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part of the materials (sand and stones) for nothing; on the other hand, the maritime aviation has taken care of the transport; finally, the labor, abundant and free, will be provided by the garrison and the colonials from there. However, the costs were still considerable. It is necessary to foresee," wrote
Lieutenant-Colonel J. Ferrandi, Secretary-General of "La France Militaire", "an expenditure of approximately 50,000 francs.
401:
462:(sable et pierres) pour rien ; d'autre part, l'aviation maritime s'est chargée des transports ; enfin, la main d'œuvre, abondante et gratuite, sera assurée par la garnison et les coloniaux de là bas. Cependant, les frais demeurent encore considérables. Il faut prévoir, nous écrit le lieutenant-colonel J. Ferrandi, secrétaire général de "La France militaire", une dépense d'environ, 50 000 francs.
53:
461:
La future mosquée, de cette couleur rouge, sombre et vive à la fois, qu'avait le
Pavillon de l'Afrique occidentale française aux Arts décoratifs, sera faite en agglomérés et en ciment. Ce sera une œuvre collective où chacun apportera sa part. Déjà , le maire de Fréjus a offert une partie des matériaux
506:
and two large central towers, to the east and west, shelter the stairs leading to the terrace. On the outer walls, plastered concrete spikes imitate the wooden beams holding the mudbrick structure of the original mosque. Inside, the murals depicting a camel and
Senegalese Tirailleurs are unfinished.
476:
The future mosque, of that same red color, dark and bright at the same time, which the French West Africa
Pavilion at the Decorative Arts had, will be made of agglomerates and cement. It will be a collective work where everyone will contribute their share. Already, the mayor of Fréjus has offered a
321:
In 1915, the French high command realized that the war would last far longer than they had originally imagined. They authorized a major recruitment drive in West Africa and 93 Senegalese battalions were raised between 1915 and 1918. The harsh conditions of trench warfare were a particular source of
447:
with the aim of, according tho
Captain Abdel Kader Mademba "giving the black skirmishers the illusion, as faithful as possible, of the materialization of a setting similar to the one they had left; that he finds there, in the evening, during interminable palaver, the echoes of the tam-tam echoing
352:
After the war, not everyone is repatriated. As early as 1925, the military imagined building a community center for the colonial troops so that the soldiers would not feel too isolated outside their home country and to combat homesickness and improve moral. They decided to build the
Missiri after
969:
383:
The building was included in the supplementary inventory of French historic monuments on 18 June 1987. The site is nowadays more a monument than a place of prayer and worship in this roofless building with its unfinished murals. The mosque is the property of the
408:
The building stands on the outskirts of Fréjus in the former military camp of Caïs. Captain Abdel Kader
Mademba, supported by Colonel Lame, then commander in arms, took the initiative for the project and built a mosque in the CaĂŻs camp on the road to
341:, the first overseas troops in 1915 and became a transition site for these soldiers, allowing them to acclimatize before their departure for the front. Military camps and hospitals were then built to accommodate troops coming from the then
448:
against the walls of a familiar construction, evocative of visions likely to soften the feeling of isolation from which he is sometimes afflicted, placing him, as it were, in a native atmosphere."
507:
With its external wall measuring 21 m Ă— 21 m (69 ft Ă— 69 ft), the
Missiri has a central uncovered 9 m Ă— 9 m (30 ft Ă— 30 ft) courtyard.
322:
suffering to the un-acclimatized
African soldiers and, after 1914/15, the practice was adopted of withdrawing them to the south of France for training and re-equipping each winter.
358:
518:
or a covered prayer area, which are important architectural elements of a proper place of worship for
Muslims. Muslim Senegalese tirailleurs prayed in an open area (
294:, 37 battalions of French, North African and Senegalese infantry were transferred from Morocco to France. Five Senegalese battalions were soon serving on the
130:
989:
376:
and after the Second World War, the military camps around Fréjus developed their role as training centers, before departure for external operations for the
622:
Lunn, Joe (October 1999). "'Les Races Guerrieres': Racial Preconceptions in the French Military about West African Soldiers during the First World War".
325:
490:
The Missiri mosque is entirely made of reinforced concrete covered with red plaster, to match the soil tones around Fréjus (the original is made of
318:
in 1918. Losses were particularly heavy in Flanders (estimated from 3,200 to 4,800) and Chemin des Dames (7,000 out of 15,500 tirailleurs engaged).
