. Retrieved
5247:
5240:
5228:. Retrieved
5221:the original
5208:
5199:
5188:. Retrieved
5179:
5170:
5160:November 27,
5158:. Retrieved
5154:the original
5144:
5134:December 10,
5132:. Retrieved
5104:
5100:
5087:
5079:
5074:
5066:
5061:
5051:November 27,
5049:. Retrieved
5045:the original
5034:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4988:November 27,
4986:. Retrieved
4982:the original
4971:
4963:
4958:
4939:
4920:
4914:
4906:the original
4901:
4891:
4882:
4876:
4864:. Retrieved
4855:
4845:
4836:
4819:
4812:. Retrieved
4792:
4785:
4776:
4770:
4761:
4755:
4743:. Retrieved
4739:the original
4734:
4731:"Moose diet"
4725:
4716:
4710:
4687:
4680:
4671:
4665:
4656:
4628:
4616:. Retrieved
4602:
4590:. Retrieved
4576:
4539:
4535:
4525:
4513:. Retrieved
4499:
4487:. Retrieved
4482:
4476:
4468:
4456:. Retrieved
4442:
4431:. Retrieved
4427:the original
4422:
4412:
4403:
4394:
4385:
4375:
4343:
4325:
4320:
4297:
4267:
4246:The Guardian
4245:
4230:. Retrieved
4208:(3): 533â5.
4205:
4201:
4191:
4179:. Retrieved
4159:
4155:
4142:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4077:
4040:. Retrieved
4031:
4022:
4007:
3989:November 27,
3987:. Retrieved
3983:the original
3954:
3949:
3941:
3936:
3926:November 27,
3924:. Retrieved
3920:the original
3910:
3892:Mesothelioma
3891:
3885:
3875:November 27,
3873:. Retrieved
3869:the original
3859:
3847:. Retrieved
3840:
3831:
3813:February 16,
3811:. Retrieved
3801:
3790:
3767:
3756:
3748:
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3734:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3705:
3699:
3692:
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3670:
3656:
3636:
3624:. Retrieved
3613:
3607:
3581:. Retrieved
3569:
3560:
3548:. Retrieved
3534:
3528:
3522:
3514:
3500:Ălgen Stolta
3457:
3444:
3412:World War II
3408:Soviet Union
3405:
3354:
3339:Warning sign
3313:
3310:
3286:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3220:
3207:
3178:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3102:
3092:
3056:
3048:
3042:
3034:
3032:
3024:
3018:
3005:Alby, Sweden
2990:
2926:
2917:
2876:
2867:
2849:
2840:
2830:North Dakota
2792:
2783:
2764:Rhode Island
2729:
2720:
2687:
2662:
2617:
2608:
2585:, including
2533:
2524:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2452:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2372:C. latifrons
2371:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2271:
2252:
2239:
2217:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2153:
2130:
2086:
1995:
1975:
1948:liver flukes
1925:
1866:Newfoundland
1863:
1856:
1816:
1811:Hudson River
1807:Pennsylvania
1804:
1796:Rhode Island
1789:
1754:area of the
1700:North Dakota
1677:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1638:
1634:
1622:
1594:
1527:
1516:
1509:
1484:dog tapeworm
1476:winter ticks
1464:
