122:
351:
236:. As such, states can resort to coercive means such as incarceration, expropriation, humiliation, and death threats to obtain the population's compliance with its rule and thus maintain order. However, this monopoly is limited to a certain geographical area, and in fact this limitation to a particular area is one of the things that defines a state." In other words, Weber describes the state as any organization that succeeds in holding the exclusive right to use, threaten, or authorize physical force against residents of its territory. Such a monopoly, according to Weber, must occur via a process of
25:
370:, the state would not otherwise be able to enforce its legitimacy in its desired sphere of influence. In early and developing states, this role was often played by the "stationary bandit" who defended villagers from roving bandits, in the hope that the protection would incentivize villagers to invest in economic production, and the stationary bandit could eventually use its coercive power to expropriate some of that wealth.
341:
argues that the state itself has no violent power; rather, the people hold all the power of coercion to ensure that order and other equilibriums hold up. The implication of this is that there is a frontier of well-being in stateless societies, that can only be surpassed if some level of coercion or
308:
For the same reasons, "monopoly" does not mean that only the government may use physical force, but that the state is that human community that successfully claims for itself to be the only source of legitimacy for all physical coercion or adjudication of coercion. For example, the law might permit
121:
432:, Jon D. Wiseman points out that a state's monopoly on violence is conferred by the people of that state in exchange for protection of their person and property, which in turn grants states the ability to coerce and exploit people through, for example, taxation.
424:
Martha
Lizabeth Phelps takes Weber's ideas on the legitimacy of private security a step further, claiming that the use of private actors by the state remains legitimate if and only if military contractors are perceived as being controlled by the state.
342:
violence is used to elevate the complexity of the state. In other words, without investing in troops, police, or some sort of enforcement mechanism, early states cannot enjoy the law and order (or prosperity) of more developed states.
377:
providing buyers and sellers in the black market with protection. Without this type of enforcement, market participants would not be confident enough to trust their counter-parties to honor contracts and the market would collapse.
366:. Fiscal capacity meaning the state's ability to recover taxation, and legal capacity meaning the state's supremacy as sole arbiter of conflict resolution and contract enforcement. Without some sort of
1196:
373:
In regions where state presence is minimally felt, non-state actors can use their monopoly on violence to establish legitimacy, or maintain power. For example, the
Sicilian Mafia originated as a
317:, but this right derives from the state's authority. This conflicts directly with enlightenment principles of individual sovereignty that delegates power to the state by consent, and concepts of
1096:
289:
He intended the statement as a contemporary observation, noting that the connection between the state and the use of physical force has not always been so close. He uses the examples of
385:
continues this comparison to say that warmaking and statemaking are actually the best representations of what organized crime can grow into. The relationship between the state,
1088:
265:
A compulsory political organization with continuous operations will be called a 'state' insofar as its administrative staff successfully upholds a claim to the
1424:
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and sex crimes (thus the nickname "bawdy courts"). Regardless, the state exists wherever a single authority can legitimately authorize violence.
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In unorganized and underground markets, violence is used to enforce contracts in the absence of accessible legal conflict resolution.
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190:(1919), the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force is a core concept of modern public law, which goes back to
3192:
790:, eds P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, and T. Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. • Introduction and Chapt
1467:
338:
75:
966:
Phelps, Martha
Lizabeth (December 2014). "Doppelgangers of the State: Private Security and Transferable Legitimacy".
764:
Owens, Emily Greene (2011). "Are
Underground Markets Really More Violent? Evidence from Early 20th Century America".
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preexist the state and are only recognised and guaranteed by the state which may be restricted from limiting them by
108:
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that a fundamental characteristic of statehood is the claim of such a monopoly. An expanded definition appears in
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Weber's rationalism and modern society: new translations on politics, bureaucracy, and social stratification
557:
Weber's rationalism and modern society: new translations on politics, bureaucracy, and social stratification
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are characterized by the absence of widely acknowledged legitimacy in the use of force between states.
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and violence has been noted as having a direct relationship, using violence as a form of coercion.
559:. Translated by Waters, Tony; Waters, Dagmar. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 129–198.
82:
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592:. Translated by Waters, Tony; Waters, Dagmar. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 136.
