48:
1608:
2123:
2138:
3860:
6838:
2203:
1255:
250:
325:
3871:
33:
2104:
7737:
6849:
6889:
6869:
3848:
6879:
6859:
3836:
6826:
2217:
261:
1727:
1619:. Rationing continued for nearly ten years after the Second World War, and in some aspects was stricter than during wartime, so that a whole generation was raised without access to many previously common ingredients, possibly contributing to a decline of British cuisine. Writing in the 1960s about British cuisine in the 1950s, the
2066:, wrote after an 1188 tour that "The whole population lives almost entirely on oats and the produce of their herds, milk, cheese and butter. You must not expect a variety of dishes from a Welsh kitchen, and there are no highly-seasoned titbits to whet your appetite." The cuisine includes recipes for Welsh
1836:
Internationally, British food tends to have a perception of being "terrible": bland, soggy, overcooked and visually unappealing. The reason for this is debated. One popular reason is that
British culinary traditions were strong before the mid-20th century, when British cuisine suffered due to wartime
1815:
survey reported 8% of respondents claimed to be eating a plant-based diet and more than a third of respondents said they were interested in becoming vegan. In 2023, Government statistics on meat and fish consumption showed
Britons were eating the least meat at home since record keeping began in 1974.
2161:
1832:
According to Warde, three definitions of
British cuisine in response to globalisation predominate. Modern British cooking draws on Britain's culinary history to create a new British traditional cuisine. Virtuous eclecticism highlights the melting pot of different national cuisines present in the UK.
1711:
campaigned for restaurants to include more
British historical and regional dishes on their menus. In the 1980s, in the face of globalisation - which made foreign cuisines and imported produce more widely available in the UK - a style of cooking known as Modern British Cooking emerged in an effort to
1505:
to
Britain sometime during the 1st millennium AD. Since the Saxon times the English have bred pigs domestically as a source of bacon and breeding pigs was traditionally a seasonal affair. Each family had their own secret recipe for curing and smoking bacon and in the cities they bought bacon from
1973:
Northern
Ireland's culinary heritage has its roots in the staple diet of generations of farming families—bread and potatoes. Historically, limited availability of ingredients and low levels of immigration resulted in restricted variety and relative isolation from wider international culinary
8532:
3184:
Robertson, Debora (3 September 2022). "Sorry, France, but
British cuisine has taken the shine off your Michelin stars; French exchange The home of gastronomy is no longer all it's cracked up to be, says Debora Robertson, while the UK has undergone something of a culinary revolution".
1824:, Roux emphasized the importance of making bread with simple, natural ingredients and the benefits of supporting local, independent bakeries. He hopes that public awareness and consumer choices will help preserve this valuable culinary heritage.
1703:
and Asian cuisines. In the 1990s and early 2000s, a form of "virtuous eclecticism" emerged in discourse around
British cuisine, arguing that British cuisine can be distinguished by its apparently unique ability to draw from other cultures.
1875:
are thicker and sweeter than their Indian counterparts. Furthermore, curry sauces in
Britain are interchangeable between meats, while in India different meats have non-interchangeable sauces. A key ingredient to a British curry is
8838:
1819:
In recent years, there has been a growing movement to revive traditional
British bread-making. Chef Michel Roux Jr. highlighted the decline of artisanal baking in the UK and the need to return to traditional methods. In a
1367:
after 1492, and spicy curry sauces from India in the 18th and 19th centuries. Many vegetables seen today in British cuisine such as cabbage, peas, and cherries, were also brought as crops by the Romans.
1691:
From the 1970s, the availability and range of good quality fresh products increased, and the British population became more willing to vary its diet. Modern British cooking draws on influences from
8006:
1864:
was ranked number 1 in "The Most Popular British Dishes (Q3 2023)" by YouGov polls. With an 87% popularity rate, it is the national dish of the U.K. which is currently voted as most popular.
8088:
7808:
1849:, which over 85% of Brits say they like, closely followed by Sunday roasts and fish and chips. The least popular was jellied eels, which only 6% of those who had tried it liked. Scones and
1509:
Bread and butter became common fare among the middle class and the English, in particular, gained a reputation for their liberal use of melted butter as a sauce with meat and vegetables.
2255:
3900:
2295:
Craig-Atkins, Elizabeth; Jervis, Ben; Cramp, Lucy; Hammann, Simon; Nederbragt, Alexandra J.; Nicholson, Elizabeth; Taylor, Allie Rae; Whelton, Helen; Madgwick, Richard (6 July 2020).
1452:’s first attempt to invade Britain in 55 BC, when he found the native Celts fermenting crabapples. He took the discovery back through continental Europe with his retreating troops.
1623:
called the food of the 1950s "intolerable" due to a shortage of real ingredients such as butter, cream or meat. A hunger for cooking from abroad was satisfied by writers such as
1593:, bacon was generally produced on local farms and in domestic kitchens. The world's first commercial bacon processing plant was opened in Wiltshire in the 1770s by John Harris.
1771:, a mildly spiced dish in a creamy sauce, was acclaimed "a true British national dish" as "a perfect illustration of the way Britain absorbs and adapts external influences".
9013:
2479:
6925:
1871:, which comprises 15 per cent of orders in British Indian restaurants, was called "a true British national dish" by the Foreign Secretary Robin Cook in 2001. Generally,
1321:, historically, British cuisine meant "unfussy dishes made with quality local ingredients, matched with simple sauces to accentuate flavour, rather than disguise it".
7871:
7846:
7559:
7828:
7112:
377:
7876:
4289:
2634:"McGee, Harold (2004). On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. New York City: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-80001-1. LCCN 2004058999. OCLC 56590708"
1285:
392:
1506:
butchers who also had their own secret recipe, if you lived in London you had access to a wide range of bacon brought in from different parts of Great Britain.
7904:
7127:
3225:
8395:
8360:
8350:
7599:
1586:
The world’s first sweet tasting pea was developed in the 18th century by amateur plant breeder Thomas Edward Knight of Downton, near Salisbury, England.
8853:
8405:
7926:
7117:
1144:
3259:
2566:
1583:, rose to prominence in the Victorian era; while they have a status in British culture, they are not necessarily a large part of many people's diets.
8753:
8068:
7861:
7617:
1902:
has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from
8355:
7916:
1636:
By the 1960s, foreign holidays, and foreign-style restaurants in Britain, widened the popularity of foreign cuisine. This movement was assisted by
2687:
1767:
Curry became popular in Britain by the 1970s, when some restaurants that originally catered mainly to Indians found their clientele diversifying.
8345:
7773:
7511:
6918:
2633:
1974:
influences. The 21st century has seen significant changes in local cuisine, characterised by an increase in the variety, quantity and quality of
8641:
8452:
7968:
7075:
3840:
8417:
8063:
7841:
3897:
3863:
9277:
8748:
8527:
8131:
3734:
1922:
932:
3883:
3346:
2539:
1419:
in Somerset. Modern British cuisine is influenced by other cuisines and has in turn influenced the cuisines of cultures around the world.
8693:
8504:
7305:
7300:
7295:
6552:
1278:
3447:
387:
8703:
8646:
8178:
8121:
7740:
6911:
6678:
9042:
7936:
4614:
289:
8688:
8547:
8499:
3931:
1084:
5814:
2724:
1785:, has claimed that the 21st century has seen 'a revolution in British dining, fine and otherwise' and now rivals that of France.
8269:
8078:
7909:
4815:
4584:
4258:
2122:
3103:
2768:
9030:
8604:
8333:
8301:
8141:
8126:
8116:
7941:
7931:
7921:
7894:
7516:
3874:
2415:
1271:
17:
3519:
2523:
8723:
8296:
7549:
6632:
4609:
3790:
3759:
3715:
3691:
3484:
2891:
2671:
2373:
1833:
Another draws on popular, common products to produce a form of historical continuity between historical and modern cuisines.
1198:
853:
713:
348:
3852:
2843:
Broomfield, Andrea (2007). "Food and cooking in Victorian England: a history". pp. 149–150. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007
8590:
8412:
8073:
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6882:
3497:
2504:
2000:
Scottish cuisine has closer links to Scandinavia and France than English cuisine has. Traditional Scottish dishes include
8763:
8708:
8651:
8570:
8514:
8482:
8316:
8001:
7766:
7589:
7277:
413:
191:
47:
3422:
1867:
Curries are a large part of British cuisine, with cooks in the United Kingdom creating curries distinct to the country.