1455:moose botfly
1452:
1448:
1431:
1418:
1411:Orcinus orca
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1379:Ursus arctos
1378:
1370:
1362:
1356:
1337:saddle from
1257:animals but
1252:
1216:
1185:
1153:
1124:
1095:
1092:Skin and fur
1067:
1046:
1038:
972:
968:
962:
951:Scandinavian
946:
942:
938:
936:
932:
924:
920:
878:
857:
839:
831:
827:
820:
818:Narragansett
811:
804:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
763:
759:
721:
710:
697:
685:
684:
630:
598:North Dakota
542:Fennoscandia
507:
495:colonial era
489:
444:
443:
440:only species
419:
418:
406:
398:
396:
385:Cervus alces
384:
340:
338:
322:
321:
302:
301:
262:Artiodactyla
36:
14426:NatureServe
14348:iNaturalist
14239:Alces_alces
14225:Alces alces
14219:Wikispecies
14195:Alces alces
14145:Fox hunting
13556:L. guanicoe
13415:Tayassuidae
13379:Wild boar (
13318:S. barbatus
13276:P. larvatus
13252:P. salvania
13250:Pygmy hog (
13184:Hylochoerus
13037:Philantomba
12925:C. jentinki
12907:C. dorsalis
12860:Cephalophus
12744:N. pygmaeus
12702:M. saltiana
12640:Dorcatragus
12614:S. tatarica
12504:N. petersii
12442:Litocranius
12342:E. tilonura
12289:Blackbuck (
12265:Springbok (
12208:Antilopinae
12206:(subfamily
12153:Taurotragus
12120:Sitatunga (
12113:T. scriptus
12104:T. imberbis
12061:(including
12054:Tragelaphus
11875:B. quarlesi
11757:Boselaphini
11741:(subfamily
11646:O. nivicola
11487:N. caudatus
11476:Red goral (
11467:Naemorhedus
11430:C. swinhoei
11410:Red serow (
11392:Capricornis
11370:C. sibirica
11307:C. caucasia
11298:C. aegagrus
11296:Wild goat (
11250:A. jayakari
11239:Arabitragus
11198:(subfamily
11169:Antilopinae
11092:C. taurinus
11035:D. pygargus
10928:A. melampus
10849:K. vardonii
10811:Waterbuck (
10752:O. leucoryx
10681:Hippotragus
10609:O. hemionus
10607:Mule deer (
10506:Blastocerus
10415:M. bricenii
10373:H. bisulcus
10340:R. tarandus
10316:C. pygargus
10238:Capreolinae
10220:Sika deer (
10162:R. unicolor
10151:Rusa deer (
10054:A. porcinus
9874:M. montanus
9671:M. kathygre
9420:Pronghorn (
9411:Antilocapra
8950:November 6,
8884:Aftenposten
8633:November 6,
8459:December 7,
8265:December 1,
8178:15 December
8092:"zm.gov.lv"
8035:Aftenposten
7720:November 9,
7545:November 4,
7400:Alces alces
7351:27 November
7283:Alces alces
7192:Alces alces
7176:January 16,
6935:Alces alces
6758:February 6,
6728:December 6,
6718:KCRG News 9
6514:November 9,
6122:December 6,
6064:Bison bison
6001:Alces alces
5997:Canis lupus
5849:November 6,
5566:10852/85965
5543:: 120â126.
5476:C. ulrichii
5472:Alces alces
5269:February 2,
4477:Alces alces
3942:Alces alces
3849:October 25,
3718:January 15,
3626:January 15,
3571:NatureServe
3550:19 November
3523:Alces alces
3487:Hirvensalmi
3468:Hirvensalmi
3355:A. a. gigas
3293:Fredericton
3277:Aftenposten
3072:trophy head
2850:A. a. gigas
2824:, northern