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397:, authority, and the state; the notion of a monopoly of violence is largely connected to
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2013:
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1988:
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870:"How the normative resistance of anarchism shaped the state monopoly on violence"
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1517:
1390:
1280:
819:
786:
Tilly, Charles (1985). “War making and state making as organized crime” in
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1097:
Roman
Agrarian History and Its Significance for Public and Private Law
301:, which had sole jurisdiction over some types of offenses, especially
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1562:
1532:
442:
367:
1197:
The 'Objectivity' of
Knowledge in Social Science and Social Policy
710:
Olson, Mancur (1993). "Dictatorship, Democracy, and
Development".
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2110:
2078:
2068:
1839:
1799:
1632:
1557:
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While the monopoly on violence as the defining conception of the
640:(5 ed.). TĂĽbingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck. p. 29.
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1859:
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302:
194:
158:
2088:
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1512:
1014:
2083:
1507:
294:
621:
Weber, Max (1978). Roth, Guenther; Wittich, Claus (eds.).
358:
The capacity of a state is often measured in terms of its
1652:
1547:
835:"Markets and Hierarchies: Some Elementary Considerations"
138:
588:
Weber, Max (2015). Waters, Tony; Waters, Dagmar (eds.).
555:
Weber, Max (2015). Waters, Tony; Waters, Dagmar (eds.).
1089:
Zur
Geschichte der Handelsgesellschaften im Mittelalter
321:
that hold that individual rights deriving from sapient
751:
The
Sicilian Mafia: the business of private protection
133:
exercise. Due to the monopoly on violence held by the
232:which lays claim to the monopoly on the legitimate
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
909:
868:
801:
285:Weber applied several caveats to this definition:
1204:The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism
1121:The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
636:Weber, Max (1980) . Winckelmann, Johannes (ed.).
226:. Weber claims that the state is the "only human
3347:
514:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
137:, the police officer is allowed to use violence
1425:Archiv fĂĽr Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik
667:
508:Police power (United States constitutional law)
430:Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict
297:was permitted under certain conditions, and of
129:officer holding a suspect at gunpoint during a
1468:
1030:
995:Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict
911:"Anarchism! What Geography Still Ought to be"
345:
309:individuals to use force in defense of one's
1974:
1422:
1413:
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16:Core legal concept and definition of a state
1910:
1105:Condition of Farm Labour in Eastern Germany
992:
875:European Journal of International Relations
803:"Networks: Between markets and hierarchies"
1475:
1461:
1211:The Rejection and the Meaning of the World
1129:The Economic Ethics of the World Religions
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1023:
832:
169:, and thus the supreme authority of that
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1482:
1333:Three-component theory of stratification
907:
799:
748:
668:Bates, R.; Greif, A.; Singh, S. (2002).
629:
625:. Berkeley: U. California P. p. 54.
349:
120:
3058:Reflections on the Revolution in France
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1338:Tripartite classification of authority
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753:. Harvard University Press. p. 1.
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180:was first described in sociology by
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3168:The End of History and the Last Man
3078:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
393:view a direct relationship between
354:Anarchist placard, 12 December 2020
13:
993:Kurtz, L.R.; Turpin, J.E. (1999).
281:) in the enforcement of its order.
155:monopoly on the legal use of force
14:
3377:
766:American Law and Economics Review
712:American Political Science Review
3366:Concepts in political philosophy
3138:The Open Society and Its Enemies
950:Paix et guerre entre les nations
936:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01034.x
401:of rejection of all unjustified
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1945:Family as a model for the state
1432:German Sociological Association
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959:
942:
901:
860:
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793:
780:
714:. September 1993 (3): 567–576.
207:Les Six livres de la RĂ©publique
161:that is the only entity in its
34:needs additional citations for
3295:Separation of church and state
3193:Collectivism and individualism
3148:The Origins of Totalitarianism
833:Williamson, Oliver E. (1973).
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677:Journal of Conflict Resolution
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1:
3335:Category:Political philosophy
3208:Critique of political economy
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458:Civil control of the military
3233:Institutional discrimination
3228:History of political thought
1960:Negative and positive rights
1286:Methodological individualism
842:The American Economic Review
808:Strategic Management Journal
520:Power (social and political)
7:
3243:Justification for the state
3028:Two Treatises of Government
867:Newell, Michael E. (2019).
638:Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
435:
141:, while the suspect is not.
10:
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1913:Bellum omnium contra omnes
800:Thorelli, Hans B. (1986).
