31:
470:(1989) that a new rule is not retroactive on collateral review unless it is substantive or "watershed", Kennedy said the decision was founded on substantive grounds, based "on the diminished culpability of all juvenile offenders, who are, he said, immature, susceptible to peer pressure and capable of change. Very few, he said, are incorrigible. But he added that as a general matter the punishment was out of bounds."
463:
The Court first found that it had jurisdiction over
Louisiana's prisoner because the rule governing retroactivity is constitutional, not statutory. Next, Justice Kennedy wrote that "prisoners like Montgomery must be given the opportunity to show their crime did not reflect irreparable corruption;
518:
in Angola. In
February 2018 and April 2019, Montgomery had parole hearings, and was denied both times. On November 17, 2021, the Louisiana Board of Pardons and Parole granted parole to Montgomery by a unanimous vote of 3–0. Following the vote, Montgomery was freed from prison and released. His
318:
This case is one in a series since 2005 that have mitigated the harshness of sentencing of juveniles and persons who committed crimes as juveniles. It is based in part on scientific evidence showing that juvenile brains are not equivalent to those of adults.
494:
decision to make it sound categorical when it merely required a new sentencing procedure. Scalia also stated that it would be very difficult for judges and juries to decide whether defendants were incorrigible decades after they were originally sentenced.
633:
392:
Montgomery became a model member of the prison community, serving as a coach on the prison boxing team, working in the prison's silk-screen program, and offering advice to younger prisoners. After the U.S. Supreme Court decided
384:
In
February 1969, a jury again convicted Montgomery of murder, triggering an automatic sentence of life in prison without parole, which was affirmed by the Louisiana Supreme Court in November 1970, over the dissent of Justice
455:
rule retroactively, holding that prisoners previously given automatic life sentences with no chance of parole for crimes committed as juveniles must have their cases reviewed for re-sentencing or be considered for
1029:
788:
413:
from the U.S. Supreme Court, which was granted. Seventy-five minutes of oral arguments were heard on
October 13, 2015, with attorneys appearing for the prisoner and the state as well as an
747:
2020:
549:
381:
annulled that verdict, finding he had not received a fair trial due to public prejudice. In
October 1966, Montgomery escaped from the parish jail and was rearrested two hours later.
594:
2088:
671:
536:, Jones was given a rehearing but was still resentenced to life in prison, and appealed, claiming the court did not evaluate any aspect of his incorrigibility as required under
1563:
528:, involving a person who had killed his grandfather when he was 15 in 2004 and given the mandatory sentence of life without parole. Due to the reactive rulings in
348:(2010), the Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to impose mandatory life sentence without parole on prisoners who committed non-murder crimes as juveniles.
878:
2093:
1253:
573:
397:, Montgomery made a motion to correct an illegal sentence, which, in June 2014, was denied by the Louisiana Supreme Court, over the dissent of Chief Justice
79:
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1321:
284:
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Justice Thomas filed another dissenting opinion, alone, stating that the majority's decision "repudiates established principles of finality".
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appointed by the Court, arguing against the Court's jurisdiction, and the U.S. Deputy
Solicitor General, arguing as a friend of the prisoner.
838:
1134:
519:
release was opposed by some of Hurt's family members, however, two of Hurt's daughters had met with
Montgomery in prison and forgiven him.
1107:
1055:
986:
2083:
1030:"Sentencing Law and Policy: Lamenting that Henry Montgomery (and many other juve LWOPers) may not much or any benefit from Montgomery"
427:
On
January 25, 2016, the Supreme Court delivered judgment in favor of the prisoner, by a vote of 6–3. Writing for the Court, Justice
820:
728:
373:
Henry
Montgomery was 17 years old on November 13, 1963, when he shot and killed police officer Charles Hurt, a sheriff's deputy, in
1312:
789:"Is Life Retroactive? He was sentenced to life without parole at 17. Fifty years later, the Supreme Court weighs setting him free"
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and if it did not, their hope for some years of life outside prison walls must be restored." Applying the presumption from
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35:
377:. A jury convicted Montgomery of murder and sentenced him to death in February 1964 but, in January 1966, the divided
1081:
652:
506:
On June 28, 2016, the
Louisiana Supreme Court vacated Montgomery's life sentence and remanded for resentencing in a
490:
dissented. Criticizing the majority's "sleight of hand", Scalia wrote that Kennedy had twisted the language in the
618:
1947:
1082:"Henry Montgomery Paved the Way for Other Juvenile Lifers to Go Free. Now 72, He May Never Get the Same Chance"
653:"Henry Montgomery Paved the Way for Other Juvenile Lifers to Go Free. Now 72, He May Never Get The Same Chance"
967:
1305:
515:
358:
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690:
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1056:"Board denies parole to man who served more than 50 years after killing deputy when he was juvenile"
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additionally concurring. In February 2017, Montgomery, now 70 years old, remained a prisoner at the
2052:
1999:
315:, should be applied retroactively. This decision potentially affects up to 2,300 cases nationwide.