8738:
8718:
8661:
8626:
8274:
8242:
8206:
7334:
7273:
6250:
4365:
3957:
3659:
2752:
1712:
construct a national cuisine for the tourist industry. This new style of cooking focused on the garden and vegetables.
1423:
1193:
980:
823:
2137:
8733:
8631:
8286:
8279:
8146:
8111:
8096:
7996:
7526:
6934:
6352:
186:
181:
8818:
8370:
8328:
8252:
8247:
8151:
8029:
7649:
7257:
7252:
7070:
6642:
4442:
4430:
2235:
1349:
1119:
1042:
975:
904:
828:
8881:
8698:
8636:
8562:
8257:
8106:
8053:
8016:
7981:
7955:
7856:
7242:
7177:
7097:
3054:
Roy, Modhumita (7 August 2010). "Some Like It Hot: Class, Gender and Empire in the Making of Mulligatawny Soup".
1616:
625:
544:
216:
7001:
3292:
3156:
1821:
8828:
8616:
8542:
8437:
8390:
8306:
8226:
8186:
7976:
7759:
7666:
7584:
7092:
4701:
4136:
1788:
A 2021 survey, by Mortar Research, showed many people claim never to have eaten traditional favourites such as
922:
848:
838:
815:
629:
3018:
1779:
Culinary standards and preferences have continued to evolve in the 21st century. Debora Robertson, writing in
9270:
9037:
8843:
8773:
8743:
8713:
8678:
8580:
8552:
8470:
8378:
8262:
8041:
7791:
7622:
7577:
7085:
6945:
6527:
6512:
5078:
2240:
1986:
restaurants in Northern Ireland, all of which specialise in traditional dishes made using local ingredients.
1203:
1180:
843:
335:
315:
282:
3890:– Explore a century of revolutionary change in UK food culture on the British Library's Food Stories website
9156:
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8683:
8656:
8509:
8494:
8191:
8166:
8101:
7991:
7572:
7539:
7413:
7396:
6532:
6418:
4964:
3924:
2179:
The UK has had availability of a large variety of foreign cuisines since the post-war period. In 1970, the
1629:
1479:
1047:
221:
1301:
is the specific set of cooking traditions and practices associated with the United Kingdom, including the
9047:
9025:
8993:
8988:
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8911:
8833:
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8758:
8621:
8585:
8383:
8161:
7800:
7627:
7361:
7122:
6726:
6562:
6547:
6484:
6382:
6013:
3670:
1872:
1615:
During the World Wars of the 20th century difficulties of food supply were countered by measures such as
1061:
1037:
1029:
985:
951:
833:
9107:
9008:
8848:
7609:
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7052:
6627:
6537:
6176:
6146:
4934:
4176:
3668:
Collins, E. J. T. (1975) "Dietary change and cereal consumption in Britain in the nineteenth century."
2691:
1707:
Furthermore, from the 1970s there was an increased push to recognise a distinctly British cuisine. The
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110:
3371:
9243:
9003:
8808:
8781:
8291:
8171:
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6156:
5702:
4599:
4489:
3705:
3128:
2663:
1015:
995:
927:
867:
484:
3735:
How many calories? Food availability in England and Wales in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
2297:"The dietary impact of the Norman Conquest: A multiproxy archaeological investigation of Oxford, UK"
2183:
stated: "London now has a richer variety of restaurants than any other city on Earth". In 1995, the
1344:
developed meat and savoury herb stewing techniques before the practice became common in Europe. The
9314:
9141:
8671:
8311:
8058:
7521:
7423:
6862:
6622:
6577:
6492:
6327:
6305:
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6265:
6233:
6166:
6161:
6141:
5073:
4484:
4479:
4403:
3948:
2250:
2103:
1602:
761:
275:
125:
115:
2712:
Lee, J.R. "Philippine Sugar and Environment", Trade Environment Database (TED) Case Studies, 1997
2593:"Moveable Feast; British cuisine has admittedly had its indifferent times but these are history".
9286:
9199:
9020:
8955:
8666:
8323:
7544:
7379:
7371:
6736:
6440:
6300:
6285:
6275:
6151:
6099:
6053:
5090:
4746:
4726:
4410:
4279:
4156:
3917:
3726:
3701:
3683:
3472:
3037:"Sustainable shore - October recipe - Year of Food and Drink 2015 - National Library of Scotland"
2798:
2230:
1114:
746:
306:
206:
176:
140:
1607:
1560:. Developments in plant breeding greatly increased the number of fruit and vegetable varieties.
9136:
8201:
7722:
7564:
7554:
7477:
7384:
7326:
7287:
7227:
6976:
6557:
6408:
6295:
6208:
5839:
5021:
4741:
4589:
4519:
4509:
4462:
4425:
4420:
4358:
4284:
4226:
3880:
2543:
2260:
2245:
2001:
1968:
1700:
1314:
1109:
796:
694:
237:
94:
3321:
3104:""Going for an Indian": South Asian Restaurants and the Limits of Multiculturalism in Britain"
3081:
1552:. The growth in worldwide trade brought foods and beverages from the Old World too, including
9291:
9131:
9087:
8950:
8536:
7339:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7132:
6507:
6497:
6413:
6310:
6198:
5864:
5819:
5535:
5525:
5389:
5255:
5190:
5150:
4944:
4514:
4447:
3202:
2881:
2208:
1956:
1708:
1692:
1649:
1590:
1404:
1259:
1154:
960:
801:
786:
781:
642:
611:
254:
201:
130:
5612:
5016:
4166:
2611:
2363:
1748:
with strong spices and herbs. Traditional British cuisine was modified with the addition of
9151:
9092:
9057:
8945:
8918:
8429:
7441:
7433:
7182:
6991:
6695:
6690:
6673:
6592:
6435:
6362:
6243:
6238:
6223:
6171:
5909:
5799:
5473:
5468:
5260:
4736:
4604:
4398:
4317:
2308:
1868:
1768:
1734:
1721:
1408:
1074:
791:
699:
637:
606:
584:
500:
196:
156:
8:
9228:
9146:
9124:
9119:
9102:
9097:
9075:
8965:
8923:
7594:
7418:
7222:
7217:
6892:
5941:
5844:
5834:
5809:
5692:
5652:
5622:
5592:
5587:
5409:
5399:
4994:
4917:
4793:
4661:
4651:
4594:
4457:
4300:
4191:
4171:
4126:
3610:
3187:
2063:
1854:
1781:
1497:
of England in 1066, British food mostly consisted of vegetables, cereals and mutton. The
1341:
1099:
1069:
917:
751:
6868:
2312:
9223:
9179:
8960:
8938:
8933:
8901:
8813:
7986:
7690:
7232:
6705:
6572:
6452:
6068:
6048:
6043:
5931:
5899:
5874:
5824:
5804:
5752:
5722:
5707:
5697:
5657:
5632:
5565:
5540:
5530:
5510:
5394:
5379:
5369:
5267:
5225:
5200:
5175:
5130:
5085:
5011:
4949:
4924:
4721:
4671:
4641:
4579:
4569:
4564:
4131:
4070:
4050:
4045:
3063:
2984:
2728:
2339:
2296:
1633:, stipulating ingredients which were then often impossible to find in most of Britain.
