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742:), and is greatly influenced by altitude. Being the highest part of the Alps, Mont Blanc and surrounding mountains can create their own weather patterns. Temperatures drop as the mountains gain in height, and the summit of Mont Blanc is a permanent ice cap, with temperatures around −20 °C (−4 °F). The summit is also prone to strong winds and sudden weather changes. Because of its great overall height, a considerable proportion is permanently glaciated or snow-covered and is exposed to extremely cold conditions.
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3070:"A new map of the dominions of the King of Sardinia. (with) Isle and kingdom of Sardinia. (with) Mont Blanc in Faucigni and the subjacent Alps and glaciers. From the original published at Turin with royal approbation, and dedicated to his Sardinian Majesty. By Francis de Caroly; translated with improvements and additions. London, Published by Laurie & Whittle, 53, Fleet Street, 12th May 1799. Engrav'd by B. Baker, Islington. – David Rumsey Historical Map Collection"
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979:, plots a region of disputed territory (statut de territoire contesté) around the summits of both Mont Blanc and the Dôme du Goûter. One of its interpretations of the French-Italian border places both summits straddling a line running directly along the geographic ridgeline (watershed) between France and Italy, thus sharing their summits equally between both states. However, a second interpretation places both summits, as well as that of
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escape shaft, and a fire station in the middle of the tunnel. The escape shafts also have clean air flowing through them via vents. Any people in the security bays now have live video contact to communicate with the control centre. A remote site for cargo safety inspection was created on each side: Aosta in Italy and Passy-Le Fayet in France. Here all trucks are inspected before entering the tunnel. These remote sites are also used as
764:
964:(following the French neutrality for the plebiscites held in Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Romagna to join the Kingdom of Sardinia, against the Pope's will). A demarcation agreement, signed on 7 March 1861, defined the new border. With the formation of Italy, for the first time, Mont Blanc was located on the border of France and Italy, along the old border between the department of Savoy and that of Piedmont, formerly belonging to the
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1434:(where the cable car stops), Mont Blanc seems quite close, being 1,000 m (3,300 ft) higher. But while the peak looks deceptively close, the La Voie des 3 Monts route (known to be more technical and challenging than other more commonly used routes) requires more ascent over two other 4,000 m (13,000 ft) mountains,
710:. His list, entitled "Statistique minéralogique des environs du Mt-Blanc", catalogued 90 mineral types although it also included those present only as very small components of rocks. If these are excluded, it is known today that at least 68 separate mineral species occur across the wider range of the Mont Blanc massif.
750:
significantly more, totalling 3,100 mm (122 in). However, at an even higher altitude (near the summit of Mont Blanc), precipitation is considerably less, with only around 1,100 mm (43 in) recorded, despite the latter measurements being taken at the height of 4,300 m (14,100 ft).
1606:
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Levers attached to the ice supported the observatory. This worked to some extent until 1906, when the building started leaning heavily. The movement of the levers corrected the lean slightly, but three years later (two years after
Janssen's death), a crevasse started opening under the observatory. It
971:
The 1860 act is still legally valid for both the French and
Italian governments. Italy claims, that the border was moved by France in 1865, when surveys carried out by a cartographer of the French army, Captain JJ Mieulet, incorporated the summit into French territory, making the state border deviate
1095:
agreed to take on the project, provided he could build on a rock foundation if found at a depth of less than twelve metres (39 ft) below the ice. In 1891, the Swiss surveyor Imfeld dug two 23-metre (75 ft) horizontal tunnels twelve metres (39 ft) below the ice summit but found nothing
2160:
In 2007, Europe's two highest toilets (at 4,260 metres, 13,976 feet) were taken by helicopter to the top of Mont Blanc. They are also serviced by helicopter. They will serve 30,000 skiers and hikers annually, helping to alleviate the discharge of urine and faeces that spreads down the mountain face
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The recent temperature rises and heatwaves, such as those of the summers of 2015 and 2018, have significantly impacted many climbing routes across the Alps, including those on Mont Blanc. For example, in 2015, the Grand Mulets route, previously popular in the 20th century, was blocked by virtually
1245:
The summit was measured again in 2005, and the results were published on 16 December 2005. The height was found to be 4,808.75 m (15,776 ft 9 in), 30 cm (12 in) more than the previously recorded height. The rock summit was found to be at 4,792 m (15,722 ft), some
1201:
The summit of Mont Blanc is a thick, perennial ice-and-snow dome whose thickness varies. Therefore, no exact and permanent summit elevation can be determined, though accurate measurements have been made on specific dates. Its official elevation was 4,807 m (15,771 ft) for a long time. In
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In 1999, a transport truck caught fire in the tunnel beneath the mountain. In total, 39 people were killed when the fire raged out of control. The tunnel was renovated in the aftermath to increase driver safety. Renovations include computerised detection equipment, extra security bays, a parallel
749:
with altitude. For example, the village of
Chamonix below Mont Blanc is at an elevation of approximately 1,030 m (3,380 ft). It receives around 1,020 mm (40 in) of annual precipitation, whilst the Col du Midi, which is at 3,500 m (11,500 ft) above sea level, receives
913:
is disputed. Italian officials claim the border follows the watershed, splitting both summits between Italy and France. In contrast, French officials claim the border avoids the two summits, placing them entirely with France. The size of these two (distinct) disputed areas is approximately 65
1607:
1445:
Each year climbing deaths occur on Mont Blanc. On the busiest weekends, normally around August, the local rescue service performs an average of 12 missions, mostly directed to aid people in trouble on one of the normal routes of the mountain. Some routes require knowledge of high-altitude
1249:
In 2007, the summit was measured at 4,807.9 m (15,774 ft) and in 2009 at 4,807.45 m (15,772 ft). In 2013, the summit was measured at 4,810.02 m (15,781 ft) and in 2015 at 4,808.73 m (15,777 ft). From the summit of Mont Blanc on a clear day, the
1827:
draped the peak of Mont Blanc with red fabric, along with a 20 ft (6.1 m) pole with a flag reading "Pink State". He had been arrested and detained earlier on 6 June for attempting to paint a pass leading up to the summit red. He aimed to raise awareness of environmental
1474:
that "some estimates put the fatality rate at an average of 100 hikers a year", actual reported annual numbers at least since the 1990s are between 10 and 20: in 2017, fourteen people died out of 20,000 summit attempts, and two remained missing; with 15 in 2018 as of August.
1482:, on the normal route on Mont Blanc" and necessary rescue operations found that, between 1990 and 2011, there were 74 deaths "between the Tête Rousse refuge (3,187 m) and the Goûter refuge (3,830 m)". There were 17 more in 2012–15, none in 2016, and 11 in 2017.
728:, the massif of Mont Blanc is also situated between the two different climatic regions of the northern and western Alps and that of the southern Alps. Climatic conditions on the Mer de Glace are similar to those found on the northern side of the
1241:
After these results were published, more than 500 points were measured to assess the effects of climate change and the mountain's height fluctuations at different points. Since then, the mountain's elevation has been measured every two years.
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granites. The massif is tilted in a north-westerly direction and was cut by near-vertical recurrent faults lying in a north–south direction during the
Variscan orogeny. Further faulting with shear zones subsequently occurred during the later
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Mont Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world. For this reason, some view it as threatened. Pro-Mont Blanc (an international collective of associations for the protection of Mont Blanc) published in 2002 the book
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The
Commission is aware of the ongoing dispute between Italy and France regarding their common border in the Mont Blanc area, particularly in the area of the Torino Hut, and would welcome a swift — and for both parties satisfactory —
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1237:
and four students from various institutes in France. This team noted that the elevation was 4,808.45 m (15,775 ft 9 in), and the peak had shifted to a point 75 cm (30 in) away from where it had been in 2002.
1794:
Seven French paraglider pilots landed on the summit. They reached a peak altitude of 5,200 m (17,100 ft), thanks to the hot weather conditions, which provided strong hot air currents. Five had left from
Planpraz, one from
932:
Citing the Treaty of Paris (1796), France claims that the historical border of Savoy and
Piedmont diverged from the watershed line, fully encompassing the summit of Mont Blanc within Savoy and consequently, within French territory.
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mountaineering and a guide (or at least an experienced mountaineer), and all require proper equipment. All routes are long and arduous, involving delicate passages and the hazard of rockfall or avalanche. Climbers may also suffer
2959:[A French order 'invades' the Mont Blanc territory that Italy considers as its own and the case risks reopening the dispute, never resolved, of the borders between the two countries with complex judicial developments.]
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703:. Repeated tectonic phases have caused breakup of the rock in multiple directions and in overlapping planes. Finally, past and current glaciation caused significant sculpting of the landscape into its present-day form.