2800:to western
2768:Connecticut
2599:Switzerland
2534:A. a. alces
2412:Populations
2380:L. gallicus
2329:L. gallicus
2325:L. gallicus
2274:Capreolinae
2251:Antlers of
2214:New Zealand
2204:A. a. gigas
2078:Mecklenburg
2074:Switzerland
2070:Netherlands
2058:Charlemagne
1976:A. a. alces
1956:winter tick
1952:brain worms
1859:Great Lakes
1848:Connecticut
1728:Isle Royale
1714:, northern
1710:, northern
1704:New England
1702:, northern
1694:), most of
1383:Black bears
1375:Brown bears
1371:Canis lupus
1367:gray wolves
1219:black flies
1110:guard hairs
1098:deer family
947:A. a. alces
883:Yukon River
879:A. a. gigas
846:Description
748:Old English
686:Alces alces
526:New England
466:circumpolar
450:land animal
420:Alces alces
341:Alces alces
282:Capreolinae
278:Subfamily:
195:NatureServe
14616:Categories
14533:Q109647135
14033:Polar bear
14028:Dall sheep
13968:Brown bear
13958:Black bear
13930:Snow goose
13890:Canvasback
13880:Black duck
13783:Game birds
13692:Choeropsis
13574:L. vicugna
13460:C. wagneri
13363:S. oliveri
13354:S. heureni
13090:S. grimmia
13079:Sylvicapra
13066:P. walteri
12979:C. rubidis
12970:C. ogilbyi
12916:C. harveyi
12880:C. brookei
12834:R. sharpei
12814:Steenbok (
12805:Raphicerus
12757:Oreotragus
12630:Neotragini
12579:Pantholops
12495:N. notatus
12453:L. walleri
12402:G. gazella
12375:G. cuvieri
12364:Chinkara (
12256:Antidorcas
12243:A. clarkei
12232:Ammodorcas
12222:Antilopini
12122:T. spekeii
12086:T. buxtoni
12077:T. angasii
11969:Wild yak (
11953:B. indicus
11908:B. bonasus
11848:B. bubalis
11791:Boselaphus
11767:Tetracerus
11637:O. gmelini
11505:N. griseus
11478:N. baileyi
11443:Hemitragus
11412:C. rubidus
11403:C. crispus
11352:C. nubiana
11215:Ammotragus
11118:Pantholops
11048:Alcelaphus
11033:Bontebok (
11026:D. lunatus
11015:Damaliscus
11002:B. hunteri
10891:R. redunca
10792:Reduncinae
10743:O. gazella
10692:H. equinus
10618:O. pandora
10598:Odocoileus
10482:Ozotoceros
10338:Reindeer (
10283:H. inermis
10272:Hydropotes
10195:C. elaphus
10193:Red deer (
10135:R. alfredi
10052:Hog deer (
9910:M. reevesi
9883:M. muntjak
9713:T. kanchil
9680:M. meminna
9627:Hyemoschus
9617:Tragulidae
9574:M. cupreus
9492:G. giraffa
9438:Giraffidae
9389:Ruminantia
9292:2007-01-28
9080:2021-04-14
9055:2021-04-14
8748:October 4,
8721:, 453â463.
8545:2009-11-08
8420:August 18,
8102:October 6,
7601:2023-06-15
7464:16 January
7438:16 January
7219:(4): 449.
6969:January 8,
6744:"tm Moose"
6697:January 9,
6687:Dec.ny.gov
6667:August 20,
6388:January 2,
6328:August 19,
6273:2023-10-22
6243:4 November
6209:2023-11-05
6180:2023-11-05
5636:28 October
5190:2022-04-02
4814:August 28,
4745:January 9,
4735:Mooseworld
4633:Moose diet
4618:22 January
4592:October 2,
4515:October 2,
4489:4 November
4433:2022-11-30
4232:2019-10-18
4042:22 January
3825:required.)
3784:required.)