788:Bringing the State Back In
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3118:The Revolt of the Masses
1416:Verein fĂĽr Socialpolitik
1271:Inner-worldly asceticism
1243:General Economic History
908:Springer, Simon (2012).
887:10.1177/1354066119848037
749:Gambetta, Diego (1996).
408:
3098:The Communist Manifesto
2024:Tyranny of the majority
1935:Consent of the governed
1437:German Democratic Party
952:, Paris 1962; English:
689:10.1177/002200202236166
656:Encyclopædia Britannica
463:Definition of terrorism
419:international relations
273:use of physical force (
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1925:Clash of civilizations
1911:
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1236:Politics as a Vocation
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483:Legitimacy (political)
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254:Politics as a Vocation
187:Politics as a Vocation
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127:PolicĂa Nacional Civil
58:"Monopoly on violence"
1940:Divine right of kings
1296:Protestant work ethic
1229:Science as a Vocation
1162:Sociology of Religion
1144:The Religion of India
1136:The Religion of China
968:Politics & Policy
670:"Organizing Violence"
598:10.1057/9781137365866
565:10.1057/9781137365866
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339:Robert Hinrichs Bates
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234:use of physical force
199:political philosopher
157:is the property of a
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2094:political philosophy
2004:Separation of powers
1965:Night-watchman state
1950:Monopoly on violence
1484:Political philosophy
1442:Max Weber Foundation
1291:Monopoly on violence
997:. Elsevier Science.
651:Monopoly on violence
399:anarchist philosophy
165:to legitimately use
151:monopoly on violence
147:political philosophy
43:improve this article
3278:Right-wing politics
3158:A Theory of Justice
3128:The Road to Serfdom
3048:The Social Contract
1755:Christian democracy
1178:Economy and Society
928:2012Antip..44.1605S
774:10.1093/aler/ahq017
623:Economy and Society
453:Conflict resolution
334:Criticisms of Weber
259:Economy and Society
131:security checkpoint
3290:Political violence
3285:Political theology
3268:Left-wing politics
3263:Political spectrum
1113:The Stock Exchange
980:10.1111/polp.12100
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327:constitutional law
279:physischen Zwanges
277:Monopol legitimen
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1994:Original position
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1004:978-0-12-227010-9
768:. v13, N1: 1–44.
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2009:Social contract
1989:Ordered liberty
1977:Noblesse oblige
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2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:Overton window
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Libertarianism
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1397:Marianne Weber
1394:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1348:Rational-legal
1345:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1326:Value-rational
1323:
1318:
1313:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:Disenchantment
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1010:
1003:
985:
974:(6): 824–849.
958:
948:Raymond Aron.
941:
900:
859:
848:(2): 316–325.
825:
792:
779:
756:
741:
702:
683:(5): 599–628.
660:
643:
628:
613:
606:
580:
573:
546:
545:
543:
540:
538:
537:
532:
530:State-building
527:
522:
517:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
439:
437:
434:
410:
407:
364:legal capacity
347:
344:
335:
332:
331:
330:
323:self-ownership
306:
245:
242:
117:
116:
99:September 2014
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3378:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3238:Jurisprudence
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3068:Rights of Man
3065:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:De re publica
2975:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2598:20th and 21st
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:18th and 19th
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2187:Nizam al-Mulk
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Republicanism
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1385:Max Weber Sr.