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opened at high altitude, also indicating previously unobserved glacial movements. The new crevasse forms an obstacle to be scaled by climbing parties on the final part of the itinerary to the top shared by the popular
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Nowadays, the summit is ascended by an average of 20,000 mountaineer tourists each year. It could be considered a technically easy yet arduous ascent for someone well-trained and acclimatised to the altitude. From
2956:
Un'ordinanza francese 'invade' il territorio del Monte Bianco che l'Italia considera come proprio e il caso rischia di riaprire il contenzioso, mai risolto, sui confini tra i due Paesi ed avere complessi sviluppi
1004:
1832 Map of the
Kingdom of Sardinia showing an administrative border passing through the summit of Mont Blanc. This was the same map annexed to the 1860 treaty to determine the current border between France and
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because of its uniqueness and cultural importance considered the birthplace and symbol of modern mountaineering. It would require the three governments of Italy, France and
Switzerland to request
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Despite this, the observatory was built in 1893. During the cold wave of
January 1893, a temperature of −43 °C (−45 °F) was recorded on Mont Blanc, being the lowest ever recorded there.
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tried to beat the record by ski-walking. They went up in 4 hours and 7 minutes and came back down in 1 hour and 8 minutes. In total, they did the ascent and descent in 5 hours and 15 minutes.
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1166:, Italy, and become one of the major transalpine transport routes between the two countries. In 1965, the tunnel opened to vehicle traffic with a length of 11,611 metres (7.215 mi).
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1225:, a team of scientists remeasured the height on 6 and 7 September. The team was made up of the glaciologist Luc Moreau, two surveyors from the GPS Company, three people from the
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1860:
Fifty paraglider pilots landed on the summit, beating the previous record of seven top landing pilots, set in 2003. This included the second-ever tandem landing on the summit.
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2995:[The last reason for friction: two laws in favor of biodiversity violate Italian sovereignty over its territory. Di Maio formally protests: "Strong disappointment"]
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L'ultimo motivo di attrito: due leggi a favore della biodiversità violano la sovranità italiana sul proprio territorio. Di Maio protesta formalmente: "Forte disappunto"
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1876:
set a women's fastest known time up and down from Chamonix with 7 hours 53 minutes and 12 seconds, improving her previous record of 8 hours 10 minutes from 2013.
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restored the King of Sardinia in Savoy, Nice, and Piedmont, his traditional territories, overruling the 1796 Treaty of Paris. Forty-five years later, after the
1462:
A 1994 estimate suggests there had been 6,000 to 8,000 alpinist fatalities in total, more than on any other mountain. These numbers exclude the fatalities of
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1918:
twins and their mother were rescued from 3,800 m (12,500 ft) by helicopter while their father and family friend continued their summit attempt.
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3647:. US Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report. Archived from the original on 23 April 2009
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The map is based on measurements taken in 1856 before the convention of 7 March 1861 and is identical to the map attached to the Treaty of Turin. See
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set a new women's fastest known time with 7 hours, 27 minutes and 39 seconds, taking a longer but safer route via the Arête Nord due to serac fall.
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period. The summit of Mont Blanc is located at the point of contact of these two rock types. To the southwest, the granite contact is of a more
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1935:, is a documentary by Jean-Luc Prévost and published by Édition Société national de télévision française, released in 1984. It is part of the
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was closed by municipal decree for some days because of a very high rockfall danger, with some stranded climbers evacuated by helicopter.
1402:. The next day, one proceeds through the Col des Aiguilles Grises and the Dôme du Goûter, concluding at L'arête des Bosses (Bosses ridge).
4519:
4489:
3256:[The official Italian cartography, in use by the NATO forces and internationally recognized, is based on the 1861 Convention...]
3254:
La cartografia ufficiale italiana, in uso alle Forze Nato e riconosciuta a livello internazionale, si basa sulla Convenzione del 1861...
3131:
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1387:, or the old normal route on the French side, which is most frequently traversed in winter by ski, or in summer to descend to Chamonix.
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874:, who rewarded the successful ascent, traditionally marks the start of modern mountaineering. The first woman to reach the summit was
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and the director of the Meudon astrophysical observatory, considered the construction of an observatory at the summit of Mont Blanc.
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2546:), "List compiled 2004 by Petter Bjørstad, Jonathan de Ferranti, Eberhard Jurgalski, Vasja Kavcic and Aaron Maizlish". See also
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1442:, before the final section of the climb is reached. The last 1,000 m (3,300 ft) push to the summit is undertaken.
1413:. The following day, the Dômes de Miages is crossed and the night is spent at the Durier cabin. The third day proceeds over
1285:, looking down Glacier du Tacul towards the Mer de Glace, with Aiguille du Moine, les Drus and Aiguille Verte in centre-left
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296:
4454:
Companion website to the PBS NOVA program which follows a glaciologist and a climber into the glacier caves of Mont Blanc
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and the pilots miscalculated their descent; 48 and 117 people, respectively, died. The passengers on flight 101 included
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909:, where it reaches the border with Switzerland. However, its precise location near the summits of Mont Blanc and nearby
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In 1946, a drilling project was initiated to carve a tunnel through the mountain. The Mont Blanc tunnel would connect
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from the watershed line, and giving rise to the differences with the maps published in Italy in the same period.
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to control commercial traffic during peak hours. The renovated tunnel reopened three years after the disaster.
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The first recorded ascent of Mont Blanc (at the time neither within Italy nor France) was on 8 August 1786 by
4808:
4075:"American climber whose children almost died in Mont Blanc avalanche says he has 'no regrets' amid criticism"
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has begun to melt glaciers and cause avalanches on Mont Blanc, creating more dangerous climbing conditions.
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land mass, which culminates at Mount Everest (highest col between Mont Blanc and Mount Everest: 113 m
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654:, constructed between 1957 and 1965, runs beneath the mountain and is a major transalpine transport route.
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US Army Research Inst. Of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report
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Ravanel, Ludovic; Allignol, Françoise; Deline, Philip; Gruber, Stephan; Ravello, Mario (December 2010).
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depicting rail operations, workers, and families in south-eastern France, including the Mont Blanc area.
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is normally considered the tallest mountain in continental Europe, the latter continent is part of the
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attempted to break the record with his nine-year-old son and 11-year-old daughter. They were caught in
2157:(The black hillside of Mont Blanc), which exposes current and future problems in conserving the site.
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The Miage – Bionnassay – Mont Blanc crossing is usually done in three days. It has been described as
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Mont Blanc and adjacent mountains in the massif are predominately formed from a large intrusion of
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2016:
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2973:[Mont Blanc, the tension between Italy and France is growing: Macron wants the summit].
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The airplane pilot Henri Giraud landed on the summit, which is only 30 m (98 ft) long.
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901:, the border between Italy and France passes along most of the main Alpine watershed, from the
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beat the fastest overall time for ascent and descent with 4 hours, 57 minutes and 40 seconds.
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The first systematic account of the minerals of the Mont Blanc area was published in 1873 by
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3007:"Parliamentary questions: Answer given by Ms Johansson on behalf of the European Commission"
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3436:. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013
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2934:"Monte Bianco, la Francia "invade" il confine italiano: si rischia il caso diplomatico"
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and the Dôme du Goûter, finally reaching the summit of Mont Blanc via the Bosses ridge.
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694:. The granites are mostly very-coarse grained, ranging in type from microgranites to
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3950:, '50' pilots topland Mont Blanc as Chamonix sees record day, XC Mag, 19 August 2012
3500:"Le mont Blanc a perdu un mètre en quatre ans et culmine désormais à 4807,81 mètres"
2936:[Mont Blanc, France "invades" the Italian border: diplomatic case at risk].
2507:"Le mont Blanc a perdu un mètre en quatre ans et culmine désormais à 4807,81 mètres"
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Captain Mieulet map of 1865 placing the international border south of the watershed
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3100:"Conférence : Le différend frontalier Franco-Italien au sommet du mont Blanc"
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the prominence of 4,696 m for Mont Blanc is taken from the "Ultras Project" (
2315:
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hectares (160 acres) on Mont Blanc and ten hectares (25 acres) on Dôme du Goûter.
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3645:"Medical Problems in High Mountain Environments. A Handbook for Medical Officers"
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570:. Ownership of the summit area has long been disputed between France and Italy.
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was abandoned. Eventually the building fell, and only the tower could be saved
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A Sardinian Atlas map of 1869 showing the international border on the watershed
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ascends and crosses the mountain range from Courmayeur to Chamonix through the
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2971:"Monte Bianco, cresce la tensione tra Italia e Francia: Macron vuole la vetta"
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Mont Blanc : une grande crevasse barre la voie royale du toit des Alpes!
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2617:"Resources minéralogiques du massif du Mont-Blanc et des régions limitrophes"
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1515:
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1369:
875:
746:
707:
586:
582:
551:
168:
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139:
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1343:
7024:
6994:
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6883:
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6043:
6023:
5997:
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5987:
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5294:
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5184:
5121:
5062:
5027:
5004:
4974:
4888:
4793:
4145:
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2845:
2771:"Fluctuations of the 'Mer de Glace' (Mont Blanc area, France) AD 1500–2050"
2297:
2130:
2112:
2106:
2038:
2033:
1972:
1714:
1662:
1266:
mountain ranges can be seen, as well as the principal summits of the Alps.
1259:
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621:
609:
594:
528:
379:
333:
96:
5817:
4599:
3770:"The Ice and the Canary: A Story of Alpine Climbing in a Changing Climate"
2219:
1269:
1210:
technology, measured it to be 4,807.40 m (15,772 ft 4 in).