3507:References
3436:physiology
3432:moose milk
3297:Saint John
3240:moose test
3231:seat belts
2949:Azerbaijan
2902:Washington
2516:Subspecies
2338:Dall sheep
2266:stag-moose
1916:Moose calf
1772:Washington
1591:Aggression
1569:(9 months)
1555:(3 months)
1439:blood loss
1399:Wolverines
1200:dandelions
1192:prehensile
1150:Moose mate
917:of a moose
653:wolverines
626:New Mexico
570:Kazakhstan
14018:Pronghorn
14013:Mule deer
13963:Razorback
13935:Wood duck
13872:Waterfowl
13820:Ptarmigan
13644:Suborder
13554:Guanaco (
13526:Camelidae
13512:Suborder
13484:D. tajacu
13473:Dicotyles
13449:Catagonus
13436:T. pecari
13381:S. scrofa
13285:P. porcus
13274:Bushpig (
13142:Babyrousa
13118:Suborder
13015:C. weynsi
13006:C. spadix
12871:C. adersi
12792:O. ourebi
12726:N. batesi
12715:Neotragus
12684:M. kirkii
12486:N. granti
12451:Gerenuk (
12420:G. spekei
12384:G. dorcas
12241:Dibatag (
12028:S. caffer
11993:Pseudoryx
11980:B. taurus
11960:Banteng (
11935:B. gaurus
11864:Tamaraw (
11710:Chamois (
11692:Rupicapra
11679:P. nayaur
11655:O. vignei
11635:Mouflon (
11334:C. hircus
11323:Markhor (
11226:A. lervia
10991:Beatragus
10917:Aepyceros
10741:Gemsbok (
10734:O. dammah
10576:P. carlae
10469:M. temama
10460:M. rufina
10424:M. chunyi
10406:M. bororo
10296:Capreolus
10222:C. nippon
10213:C. hanglu
10100:Elaphurus
10045:A. kuhlii
9959:Elaphodus
9827:Muntiacus
9662:M. indica
9651:Moschiola
9583:M. fuscus
9526:Moschidae
9387:Suborder
9347:Kingdom:
9297:from the
8819:0364-152X
8586:"adn.com"
8129:Postimees
8010:RiistaWeb
7779:225467866
7771:0305-0270
7535:NZ Herald
7515:March 27,
7412:August 7,
7382:August 7,
7063:236985989
7055:0022-541X
6916:8 January
6884:226361594
6235:: 53â68.
6199:gf.nd.gov
6154:April 20,
5981:22 August
5626:220526796
5026:266933839
5012:(34e11).
4856:USA Today
4542:(1): 33.
4134:129492491
4126:0962-8452
3489:, Finland
3115:red meats
3001:Stone Age
2991:European
2826:Minnesota
2822:Wisconsin
2738:, all of
2632:Manchuria
2567:Lithuania
2485:Lithuania
2423:In Canada
2376:Irish elk
2300:Libralces
2295:Cervalces
2224:Fiordland
2089:Lithuania
1940:parasites
1936:subarctic
1928:temperate
1904:Cow moose
1716:Wisconsin
1712:Minnesota
1630:Anchorage
1541:(newborn)
1461:Parasites
1403:Gulo gulo
1288:stripping
1267:ruminants
1102:eyelashes
1086:footprint
1078:pronghorn
1050:rhinarium
988:exostoses
975:castrated
838:form was
768:Old Norse
706:Algonquin
681:Etymology
637:Predators
610:Wisconsin
590:Minnesota
481:temperate
317:Species:
228:Kingdom:
222:Eukaryota
14527:Wikidata
14431:2.104982
14418:14200208
14392:56003281
14366:11098270
14246:BioLib:
14204:Wikidata
14118:See also
14079:Gray fox
13945:Big game
13850:Woodcock
13616:C. ferus
13572:Vicuña (
13565:L. pacos
13563:Alpaca (
13547:L. glama
13514:Tylopoda
13024:C. zebra
12952:C. niger
12526:Procapra
12304:Eudorcas
12280:Antilope
12017:Syncerus
11978:Cattle (
11971:B. mutus
11899:B. bison
11839:B. arnee
11800:Nilgai (
11677:Bharal (
11668:Pseudois
11628:O. dalli
11610:O. aries
11601:O. ammon
11599:Argali (
11551:Muskox (
11518:Oreamnos
11496:N. goral
11379:C. walie
11263:Budorcas
11200:Caprinae
11145:Caprinae
11000:Hirola (
10944:Peleinae
10926:Impala (
10831:K. leche
10829:Lechwe (
10725:O. beisa
10701:H. niger
10362:Taruca (
10329:Rangifer
10259:A. alces
10160:Sambar (
10087:R. eldii
10067:Rucervus
10025:Chital (
9817:Cervinae
9804:Cervidae
9765:Cervidae
9693:Tragulus
9367:Eutheria
9361:Mammalia
9355:Chordata
9353:Phylum:
9349:Animalia
9272:Archived
9155:Archived
9127:Archived
9074:Archived
9049:Archived
9020:Archived
9000:Archived
8973:Archived
8969:CBC News
8923:Archived
8904:Archived
8835:13700403
8827:29744581
8758:cite web
8739:Archived
8627:Archived
8606:Archived
8564:Archived
8533:(eds.).