1533:
1512:
The Norman conquest reintroduced spices and continental influences in the Middle Ages;
1364:
1160:
1094:
1089:
990:
965:
912:
161:
2776:
2187:
argued that the fusion of national cuisines "could only happen here", as Britain is a
1340:. Wine and words such as beef and mutton were brought to Britain by the Normans while
9238:
9184:
8786:
7408:
7237:
6784:
6658:
6522:
6423:
6387:
6357:
6106:
6038:
6028:
6023:
5976:
5971:
5961:
5924:
5854:
5767:
5687:
5677:
5617:
5597:
5572:
5555:
5448:
5419:
5337:
5332:
5322:
5297:
5245:
5230:
5180:
5115:
5110:
5095:
4979:
4882:
4877:
4845:
4840:
4808:
4788:
4783:
4773:
4768:
4711:
4691:
4666:
4631:
4574:
4452:
4415:
4351:
4211:
4181:
4146:
4085:
4025:
3975:
3786:
3755:
3711:
3687:
3655:
3564:
3480:
3267:
3233:
2988:
2976:
2887:
2667:
2369:
2344:
2326:
2110:
2091:
1983:
1846:
1805:
1761:
1575:
for dessert, was a 19th-century innovation. Other traditional British dishes, like
1572:
1416:
1388:
1228:
1214:
1149:
1079:
1005:
970:
721:
211:
171:
6903:
3640:
England eats out: a social history of eating out in England from 1830 to the present
2419:
2389:
2040:
are distinctively different from that of mainland Scotland. The nation is known for
1448:
is an ancient British beverage. The first recorded reference to cider dates back to
9233:
9216:
9211:
9194:
9174:
8980:
7833:
7604:
7451:
7403:
7354:
7102:
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6808:
6791:
6721:
6700:
6607:
6567:
6469:
6430:
6403:
6337:
6322:
6213:
6111:
6008:
5993:
5988:
5936:
5919:
5914:
5894:
5884:
5879:
5732:
5712:
5667:
5662:
5647:
5637:
5627:
5607:
5550:
5545:
5515:
5505:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5414:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5277:
5272:
5195:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5135:
5105:
5068:
5053:
5043:
5033:
4989:
4974:
4969:
4954:
4929:
4887:
4855:
4850:
4798:
4763:
4751:
4706:
4696:
4681:
4656:
4646:
4636:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4536:
4496:
4469:
4393:
4322:
4231:
4161:
4141:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4075:
4000:
3980:
3965:
3940:
3818:
3036:
2968:
2520:
2334:
2316:
1995:
1789:
1669:
1568:
1483:
1384:
1329:
1306:
1104:
1000:
679:
601:
562:
525:
429:
382:
120:
84:
3396:
2160:
1234:
8906:
8487:
8447:
7349:
7344:
7137:
7026:
7021:
6612:
6602:
6582:
6474:
6347:
6317:
6136:
6116:
6063:
6018:
6003:
5998:
5946:
5904:
5869:
5829:
5794:
5757:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5642:
5602:
5582:
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5500:
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5384:
5374:
5364:
5359:
5344:
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5220:
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5038:
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5001:
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4912:
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4055:
4040:
4035:
4005:
3985:
3970:
3904:
3887:
3749:
3745:
3633:
Plenty and want: a social history of diet in England from 1815 to the present day
2756:
2571:
2527:
2321:
2067:
2059:
1942:
1899:
1894:
1696:
1677:
1624:
1494:
1345:
1302:
689:
674:
652:
647:
591:
572:
557:
552:
444:
135:
79:
6872:
6372:
8519:
8400:
8338:
7899:
7782:
7709:
7267:
7080:
7011:
6981:
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6731:
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6597:
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6126:
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6058:
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5849:
5782:
5727:
5717:
5672:
5577:
5520:
5490:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5327:
5292:
5282:
5235:
5185:
5145:
5125:
5120:
5063:
5048:
5006:
4984:
4907:
4870:
4544:
4504:
4474:
4332:
4269:
4151:
4080:
4065:
4015:
4010:
3995:
3778:
3293:"BBC - BBC Food blog: Great British Food Revival: The lost art of bread-making"
2129:
1946:
1915:
1861:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1673:
1637:
1580:
1576:
1513:
1412:
1380:
1372:
1325:
1010:
937:
596:
579:
459:
439:
434:
365:
36:
2956:
9308:
8575:
8136:
8034:
8024:
7823:
7818:
7716:
7446:
7042:
6971:
6764:
6685:
6617:
6517:
6342:
6332:
6260:
6131:
6033:
5966:
5951:
5787:
5777:
5772:
5682:
5404:
5354:
5349:
5287:
5240:
5058:
4939:
4902:
4892:
4756:
4686:
4619:
4531:
4437:
4236:
4201:
4060:
4030:
4020:
3990:
3893:
3859:
3624:
3568:
3271:
3237:
2980:
2972:
2330:
2075:
2053:
2041:
1951:
1903:
1801:
1665:
1645:
1641:
1564:
1455:
1449:
1333:
1324:
International recognition of British cuisine was historically limited to the
1318:
1310:
771:
736:
684:
567:
520:
515:
510:
495:
490:
372:
360:
324:
89:
2749:
2365:
Words to Eat By: Five Foods and the Culinary History of the English Language
8442:
7813:
7661:
7187:
7107:
6842:
6779:
6587:
6094:
6089:
5983:
5762:
5302:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5155:
4327:
3133:
2348:
2029:
2009:
1919:
1877:
1793:
1685:
1681:
1498:
1487:
1376:
1124:
880:
505:
466:
449:
343:
166:
52:
32:
7751:
3870:
3724:
Green, Kate & Bryan, Melanie (2020) "Around Britain in 50 Foods"; in:
3448:"The Indian curry is merely a figment of the British colonial imagination"
2713:
2441:
8928:
8858:
7697:
7683:
7262:
7192:
6950:
6830:
6462:
6255:
5495:
2222:
2188:
2013:
1979:
1850:
1837:
rationing. A lot of myths about British food originate from this period.
1661:
1657:
1653:
1360:
1336:
and animal breeding produced a wide variety of foodstuffs for indigenous
875:
756:
731:
530:
471:
353:
265:
7456:
3226:"No meat please, we're British: now a third of us approve of vegan diet"
3067:
7207:
7006:
3822:
3652:
The Hungry Empire: How Britain's Quest for Food Shaped the Modern World
3260:"UK meat consumption at lowest level since records began, data reveals"
2087:
2083:
2079:
1975:
1797:
1517:
1239:
1166:
776:
3751:
Food in England: A complete guide to the food that makes us who we are
3622:
Burnett, John. "Plenty and Want: The Social History of English Diet",
1845:
According to a survey by YouGov, the most popular British food is the
1359:
in Roman times, and rice, sugar, oranges, and spices from Asia in the
9206:
9114:
7212:
7197:
7016:
6996:
6663:
6084:
3643:
2021:
1549:
1471:
1400:
1221:
1208:
890:
885:
3813:
Otter, Chris. "The British Nutrition Transition and its Histories",
3605:
Addyman, Mary; Wood, Laura; Yiannitsaros, Christopher (eds). (2017)
3557:
Davidson comments that the best starting point is the classic book:
2256:
List of United Kingdom food and drink products with protected status
9067:
7654:
7391:
6986:
6754:
3909:
2191:
without as distinct of a national cuisine as other such countries.
2148:
2037:
2025:
1938:
1934:
1757:
1730:
1442:
from mixed cereal grains was first made around 3700 BC in Britain.
726:
40:
2567:"Veni, vidi, viticulture - remains of Roman vineyards found in UK"
1536:
led to the arrival in Europe of many new foods, including refined
1466:, herbs and spices from further south in the Roman empire such as
8893:
7247:
7202:
6759:
6457:
6377:
4374:
3847:
2925:
1926:
1459:
1356:
766:
741:
1955:, contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of
9189:
3835:
2152:
2144:
2114:
2033:
2017:
1930:
1812:
1567:
was introduced to Britain in the 16th century, but its use for
1557:
1545:
1541:
1521:
1467:
1463:
1392:
397:
56:
3585:
3583:
3541:
3539:
3537:
2907:
2294:
9166:
6769:
6191:
2725:"Stolarczyk, J. "Carrot History Part Two – A.D. 200 to date""
2480:"The secret life of the sausage: A great British institution"
2005:
1949:
have ancient origins. The 14th-century English cookbook, the
1911:
1907:
1537:
1502:
1445:
1439:
1396:
1337:
424:
6825:
3000:
2998:
2869:(New ed.). Ward, Lock & Co. 1922. pp. 355–358.
2442:"History of Cider | WSU Cider | Washington State University"
2216:
260:
7703:
6803:
6774:
6447:
4343:
3580:
3534:
2167:
2071:
1753:
1726:
1532:
With the Western exploration of the New World in 1492, the
1475:
3733:
Harris, Bernard; Floud, Roderick; Hong, Sok Chul. (2015) "
7560:
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences
6796:
3161:
2995:
2799:""Coffee in Europe", The Roast & Post Coffee Company"
1553:
7113:
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
2660:
British Food: An Extraordinary Thousand Years of History
2282:
British Food: An Extraordinary Thousand Years of History
1808:, and a minority did not believe these dishes existed.
1627:, who from 1950 produced evocative books, starting with
3607:
Food, Drink, and the Written Word in Britain, 1820–1945
3258:
Goodier, Michael; Sunnemark, Viktor (24 October 2023).
2846:
2825:
2813:
2390:"Sandwich celebrates 250th anniversary of the sandwich"
2058:
Welsh cuisine in the Middle Ages was limited in range;
2459:
6933:
3074:
1355:
New foodstuffs have arrived over the millennia, from
2198:
8880:
7600:
Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland
3203:"Are we losing our love of classic British dishes?"