519:, rising 4,805.59 m (15,766 ft) above sea level, located on the
7019:
6918:
6803:
6743:
6582:
6368:
6292:
6245:
6180:
6145:
6007:
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5159:
5102:
5052:
5017:
4898:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4778:
4569:
4451:
4432:: See several points of view of the Mont-Blanc range and zoom on the top.
4407:
4177:
4025:
2238:
2225:
2066:
2055:
1755:, completed the ascent and descent in 5 hours, 10 minutes and 14 seconds.
1748:
1573:
1439:
1409:. The route begins from Contamines-Montjoie, with the night spent in the
1399:
1377:
906:
833:
563:
367:
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5641:
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2736:
1277:
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6205:
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5927:
5872:
5837:
5807:
5769:
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5659:
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5560:
5429:
5224:
5209:
5107:
5097:
5087:
5042:
4936:
4918:
4908:
4858:
4803:
4753:
4559:
2844:
Reynaud, Louis (1993). Williams, Richard S.; Ferrigno, Jane G. (eds.).
2619:[Mineralogical Resources of Mont Blanc and surrounding areas].
2027:
1987:
1629:
1492:
1450:, occasionally life-threatening, particularly if they are not properly
1163:
1088:
1071:
983:(although much less clearly in the latter case), solely within France.
852:
788: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
729:
725:
605:
542:, which straddles parts of France, Italy and Switzerland. Mont Blanc's
439:
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6140:
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1804:
1294:
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6999:
6958:
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6773:
6444:
6274:
6002:
5907:
5892:
5832:
5414:
5399:
4913:
4426:: Close up of the summit of the Mont Blanc and its glaciers at 4811m.
4112:
3236:
2121:
1897:
1576:
of the south-eastern side of Mont Blanc, taken on a commercial flight
1342:, considered dangerous because of frequent rockfalls, leading to the
976:
691:
683:
667:
597:. The most popular climbing route to the summit of Mont Blanc is the
6888:
5852:
4497:
4402:
3039:
1800:
1717:) discovered the normal Italian route (West Face Direct) on descent.
1000:
763:
7014:
6348:
6315:
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6185:
6175:
6130:
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5937:
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3118:
3116:
2301:
1752:
1553:
1407:
a truly magical expedition of ice and snow arêtes at great altitude
1372:
is used to spend the night. The next day the ascent continues over
1361:
1230:
1159:
1150:
821:
617:
578:
555:
6783:
4605:
4482:
4141:"Bodies of five climbers found on Mont Blanc after six go missing"
2076:
1939:
series. In it he talks about the west–east crossing of Mont Blanc.
1302:
Several classic climbing routes lead to the summit of Mont Blanc:
1213:
925:. The resulting state of Sardinia was to become preeminent in the
6923:
6898:
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6297:
6078:
6033:
6028:
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5902:
5897:
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4574:
4554:
4174:"Ils tentent de gravir le Mont-Blanc avec leurs jumeaux de 9 ans"
2314:; highest col between Mount Elbrus and Mount Everest: 901 m
2022:
1978:
1915:
1904:
1036:
829:
663:
604:
The three towns and their communes which surround Mont Blanc are
6379:
5957:
3434:"The rock summit of the Mont Blanc, 40 m west of the ice summit"
3113:
6823:
6733:
6728:
6463:
6125:
6115:
5917:
5857:
4108:"La présence d'enfants alpinistes sur le Mont-Blanc scandalise"
3610:(USARIEM-TN-04-05). Archived from the original on 23 April 2009
2342:
2146:
1255:
1074:(now rebuilt) near Mont Blanc summit, at an altitude of 4,362 m
675:
671:
590:
574:
567:
349:
58:
42:
4305:. 9 October 2007. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007
1273:
Mont Blanc seen from the Rébuffat platform on Aiguille du Midi
6903:
6758:
6287:
6279:
5737:
5699:
4265:"Climate change is melting the French Alps, say mountaineers"
3279:
Janssen et l'observatoire du sommet du mont Blanc (1893–1909)
2904:"Facts About Mont Blanc – Highest Mountain in Western Europe"
1713:
Giovanni Bonin, Luigi Grasselli and Fr. Achille Ratti (later
989:
maps take data from the Italian national mapping agency, the
961:
949:
573:
The Mont Blanc massif is popular for outdoor activities like
559:
493:
353:
3601:
2469:"'Exceptional year': Mont Blanc shrinks by another 2 metres"
2367:"'Exceptional year': Mont Blanc shrinks by another 2 metres"
6863:
5495:
3681:"Why is Mont Blanc One of the World's Deadliest Mountains?"
2559:
1425:
Aerial view of Mont Blanc from 9,000 meters above sea level
986:
508:
496:
2141:
The Mont Blanc massif is being put forward as a potential
1911:
at 3,200 m (10,500 ft) and forced to turn back.
1021:
690:
nature, whereas to the northeast it changes to being more
469:
4468:
Why Is Mont Blanc One of the World's Deadliest Mountains?
1900:, escaped death and decided not to pursue their attempt.
1350:, past the emergency Vallot cabin and l'Arête des Bosses.
1066:
4303:"proMONT-BLANC >> (Le versant noir du Mont-Blanc)"
3288:, JM. Malherbe, Observatoire de Paris, section de Meudon
2768:
1246:
40 m (130 ft) west of the ice-covered summit.
19:
This article is about the mountain. For other uses, see
3713:"Body of one of Italian Mont Blanc climbing trio found"
2707:"Les Droites (north face), Mont Blanc Massif, Chamonix"
1346:
for night shelter. The next day the route leads to the
1096:
solid. Consequently, the Eiffel project was abandoned.
3197:(in Italian). Club Alpino Italiano: 6. November 2011.
2562:"Rock falls in the Mont Blanc Massif in 2007 and 2008"
1136:, known as the "father" of India's nuclear programme.
851:
to observe Mont Blanc. He tried to summit it with the
4048:"NEWS: Hillary Gerardi breaks Women's Mont Blanc FKT"
3992:"Mont-Blanc Speed Record: Ascent and Descent on Foot"
2769:
Nussbaumer, S.U.; Zumbuhl, H.J.; Steiner, D. (2007).
2345:
became the highest mountain of the Holy Roman Empire.
1892:
In July 2014, an American entrepreneur and traveller
1117:
The mountain was the scene of two fatal air crashes;
499:
472:
463:
445:
421:
2215:
2089:, a poem to accompany an engraving of a painting by
1907:
climber with his 5-year-old son were intercepted by
1844:
A group of 20 people set up a hot tub at the summit.
1229:, seven expert surveyors, four mountain guides from
490:
487:
478:
436:
433:
5611:
1470:, two planes that crashed into Mont Blanc. Despite
724:Located on the watershed between the Rhône and the
484:
466:
430:
424:
3557:"How to Climb Mont Blanc – The Two Easiest Routes"
2855:. Professional Paper 1386. U.S.Geological Survey.
2778:Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie
855:mountain guide Jean-Laurent Jordaney, a native of
670:) which was forced up through a basement layer of
2677:"Miage Glacier, Veny Valley, Monte Bianco Massif"
1281:View from Vallee Blanche of Glacier du Géant and
515:, and the highest mountain in Europe outside the
7037:
4323:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4105:
3642:
3636:
3595:
3470:"Mont Blanc shrinks by 45 cm in two years"
1887:
1511:Bivouac Corrado Alberico – Luigi Borgna, 3684 m
828:The Mont Blanc was the highest mountain of the
4493:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). pp. 39–40.
4072:
3832:Passage de la crevasse sur l'arête des Bosses
2853:Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World
2843:
2737:"Talèfre glacier, Mont Blanc Massif, Chamonix"
993:, which is based upon past treaties in force.
624:, France. The latter town was the site of the
6657:
6395:
5597:
4513:
4171:
4014:
3298:The glacier des Bossons : plane crashes:
2764:
2762:
6671:
4138:
3234:[Italy-France clash on Mont Blanc].
3034:
3032:
2415:at peakbagger.com. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
2013:Hymn Before Sunrise, in the Vale of Chamouni
1539:
1330:. The ascent begins in the direction of the
745:There is, however, significant variation in
4463:The scientific observatories on Mont Blanc.
4403:Swiss National Map (showing disputed areas)
3040:"Swiss National Map: Courmayeur (1:50,000)"
2807:
1217:View from the Glacier des Bossons, May 2021
944:, it was replaced by a new legal act. This
6664:
6650:
6402:
6388:
5604:
5590:
4520:
4506:
3961:"Extraordinary Speed Record on Mont Blanc"
3462:
3395:
3151:
3149:
2884:, La Fontaine de Siloé, Montmélian, 2005,
2759:
1154:Entrance of the Mont Blanc Tunnel in Italy
892:
74:
3602:Muza, SR; Fulco, CS; Cymerman, A (2004).
3584:
3582:
3232:"Scontro Italia-Francia sul Monte Bianco"
3029:
2647:"Monte Bianco Massif (Mont Blanc Massif)"
1665:, with at least six guides and a servant.