8411:Archived
8366:June 27,
8334:Archived
8307:Archived
8283:Archived
8233:Archived
8204:June 27,
8172:Archived
8121:Archived
8070:Archived
8040:Archived
8013:Archived
7994:Archived
7967:Archived
7906:Archived
7885:Archived
7862:Archived
7843:Archived
7714:Archived
7595:Archived
7539:Archived
7509:Archived
7458:Archived
7432:Archived
7345:Archived
7324:Archived
7255:Archived
7233:30772675
7170:Archived
7137:Archived
7111:Archived
7082:Archived
6960:Archived
6910:Archived
6823:April 8,
6817:Archived
6803:credits
6782:Archived
6752:Archived
6691:Archived
6637:Archived
6618:Archived
6599:Archived
6580:Archived
6561:Archived
6537:Archived
6508:Archived
6482:Archived
6449:June 25,
6443:Archived
6354:June 27,
6348:Archived
6322:Archived
6267:Archived
6237:Archived
6203:Archived
6148:Archived
6116:Archived
6088:49315294
6025:Archived
5975:Archived
5942:20008798
5682:19770221
5674:25390764
5630:Archived
5585:33996444
5464:June 21,
5336:80431846
5293:Archived
5263:Archived
5230:June 22,
5184:Archived
5125:Archived
4947:Archived
4860:Archived
4808:Archived
4636:Archived
4612:Archived
4586:Archived
4568:27437025
4509:Archived
4452:Archived
4380:667-692.
4351:Archived
4331:Archived
4226:Archived
4222:44737101
4172:Archived
4168:23736846
4036:Archived
3712:Archived
3620:Archived
3583:17 April
3577:Archived
3573:Explorer
3494:See also
3472:MÀntsÀlÀ
3454:Heraldry
3256:Elchtest
2882:Colorado
2818:Michigan
2772:New York
2742:and the
2652:Mongolia
2648:Chukotka
2628:Mongolia
2622:Eastern
2579:Slovakia
2493:: 28,000
2481:: 13,260
2313:Pliocene
2278:Pliocene
2268:skeleton
2220:Hokitika
2181:Chukotka
2176:poaching
2160:Mongolia
2126:Caucasus
2122:Slovakia
2068:and the
2050:Scotland
1870:ungulate
1844:New York
1800:pemmican
1748:Colorado
1720:Michigan
1443:paralyze
1435:perineum
1335:Iron Age
1302:fireweed
1263:giraffes
1259:browsers
1181:pondweed
1106:whiskers
1074:dewclaws
1030:roe deer
898:Growing
676:Taxonomy
618:Oklahoma
586:Michigan
578:Colorado
566:Mongolia
552:region,
550:Caucasus
438:and the
376:Synonyms
349:Linnaeus
272:Cervidae
268:Family:
252:Mammalia
242:Chordata
238:Phylum:
232:Animalia
218:Domain:
175:IUCN 3.1
14637:Alceini
14594:ZooBank
14573:4409380
14405:1006285
14340:2440940
14160:Fishing
14155:Whaling
14104:Red fox
14099:Raccoon
14089:Opossum
13978:Caribou
13920:Redhead
13910:Mallard
13895:Gadwall
13728:Cetacea
13719:Cetacea
13587:Camelus
13545:Llama (
13425:Tayassu
13241:Porcula
12790:Oribi (
12781:Ourebia
12664:Madoqua
12649:Beira (
12570:Saigini
12477:N. dama
12355:Gazella
12204:Bovidae
12202:Family
12173:T. oryx
12093:Bongo (
12075:Nyala (
12002:Saola (
11924:Gayal (
11828:Bubalus
11743:Bovinae