1422:The sandwich is named after its supposed inventor,
7118:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
3195:
2416:""Bread in Antiquity", Bakers' Federation website"
3397:"Britain's favourite dish - let's go for a curry"
9306:
3257:
2521:"Chives", Steenbergs Organic Pepper & Spice
1527:
7076:Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board
3700:
3157:"Chicken tikka masala: Spice and easy does it"
3121:
2931:
2688:""Food History Timeline", BBC/Open University"
7767:
6919:
4359:
3925:
3016:
2471:
1640:– on television and in their books – such as
1279:
283:
7512:National Farmers' Union of England and Wales
2542:. Thebestpossibletaste.co.uk. Archived from
1853:are the most popular sweet foods, while the
933:Literature in the other languages of Britain
7781:
3372:"The most popular British dishes in the UK"
3347:"Classic British cuisine ranked by Britons"
2284:. New York City: Columbia University Press.
1611:Shepherds's pie, a traditional British dish
7774:
7760:
6926:
6912:
4366:
4352:
3932:
3918:
3649:
3129:"Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech"
2873:
2032:. The cuisines of the northern islands of
1286:
1272:
290:
276:
7153:Scottish Government Net Zero Directorates
3801:The Culture of Food in England, 1200–1500
3183:
2558:
2418:. Bakersfederation.org.uk. Archived from
2361:
2338:
2320:
2174:
1458:, further foods were introduced, such as
1363:, to New World beans and potatoes in the
27:Culinary traditions of the United Kingdom
3677:
3589:
3574:
3545:
2831:
2819:
2680:
2465:
1725:
1606:
1603:English cuisine § Twentieth century
1493:After the Roman period and prior to the
46:
31:
3768:
3744:
3558:
3019:"How TV concocted a recipe for success"
2858:
2657:
2651:
2505:archive Unearthing the ancestral rabbit
2477:
2279:
1715:
14:
9307:
7325:
3864:Cookbook:Cuisine of the United Kingdom
3777:
3618:Cooking and Dining in Medieval England
3223:
3149:
3004:
2879:
2852:
2540:""Coriander", The Best Possible Taste"
8879:
7755:
7550:Country Land and Business Association
7499:
6907:
6553:Historical North Indian and Pakistani
4347:
3913:
3420:
3315:
3313:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2606:
2604:
6858:
3939:
3423:"Sweet and murky: the British curry"
3101:
2886:. Psychology Press. pp. 77–83.
2564:
1941:, boiled vegetables and broths, and
1883:
1880:, a "British concoction" of spices.
1740:In the 18th and 19th centuries, the
7590:Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre
7517:National Farmers' Union of Scotland
6878:
3730:; 12 February 2020, pp. 36–41.
3628:(April 1964) 14.3 pp. 223–233.
3053:
2837:
2478:Hickman, Martin (30 October 2006).
2408:
1371:Traditional British dishes include
24:
3599:
3319:
3310:
3224:Tapper, James (25 December 2021).
2937:
2690:. 18 November 2004. Archived from
2601:
2098:Example dishes of the four nations
1925:. Some traditional meals, such as
1827:
1516:arrived in the late 13th century,
1424:John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich
981:Baroque music of the British Isles
25:
9326:
6935:Agriculture in the United Kingdom
3828:
3807:
3017:Pile, Stephen (16 October 2006).
2511:, Issue 86, January/February 2006
1962:
1840:
7736:
7735:
7258:Scottish Agricultural Revolution
7253:Rural Reconstruction Association
7071:Agricultural Land Classification
6887:
6877:
6867:
6857:
6848:
6847:
6836:
6824:
3869:
3858:
3846:
3834:
3817:10#11 (2012): pp. 812–825,
2565:Keys, David (16 November 1999).
2236:Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies
2215:
2201:
2159:
2136:
2121:
2102:
1746:India's elaborate food tradition
1350:Great Britain in the Middle Ages
1253:
976:Early music of the British Isles
393:Post-war period (social history)
323:
259:
248:
8882:Countries of the United Kingdom
7982:Countries of the United Kingdom
7098:British Cattle Movement Service
6888:
3898:"In Defence of English Cooking"
3551:
3512:
3490:
3466:
3440:
3414:
3389:
3364:
3339:
3285:
3251:
3217:
3177:
3095:
3047:
3029:
3010:
2900:
2791:
2761:
2743:
2717:
2706:
2626:
2586:
2532:
2514:
1774:
1752:spices and ingredients such as
1596:
1391:. Traditional desserts include
7977:Counties of the United Kingdom
7585:National Non-Food Crops Centre
7527:Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster
7093:Animal and Plant Health Agency
6543:Historical Indian subcontinent
3875:Cuisine of Britain and Ireland
3421:Anand, Anjum (21 April 2010).
3322:"Why British food is terrible"
2865:"Meals and Menus. Breakfast".
2750:Forbes, K.A. "Bermuda's Flora"
2727:. 3 March 2005. Archived from
2497:
2434:
2382:
2362:Lipkowitz, Ina (5 July 2011).
2355:
2288:
2273:
1348:introduced exotic spices into
923:Literature of Northern Ireland
653:Ireland & Northern Ireland
13:
1:
7623:Royal Agricultural University
7578:National Museum of Rural Life
7086:Meat and Livestock Commission
7002:MĂĽller Milk & Ingredients
6946:Economy of the United Kingdom
3841:Cuisine of the United Kingdom
3739:Research in Economic History.
3522:. discovernorthernireland.com
3205:. BBC Food. 29 September 2021
3056:Economic and Political Weekly
2266:
2241:Culture of the United Kingdom
1482:in vineyards as far north as
1434:
1415:originated in the village of
316:Culture of the United Kingdom
8749:Universal basic income (UBI)
7573:Museum of English Rural Life
7540:British Egg Industry Council
7397:Scottish Crofting Foundation
4373:
3877:travel guide from Wikivoyage
3680:The Oxford Companion to Food
3520:"Michelin-rated restaurants"
2322:10.1371/journal.pone.0235005
1982:. There are currently three
1933:, roasted and stewed meats,
1630:A Book of Mediterranean Food
1528:Early modern to 19th century
1085:Football in Northern Ireland
700:Anglo-Indian and South Asian
7:
8754:Water supply and sanitation
8453:Weapons of mass destruction
8438:His Majesty's Naval Service
7123:Institute for Animal Health
6727:List of historical cuisines
6563:History of alcoholic drinks
4580:Lowcountry (South Carolina)
3671:Agricultural History Review
3559:McNeill, F. Marian (1929).
2961:Food, Culture & Society
2957:"Imagining British Cuisine"
2775:. Bbc.co.uk. Archived from
2614:. English Breakfast Society
2194:
1989:
1317:. According to food writer
986:Early British popular music
10:
9331:
8849:Stereotypes of the British
7614:Universities and colleges
7610:Tenant Farmers Association
7053:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
6014:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
3682:(Third ed.). Oxford:
3650:Collingham, Lizzy (2018).
3487:. Pages 46, 52-53, 363-365
2597:. 7 July 2022. p. 25.
2051:
1993:
1966:
1892:
1888:
1756:, creating dishes such as
1744:began to be influenced by
1719:
1600:
1429:
9264:
9165:
9066:
9014:First Minister and deputy
8979:
8892:
8888:
8875:
8871:
8772:
8612:
8603:
8561:
8478:
8469:
8428:
8369:
8238:
8234:
8225:
8087:
8015:
7967:
7963:
7954:
7887:
7799:
7790:
7731:
7675:
7642:
7535:
7490:
7470:
7432:
7424:Scotland Food & Drink
7370:
7318:
7286:
7173:
7166:
7143:Rights of way in Scotland
7061:
7035:
6959:
6941:
6819:
6747:
6714:
6651:
6483:
6396:
6077:
4530:
4381:
4298:
4256:
4104:
3956:
3947:
3707:A History of English Food
3477:A History of English Food
2955:Warde, Alan (June 2009).
2883:Food and Cultural Studies
2867:Mrs Beeton's Cookery Book
2664:Columbia University Press
1260:United Kingdom portal
1016:Music of Northern Ireland
996:Music in Medieval England
928:Welsh-language literature
255:United Kingdom portal
8642:Environmental inequality
7628:Scotland's Rural College
6633:Scottish royal household
6578:History of vegetarianism
4816:Central African Republic
3702:Dickson Wright, Clarissa
3678:Davidson, Alan (2014) .