1019:
994:
659:
279:. These infantry units took on the adjective "sénégalese" since that was where the first African Tirailleur regiment had been formed in 1857 by
45:
1029:
416:
The construction started in 1928. Completed in 1930, it received the name of Missiri, which means "mosque" in the western African language
236:
is a former French military community center inspired by sub-Saharan Islamic architecture. It was constructed in 1928–1930 for the
342:
868:
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598:
565:
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De l'indigène au soldat : les tirailleurs sénégalais de 1919 à 1940 : approche anthropologique et prosopographique
1024:
377:
999:
510:
Although its appearance evokes that of a mosque, its purpose and uses remained secular. The Missiri does not include a
1009:
958:
385:
498:
color). It has a square floor plan with four wings surrounding a central courtyard opening onto the galleries with
404:
French West Africa Pavilion at the Paris Colonial Exposition in 1931, imitating the Great Mosque of Djenné in Mali.
108:
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in Indochina, Madagascar and later North Africa. The last unit of Senegalese Tirailleurs was disbanded in 1962.
1014:
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The building was included in the supplementary inventory of French historic monuments on 18 June 1987.
429:
660:"The Missiri of Fréjus as Healing Memorial: Mosque Metaphors and the French Colonial Army (1928–64)"
421:
859:
Rinuy, Paul-Louis; Abram, Joseph; Le Bas, Antoine; Vignes-Dumas, Claire; Lemaître, Pascal (2014).
689:
959:
Les tirailleurs venus d'Afrique construisirent une mosquée soudanaise inspirée de celle de Djenné
444:
354:
435:
298:, while others formed part of the reduced French garrison in Morocco. On the Western Front, the
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276:
237:
503:
428:. A second replica of this mosque existed in France. Built in the Bois de Vincennes, for the
303:
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248:. Although its appearance evokes that of a mosque, its purpose and uses remained secular.
8:
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devoted an article on 2 June 1928 to the undertaking of Captain Abdel Kader Mademba:
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Patrimoine sacré XXe-XXIe siècle : les lieux de culte en France depuis 1905
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307:
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132:
894:"L'architecture des mosquées en France : construire ou édifier ?"
893:
32:
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The departure of Senegalese tirailleurs at Fréjus for the front in 1915.
779:
Histoire de l'Islam et des musulmans en France du Moyen Ă‚ge Ă nos jours
635:
906:
443:
At the time, it was embellished with African huts and reconstructed
432:
of 1931, it was demolished shortly after the end of the exhibition.
241:
104:
935:(PhD thesis) (in French). Université Paul Valéry – Montpellier III.
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366:
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La force noire : gloire et infortunes d'une légende coloniale
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and subsequently throughout the sub-Saharan regions of the
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Reconstructed termite mounds next to the Missiri mosque.
302:
served with distinction at Ypres and Dixmude during the
271:
in the French Army. They were initially recruited from
560:. Champeaux, Antoine. Paris: Tallandier. p. 223.
964:
Mosquée de Fréjus dans le Var, camp militaire de Caïs
975:
Mosquée de Missiri à Fréjus, sur la base Monumentum
981:
357:who had built in Fréjus, as early as 1917, the
420:. Its architecture is inspired by that of the
664:International Journal of Islamic Architecture
990:Buildings and structures in Var (department)
392:in Fréjus is in charge of its preservation.
827:
353:tensions with their comrades-in-arms, the
905:
838:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 95–96.
891:
588:
434:
399:
324:
1020:20th-century military history of France
833:
714:"Historique des tirailleurs sénégalais"
995:Government buildings completed in 1930
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776:
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333:Fréjus welcomed, on the initiative of
52:
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836:Vestiges of Colonial Empire in France
593:. Paris: Larousse. pp. 70, 170.
555:
764:, Ministère français de la Culture.
744:, Ministère français de la Culture.
720:(in French). French Defense Ministry
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651:
649:
647:
645:
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1030:20th-century architecture in France
892:Zwilling, Anne-Laure (2012-07-15).
615:
378:French Far East Expeditionary Corps
13:
14:
1041:
943:
658:Gruber, Christiane (2012-02-14).
642:
834:Aldrich, R. (10 December 2004).