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1360:Value-freedom
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:Social action
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1006:
1000:
996:
989:
981:
977:
973:
969:
962:
955:
954:Peace and War
951:
945:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
904:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
863:
855:
851:
847:
843:
836:
829:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
796:
789:
783:
775:
771:
767:
760:
752:
745:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
706:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
671:
664:
658:
657:
652:
647:
639:
632:
624:
617:
609:
603:
599:
595:
591:
584:
576:
570:
566:
562:
558:
551:
547:
536:
535:Statelessness
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
515:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
433:
431:
426:
422:
420:
416:
413:According to
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:Charles Tilly
379:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
352:
343:
340:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
262:
260:
256:
255:
250:
241:
239:
235:
231:
230:
225:
224:
219:
218:Thomas Hobbes
216:
213:
209:
208:
204:'s 1576 work
203:
200:
196:
193:
189:
188:
184:in his essay
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:A Guatemalan
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3319:
3218:Elite theory
3166:
3156:
3146:
3136:
3126:
3116:
3106:
3096:
3086:
3076:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2255:Guicciardini
2211:Early modern
2034:Philosophers
1984:Open society
1949:
1920:Body politic
1790:Distributism
1780:Conservatism
1775:Confucianism
1694:Gerontocracy
1684:Dictatorship
1638:Sovereignty‎
1628:Ruling class
1518:Emancipation
1503:Citizenship‎
1391:Alfred Weber
1321:Instrumental
1290:
1281:Life chances
1241:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1057:Bibliography
994:
988:
971:
967:
961:
953:
949:
944:
919:
915:
903:
878:
874:
862:
845:
841:
828:
811:
807:
795:
787:
782:
765:
759:
750:
744:
711:
705:
680:
676:
663:
654:
646:
637:
631:
622:
616:
589:
583:
556:
550:
525:Private army
468:Failed state
429:
427:
423:
415:Raymond Aron
412:
380:
372:
357:
337:
284:
278:
274:
270:
266:
264:
258:
252:
247:
238:legitimation
229:Gemeinschaft
227:
221:
220:' 1651 book
205:
185:
175:
163:jurisdiction
154:
150:
144:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3092:(1835–1840)
2972:(c. 350 BC)
2962:(c. 375 BC)
2579:Tocqueville
2544:Saint-Simon
2509:Montesquieu
2360:Bolingbroke
2292:Machiavelli
2172:Ibn Khaldun
2137:Alpharabius
2130:Middle Ages
1955:Natural law
1930:Common good
1855:Nationalism
1815:Imperialism
1785:Corporatism
1760:Colonialism
1740:Agrarianism
1719:Technocracy
1699:Meritocracy
1679:Bureaucracy
1669:Aristocracy
1353:Traditional
1343:Charismatic
1316:Traditional
1311:Affectional
319:natural law
215:philosopher
3350:Categories
3300:Separatism
3108:On Liberty
3008:The Prince
2737:Huntington
2240:Campanella
2167:al-Ghazali
2116:Thucydides
2074:Lactantius
2019:Statolatry
1845:Monarchism
1825:Liberalism
1750:Capitalism
1733:Ideologies
1714:Plutocracy
1662:Government
1618:Revolution
1603:Propaganda
1553:Legitimacy
1528:Government
1266:Ideal type
1067:Liberalism
542:References
478:Insurgency
395:capitalism
391:Anarchists
271:legitimate
202:Jean Bodin
69:newspapers
3356:Max Weber
3018:Leviathan
2998:Monarchia
2992:(c. 1274)
2827:Oakeshott
2772:Mansfield
2767:Luxemburg
2752:Kropotkin
2647:Bernstein
2600:centuries
2514:Nietzsche
2457:Jefferson
2385:Condorcet
2333:centuries
2312:Pufendorf
2177:Marsilius
2064:Confucius
2049:Aristotle
2042:Antiquity
1970:Noble lie
1890:Third Way
1885:Socialism
1810:Feudalism
1765:Communism
1745:Anarchism
1724:Theocracy
1709:Oligarchy
1689:Democracy
1674:Autocracy
1588:Pluralism
1573:Obedience
1538:Hierarchy
1498:Authority
1393:(brother)
1367:Verstehen
1276:Iron cage
1046:Max Weber
895:182194314
814:: 37–51.