3498:"Downtown Radio website"
3479:. London: Random House.
3473:Dickson Wright, Clarissa
2973:10.2752/175174409x400710
2526:11 December 2007 at the
2251:List of British desserts
2047:
762:Late Summer Bank Holiday
222:Turks and Caicos Islands
7545:British Poultry Council
7507:Farmers' Union of Wales
7335:Agriculture in Cheshire
7178:Agricultural Revolution
3769:Lehmann, Gilly (2003).
3684:Oxford University Press
3082:"Cooking under the Raj"
2658:Spencer, Colin (2003).
2280:Spencer, Colin (2003).
2231:Channel Islands cuisine
1914:during the time of the
521:Romani people (Gypsies)
177:British Chinese cuisine
149:Overseas/Fusion cuisine
8528:Science and technology
7565:James Hutton Institute
7555:Fresh Start Initiative
7228:Highland Potato Famine
6558:History of agriculture
4137:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3851:Quotations related to
3803:Yale University Press.
3799:Woolgar. C. N. (2016)
3674:23.2, pp. 97–115.
3638:Burnett, John. (2016)
3631:Burnett, John. (1979)
2261:List of English dishes
2246:List of British breads
2175:International cuisines
1969:Northern Irish cuisine
1862:Full English Breakfast
1857:is the least popular.
1737:
1699:), and more recently,
1612:
182:British Virgin Islands
59:
44:
18:Modern British cuisine
8505:Free trade agreements
7522:Ulster Farmers' Union
7340:Agriculture in London
7158:Single Payment Scheme
7148:Rural Payments Agency
7133:Quality Meat Scotland
6528:Early modern European
6256:Indigenous Australian
5815:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
4702:Bosnian-Herzegovinian
3886:10 April 2021 at the
3771:The British Housewife
3563:. Blackie & Son.
3191:. London. p. 17.
3102:Buettner, Elizabeth.
2209:United Kingdom portal
2070:, and dishes such as
1729:
1709:English Tourist Board
1610:
1601:Further information:
1591:Industrial Revolution
1524:in the 15th century.
1405:sticky toffee pudding
1155:Palace of Westminster
961:British popular music
612:British Sign Language
50:
43:of the United Kingdom
35:
8854:World Heritage Sites
8647:Environmental issues
8351:Female party leaders
7992:Overseas territories
7272:Women's Land Army -
7183:British timber trade
6992:Frontier Agriculture
6691:Molecular gastronomy
6623:Pre-contact Hawaiian
6533:Historical Argentine
6419:Mangalorean Catholic
4600:Pacific Northwestern
3843:at Wikimedia Commons
3611:Taylor & Francis
2880:Ashley, Bob (2004).
2755:3 April 2007 at the
1869:Chicken tikka masala
1769:Chicken tikka masala
1722:Anglo-Indian cuisine
1716:Anglo-Indian cuisine
1409:Victoria sponge cake
1145:World Heritage Sites
1075:Football in Scotland
7595:Rothamsted Research
7419:Royal Highland Show
7319:Nations and regions
7223:Highland Clearances
7218:Haughley Experiment
6548:Historical Japanese
6383:Transylvanian Saxon
6251:Indigenous American
4259:States with limited
4031:Republic of Ireland
3903:1 July 2015 at the
3741:. pp. 111–191.
3592:, pp. 858–859.
3548:, pp. 724–725.
3188:The Daily Telegraph
3023:The Daily Telegraph
3007:, pp. 191–195.
2934:, pp. 417–424.
2932:Dickson Wright 2011
2769:"Dunlop, F. "Tea",
2694:on 18 November 2004
2546:on 13 December 2010
2509:British Archaeology
2313:2020PLoSO..1535005C
1918:and as a result of
1855:Deep-fried Mars bar
1782:The Daily Telegraph
1480:produced in Britain
1342:Anglo-Saxon England
1303:cuisines of England
1100:Cricket in Scotland
1070:Football in England
954:and performing arts
918:Scottish literature
797:Saint Patrick's Day
752:Spring Bank Holiday
8548:Telecommunications
8500:Economic geography
8356:Political scandals
7987:Crown Dependencies
7233:Lowland Clearances
6628:Korean royal court
6573:History of seafood
6538:Historical Chinese
6513:Antebellum America
6353:Pennsylvania Dutch
4965:Equatorial Guinean
4935:Dominican Republic
3823:10.1111/hic3.12001
3785:. Reaktion Books.
3783:Spicing Up Britain
3616:Brears, P. (2008)
3577:, pp. 724–725
3137:. 25 February 2002
3109:. southalabama.edu
2801:. Realcoffee.co.uk
2612:"History Of Bacon"
1738:
1613:
1534:Columbian exchange
1365:Columbian exchange
1334:Celtic agriculture
1161:Angel of the North
1095:Cricket in Ireland
1090:Cricket in England
991:English folk music
966:British rock music
913:English literature
787:Saint Andrew's Day
782:Saint George's Day
478:Modern ethnicities
60:
45:
9300:
9299:
9260:
9259:
9256:
9255:
9252:
9251:
8867:
8866:
8599:
8598:
8465:
8464:
8461:
8460:
8346:Political parties
8270:Foreign relations
8221:
8220:
8217:
8216:
7950:
7949:
7927:Mass surveillance
7905:Foreign relations
7838:Second World War
7749:
7748:
7638:
7637:
7486:
7485:
7314:
7313:
7238:Napier Commission
6901:
6900:
6643:Thirteen Colonies
6503:Ancient Israelite
5703:Papua New Guinean
4501:Intercontinental
4341:
4340:
4305:other territories
4252:
4251:
3839:Media related to
3792:978-1-86189-658-2
3773:. Prospect Books.
3761:978-0-74994-215-1
3717:978-1-905-21185-2
3693:978-0-19967-733-7
3561:The Scots Kitchen
3485:978-1-905-21185-2
3320:McCrea, Aisling.
2893:978-0-415-27038-0
2855:, pp. 16–17.
2779:on 31 August 2009
2673:978-0-231-13110-0
2375:978-1-4299-8739-4
2092:Glamorgan sausage
1884:National cuisines
1847:Yorkshire pudding
1806:bubble and squeak
1762:mulligatawny soup
1735:Anglo-Indian dish
1695:(especially from
1573:Christmas pudding
1520:in the 14th, and
1296:
1295:
1229:God Save the King
1215:Dieu et mon droit
1150:Buckingham Palace
1080:Football in Wales
1006:Music of Scotland
971:British pop music
792:Saint David's Day
300:
299:
103:Regional cuisines
72:National cuisines
16:(Redirected from
9322:
9280:
9273:
8981:Northern Ireland
8890:
8889:
8877:
8876:
8873:
8872:
8610:
8609:
8523:
8476:
8475:
8334:House of Commons
8302:Local government
8236:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8142:Renewable energy
8127:hydroelectricity
7965:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7797:
7796:
7776:
7769:
7762:
7753:
7752:
7739:
7738:
7605:Soil Association
7497:
7496:
7491:Non-governmental
7471:Northern Ireland
7452:Royal Welsh Show
7323:
7322:
7171:
7170:
7103:The Country Code
7048:Hedgerow removal
6977:Bernard Matthews
6928:
6921:
6914:
6905:
6904:
6891:
6890:
6881:
6880:
6871:
6861:
6860:
6851:
6850:
6843:Drink portal
6841:
6840:
6839:
6829:
6828:
6809:Meal preparation
6722:List of cuisines
6568:History of bread
6493:Ancient Egyptian
6470:Ritual slaughter
6328:Louisiana Creole
6266:Italian American
6085:African American
5074:Greek Macedonian
4368:
4361:
4354:
4345:
4344:
4227:Northern Ireland
3954:
3953:
3949:Sovereign states
3941:European cuisine
3934:
3927:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3873:
3862:
3850:
3838:
3796:
3774:
3765:
3746:Hartley, Dorothy
3721:
3710:. Random House.