1564:
1472:unsubstantiated claims recurring in media
804:Learn how and when to remove this message
4477:
4365:"Warming threatens safety on Mont Blanc"
3989:
2466:
2364:
2192:
1926:
1568:
1478:A French study on the especially risky "
1420:
1293:
1276:
1268:
1212:
1192:
1149:
1065:
1020:
1010:
999:
880:
815:
47:Mont Blanc from the Aosta Valley (Italy)
4232:Pour l'inscription du massif à l'Unesco
3768:Gaventa, Jonathan (25 September 2015).
3767:
3492:
3431:
3272:
3146:
2837:
2034:Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus
1937:Haroun Tazieff raconte sa terre, vol. 1
1390:The normal Italian itinerary is called
975:Modern Swiss mapping, published by the
7038:
4184:from the original on 10 September 2017
4099:
3890:Danish Artist Drapes Mont Blanc in Red
3588:Helmut Dumler and Willi P. Burkhardt,
3579:
3554:
3506:from the original on 29 September 2021
3353:from the original on 21 September 2012
2517:from the original on 29 September 2021
1921:
1545:impenetrable crevasse fields, and the
1368:is taken towards the Col du Midi. The
1206:and expert surveyors, with the aid of
1125:in 1966. Both planes were approaching
1078:
16:Highest mountain in the Alps (4,808 m)
6645:
6383:
5585:
4527:
4501:
4262:
4244:from the original on 27 December 2019
3810:from the original on 26 December 2018
3749:from the original on 12 December 2019
3567:from the original on 5 September 2015
3009:. European Parliament. 3 March 2021.
2946:from the original on 30 November 2021
2657:from the original on 16 February 2016
2452:
2435:
4283:from the original on 9 February 2019
4210:from the original on 2 November 2006
4002:from the original on 24 October 2017
3971:from the original on 29 October 2017
3840:from the original on 13 January 2019
3693:from the original on 25 January 2017
3518:
3480:from the original on 11 January 2010
3432:Vincent, Christian (2 August 2004).
3413:from the original on 24 October 2017
3323:from the original on 23 October 2012
3317:"1966: 117 die in Air India tragedy"
3244:from the original on 25 January 2022
3188:"Ridateci il "nostro" Monte Bianco!"
3134:from the original on 2 November 2017
3080:from the original on 1 November 2020
3050:from the original on 24 January 2023
3013:from the original on 25 January 2022
2983:from the original on 25 January 2022
2795:from the original on 25 January 2016
786:adding citations to reliable sources
757:
4479:Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort
4066:
3373:"Timeline of the Mont Blanc Tunnel"
3155:
2487:from the original on 5 October 2023
2385:from the original on 5 October 2023
2203:view as a 360° interactive panorama
1498:Bivouac Giuseppe Lampugnani, 3860 m
960:, and deals with the annexation of
735:The climate is cold and temperate (
562:, and the valleys of Montjoie, and
13:
5506:Giardino Botanico Alpino Saussurea
3555:Boscoe, Charlie (4 October 2013).
3343:"Diplomatic bag contents revealed"
2862:from the original on 23 April 2021
2743:. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
2713:. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
2683:. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
2653:. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
2548:list of Alpine peaks by prominence
2467:Beaumont, Peter (5 October 2023).
2365:Beaumont, Peter (5 October 2023).
2197:Spherical panorama from Mont Blanc
2109:: Ventures Among Men and Mountains
2009:by Colette Cosnie – Édition Guérin
1598:Read by Phil Schempfn for LibriVox
1398:, climbers spend the night at the
1366:Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi
1289:
1052:, with both disputed areas marked
942:Second Italian War of Independence
601:, which typically takes two days.
303:
270:
237:
204:
63:4,805.59 m (15,766.4 ft)
14:
7097:
7081:International mountains of Europe
6409:
4414:Places to visit around Mont Blanc
4391:
3921:from the original on 7 April 2022
3723:from the original on 15 July 2019
2901:
2687:from the original on 12 June 2016
2614:
1751:Pierre-André Gobet, leaving from
1661:The fourth ascent, by Englishman
507:) is the highest mountain in the
6607:(4,509 m or 14,793 ft)
6586:(4,884 m or 16,024 ft)
6558:(4,892 m or 16,050 ft)
6535:(4,810 m or 15,781 ft)
6514:(5,642 m or 18,510 ft)
6486:(5,893 m or 19,334 ft)
6467:(6,198 m or 20,335 ft)
6448:(6,962 m or 22,841 ft)
6429:(8,848 m or 29,029 ft)
5536:Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway
4610:
4604:
4598:
4375:from the original on 29 May 2013
4206:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
4172:Nelly Assénat (10 August 2017).
4106:Constance Jamet (28 July 2014).
3780:from the original on 13 May 2016
3604:"Altitude Acclimatization Guide"
3128:questions.assemblee-nationale.fr
2825:from the original on 11 May 2017
2627:from the original on 14 May 2016
2513:(in French). 29 September 2021.
2457:; both meaning 'white mountain')
2218:
2177:
2075:
1986:, 1923) is a 273-minute film by
1628:Problems playing this file? See
1604:
1593:"The First Ascent of Mont Blanc"
1582:
1528:Refuge Francesco Gonella, 3071 m
1169:
1035:
836:and the highest mountain of the
762:
720:Mont Blanc massif § Climate
459:
417:
302:
295:
269:
262:
236:
229:
203:
196:
41:
6628:(2,228 m or 7,310 ft)
5613:Ultra-prominent peaks of Europe
4397:Topographic map of Mont Blanc:
4357:
4331:
4295:
4263:Birch, Simon (24 August 2018).
4256:
4222:
4196:
4165:
4139:Kim Willsher (13 August 2014).
4132:
4073:Lizzie Dearden (28 July 2014).
4040:
3983:
3953:
3933:
3911:"Jaccuzzi on mont-blanc summit"
3903:
3882:
3852:
3822:
3792:
3761:
3735:
3705:
3673:
3548:
3425:
3365:
3335:
3309:
3291:
3260:
3224:
3180:
3092:
3062:
2999:
2979:(in Italian). 21 October 2020.
2963:
2926:
2895:
2874:
2747:from the original on 9 May 2016
2729:
2717:from the original on 5 May 2016
2699:
2669:
2639:
2621:Club de minéralogie de Chamonix
2337:Following the secession of the
2331:
2279:List of Alpine four-thousanders
1383:The historic itinerary via the
936:After the Napoleonic Wars, the
773:needs additional citations for
680:Variscan mountain-forming event
4024:. Alpinrunning. Archived from
3590:The High Mountains of the Alps
3240:(in Italian). 4 October 2019.
2815:"Climate: Chamonix-Mont-Blanc"
2780:. BAND 40 (2005/2006): 1–137.
2608:
2553:
2529:
2499:
2460:
2418:
2397:
2358:
2290:
1701:The second ascent by a woman,
1306:The most popular route is the
1112:
525:second-most prominent mountain
1:
5571:Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway
4809:Grande Pointe des Planereuses
3158:"La disfida del Monte Bianco"
2351:
2188:360° panorama from Mont Blanc
2155:Le versant noir du mont Blanc
2136:
1994:
1914:On 5 August 2017, 9-year-old
1681:The first ascent by a woman,
1457:
1392:La route des Aiguilles Grises
737:Köppen climate classification
4644:Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey
4419:In-depth guide to Mont Blanc
2942:(in Italian). 23 July 2019.
2234:Exploration of the High Alps
1888:Incidents involving children
1651:Exploration of the High Alps
1561:and the Grand Mulets Route.
1501:Bivouac Marco Crippa, 3840 m
1188:
991:Istituto Geografico Militare
977:Federal Office of Topography
917:In 1723, the Duke of Savoy,
550:line between the valleys of
533:11th most prominent mountain
7:
7086:Highest points of countries
5501:Chemin de fer du Montenvers
4684:Aiguille des Grands Montets
4679:Aiguille des Grands Charmoz
4430:Mont-Blanc panoramic webcam
4116:(in French). Archived from
3331:– via news.bbc.co.uk.
2211:
2170:
1903:In August 2014, an unknown
1834:13 September 2007
1685:, with Balmat as her guide.
1324:Tramway du Mont-Blanc (TMB)
958:Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy
872:Horace-Bénédict de Saussure
870:. This climb, initiated by
845:Horace-Bénédict de Saussure
21:Mont Blanc (disambiguation)
10:
7102:
4709:Aiguille Noire de Peuterey
1965:Stürme über dem Mont Blanc
1485:
1173:
1143:
843:In 1760, Swiss naturalist
753:
717:
713:
657:
109:
18:
7061:Mountains of Aosta Valley
7056:Mountains of Haute-Savoie
6977:
6942:
6679:
6614:
6593:
6572:
6565:
6546:
6521:
6500:
6493:
6474:
6455:
6436:
6417:
6364:Mount Addala-Shukhgelmeer
6314:
6234:
6108:
6052:
6016:
5778:
5726:
5683:
5619:
5488:
5116:
5003:
4955:
4927:
4619:
4596:
4535:
4473:Mont Blanc on Peakclimber
4341:. Ananova. Archived from
4339:"Europe's highest toilet"
3945:22 September 2012 at the
3895:22 September 2017 at the
3665:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3628:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3474:The Sydney Morning Herald
3454:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2586:10.1007/s10346-010-0206-z
2411:18 September 2020 at the
1540:Impacts of climate change
1139:
1061:
538:It gives its name to the
402:
378:
373:
359:
345:
329:
189:
184:
145:
125:
102:
90:
67:
57:
52:
40:
35:
30:
6673:Highest points of Europe
5620:Scandinavia & Arctic
5521:Mont Blanc glacier flood
5122:(first or major ascents)
4829:Mont Blanc de Courmayeur
4759:Le Châtelet (Mont Blanc)
4458:Chamonix-Mont-Blanc Map
4424:Mont-Blanc summit webcam
4410:at 4000er.de (in German)
2320:21 February 2016 at the
2310:21 February 2016 at the
2284:
2087:Letitia Elizabeth Landon
1850:19 August 2012
1784:13 August 2003
1741:crashes into Mont Blanc.