2028:
1298:
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by a 5–4 vote established that the death penalty for children under 18 was unconstitutional. In
2011:
1875:
1475:
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511:
839:"Will Supreme Court Decision be Death Knell for Juvenile Life without Parole? | Casetext"
748:"Man Jailed 50 Years for Murder Is at Center of Supreme Court Hearing on Youth Life Sentences"
1982:
1779:
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577:
74:
691:"After 55 years in prison, Baton Rouge man key to Supreme Court ruling again denied freedom"
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634:"Parole Hearing for Inmate Convicted in 1963 Slaying of Louisiana Sheriff's Deputy Delayed"
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1135:"An inmate whose story was key to the debate over juvenile life sentences gets parole"
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595:"Supreme Court rules mandatory juvenile life without parole cruel and unusual"
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879:"Justices Expand Parole Rights for Juveniles Sentenced to Life for Murder"
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1192:"Supreme Court to Consider When Juveniles May Get Life Without Parole"
1164:"Supreme Court to Consider When Juveniles May Get Life Without Parole"
767:"After 52 years in prison, SCOTUS may help set Henry Montgomery Free"
86:
2021:
Browning-Ferris Industries of Vermont, Inc. v. Kelco Disposal, Inc.
550:
List of United States Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment
174:
offenders is a substantive rule that must be applied retroactively.
171:
522:
In March 2020, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a related case,
1001:"Supreme Court rules in major Eighth Amendment sentencing case"
457:
30:
1108:"Henry Montgomery, at center of juvenile life debate, is free"
821:"Henry Montgomery, at center of juvenile life debate, is free"
258:
Kennedy, joined by Roberts, Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan
710:"Inmate at center of landmark juvenile case loses parole bid"
409:
In September 2014, Montgomery filed a petition for a writ of
311:
should not apply to persons convicted of murder committed as
729:"Split-Second Flash of a Gun Still Resonates 52 Years Later"
1320:
987:"Justices Extend Bar on Automatic Life Terms for Teenagers"
672:"Board denies parole for inmate in landmark juvenile case"
1139:
301:
case in which the Court held that its previous ruling in
1229:"It's immoral to sentence a teenager to life in prison"
361:
should not apply to persons who committed the crime as
357:(2012), the Court by a 5–4 vote decided that mandatory
2089:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
404:
2075:
1334:
168:life in prison without the possibility of parole
783:
540:. Oral hearings were held on November 3, 2020.
1306:
2094:Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause case law
1971:
969:The Supreme Court, 2015 Term — Leading Cases
620:The Supreme Court, 2011 Term — Leading Cases
873:
1313:
1299:
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130:denying motion to correct illegal sentence
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54:Henry Montgomery, Petitioner v. Louisiana
2099:United States children's rights case law
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726:
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1028:Berman, Douglas A. (February 3, 2017).
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1106:Santana, Rebecca (November 17, 2021).
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592:
1970:
1468:Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber
1333:
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1226:
859:, 242 So. 2d 818, 257 La. 461 (1970).
810:, 181 So. 2d 756, 248 La. 713 (1966).
18:2016 United States Supreme Court case
952:
764:
1054:Toohey, Grace (February 19, 2018).
746:Reckdahl, Katy (October 11, 2015).
727:Reckdahl, Katy (October 11, 2015).