3697:
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3549:
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3500:. Downtown Radio
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3401:British Heritage
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2429:
2427:
2422:on 20 April 2010
2412:
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2140:
2125:
2106:
1996:Scottish cuisine
1811:Also in 2021, a
1790:toad in the hole
1670:Ainsley Harriott
1569:Christmas dinner
1484:Northamptonshire
1385:toad in the hole
1330:Christmas dinner
1315:Northern Ireland
1288:
1281:
1274:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1105:Cricket in Wales
1001:English art song
526:Irish Travellers
485:British identity
420:Historic peoples
388:Second World War
373:Edwardian period
361:Victorian period
327:
318:
302:
301:
292:
285:
278:
264:
263:
253:
252:
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217:Pitcairn Islands
192:Falkland Islands
62:
61:
21:
9330:
9329:
9325:
9324:
9323:
9321:
9320:
9319:
9315:British cuisine
9305:
9304:
9301:
9296:
9283:
9276:
9269:
9248:
9161:
9062:
8975:
8884:
8863:
8768:
8724:Public holidays
8704:Life expectancy
8595:
8557:
8537:London Exchange
8533:Stock exchanges
8521:
8520:Pound sterling
8488:Bank of England
8457:
8448:Royal Air Force
8424:
8365:
8297:Law enforcement
8213:
8122:hydraulic frac.
8083:
8064:Lakes and lochs
8011:
8007:Former colonies
7946:
7942:Women's history
7917:Law enforcement
7883:
7829:First World War
7786:
7780:
7750:
7745:
7727:
7691:Clarkson's Farm
7671:
7634:
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7482:
7466:
7428:
7366:
7310:
7282:
7162:
7138:Natural England
7063:
7057:
7031:
7027:Vestey Holdings
7022:Saputo Dairy UK
6955:
6937:
6932:
6902:
6897:
6837:
6835:
6831:Food portal
6823:
6815:
6743:
6710:
6647:
6479:
6392:
6100:Arab-Indonesian
6073:
6054:Western Saharan
5526:Liechtensteiner
5091:Guinea-Bissauan
4727:Channel Islands
4615:Southwestern US
4535:
4526:
4377:
4372:
4342:
4337:
4306:
4304:
4294:
4280:Northern Cyprus
4263:
4260:
4248:
4177:North Macedonia
4100:
3943:
3938:
3905:Wayback Machine
3888:Wayback Machine
3853:British cuisine
3831:
3815:History Compass
3810:
3793:
3779:Panayi, Panikos
3762:
3718:
3694:
3662:
3602:
3600:Further reading
3597:
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3455:
3454:. 16 March 2016
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3196:
3182:
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3165:. 20 April 2001
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2797:
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2767:
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2762:
2757:Wayback Machine
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2731:on 3 March 2005
2723:
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2707:
2697:
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2638:catalog.loc.gov
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2610:
2609:
2602:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2572:The Independent
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2528:Wayback Machine
2519:
2515:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2484:The Independent
2476:
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2307:(7): e0235005.
2293:
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2207:
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2200:
2197:
2185:Good Food Guide
2181:Good Food Guide
2177:
2170:
2164:
2155:
2141:
2132:
2130:soda bread farl
2128:Northern Irish
2126:
2117:
2107:
2060:Gerald of Wales
2056:
2050:
1998:
1992:
1971:
1965:
1900:English cuisine
1897:
1895:English cuisine
1891:
1886:
1873:British curries
1851:Victoria sponge
1843:
1830:
1828:Characteristics
1777:
1724:
1718:
1697:Italian cuisine
1678:Simon Hopkinson
1638:celebrity chefs
1625:Elizabeth David
1621:Good Food Guide
1605:
1599:
1530:
1495:Norman conquest
1437:
1432:
1346:Norman conquest
1299:British cuisine
1292:
1254:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1199:National anthem
1184:
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1021:
1020:
956:
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943:
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895:
871:
870:
859:
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854:Modern Paganism
819:
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806:
717:
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705:
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670:
669:
658:
657:
633:
632:
617:
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592:Scottish Gaelic
548:
547:
536:
535:
417:
416:
405:
404:
383:Interwar period
378:First World War
349:Napoleonic Wars
344:Georgian period
339:
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296:
266:Food portal
258:
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141:Channel Islands
111:Carmarthenshire
66:British cuisine
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9328:
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9236:
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9209:
9204:
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9200:First Minister
9197:
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9154:
9149:
9144:
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9112:
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9108:First Minister
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8591:Rail transport
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8413:Prime Minister
8410:
8409:
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8398:
8393:
8388:
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8373:
8367:
8366:
8364:
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8361:Shadow Cabinet
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8339:House of Lords
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7969:Administrative
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7805:
7803:
7794:
7788:
7787:
7785: articles
7783:United Kingdom
7779:
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7764:
7756:
7747:
7746:
7744:
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7732:
7729:
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7710:Farmers Weekly
7706:
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7288:Foot-and-mouth
7284:
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7268:Victory garden
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7100:
7095:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7083:
7081:Potato Council
7073:
7067:
7065:
7064:and regulation
7059:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7012:Norbrook Group
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6982:Faccenda Foods
6979:
6974:
6969:
6967:ADAS (company)
6963:
6961:
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6956:
6954:
6953:
6948:
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6767:
6762:
6757:
6751:
6749:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6732:Lists of foods
6729:
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6216:
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6209:Greek-American
6206:
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6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
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6103:
6102:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6075:
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6031:
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5986:
5981:
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5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5840:Sierra Leonean
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5791:
5790:
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5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
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5600:
5595:
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5280:
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5253:
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5243:
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5133:
5128:
5118:
5113:
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5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5022:French Guianan
5019:
5014:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
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4927:
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4915:
4905:
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4863:
4858:
4853:
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4823:
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4806:
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4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4742:Northern Irish
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4539:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4520:Middle Eastern
4517:
4512:
4510:Latin American
4507:
4499:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4348:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4217:United Kingdom
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3991:Czech Republic
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3962:
3960:
3958:European Union
3951:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3891:
3878:
3867:
3856:
3844:
3830:
3829:External links
3827:
3826:
3825:
3809:
3808:Historiography
3806:
3805:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3775:
3766:
3760:
3742:
3731:
3722:
3716:
3698:
3692:
3675:
3666:
3661:978-0099586951
3660:
3647:
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3629:
3620:
3614:
3601:
3598:
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3579:
3550:
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3489:
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3309:
3284:
3250:
3216:
3194:
3176:
3148:
3120:
3094:
3073:
3046:
3028:
3009:
2994:
2967:(2): 151–171.
2936:
2924:
2899:
2892:
2872:
2857:
2845:
2836:
2834:, p. 187.
2824:
2822:, p. 836.
2812:
2790:
2760:
2742:
2716:
2705:
2679:
2672:
2650:
2625:
2600:
2585:
2557:
2531:
2513:
2496:
2470:
2468:, p. 717.