736:145312307
403:hierarchy
291:feudalism
251:wrote in
249:Max Weber
223:Leviathan
182:Max Weber
3273:Centrism
2968:Politics
2958:Republic
2927:Voegelin
2907:Spengler
2892:Shariati
2867:Rothbard
2822:Nussbaum
2722:Habermas
2697:Fukuyama
2687:Foucault
2612:Ambedkar
2589:Voltaire
2559:de Staël
2534:Rousseau
2415:Franklin
2390:Constant
2350:Beccaria
2182:Muhammad
2162:Gelasius
2147:Averroes
2121:Xenophon
2101:Polybius
2054:Chanakya
1899:Concepts
1865:Populism
1835:Localism
1820:Islamism
1805:Feminism
1704:Monarchy
1608:Property
1598:Progress
1563:Monopoly
1533:Hegemony
1387:(father)
1254:Concepts
1238:" (1919)
1231:" (1917)
1221:Lectures
1213:" (1916)
1206:" (1904)
1199:" (1904)
1170:The City
916:Antipode
697:14970734
443:Coercion
436:See also
368:coercion
315:property
293:, where
267:monopoly
3310:Statism
3223:Elitism
3181:Related
2982:(51 BC)
2912:Strauss
2887:Scruton
2882:Schmitt
2872:Russell
2792:Michels
2787:Maurras
2782:Marcuse
2742:Kautsky
2712:Gramsci
2707:Gentile
2677:Dworkin
2667:Du Bois
2662:Dmowski
2657:Chomsky
2652:Burnham
2637:Benoist
2607:Agamben
2574:Thoreau
2564:Stirner
2554:Spencer
2499:Mazzini
2489:Maistre
2484:Madison
2479:Le Play
2410:Fourier
2375:Carlyle
2355:Bentham
2345:Bastiat
2340:Bakunin
2317:Spinoza
2307:MĂĽntzer
2277:Leibniz
2250:Grotius
2230:Bossuet
2197:Plethon
2142:Aquinas
2111:Sun Tzu
2079:Mencius
2069:Han Fei
1840:Marxism
1800:Fascism
1633:Society
1558:Liberty
1543:Justice
1523:Freedom
1407:Related
924:Bibcode
854:1817092
728:2938736
653:at the
428:In the
387:markets
269:of the
212:English
139:legally
83:scholar
3172:(1992)
3162:(1971)
3152:(1951)
3142:(1945)
3132:(1944)
3122:(1929)
3112:(1859)
3102:(1848)
3082:(1820)
3072:(1791)
3062:(1790)
3052:(1762)
3042:(1748)
3032:(1689)
3022:(1651)
3012:(1532)
3002:(1313)
2932:Walzer
2922:Taylor
2877:Sartre
2842:Popper
2837:Pareto
2832:Ortega
2817:Nozick
2807:Mouffe
2757:Laclau
2717:Guénon
2702:Gandhi
2642:Berlin
2632:Bauman
2627:Badiou
2617:Arendt
2584:Tucker
2474:Le Bon
2435:Herder
2425:Haller
2420:Godwin
2405:Fichte
2400:Engels
2395:Cortés
2365:Bonald
2322:Suárez
2297:Milton
2287:Luther
2260:Hobbes
2245:Filmer
2235:Calvin
2220:Boétie
2213:period
2192:Ockham
2059:Cicero
1860:Nazism
1648:Utopia
1623:Rights
1613:Regime
1583:People
1568:Nation
1399:(wife)
1378:People
1246:(1923)
1189:Essays
1181:(1922)
1173:(1921)
1165:(1920)
1155:(1921)
1147:(1916)
1139:(1915)
1124:(1905)
1116:(1896)
1108:(1892)
1100:(1891)
1092:(1889)
1001:
893:
852:
734:
726:
695:
604:
571:
360:fiscal
303:heresy
195:jurist
192:French
159:polity
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3321:Index
2950:Works
2937:Weber
2902:Spann
2897:Sorel
2862:Röpke
2857:Rawls
2812:Negri
2802:Mosca
2797:Mises
2762:Lenin
2732:Hoppe
2727:Hayek
2692:Fromm
2682:Evola
2672:Dugin
2569:Taine
2549:Smith
2529:Renan
2524:Paine
2445:Iqbal
2430:Hegel
2380:Comte
2370:Burke
2282:Locke
2272:James
2225:Bodin
2157:Dante
2152:Bruni
2106:Shang
2089:Plato
1643:State
1593:Power
1578:Peace
1513:Elite
1491:Terms
1081:Books
891:S2CID
850:JSTOR
838:(PDF)
732:S2CID
724:JSTOR
693:S2CID
673:(PDF)
409:Other
178:state
167:force
135:state
90:JSTOR
76:books
2852:Rand
2847:Qutb
2747:Kirk
2622:Aron
2539:Sade
2519:Owen
2504:Mill
2494:Marx
2462:Kant
2440:Hume
2302:More
2202:Wang
2084:Mozi
1508:Duty
999:ISBN
602:ISBN
569:ISBN
362:and
311:self
210:and
197:and
171:area
149:, a
62:news
2917:Sun
2777:Mao
1653:War
1548:Law
976:doi
932:doi
883:doi
816:doi
770:doi
716:doi
685:doi
594:doi
561:doi
313:or
275:das
153:or
145:In
45:by
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