1726:crashes into Mont Blanc.
1415:l'Aiguille de Bionnassay
981:Mont Blanc de Courmayeur
820:Mont Blanc as seen from
7066:Alpine four-thousanders
4734:Aiguille de Tré la Tête
4585:Saint-Gervais-les-Bains
4490:Encyclopædia Britannica
4371:. London. 28 May 2013.
3643:Cymerman, A; Rock, PB.
2454:[ˈmonteˈbjaŋko]
2017:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1326:is taken to get to the
1320:Saint-Gervais-les-Bains
1223:2003 heatwave in Europe
893:Ownership of the summit
614:Saint-Gervais-les-Bains
6724:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5973:Grande Tête de l'Obiou
5743:Roque de los Muchachos
5516:Marathon du Mont Blanc
4649:Aiguille du Chardonnet
4634:Aiguille de Bionnassay
4204:"Massif du Mont Blanc"
3592:, London: Diadem, 1994
2542:9 January 2019 at the
2445:
2428:
2208:
2161:with the spring thaw.
1803:and the last one from
1643:Michel-Gabriel Paccard
1595:by T. Louis Oxley 1881
1577:
1565:Exploits and incidents
1426:
1299:
1286:
1274:
1218:
1198:
1176:Mont Blanc tunnel fire
1155:
1075:
1026:
1016:
1006:
889:
825:
824:in Aosta Valley, Italy
394:Michel-Gabriel Paccard
7051:Mountains of the Alps
6990:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
6235:Mediterranean islands
5918:Grigna Settentrionale
5546:Top of the Mont Blanc
4724:Aiguille de Rochefort
4704:Aiguille de l'A Neuve
4669:Aiguille des Glaciers
4639:Aiguille de Blaitière
4629:Aiguille d'Argentière
3864:www.flight-system.com
3349:. 19 September 2012.
3284:15 April 2016 at the
2274:Top of the Mont Blanc
2196:
2149:for it to be listed.
2071:by William Wordsworth
2007:Hugo et le Mont Blanc
2003:by Roger Frison-Roche
1960:Storm over Mont Blanc
1927:Cinema and television
1813:8 June 2007
1761:30 May 2003
1703:Henriette d'Angeville
1641:The first ascent, by
1572:
1424:
1394:. After crossing the
1332:Refuge de Tête Rousse
1312:Voie Des Cristalliers
1297:
1280:
1272:
1216:
1196:
1153:
1069:
1024:
1014:
1003:
903:Aiguille des Glaciers
884:
819:
626:first Winter Olympics
521:Franco-Italian border
4799:Grand Pilier d'Angle
4452:Descent into the Ice
3526:"Routes description"
3303:20 June 2009 at the
1951:The television-film
1933:La Terre, son visage
1739:Air India Flight 101
1724:Air India Flight 245
1468:Air India Flight 101
1464:Air India Flight 245
1310:, also known as the
1123:Air India Flight 101
1119:Air India Flight 245
952:on 24 March 1860 by
897:At the scale of the
885:Mont Blanc from the
782:improve this article
636:. The 11.6 km (
339:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
169:45.83278°N 6.86500°E
7076:France–Italy border
6946:limited recognition
6284:Other Greek islands
5541:Skyway Monte Bianco
4834:Mont Blanc du Tacul
4739:Aiguille de Triolet
4714:Aiguille du Pissoir
4654:Aiguilles du Diable
4484:"Blanc, Mont"
3476:. 6 November 2009.
3403:"Mont Blanc Tunnel"
3319:. 23 October 1966.
3074:www.davidrumsey.com
2578:2010Lands...7..493R
2249:Tête Rousse Glacier
2143:World Heritage Site
1922:Cultural references
1436:Mont Blanc du Tacul
1374:Mont Blanc du Tacul
1354:La Voie des 3 Monts
1328:Gare du Nid d'Aigle
1079:Janssen observatory
927:Italian unification
923:Kingdom of Sardinia
316:Mont Blanc (Europe)
250:Mont Blanc (France)
165: /
5748:Pico de las Nieves
5675:Mount Kruzenshtern
5551:Tour du Mont Blanc
5526:Mont Blanc tramway
5073:Plan de l'Aiguille
4864:Picco Luigi Amedeo
4694:Aiguille du Jardin
4689:Aiguille du Grépon
4674:Aiguille du Goûter
4345:on 8 December 2008
4240:. 2 October 2001.
4087:on 28 October 2015
4052:www.ukclimbing.com
3774:www.ukclimbing.com
3719:. 10 August 2018.
3561:www.ukclimbing.com
3407:www.tunneltalk.com
3212:on 20 January 2013
3156:Colombo, Claudio.
2908:climbing.about.com
2269:Tour du Mont Blanc
2259:Mont Blanc Tramway
2209:
1909:mountain gendarmes
1578:
1427:
1300:
1287:
1275:
1219:
1199:
1156:
1076:
1050:Swiss National Map
1027:
1017:
1007:
938:Congress of Vienna
890:
826:
517:Caucasus Mountains
319:Show map of Europe
283:Mont Blanc (Italy)
253:Show map of France
132:Country high point
53:Highest point
7033:
7032:
6983:other territories
6639:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6542:
6541:
6483:Mount Kilimanjaro
6377:
6376:
6064:Gerlachovský štít
5786:
5647:Store Lenangstind
5579:
5578:
5531:Mont Blanc Tunnel
5053:Francesco Gonella
4884:Pointe des Plines
4874:Pointe Helbronner
4869:Pointe Allobrogia
4774:Dôme de Rochefort
4529:Mont Blanc massif
4153:on 20 August 2014
4028:on 10 August 2015
3743:"Fondation Petzl"
3383:on 4 January 2014
2914:on 27 August 2011
2890:978-2-8420-6256-9
2846:"The French Alps"
2437:[mɔ̃blɑ̃]
2264:Mont Blanc Tunnel
2254:Mont Blanc massif
2244:Mont Blanc (Moon)
2207:
2127:La neige en deuil
2001:Premier de cordée
1953:Premier de cordée
1609:
1599:
1448:altitude sickness
1385:Grands Mulets Hut
1356:is also known as
1197:Mont Blanc summit
1146:Mont Blanc Tunnel
1131:nuclear scientist
1059:
1058:
919:Victor Amadeus II
899:Mont Blanc massif
838:Holy Roman Empire
814:
813:
806:
652:Mont Blanc Tunnel
540:Mont Blanc massif
527:in Europe, after
406:
405:
384:8 August 1786 by
286:Show map of Italy
174:45.83278; 6.86500
86:
7093:
6681:Sovereign states
6666:
6659:
6652:
6643:
6642:
6625:Mount Kosciuszko
6570:
6569:
6498:
6497:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6254:Punta La Marmora
6084:Pietrosul Rodnei
6034:Serra Dolcedorme
5848:Barre des Écrins
5780:
5727:Atlantic islands
5705:Torre de Cerredo
5665:Hvannadalshnúkur
5606:
5599:
5592:
5583:
5582:
4942:Petit Col Ferret
4819:Grandes Jorasses
4729:Aiguille du Tour
4719:Aiguille du Plan
4699:Aiguille du Midi
4659:Aiguilles Dorées
4614:
4608:
4602:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4486:
4448:
4447:on 4 March 2016.
4443:. Archived from
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4322:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4149:. Archived from
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4083:. Archived from
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4022:"Summit Records"
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3996:www.chamonix.net
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3967:. 21 July 2013.
3957:
3951:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3907:
3901:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3866:. Archived from
3856:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3689:. 25 July 2012.
3677:
3671:
3670:
3664:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3627:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3599:
3593:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3532:. Archived from
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3453:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3379:. Archived from
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3313:
3307:
3295:
3289:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3205:. Archived from
3192:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3168:on 1 August 2012
3164:. Archived from
3153:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3124:"FICHE QUESTION"
3120:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3044:map.geo.admin.ch
3036:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2910:. Archived from
2902:Green, Stewart.