2458:
2433:
2407:
2381:
2374:
2354:
2287:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
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2258:
2253:
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2238:
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2227:
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2196:
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2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2142:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2062:, chaplain to
2052:Main article:
2049:
2046:
1994:Main article:
1991:
1988:
1967:Main article:
1964:
1963:Northern Irish
1961:
1947:saltwater fish
1916:British Empire
1893:Main article:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1842:
1841:Popular dishes
1839:
1829:
1826:
1776:
1773:
1742:British Empire
1720:Main article:
1717:
1714:
1701:Middle Eastern
1674:Nigella Lawson
1650:Robert Carrier
1598:
1595:
1581:full breakfast
1577:fish and chips
1529:
1526:
1456:In Roman times
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1413:Cheddar cheese
1389:shepherd's pie
1381:fish and chips
1373:full breakfast
1326:full breakfast
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
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1247:
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1023:
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1019:
1018:
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1011:Music of Wales
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
957:
950:
949:
948:
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944:
941:
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938:British comics
935:
930:
925:
920:
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903:
902:
901:
898:
897:
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888:
883:
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836:
831:
826:
820:
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808:
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804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
722:New Year's Day
718:
712:
711:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
697:
695:Northern Irish
692:
687:
682:
677:
671:
665:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
634:
624:
623:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
588:
587:
577:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
549:
543:
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541:
538:
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534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
475:
474:
469:
464:
463:
462:
457:
455:Northern Irish
452:
447:
442:
432:
427:
418:
412:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
401:
400:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
369:
368:
366:British Empire
358:
357:
356:
354:Regency period
351:
340:
334:
333:
332:
329:
328:
320:
319:
311:
310:
298:
297:
295:
294:
287:
280:
272:
269:
268:
243:
242:
241:
240:
232:
231:
227:
226:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
187:Cayman Islands
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
151:
150:
146:
145:
144:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
105:
104:
100:
99:
98:
97:
95:Northern Irish
92:
87:
82:
74:
73:
69:
68:
41:take-away food
37:Fish and chips
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9327:
9316:
9313:
9312:
9310:
9303:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9279:
9275:
9272:
9268:
9267:
9263:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9201:
9198:
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9188:
9187:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9164:
9158:
9155:
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9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9126:
9123:
9122:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
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9079:
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9065:
9059:
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9051:
9049:
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9044:
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9039:
9036:
9032:
9029:
9028:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9001:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8986:
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8982:
8978:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
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8947:
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8940:
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8935:
8932:
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8925:
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8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8904:
8903:
8900:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8891:
8887:
8883:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
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8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8803:
8800:
8799:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8779:
8777:
8775:
8771:
8765:
8764:Welfare state
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8709:Mental health
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8652:Ethnic groups
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8602:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8576:Bus transport
8574:
8572:
8571:Air transport
8569:
8568:
8566:
8564:
8560:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8538:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8518:
8516:
8515:Manufacturing
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8484:
8481:
8480:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8419:
8416:
8415:
8414:
8411:
8407:
8404:
8403:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8391:Civil service
8389:
8385:
8382:
8381:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8374:
8372:
8368:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8331:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8318:
8317:republicanism
8315:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8281:
8278:
8277:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8264:
8261:
8260:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8240:
8237:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8224:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8137:North Sea oil
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8104:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8086:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8048:
8045:
8044:
8043:
8040:
8036:
8035:Great Britain
8033:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8026:
8025:British Isles
8023:
8022:
8020:
8018:
8014:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7966:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7911:
7908:
7907:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7886:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7867:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7824:Edwardian era
7822:
7820:
7819:Victorian era
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7789:
7784:
7777:
7772:
7770:
7765:
7763:
7758:
7757:
7754:
7742:
7734:
7733:
7730:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7718:
7717:Farming Today
7714:
7712:
7711:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7693:
7692:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7534:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7495:
7493:organisations
7489:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7442:Animal breeds
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7398:
7395:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7386:
7383:
7382:
7381:
7380:Animal breeds
7378:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7363:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7330:
7328:
7324:
7321:
7317:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7165:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7060:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7043:Grazing marsh
7041:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6972:Arla Foods UK
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6936:
6929:
6924:
6922:
6917:
6915:
6910:
6909:
6906:
6894:
6886:
6884:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6864:
6856:
6854:
6846:
6844:
6834:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6821:
6818:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6765:Culinary arts
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6508:Ancient Roman
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6498:Ancient Greek
6496:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6414:Goan Catholic
6412:
6411:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6199:Crimean Tatar
6197:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
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6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5865:South African
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5820:Saudi Arabian
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5536:Luxembourgish
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5256:Uttar Pradesh
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5191:Maharashtrian
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5151:Chhattisgarhi
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4945:East Timorese
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
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4837:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
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4814:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
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4765:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4753:
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4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
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4648:
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4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
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4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4585:Midwestern US
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4515:Mediterranean
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
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4473:
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4468:
4464:
4461:
4459:
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4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4364:
4362:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4313:Faroe Islands
4311:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4285:South Ossetia
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4255:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
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4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
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4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:Liechtenstein
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
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4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3894:George Orwell
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3849:
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3824:
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3812:
3811:
3802:
3798:
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3788:
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3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3743:
3740:
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3732:
3729:
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3723:
3719:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:History Today
3621:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3591:
3590:Davidson 2014
3586:
3584:
3576:
3575:Davidson 2014
3570:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3547:
3546:Davidson 2014
3542:
3540:
3538:
3521:
3515:
3499:
3493:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3314:
3298:
3297:www.bbc.co.uk
3294:
3288:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3204:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3180:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3105:
3098:
3083:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3062:(32): 66–75.
3061:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2990:
2986:
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2913:
2909:
2903:
2895:
2889:
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2884:
2876:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2840:
2833:
2832:Davidson 2014
2828:
2821:
2820:Davidson 2014
2816:
2800:
2794:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2709:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2675:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2589:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2466:Davidson 2014
2462:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2377:
2371:
2368:. Macmillan.
2367:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2213:
2210:
2199:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2076:Welsh rarebit
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2054:Welsh cuisine
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1984:Michelin star
1981:
1977:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1952:Forme of Cury
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:North America
1901:
1896:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1834:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:black pudding
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:Mediterranean
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:Gordon Ramsay
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:Clement Freud
1643:
1642:Fanny Cradock
1639:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:Julius Caesar
1447:
1443:
1441:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1319:Colin Spencer
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
953:
947:
946:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
906:
900:
899:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
869:
863:
862:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
817:
811:
810:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
772:Christmas Day
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
737:Easter Monday
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
715:
709:
708:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
668:
662:
661:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
631:
627:
621:
620:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
586:
583:
582:
581:
578:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
554:
551:
550:
546:
540:
539:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
516:British Mixed
514:
512:
511:British Arabs
509:
507:
504:
502:
501:Black British
499:
497:
496:Asian British
494:
492:
491:White British
489:
487:
486:
482:
481:
480:
479:
473:
470:
468:
465:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
421:
415:
409:
408:
399:
396:
395:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
367:
364:
363:
362:
359:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
345:
342:
341:
337:
331:
330:
326:
322:
321:
317:
313:
312:
308:
304:
303:
293:
288:
286:
281:
279:
274:
273:
271:
270:
267:
262:
257:
256:
245:
244:
239:
238:British chefs
236:
235:
234:
233:
229:
228:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
167:Balti curries
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
152:
148:
147:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
126:Pembrokeshire
124:
122:
119:
117:
116:Monmouthshire
114:
112:
109:
108:
107:
106:
102:
101:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
54:
49:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
9302:
9142:Homelessness
8956:Homelessness
8796:
8739:Social class
8719:Prostitution
8662:Homelessness
8443:British Army
8275:Human rights
8263:By-elections
8243:Constitution
7814:Georgian era
7715:
7708:
7696:
7689:
7682:
7662:Fell farming
7188:Celtic field
7108:Crown Estate
7036:Conservation
6696:Note by Note
6674:New American
6363:Pontic Greek
6244:South Indian
6239:North Indian
5910:Extremaduran
5800:Saint Lucian
5474:South Korean
5469:North Korean
5333:Palembangese
5261:Uttarakhandi
4747:Saint Helena
4737:Gibraltarian
4716:
4605:Puerto Rican
4301:Dependencies
4290:Transnistria
4244:Vatican City
4216:
3881:Food Stories
3866:at Wikibooks
3855:at Wikiquote
3814:
3800:
3782:
3770:
3750:
3738:
3727:Country Life
3725:
3706:
3679:
3669:
3651:
3639:
3632:
3623:
3617:
3606:
3560:
3553:
3524:. Retrieved
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3492:
3476:
3468:
3456:. Retrieved
3451:
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3427:The Guardian
3426:
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3400:
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3376:yougov.co.uk
3375:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3351:yougov.co.uk
3350:
3341:
3329:. Retrieved
3325:
3300:. Retrieved
3296:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3264:The Guardian
3263:
3253:
3241:. Retrieved
3230:The Observer
3229:
3219:
3207:. Retrieved
3197:
3186:
3179:
3169:28 September
3167:. Retrieved
3160:
3151:
3139:. Retrieved
3134:The Guardian
3132:
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3097:
3085:. Retrieved
3076:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3012:
2964:
2960:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2911:
2902:
2882:
2875:
2866:
2860:
2848:
2839:
2827:
2815:
2803:. Retrieved
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2777:the original
2770:
2763:
2745:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:the original
2719:
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2692:the original
2682:
2659:
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:
2628:
2618:19 September
2616:. Retrieved
2594:
2588:
2578:17 September
2576:. Retrieved
2570:
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2544:the original
2534:
2516:
2508:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:
2473:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2445:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:the original
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2396:. 9 May 2012
2393:
2384:
2364:
2357:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2281:
2275:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2057:
2042:its whiskies
2030:Scotch broth
2010:cullen skink
1999:
1972:
1950:
1929:, bread and
1898:
1878:curry powder
1866:
1859:
1844:
1835:
1831:
1818:
1810:
1794:spotted dick
1787:
1780:
1778:
1775:21st century
1766:
1750:Indian-style
1739:
1706:
1690:
1686:Jamie Oliver
1682:Nigel Slater
1635:
1628:
1620:
1614:
1597:20th century
1588:
1585:
1562:
1531:
1511:
1508:
1499:Anglo-Saxons
1492:
1488:Lincolnshire
1478:, which was
1454:
1444:
1438:
1421:
1377:roast dinner
1370:
1354:
1323:
1298:
1297:
1220:
1213:
1194:Coat of arms
1159:
1125:Gaelic games
1115:Rugby league
881:Scottish art
824:Christianity
747:Victoria Day
666:
585:Ulster Scots
506:British Jews
483:
477:
476:
419:
246:
207:Saint Helena
197:Gibraltarian
157:Anglo-Indian
65:
53:pie and mash
51:Traditional
39:, a popular
29:
9229:Health care
9137:Health care
9043:Health care
8951:Health care
8859:Anglosphere
8734:Social care
8689:Immigration
8632:Drug policy
8396:Departments
8324:Nationality
8097:Agriculture
8030:terminology
7997:City status
7868:Since 1979
7698:Countryfile
7684:The Archers
7263:Swing Riots
7193:Common land
7128:Legislation
6951:Agriculture
6883:WikiProject
6463:Kosher food
5845:Singaporean
5835:Seychellois
5810:Sammarinese
5693:Palestinian
5653:New Zealand
5623:Montenegrin
5593:Mauritanian
5588:Marshallese
5400:Piedmontese
5328:Minangkabau
5298:Gorontalese
5079:Heptanesean
4995:Kapampangan
4918:Greenlandic
4794:Cameroonian
4662:Bangladeshi
4652:Azerbaijani
4610:Southern US
4595:New Mexican
4590:New English
4565:Californian
4382:Continental
4328:Isle of Man
4261:recognition
4202:Switzerland
4061:Netherlands
3754:. Piatkus.