708:Santana, Rebecca (April 11, 2019).
670:Santana, Rebecca (April 12, 2019).
13:
1227:Rizer, Arthur (November 3, 2020).
985:Sherman, Mark (January 25, 2016).
948:. IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law.
765:Khan, Naureen (October 15, 2015).
593:Savage, David G. (June 25, 2012).
405:Supreme Court of the United States
375:East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
340:Supreme Court of the United States
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2115:
2084:United States Supreme Court cases
1260:190 (2016) is available from:
1242:
1080:Segura, Liliana (June 2, 2019).
1003:. Yahoo! News. January 26, 2016.
689:Toohey, Grace (April 11, 2019).
651:Segura, Liliana (June 2, 2019).
29:
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733:The Center for Public Integrity
623:, 126 Harv. L. Rev. 276 (2012).
266:Scalia, joined by Thomas, Alito
145:vacating sentence and remanding
2104:2016 in United States case law
1948:City of Grants Pass v. Johnson
1322:United States Eighth Amendment
1190:Liptak, Adam (March 9, 2020).
1162:Liptak, Adam (March 9, 2020).
1034:Sentencing Law and Policy Blog
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989:. ABC News. Associated Press.
555:
368:
322:
297:, 577 U.S. 190 (2016), was a
1335:Cruel and unusual punishment
1018:, 194 So. 3d 606 (La. 2016).
910:, 141 So. 3d 264 (La. 2014).
516:Louisiana State Penitentiary
359:life sentence without parole
309:life sentence without parole
7:
2037:United States v. Bajakajian
543:
473:
299:United States Supreme Court
10:
2120:
1274:Oyez (oral argument audio)
431:, joined by Chief Justice
2010:
1981:
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1966:
1900:South Carolina v. Gathers
1859:
1806:
1572:Skipper v. South Carolina
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946:"Montgomery v. Louisiana"
921:"Montgomery v. Louisiana"
307:(2012), that a mandatory
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2053:Tyler v. Hennepin County
2000:United States v. Salerno
1972:Excessive bail and fines
327:
45:Decided January 25, 2016
2029:Austin v. United States
1564:Caldwell v. Mississippi
1425:Montgomery v. Louisiana
1250:Montgomery v. Louisiana
773:. The Associated Press.
716:. The Associated Press.
678:. The Associated Press.
502:Subsequent developments
399:Bernette Joshua Johnson
379:Louisiana Supreme Court
294:Montgomery v. Louisiana
285:U.S. Const. amend. VIII
122:affirming life sentence
43:Argued October 13, 2015
24:Montgomery v. Louisiana
2012:Excessive Fines Clause
1876:Robinson v. California
1492:California v. Anderson
1476:McGautha v. California
1361:Robinson v. California
1353:Weems v. United States
1210:"Jones v. Mississippi"
435:, along with Justices
1983:Excessive Bail Clause
1724:Panetti v. Quarterman
1604:Maynard v. Cartwright
482:, joined by Justices
1740:Kennedy v. Louisiana
1636:Whitmore v. Arkansas
1628:Stanford v. Kentucky
1612:Thompson v. Oklahoma
1596:Lowenfield v. Phelps
1441:Jones v. Mississippi
1385:Harmelin v. Michigan
877:(January 26, 2016).
827:. November 17, 2021.
787:(October 14, 2015).
640:. December 14, 2017.
525:Jones v. Mississippi
423:Opinion of the Court
351:Two years later, in
85:136 S. Ct. 718; 193
1916:Helling v. McKinney
1841:Hudson v. McMillian
1807:Corporal punishment
1796:Bucklew v. Precythe
1532:Spaziano v. Florida
1433:Virginia v. LeBlanc
1393:Ewing v. California
1216:. October 29, 2020.
1143:. November 17, 2021
1015:State v. Montgomery
907:State v. Montgomery
856:State v. Montgomery
807:State v. Montgomery
508:per curiam decision
437:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
218:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
1908:Payne v. Tennessee
1833:Ingraham v. Wright
1788:Madison v. Alabama
1660:Atkins v. Virginia
1652:Herrera v. Collins
1580:Ford v. Wainwright
1556:Glass v. Louisiana
1524:Godfrey v. Georgia
1401:Lockyer v. Andrade
1214:Cornell Law School
1196:The New York Times
1169:The New York Times
884:The New York Times
697:. theadvocate.com.