2899:
2893:
2880:André Fournier,
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2850:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2819:Climate-data.org
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2557:
2551:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2439:
2434:
2422:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2362:
2346:
2335:
2325:
2294:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2205:
2199:
2181:
2101:Juliusz Słowacki
2079:
2061:Anthony Horowitz
1971:and directed by
1969:Leni Riefenstahl
1945:Malabar Princess
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1734:
1733:
1719:
1718:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1655:
1654:
1615:Audio 00:39:46 (
1611:
1610:
1597:
1586:
1432:Aiguille du Midi
1360:. Starting from
1318:. Starting from
1039:
996:
995:
857:Pré-Saint-Didier
809:
802:
798:
795:
789:
766:
758:
649:
648:
644:
641:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
481:
480:
475:
474:
471:
468:
465:
452:
451:
448:
447:
442:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
363:
320:
306:
305:
299:
287:
273:
272:
266:
254:
240:
239:
233:
221:
220:Show map of Alps
207:
206:
200:
180:
179:
177:
176:
175:
170:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
121:
111:
82:
76:
45:
28:
27:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7091:
7090:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7029:
6982:
6973:
6964:Northern Cyprus
6945:
6938:
6854:North Macedonia
6675:
6670:
6640:
6631:
6610:
6589:
6561:
6538:
6517:
6489:
6470:
6451:
6432:
6413:
6408:
6378:
6373:
6354:Mount Dyultydag
6310:
6230:
6104:
6048:
6012:
5948:Jôf di Montasio
5828:Hoher Dachstein
5774:
5722:
5679:
5615:
5610:
5580:
5575:
5484:
5120:
5112:
4999:
4951:
4947:Col des Montets
4923:
4839:Mont Brouillard
4814:Grande Rocheuse
4664:Aiguille du Dru
4615:
4609:
4603:
4594:
4531:
4526:
4435:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4378:
4376:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4286:
4284:
4261:
4257:
4247:
4245:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4170:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4120:on 28 July 2014
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4080:The Independent
4071:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3947:Wayback Machine
3938:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3915:www.jaccuzzi.ch
3909:
3908:
3904:
3897:Wayback Machine
3887:
3883:
3873:
3871:
3870:on 21 July 2017
3858:
3857:
3853:
3843:
3841:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3658:
3657:
3650:
3648:
3641:
3637:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3611:
3600:
3596:
3587:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3536:on 25 July 2011
3524:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3437:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3305:Wayback Machine
3296:
3292:
3286:Wayback Machine
3277:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3247:
3245:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3154:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3016:
3014:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2949:
2947:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2900:
2896:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2848:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2773:
2767:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2615:Comte, Armand.
2613:
2609:
2558:
2554:
2544:Wayback Machine
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2465:
2461:
2449:
2432:
2423:
2419:
2413:Wayback Machine
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2322:Wayback Machine
2312:Wayback Machine
2295:
2291:
2287:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2201:
2198:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2139:
2091:J. M. W. Turner
1997:
1929:
1924:
1894:Patrick Sweeney
1890:
1881:Hillary Gerardi
1874:Emelie Forsberg
1859:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1825:Marco Evaristti
1822:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1772:Stéphane Brosse
1770:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1746:
1744:
1731:
1729:
1712:
1710:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1587:
1567:
1542:
1488:
1460:
1340:Goûter Corridor
1334:, crossing the
1292:
1290:Climbing routes
1191:
1178:
1172:
1148:
1142:
1115:
1081:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1040:
921:, acquired the
895:
866:and the doctor
847:began to go to
830:Frankish Empire
810:
799:
793:
790:
779:
767:
756:
722:
716:
660:
646:
642:
639:
637:
483:
477:
462:
458:
444:
420:
416:
398:
361:
337:
325:
324:
323:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
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307:
290:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
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257:
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251:
248:
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245:
241:
224:
223:
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215:
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208:
173:
171:
167:
164:
159:
156:
154:
152:
151:
138:
134:
115:
81:
79:Lake Kubenskoye
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7099:
7089:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6986:
6984:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6950:
6948:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6931:
6929:United Kingdom
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6744:Czech Republic
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6685:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6669:
6668:
6661:
6654:
6646:
6637:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6620:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6599:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6578:
6576:
6567:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6527:
6525:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6506:
6504:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6478:
6476:
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6166:Pangaion Hills
6163:
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6138:
6133:
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6118:
6112:
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6081:
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6053:Eastern Europe
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5803:Finsteraarhorn
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5714:Massif Central
5707:
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5480:Winthrop Young
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4399:French IGN map
4393:
4392:External links
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4065:
4054:. 19 June 2023
4039:
4013:
3990:chamonix.net.
3982:
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3881:
3860:"Henri GIRAUD"
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3530:camptocamp.org
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2572:(4): 493–501.
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2165:Global warming
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1920:
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1879:17 June 2023:
1877:
1872:21 June 2018:
1870:
1865:11 July 2013:
1863:
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1831:
1823:Danish artist
1810:
1781:
1776:Pierre Gignoux
1758:
1742:
1735:
1727:
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1691:July 1838
1688:
1671:July 1808
1668:
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1647:Jacques Balmat
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1459:
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1400:Gonella refuge
1388:
1381:
1351:
1348:Dôme du Goûter
1291:
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1264:Massif Central
1190:
1187:
1174:Main article:
1171:
1168:
1162:, France, and
1144:Main article:
1141:
1138:
1134:Homi J. Bhabha
1127:Geneva Airport
1114:
1111:
1093:Gustave Eiffel
1085:Pierre Janssen
1080:
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966:Savoyard state
948:was signed in
911:Dôme du Goûter
894:
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868:Michel Paccard
864:Jacques Balmat
812:
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770:
768:
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755:
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718:Main article:
715:
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701:Alpine orogeny
659:
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535:in the world.
513:Western Europe
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389:Jacques Balmat
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7005:Faroe Islands
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6995:Åland Islands
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6604:Mount Wilhelm
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6456:North America
6454:
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6439:
6437:South America
6435:
6428:
6427:
6426:Mount Everest
6423:
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6416:
6412:
6411:Seven Summits
6405:
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5968:Ellmauer Halt
5966:
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5963:Birkkarspitze
5961:
5959:
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5943:Pointe Percée
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5883:Dents du Midi
5881:
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5874:
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5869:
5868:Gran Paradiso
5866:
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5798:Grossglockner
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5148:
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5145:Anderegg (M.)
5143:
5141:
5140:Anderegg (J.)
5138:
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5058:Grands Mulets
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4907:
4905:
4904:Punta Baretti
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4894:Pointe Walker
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4879:Pointe d'Orny
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4789:Grand Capucin
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:Dent du Géant
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4518:
4516:
4511:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4492:
4491:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4326:
4320:
4304:
4298:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4225:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4183:
4179:
4176:(in French).
4175:
4168:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4135:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4102:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4069:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3900:, 8 June 2007
3899:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3885:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3825:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3795:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3668:
3662:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3625:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3457:
3451:
3435:
3428:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3255:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3183:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3150:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3101:
3095:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3025:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2994:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2976:La Repubblica
2972:
2966:
2958:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2939:La Repubblica
2935:
2929:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2763:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2626:
2623:(in French).
2622:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2357:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2216:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2180:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:Running Water
2116:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2050:Percy Shelley
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1967:, 1930) with
1966:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:Kilian Jornet
1864:
1848:
1832:
1826:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1689:
1684:
1683:Maria Paradis
1669:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1618:
1601:
1585:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1534:
1533:Grands Mulets
1530:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1411:Conscrits Hut
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:Miage Glacier
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:Cosmiques Hut
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Grand Couloir
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1298:Mont Blanc 3D
1296:
1284:
1283:Dent du Géant
1279:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:Saint-Gervais
1232:
1228:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1183:staging areas
1177:
1170:1999 disaster
1167:
1165:
1161:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1073:
1072:Vallot refuge
1070:The original
1068:
1051:
1046:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
992:
988:
984:
982:
978:
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
930:
928:
924:
920:
915:
912:
908:
904:
900:
888:
883:
879:
877:
876:Marie Paradis
873:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
841:
839:
835:
831:
823:
818:
808:
805:
797:
787:
783:
777:
776:
771:This section
769:
765:
760:
759:
751:
748:
747:precipitation
743:
741:
738:
733:
731:
727:
721:
711:
709:
708:Venance Payot
704:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
655:
653:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
612:, Italy; and
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:winter sports
584:
583:trail running
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
504:
456:
450:
414:
410:
401:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
383:
381:
377:
372:
369:
366:
364:
358:
355:
351:
348:
344:
340:
335:
332:
328:
298:
265:
232:
199:
188:
183:
178:
150:
148:
144:
141:
140:Seven Summits
137:
133:
130:
128:
124:
119:
114:
113:Kukurtlu Dome
108:2,812 km
107:
105:
101:
98:
95:
93:
89:
85:
80:
72:
70:
66:
62:
60:
56:
51:
44:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
6979:Dependencies
6934:Vatican City
6798:
6763:
6623:
6602:
6581:
6553:
6531:
6530:
6511:Mount Elbrus
6509:
6502:Conventional
6481:
6462:
6443:
6424:
6301:
6283:
6265:
6257:
6249:
6241:
6226:Psili Koryfi
6095:
6087:
6069:Parângu Mare
6059:
6024:Corno Grande
5998:Zirbitzkogel
5988:Grand Combin
5913:Großer Priel
5823:Dufourspitze
5792:
5765:
5756:
5733:
5718:Puy de Sancy
5713:
5690:
5670:Newtontoppen
5655:
5637:Jiehkkevárri
5627:Galdhøpiggen
5496:Arve (river)
5275:Graham Brown
5220:Cordier (P.)