811:"Le musée des Troupes de Marine"
690:"Pagode Hông Hien Tû à Fréjus -"
591:Dictionnaire de la Grande guerre
306:in late 1914, at the capture of
51:
44:
31:
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885:
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624:Journal of Contemporary History
532:Mosque of the Bois de Vincennes
386:French Ministry of Armed Forces
898:Revue des sciences religieuses
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395:
1:
952:Mosquée soudanaise ou Missiri
929:Guyon, Anthony (2017-12-15).
900:(in French) (86/3): 343–356.
542:
502:. The corners are flanked by
863:. Paris: Éd. du patrimoine.
718:www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr
589:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2014).
310:in October 1916, during the
259:The Senegalese Tirailleurs (
7:
1025:Community centres in Europe
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240:based in military camps in
10:
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339:military governor of Paris
316:Second Battle of the Marne
312:Battle of Chemin des Dames
254:
109:Provence-Alpes-CĂ´te d'Azur
1000:French Army installations
777:Arkoun, Mohammed (2006).
430:Paris Colonial Exposition
314:in April 1917 and at the
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1010:Neo-Sudanic architecture
361:dedicated to Vietnamese
146:43.4576639°N 6.7271417°E
24:
966:. Site de Michel Renard
781:. Paris: Albin Michel.
494:with a dominant yellow
355:Tirailleurs indochinois
335:General Joseph Gallieni
512:wall directed to Mecca
488:
473:
440:
422:Great Mosque of Djenné
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330:
300:Senegalese Tirailleurs
283:, governor-general of
277:French colonial empire
265:Tirailleurs Sénégalais
264:
238:Senegalese Tirailleurs
60:Location within France
1015:Immigration to France
676:10.1386/ijia.1.1.25_1
474:
459:
451:The French newspaper
438:
403:
328:
304:First Battle of Ypres
151:43.4576639; 6.7271417
556:Deroo, Eric (2006).
388:. The museum of the
170:Construction started
1005:Mosque architecture
522:) outside Missiri.
359:HĂ´ng HiĂŞn Tu pagoda
290:At the outbreak of
192:Monument historique
142: /
90:Architectural style
69:General information
970:Mosquée de Missiri
762:mosquée de Missiri
748:, au lieu-dit CaĂŻs
742:Mosquée de Missiri
441:
406:
331:
285:French West Africa
215:Reference no.
25:Mosquée de Missiri
870:978-2-7577-0344-1
845:978-0-230-00552-5
788:978-2-226-17503-8
600:978-2-03-589746-6
567:978-2-84734-339-7
537:Tata of Chasselay
390:Troupes de Marine
269:colonial infantry
267:) was a corps of
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347:French Indochina
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374:interwar period
343:French colonies
281:Louis Faidherbe
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202:Mosquée Missiri
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162:Current tenants
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630:(4): 517–536.
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483:L'Illustration
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468:L'Illustration
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454:L'Illustration
445:termite mounds
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345:in Africa and
308:Fort Douaumont
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234:Missiri Mosque
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134:43°27′27.59″N
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137:6°43′37.71″E
766:(in French)
746:(in French)
396:Description
372:During the
369:tradition.
292:World War I
244:, southern
165:French army
149: /
124:Coordinates
984:Categories
820:2020-01-12
724:2020-01-12
699:2020-01-11
543:References
218:PA00081616
207:Designated
916:0035-2217
879:897744143
797:300941483
694:OT Frejus
609:880348710
576:300280743
492:mudbricks
178:Completed
526:See also
480:—
465:—
367:Mahayana
363:Buddhism
101:Location
520:musalla
504:turrets
418:Bambara
365:of the
337:, then
273:Senegal
255:History
115:Country
914:
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842:
795:
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636:261249
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607:
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574:
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516:mihrab
261:French
246:France
242:Fréjus
118:France
105:Fréjus
77:closed
74:Status
632:JSTOR
496:ochre
912:ISSN
875:OCLC
865:ISBN
840:ISBN
793:OCLC
783:ISBN
605:OCLC
595:ISBN
572:OCLC
562:ISBN
514:, a
426:Mali
232:The
210:1987
181:1930
173:1928
93:Neo
82:Type
902:doi
672:doi
424:in
986::
910:.
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813:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