194:Associate Justices
166:'s prohibition on
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1924:Farmer v. Brennan
1892:Estelle v. Gamble
1817:Jackson v. Bishop
1708:Hill v. McDonough
1676:Tennard v. Dretke
1644:Walton v. Arizona
1540:Enmund v. Florida
1484:Furman v. Georgia
1460:Wilkerson v. Utah
1417:Miller v. Alabama
1409:Graham v. Florida
1369:Rummel v. Estelle
771:Aljazeera America
599:Los Angeles Times
569:Miller v. Alabama
453:Miller v. Alabama
395:Miller v. Alabama
354:Miller v. Alabama
345:Graham v. Florida
304:Miller v. Alabama
290:
289:
114:annulling verdict
2111:
2045:Timbs v. Indiana
1979:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1940:Kahler v. Kansas
1825:Gates v. Collier
1764:Hurst v. Florida
1756:Glossip v. Gross
1684:Roper v. Simmons
1620:Penry v. Lynaugh
1588:Tison v. Arizona
1548:Pulley v. Harris
1508:Coker v. Georgia
1500:Gregg v. Georgia
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1820:(8th Cir. 1968)
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1802:
1748:Hall v. Florida
1716:Kansas v. Marsh
1700:Oregon v. Guzek
1695:(5th Cir. 2005)
1692:Bigby v. Dretke
1668:Ring v. Arizona
1516:Lockett v. Ohio
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1732:Baze v. Rees
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1145:. Retrieved
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1119:November 19,
1117:. Retrieved
1111:
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1060:The Advocate
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230:Samuel Alito
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190:John Roberts
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105:Case history
78:
53:
15:
1809:or injuries
1495:(Cal. 1972)
1175:November 3,
930:January 25,
875:Adam Liptak
638:Officer.com
449:Elena Kagan
387:Mack Barham
242:Elena Kagan
2078:Categories
925:SCOTUSblog
556:References
538:Montgomery
534:Montgomery
411:certiorari
369:Petitioner
323:Background
141:Subsequent
60:Docket no.
1039:April 18,
891:April 18,
604:April 18,
363:juveniles
313:juveniles
87:L. Ed. 2d
70:Citations
1324:case law
1248:Text of
825:wric.com
752:jjie.org
695:nola.com
544:See also
478:Justice
474:Dissents
255:Majority
172:homicide
128:(1970),
120:(1966),
95:Argument
1091:June 2,
1065:June 2,
271:Dissent
263:Dissent
156:Holding
151:(2016).
136:(2014).
2056:(2023)
2048:(2019)
2040:(1998)
2032:(1993)
2024:(1989)
2003:(1987)
1995:(1951)
1951:(2024)
1943:(2020)
1935:(2011)
1927:(1994)
1919:(1993)
1911:(1991)
1903:(1989)
1895:(1976)
1887:(1968)
1879:(1962)
1871:(1958)
1852:(2002)
1844:(1992)
1836:(1977)
1799:(2019)
1791:(2019)
1783:(2017)
1775:(2016)
1767:(2016)
1759:(2015)
1751:(2014)
1743:(2008)
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1727:(2007)
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1711:(2006)
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1671:(2002)
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1655:(1993)
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1631:(1989)
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1527:(1980)
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1511:(1977)
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1487:(1972)
1479:(1971)
1471:(1947)
1463:(1879)
1444:(2021)
1436:(2017)
1428:(2016)
1420:(2012)
1412:(2010)
1404:(2003)
1396:(2003)
1388:(1991)
1380:(1983)
1372:(1980)
1364:(1962)
1356:(1910)
1286:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1265:Justia
1262:
572:,
530:Miller
492:Miller
458:parole
447:, and
274:Thomas
240:
238:·
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226:·
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214:·
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1258:U.S.
1177:2020
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1121:2021
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1067:2019
1041:2017
932:2016
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676:4wwl
606:2017
578:U.S.
532:and
486:and
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75:U.S.
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