5215:Cordier (H.)
5118:Mountaineers
4975:Mer de Glace
4889:Pointe Ronde
4823:
4794:Grand Darray
4488:
4445:the original
4441:Peakware.com
4440:
4437:"Mont Blanc"
4377:. Retrieved
4368:
4359:
4347:. Retrieved
4343:the original
4333:
4307:. Retrieved
4297:
4285:. Retrieved
4269:The Guardian
4268:
4258:
4246:. Retrieved
4237:
4231:
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4198:
4186:. Retrieved
4167:
4155:. Retrieved
4151:the original
4146:The Guardian
4144:
4134:
4122:. Retrieved
4118:the original
4111:
4101:
4089:. Retrieved
4085:the original
4078:
4068:
4056:. Retrieved
4051:
4042:
4030:. Retrieved
4026:the original
4016:
4004:. Retrieved
3995:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3965:climbing.com
3964:
3955:
3939:
3935:
3923:. Retrieved
3914:
3905:
3888:
3884:
3872:. Retrieved
3868:the original
3863:
3854:
3842:. Retrieved
3831:
3824:
3812:. Retrieved
3801:
3794:
3782:. Retrieved
3773:
3763:
3751:. Retrieved
3737:
3727:11 September
3725:. Retrieved
3716:
3707:
3695:. Retrieved
3686:The Atlantic
3684:
3675:
3649:. Retrieved
3638:
3624:cite journal
3612:. Retrieved
3607:
3597:
3589:
3569:. Retrieved
3560:
3550:
3538:. Retrieved
3534:the original
3529:
3520:
3510:29 September
3508:. Retrieved
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3473:
3464:
3438:. Retrieved
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3406:
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3381:the original
3376:
3367:
3355:. Retrieved
3346:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3311:
3293:
3274:
3262:
3253:
3246:. Retrieved
3235:
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3207:the original
3194:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3166:the original
3161:
3136:. Retrieved
3127:
3103:. Retrieved
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3073:
3064:
3052:. Retrieved
3043:
3022:
3015:. Retrieved
3001:
2992:
2985:. Retrieved
2974:
2965:
2955:
2948:. Retrieved
2937:
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2912:the original
2907:
2897:
2882:Mer de Glace
2881:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2852:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2818:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2777:
2749:. Retrieved
2740:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2710:
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2680:
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2650:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2620:
2610:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2537:peaklist.org
2531:
2521:29 September
2519:. Retrieved
2510:
2501:
2489:. Retrieved
2473:The Guardian
2472:
2462:
2446:Monte Bianco
2420:
2404:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2371:The Guardian
2370:
2360:
2333:
2298:Mount Elbrus
2292:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2140:
2131:Henri Troyat
2126:
2117:
2113:Jon Krakauer
2107:Eiger Dreams
2105:
2096:
2074:
2065:
2054:
2043:
2039:Mary Shelley
2032:
2021:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1983:
1977:
1973:Arnold Fanck
1964:
1958:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1932:
1913:
1902:
1898:an avalanche
1891:
1828:degradation.
1715:Pope Pius XI
1663:Mark Beaufoy
1627:
1559:Goûter Route
1551:
1543:
1477:
1461:
1452:acclimatised
1444:
1428:
1406:
1391:
1358:La Traversée
1357:
1353:
1339:
1335:
1315:
1311:
1308:Goûter Route
1301:
1260:Black Forest
1248:
1244:
1240:
1220:
1200:
1179:
1157:
1121:in 1950 and
1116:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1082:
985:
974:
970:
954:Napoleon III
935:
931:
916:
896:
861:
842:
840:until 1792.
827:
800:
791:
780:Please help
775:verification
772:
744:
739:
734:
723:
705:
682:of the late
676:mica schists
661:
634:Col du Géant
622:Haute-Savoie
610:Aosta Valley
603:
599:Goûter Route
595:snowboarding
572:
546:lies on the
537:
529:Mount Elbrus
523:. It is the
408:
407:
380:First ascent
362:Parent range
334:Aosta Valley
97:Mount Elbrus
36:Monte Bianco
25:
7015:Isle of Man
6944:States with
6914:Switzerland
6849:Netherlands
6583:Puncak Jaya
6523:Alternative
6171:Kajmakčalan
6060:Carpathians
6008:Cima Brenta
5888:Chamechaude
5878:Cima Dodici
5652:Sarektjåkkå
5556:Val d'Aosta
5511:Haute Route
5435:de Saussure
5093:Tré la Tête
5083:Tête Rousse
4990:Tête Rousse
4899:Le Portalet
4854:Mont Maudit
4849:Mont Mallet
4844:Mont Dolent
4779:Les Droites
4570:Les Houches
4537:Settlements
4248:25 December
4238:Le Monde.fr
4188:9 September
4178:France Bleu
4157:9 September
4124:9 September
4091:9 September
3195:Lo Scarpone
3162:corriere.it
3024:settlement.
2957:giudiziari.
2821:. AmbiWeb.
2661:13 February
2239:Haute Route
2226:Alps portal
2067:The Prelude
2056:Point Blanc
1574:Aerial view
1523:Tête Rousse
1440:Mont Maudit
1378:Mont Maudit
1316:Voie Royale
1113:Air crashes
1106:in extremis
907:Mont Dolent
834:Charlemagne
794:August 2020
678:during the
368:Graian Alps
172: /
147:Coordinates
116: [
92:Parent peak
84:Ranked 11th
73:4696 m
7046:Mont Blanc
7040:Categories
6884:San Marino
6844:Montenegro
6824:Luxembourg
6804:Kazakhstan
6709:Azerbaijan
6547:Antarctica
6532:Mont Blanc
6339:Tebulosmta
6191:Këndrevica
6092:Roman-Kosh
6074:Moldoveanu
5928:Presanella
5808:Wildspitze
5793:Mont Blanc
5660:Beerenberg
5656:On islands
5632:Kebnekaise
5561:Val Ferret
5460:Vallençant
5375:Middlemore
5270:Ghirardini
5260:Eckenstein
5245:Destivelle
5068:Mont-Blanc
5048:Elisabetta
5023:Argentière
4965:Argentière
4937:Col Ferret
4919:Tour Ronde
4909:Tita Neire
4859:Pic Eccles
4824:Mont Blanc
4804:Grande Lui
4754:Le Catogne
4560:Courmayeur
4545:Argentière
4408:Mont Blanc
4309:23 October
4214:10 January
4006:23 October
3975:23 October
3874:23 October
3844:13 January
3784:9 November
3753:13 January
3571:9 November
3540:27 January
3484:23 October
3417:23 October
3387:23 October
3357:23 October
3327:23 October
3248:25 January
3216:30 October
3172:30 October
3138:23 October
3084:30 October
3017:25 January
2987:25 January
2950:25 January
2866:18 January
2741:Mindat.org
2711:Mindat.org
2681:Mindat.org
2651:Mindat.org
2566:Landslides
2511:Franceinfo
2429:Mont Blanc
2405:Mont Blanc
2352:References
2137:Protection
2081:Mont Blanc
2045:Mont Blanc
2028:Lord Byron
1995:Literature
1988:Abel Gance
1854:2012-08-19
1838:2007-09-13
1817:2007-06-08
1797:Rochebrune
1788:2003-08-13
1765:2003-05-30
1630:media help
1552:In 2016 a
1547:Gouter Hut
1458:Fatalities
1344:Goûter Hut
1262:, and the
1221:After the
1202:2002, the
1164:Courmayeur
1089:astronomer
853:Courmayeur
730:Swiss Alps
696:porphyroid
684:Palaeozoic
666:(termed a
650: mi)
606:Courmayeur
531:, and the
409:Mont Blanc
310:Mont Blanc
277:Mont Blanc
244:Mont Blanc
211:Mont Blanc
160:06°51′54″E
157:45°49′58″N
69:Prominence
31:Mont Blanc
7010:Gibraltar
6819:Lithuania
6595:Political
6574:Continent
6566:Australia
6445:Aconcagua
6359:Kaputjugh
6329:Bazardüzü
6275:Lefka Ori
6201:Parnassus
6100:Narodnaya
6017:Apennines
5993:Tournette
5908:Grintovec
5893:Zugspitze
5833:Marmolada
5818:Hochkönig
5350:MacIntyre
5280:Güssfeldt
5240:Desmaison
5175:Bonington
5155:Blanchard
5038:Couvercle
5033:Cosmiques
4914:Tour Noir
4784:Le Génépi
4621:Mountains
4369:The Times
4349:20 August
4277:0261-3077
4113:Le Figaro
3814:5 January
3237:Swissinfo
3203:1590-7716
2786:0044-2836
2602:140203828
2594:1612-510X
2491:5 October
2481:0261-3077
2389:5 October
2379:0261-3077
2296:Although
2122:AEW Mason
1984:The Wheel
1942:The film
1916:Hungarian
1617:full text
1516:Cosmiques
1189:Elevation
1083:In 1890,
1048:1:50'000
878:in 1808.