11739:Bovidae
11737:Family
11653:Urial (
11343:C. ibex
11272:Takin (
11196:Bovidae
11194:Family
11157:Bovinae
11083:C. gnou
10862:Redunca
10774:Addax (
10658:Bovidae
10656:Family
10564:Pudella
10551:P. pudu
10442:M. nana
10257:Moose (
10027:A. axis
9994:D. dama
9856:M. feae
9802:Family
9777:Bovidae
9722:T. napu
9536:Moschus
9472:Giraffa
9457:Okapi (
9359:Class:
9338:species
9334:Extant
8799:Bibcode
8702:July 3,
8678:3381081
8658:Bibcode
8313:June 4,
8231:: 1â4.
7976:June 4,
7944:June 4,
7912:June 4,
7803:May 25,
7749:Bibcode
7579:Bibcode
7251:Spiegel
7143:June 4,
7117:June 4,
7088:June 4,
7033:Bibcode
6994:Bibcode
6864:Bibcode
6683:"Moose"
6384:: 37â52
6034:May 15,
5922:Bibcode
5805:"Moose"
5769:"Moose"
5576:8105593
5545:Bibcode
5504:Bibcode
5432:Science
5299:May 15,
5121:3872518
4866:May 18,
4559:4949748
4505:"Moose"
4458:June 4,
4370:767-19.
3916:"Moose"
3837:"moose"
3797:"moose"
3763:"moose"
3698:"alce,
3661:at the
3464:Ontario
3410:before
3353:Moose (
3248:Ălgtest
3244:Swedish
3235:airbags
3188:kidneys
3180:Cadmium
3164:caribou
3111:protein
3087:shellac
3062:As food
2971:History
2945:Georgia
2941:Armenia
2906:Wyoming
2890:Montana
2814:Nunavut
2802:Ontario
2756:Vermont
2736:Ontario
2644:Siberia
2624:Siberia
2591:Germany
2587:Bohemia
2583:Ukraine
2571:Belarus
2555:Estonia
2539:Finland
2479:Estonia
2461:Finland
2168:Siberia
2145:Ăresund
2141:Zealand
2114:Ukraine
2110:Belarus
2098:Biebrza
2082:Germany
2046:Siberia
2034:Ukraine
2030:Belarus
2018:Estonia
2010:Finland
1876:in the
1832:Vermont
1764:Montana
1760:Wyoming
1740:Alberta
1649:Habitat
1626:hackles
1617:hackles
1512:diurnal
1391:cougars
1339:Siberia
1255:grazing
1198:, like
1082:caribou
900:antlers
890:Antlers
872:⁄
840:*mo·swa
764:*elhon-
633:browser
622:Arizona
614:Wyoming
606:Vermont
594:Montana
554:Belarus
514:Nunavut
491:Hunting
475:of the
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432:species
425:largest
415:Eurasia
298:Genus:
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288:Tribe:
258:Order:
248:Class:
193: (
191:Secure
173: (
114:↓
14586:898282
14480:460509
14451:NZOR:
14379:180703
14353:522193
14314:305254
14301:ALCSAL
14288:328654
14262:201855
14210:Q35517
14094:Rabbit
14069:Coyote
14064:Bobcat
14059:Badger
14038:Whales
14023:Muskox
13845:Turkey
13795:Chukar
13132:Suidae
12733:Suni (
12466:Nanger
11951:Zebu (
11933:Gaur (
11818:Bovini
11542:Ovibos
10847:Puku (
10822:K. kob
10386:Mazama
10175:Cervus
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4181:May 2,
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4006:Wood,
3961:
3898:
3606:"elk,
3462:, and
3401:Vyborg
3252:German
3127:wapiti
3117:(e.g.