3654:. Vintage.
3458:30 November
3432:30 November
3406:30 November
3356:30 November
3331:30 November
3326:The Outline
3005:Panayi 2010
2908:"Pea Facts"
2853:Panayi 2010
2451:6 September
2223:Food portal
2189:melting pot
2084:Welsh cakes
2014:Dundee cake
1980:restaurants
1923:immigration
1822:BBC article
1798:Scotch eggs
1760:(1790) and
1662:Delia Smith
1658:Gary Rhodes
1654:Keith Floyd
1589:Before the
1501:introduced
1361:Middle Ages
1332:; however,
1110:Rugby union
876:English art
829:No religion
757:The Twelfth
732:Good Friday
607:Angloromani
531:Other White
9195:Government
9103:Government
9098:Parliament
8814:Literature
8694:Innovation
8627:Demography
8522:(currency)
8371:Government
8329:Parliament
8253:Devolution
8248:Corruption
8183:Materials
8117:geothermal
7801:Chronology
7650:Beekeeping
7208:Dutch barn
7062:Government
7007:NFU Mutual
6706:Vegetarian
6485:Historical
6229:Indonesian
6177:Indonesian
6147:Australian
6069:Zimbabwean
6049:Vietnamese
6044:Venezuelan
5932:Sri Lankan
5900:Cantabrian
5875:Andalusian
5825:Senegalese
5805:Salvadoran
5753:Circassian
5723:Portuguese
5708:Paraguayan
5698:Panamanian
5658:Nicaraguan
5633:Mozambican
5613:Monégasque
5566:Sarawakian
5541:Macedonian
5531:Lithuanian
5395:Neapolitan
5268:Indonesian
5226:Rajasthani
5201:Meghalayan
5176:Jharkhandi
5131:Arunachali
5086:Guatemalan
5017:La RĂ©union
4950:Ecuadorian
4925:Djiboutian
4672:Belarusian
4642:Australian
4570:Floribbean
4192:San Marino
4172:Montenegro
4152:Kazakhstan
4127:Azerbaijan
4051:Luxembourg
3381:15 October
3277:6 December
3243:6 December
3209:15 October
3113:11 October
3087:30 January
2595:The Times
2267:References
2088:bara brith
2080:laverbread
1976:gastropubs
1957:Richard II
1943:freshwater
1518:sugar cane
1435:Beginnings
1240:Tudor rose
1167:Stonehenge
1120:Ice hockey
1043:Television
905:Literature
777:Boxing Day
202:Montserrat
162:Anguillian
131:Ceredigion
9224:Education
9180:Geography
9132:Education
9088:Geography
9038:Education
9009:Executive
8994:Geography
8946:Education
8919:Geography
8699:Languages
8637:Education
8563:Transport
8401:Ministers
8287:Judiciary
8258:Elections
8198:Wildlife
8107:biodiesel
8089:Resources
8079:Volcanoes
8069:Mountains
8054:Coastline
7956:Geography
7910:1814–1919
7872:political
7857:political
7809:Formation
7243:Rationing
7213:Enclosure
7198:Corn Laws
7017:Openfield
6960:Companies
6785:sociology
6664:Fast food
6659:Classique
6523:Byzantine
6424:Mennonite
6409:Christian
6397:Religious
6358:Peranakan
6306:Sephardic
6291:Ethiopian
6281:Ashkenazi
6234:Malaysian
6187:Pakistani
6182:Malaysian
6157:Cambodian
6107:Aromanian
6039:Vanuatuan
6029:Uruguayan
6024:Ukrainian
5977:Zanzibari
5972:Tanzanian
5962:Taiwanese
5925:Valencian
5920:Manchegan
5855:Slovenian
5768:Mordovian
5688:Pakistani
5678:Norwegian
5618:Mongolian
5598:Mauritian
5573:Maldivian
5556:Malaysian
5449:Jordanian
5410:Sardinian
5370:Abruzzese
5338:Sundanese
5323:Minahasan
5246:Telangana
5231:Sikkimese
5181:Karnataka
5116:Icelandic
5111:Hungarian
4980:Ethiopian
4930:Dominican
4883:Congolese
4878:Colombian
4846:Hong Kong
4841:Cantonese
4809:Québécois
4789:Cambodian
4784:Burundian
4774:Burkinabé
4769:Bulgarian
4722:Anguillia
4712:Brazilian
4692:Bhutanese
4667:Barbadian
4632:Argentine
4453:Levantine
4443:Caucasian
4416:Caribbean
4318:Gibraltar
4046:Lithuania
3896:'s essay
3781:(2010) .
3748:(2009) .
3644:Routledge
3635:, 2nd ed.
3569:892036202
3272:0261-3077
3238:0029-7712
2989:144058987
2981:1552-8014
2912:Yes Peas!
2446:WSU Cider
2331:1932-6203
2143:Scottish
2022:marmalade
1939:game pies
1617:rationing
1550:chocolate
1472:coriander
1401:apple pie
1222:In Defens
1209:Britannia
1138:Monuments
891:Irish art
886:Welsh art
714:Festivals
626:Mythology
545:Languages
212:Hong Kong
172:Bermudian
9309:Category
9287:Category
9239:Religion
9185:Politics
9152:Religion
9093:Politics
9081:timeline
9068:Scotland
9053:Religion
9004:Assembly
8999:Politics
8966:Religion
8924:Politics
8912:timeline
8829:Religion
8809:Identity
8672:Scotland
8617:Cannabis
8543:Taxation
8430:Military
8312:monarchs
8307:Monarchy
8227:Politics
8187:forestry
8167:Scottish
8158:Fishing
8017:Physical
7937:Taxation
7932:Military
7922:Maritime
7895:Economic
7888:By topic
7853:Postwar
7847:military
7842:civilian
7834:Interwar
7741:Category
7667:Forestry
7655:June Gap
7569:Museums
7457:TĹ· unnos
7392:Crofting
7385:Shetland
7372:Scotland
7350:Cornwall
6987:Farmcare
6873:Cookbook
6853:Category
6755:Cookbook
6737:Prepared
6701:Nouvelle
6679:Eurasian
6608:Medieval
6404:Buddhist
6338:Ossetian
6323:Livonian
6301:Moroccan
6286:Bukharan
6276:American
6214:Hazaragi
6192:Peruvian
6167:Filipino
6162:Canadian
6142:American
6112:Assyrian
6009:Tuvaluan
5994:Tunisian
5989:Togolese
5937:Sudanese
5915:Galician
5895:Canarian
5885:Balearic
5880:Asturian
5733:Romanian
5713:Peruvian
5668:Nigerian
5648:Nepalese
5638:Namibian
5628:Moroccan
5608:Moldovan
5551:Malawian
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5012:Corsican
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4975:Estonian
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4682:Belizean
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3714:
3690:
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2987:
2979:
2890:
2805:3 June
2783:3 June
2735:3 June
2698:3 June
2670:
2550:3 June
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2372:
2347:
2337:
2329:
2166:Welsh
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2115:scones
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