688:intrusive
668:batholith
630:cable car
548:watershed
346:Countries
185:Geography
104:Isolation
59:Elevation
7025:Svalbard
7000:Guernsey
6954:Abkhazia
6899:Slovenia
6894:Slovakia
6869:Portugal
6729:Bulgaria
6616:Mainland
6349:Dykh-Tau
6316:Caucasus
6300:—
6286::
6282:—
6264:—
6256:—
6250:Sardinia
6248:—
6216:Valamara
6186:Jakupica
6176:Smolikas
6131:Taygetus
6094:—
6086:—
6039:Montalto
5983:Grimming
5938:Col Nudo
5933:Birnhorn
5755:—
5734:Canaries
5712:—
5710:Almanzor
5695:Mulhacén
5654:—
5642:Snøhetta
5566:Val Veny
5470:Whillans
5410:Rébuffat
5340:Lafaille
5335:Lachenal
5325:Kukuczka
5290:Heckmair
5265:Gabarrou
5195:Burgener
5063:Leschaux
5028:Charpoua
4957:Glaciers
4749:La Breya
4580:Les Praz
4565:La Fouly
4550:Chamonix
4481:(1911).
4373:Archived
4319:cite web
4287:20 March
4281:Archived
4242:Archived
4208:Archived
4182:Archived
4000:Archived
3969:Archived
3943:Archived
3919:Archived
3893:Archived
3838:Archived
3808:Archived
3778:Archived
3747:Archived
3721:Archived
3717:BBC News
3697:10 March
3691:Archived
3661:cite web
3565:Archived
3504:Archived
3478:Archived
3450:cite web
3440:29 April
3411:Archived
3377:atmb.com
3351:Archived
3347:BBC News
3321:Archived
3301:Archived
3282:Archived
3242:Archived
3132:Archived
3078:Archived
3048:Archived
3011:Archived
2981:Archived
2944:Archived
2918:7 August
2857:Archived
2823:Archived
2790:Archived
2745:Archived
2715:Archived
2685:Archived
2655:Archived
2625:Archived
2540:Archived
2515:Archived
2485:Archived
2450:Italian:
2409:Archived
2383:Archived
2318:Archived
2308:Archived
2302:Eurasian
2212:See also
2171:Panorama
1905:Austrian
1753:Chamonix
1554:crevasse
1535:, 3050 m
1525:, 3167 m
1518:, 3613 m
1508:, 3817 m
1495:, 4362 m
1362:Chamonix
1231:Chamonix
1160:Chamonix
849:Chamonix
822:Valdigne
692:tectonic
618:Chamonix
579:climbing
374:Climbing
341:, France
330:Location
217:Location
6924:Ukraine
6874:Romania
6834:Moldova
6794:Ireland
6789:Iceland
6784:Hungary
6774:Germany
6769:Georgia
6759:Finland
6754:Estonia
6749:Denmark
6734:Croatia
6719:Belgium
6714:Belarus
6704:Austria
6699:Armenia
6694:Andorra
6689:Albania
6344:Aragats
6306:Olympus
6304::
6298:Fengari
6268::
6260::
6252::
6244::
6242:Corsica
6196:Radomir
6161:Papingu
6151:Kyllini
6141:Jezercë
6121:Olympus
6109:Balkans
6098::
6090::
6079:Peleaga
6062::
5978:Hochtor
5953:Polinik
5923:Bondone
5903:Arcalod
5898:Antelao
5843:Triglav
5813:Bernina
5768::
5766:Madeira
5759::
5753:Malpaso
5736::
5716::
5693::
5658::
5475:Whymper
5445:Stephen
5420:Robbins
5395:Paradis
5390:Paccard
5385:Mummery
5370:Messner
5365:Mazeaud
5355:Mallory
5345:Lambert
5330:Kurtyka
5320:Kuffner
5315:Klucker
5305:Kennedy
5295:Hemming
5250:Długosz
5205:Charlet
5185:Bristow
5170:Bonatti
5103:Saleina
5018:A Neuve
5005:Refuges
4985:Saleina
4970:Bossons
4575:Montroc
4555:Champex
4058:22 June
3651:5 March
3614:5 March
3054:29 July
2829:15 June
2799:15 June
2574:Bibcode
2442:Italian
2433:French:
2097:Kordian
2069:Book VI
2023:Manfred
1979:La Roue
1852: (
1836: (
1815: (
1805:Samoëns
1786: (
1763: (
1695:1838-07
1693: (
1675:1808-07
1673: (
1531:Refuge
1521:Refuge
1514:Refuge
1504:Refuge
1491:Refuge
1486:Refuges
1314:or the
754:History
714:Climate
664:granite
658:Geology
645:⁄
336:, Italy
127:Listing
110:→
75:↓
7020:Jersey
6959:Kosovo
6919:Turkey
6909:Sweden
6889:Serbia
6879:Russia
6864:Poland
6859:Norway
6839:Monaco
6809:Latvia
6779:Greece
6764:France
6739:Cyprus
6494:Europe
6475:Africa
6464:Denali
6334:Kazbek
6324:Elbrus
6302:Cyprus
6258:Sicily
6126:Vihren
6116:Musala
6088:Crimea
6044:Cimone
5858:Ortler
5853:Säntis
5757:Azores
5465:Walker
5455:Twight
5450:Terray
5440:Smythe
5300:Hudson
5285:Harlin
5255:Eccles
5210:Clough
5200:Cassin
5180:Boulaz
5165:Boivin
5160:Blodig
5150:Balmat
5130:Allain
5108:Vallot
5098:Trient
5088:Torino
5043:Durier
4995:Trient
4590:Trient
4379:29 May
4275:
3925:29 May
3201:
3105:6 July
2888:
2784:
2751:2 June
2721:2 June
2691:2 June
2631:2 June
2600:
2592:
2479:
2425:French
2377:
2343:Ortler
2341:, the
2147:UNESCO
1801:Megève
1745:1990:
1737:1966:
1730:1960:
1722:1950:
1711:1890:
1659:1787:
1649:; see
1639:1786:
1506:Goûter
1493:Vallot
1364:, the
1322:, the
1258:, the
1256:Vosges
1254:, the
1140:Tunnel
1062:Vallot
1005:Italy.
832:under
672:gneiss
593:, and
591:skiing
575:hiking
568:France
552:Ferret
544:summit
350:France
6904:Spain
6829:Malta
6799:Italy
6369:Shani
6293:Ainos
6288:Dirfi
6280:Dikti
6266:Crete
6246:Cinto
6206:Botev
6181:Giona
6146:Athos
6136:Korab
6096:Urals
6029:Amaro
6003:Kesch
5863:Baldo
5779:Alps
5770:Ruivo
5738:Teide
5700:Aneto
5691:Spain
5489:Other
5430:Rouse
5405:Ratti
5400:Patey
5380:Moore
5360:Maund
5225:Couzy
5190:Brown
5135:Almer
4980:Miage
4032:8 May
3210:(PDF)
3191:(PDF)
2860:(PDF)
2849:(PDF)
2793:(PDF)
2774:(PDF)
2598:S2CID
2285:Notes
2085:, by
1749:Swiss
1087:, an
962:Savoy
950:Turin
589:like
560:Italy
354:Italy
136:Ultra
120:]
6418:Asia
6262:Etna
6221:Baba
6211:Çika
6156:Ossa
5958:Tödi
5873:Coca
5838:Viso
5783:List
5761:Pico
5425:Roch
5310:King
5235:Dent
5230:Croz
4929:Cols
4381:2013
4351:2011
4325:link
4311:2017
4289:2019
4273:ISSN
4250:2018
4216:2011
4190:2017
4159:2017
4126:2017
4093:2017
4060:2023
4034:2016
4008:2017
3977:2017
3927:2020
3876:2017
3846:2019
3816:2019
3786:2015
3755:2020
3729:2019
3699:2017
3667:link
3653:2009
3630:link
3616:2009
3573:2015
3542:2023
3512:2021
3486:2017
3456:link
3442:2015
3419:2017
3389:2017
3359:2017
3329:2017
3250:2022
3218:2020
3199:ISSN
3174:2020
3140:2017
3107:2024
3086:2020
3056:2020
3019:2022
2989:2022
2952:2022
2920:2011
2886:ISBN
2868:2016
2831:2022
2801:2022
2782:ISSN
2753:2016
2723:2016
2693:2016
2663:2016
2633:2016
2590:ISSN
2523:2021
2493:2023
2477:ISSN
2391:2023
2375:ISSN
1774:and
1747:The
1645:and
1466:and
1438:and
1376:and
1252:Jura
1233:and
987:NATO
956:and
674:and
628:. A
616:and
585:and
564:Arve
556:Veny
554:and
511:and
509:Alps
352:and
6981:and
6270:Ida
5415:Rey
3268:IGN
2582:doi
2129:by
2120:by
2111:by
2099:by
2059:by
2048:by
2037:by
2026:by
2015:by
1799:at
1338:or
1227:IGN
1208:GPS
1204:IGN
946:act
905:to
887:TMB
784:by
740:Cfb
620:in
608:in
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