3081:Moose
3070:Moose
2953:Turkey
2894:Oregon
2855:Alaska
2808:, the
2740:Quebec
2706:Koryak
2702:Anadyr
2698:Kolyma
2673:Ussuri
2595:France
2563:Poland
2559:Russia
2551:Latvia
2547:Norway
2543:Sweden
2509:Sweden
2503:Russia
2491:Poland
2473:Latvia
2467:Norway
2334:wapiti
2156:Russia
2120:, and
2106:Poland
2066:Alsace
2062:France
2038:Russia
2022:Poland
2014:Latvia
2006:Sweden
2002:Norway
1998:Europe
1990:Norway
1932:Arctic
1824:Quebec
1776:Oregon
1774:, and
1726:, and
1696:Alaska
1688:arctic
1684:Canada
1601:wolves
1474:, and
1389:) and
1318:beaver
1177:lilies
1173:sodium
1165:willow
1127:dewlap
1121:Dewlap
1056:Hooves
904:velvet
861:wapiti
760:*elho-
704:(from
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572:, and
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548:, the
544:, the
528:(with
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510:Canada
429:extant
311:, 1821
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14632:Moose
14560:11384
14555:EUNIS
14547:5XMWM
14493:43850
14467:20725
14361:IRMNG
14249:20892
13993:Moose
13120:Suina
12603:Saiga
12544:Goa (
12063:kudus
11287:Capra
10954:Pelea
10820:Kob (
10802:Kobus
10765:Addax
10248:Alces
10202:Elk (
8831:S2CID
8742:(PDF)
8735:(PDF)
8414:(PDF)
8407:(PDF)
8391:Moose
8225:Alces
7970:(PDF)
7963:(PDF)
7938:(PDF)
7931:(PDF)
7775:S2CID
7428:"Elg"
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7059:S2CID
6963:(PDF)
6940:(PDF)
6880:S2CID
6474:(PDF)
6408:(PDF)
6378:Alces
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6074:(3).
6028:(PDF)
6021:(PDF)
5938:S2CID
5678:S2CID
5622:S2CID
5610:(2).
5224:(PDF)
5217:(PDF)
5128:(PDF)
5117:JSTOR
5097:(PDF)
5022:S2CID
5006:Ursus
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4218:S2CID
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4082:24â27
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3819:
3778:
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2886:Idaho
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2806:Yukon
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2290:Alces
2286:Alces
2164:China
1942:from
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1768:Idaho
1597:bears
1407:Orcas
1304:plant
1196:forbs
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1034:Inuit
928:tines
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14581:ITIS
14568:GBIF
14506:1419
14444:9852
14439:NCBI
14387:IUCN
14374:ITIS
14335:GBIF
14296:EPPO
14275:BHC3
14257:BOLD
14003:Wolf
13726:see
13536:Lama
11590:Ovis
10714:Oryx
10530:Pudu
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9214:ISBN
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7633:ISBN
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6971:2018
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6825:2014
6790:2014
6760:2011
6730:2013
6699:2011
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6545:2013
6516:2012
6490:2013
6478:M.S.
6451:2011
6433:ISBN
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6330:2010
6300:2009
6245:2023
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6036:2018
5983:2021
5851:2009
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5332:OCLC
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5301:2016
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5232:2012
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4925:ISBN
4868:2014
4816:2020
4798:ISBN
4747:2011
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4620:2024
4594:2018
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4086:ISBN
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3991:2009
3959:ISBN
3928:2009
3896:ISBN
3877:2009
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3815:2011
3720:2021
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3119:beef
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2995:and
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