Minoan art - Knowledge

960: 401: 715: 1192: 727: 480: 612: 1571: 699: 946: 1754:; that is, they were buried by the remains of buildings which were destroyed by natural or man-made disasters. By contrast, vessels remaining from Final Palace and Postpalatial periods, after Mycenaean settlement in Crete, are mostly from burial contexts. This reflects, to a large extent, the change in burial practices during this time. The significance is that vessels from the earlier settlement destruction contexts were accidentally deposited and may therefore reflect a random selection of the types of vessels in circulation at the time, but those from the later burial contexts were deliberately chosen and deposited, possibly for specific symbolic reasons which we are not aware of. This means that the extant vessels from this period are probably less representative of the varieties of vessel types that were in circulation at the time. 828: 1633: 1358: 1395: 1276: 910: 745: 1154: 1017: 930: 1166: 429: 1692: 517: 1539: 1621: 385: 1134: 1520: 1488: 413: 1240:. After new techniques allowed for the development of new styles of pottery in the early Bronze Age, Coarse Dark Burnished class remained in production, and while most wares from the Coarse Dark Burnished class are generally less extravagant than other styles that utilize the technological developments that emerged during EM I, some examples of intricate pieces exist. This may suggest that there was a desire within the communities who produced Coarse Dark Burnished ware to separate themselves from the communities who produced wares with the new techniques. 652: 890: 1504: 342: 1476: 1314: 369: 8564: 1555: 22: 1585:" background, whose actual material and technique have been much discussed. These have long thin scenes running along the centre of the blade, which show the violence typical of the art of Mycenaean Greece, as well as a sophistication in both technique and figurative imagery that is startlingly original in a Greek context. There are a number of scenes of lions hunting and being hunted, attacking men and being attacked; most are now in the 318: 768: 1374:, Abstract Geometric and the Alternating styles of decoration were prominent themes of this era. Additionally, potted wares that depicted animals, e.g. the heads of bulls, became popular during LM. These decorative pieces were painted with the popular patterns of the time creating some of the most elaborate of all Minoan potted goods. Dark on light painting took over from light on dark by the end of LM IB. 235:, which had produced sophisticated urban art for much longer, but the character of the small but wealthy mercantile Minoan cities was very different, with little evidence of large temple-based religion, monarchs, or warfare, and "all the imaginative power and childlike freshness of a very young culture". All these aspects of the Minoan culture remain rather mysterious. 1593:(German: "painting in metal"). It involves using gold and silver inlays or applied foils with black niello and the bronze, which would originally have been brightly polished. As well as providing a black colour, the niello was also used as the adhesive to hold the thin gold and silver foils in place. The "Lion Hunt Dagger", with a 1567:. In contrast spears and "slashing-knives" tend to be "severely functional". Many of these were probably made either in Crete, or by Cretans working on the mainland. Daggers are often the most lavishly decorated, with gold hilts that may be set with jewels, and the middle of the blade decorated with a variety of techniques. 1727:. In this type of conspicuous burial, they may have symbolised the wealth and status of the individual by alluding to their ability to sponsor feasts, and it is possible that sets of vessels interred in graves were used for funerary feasting prior to the burial itself. Metal vessels may also have been used for political 859:, some shaped into sculptural forms such as animal heads or seashells, others carved with geometrical patterns or figurative scenes round the sides. They are mostly too large and heavy for convenient use in feasting, and many have holes at the bottom for pouring libations. Most use soft or semiprecious stones such as 1292:

is found in East Crete during the EM IIA period, but it is in the next period, EM IIB, that it becomes the dominant form among the fine wares throughout eastern and southern Crete. Both styles contain a reddish wash. However, Vasiliki ware has a unique mottled finish that distinguishes it from the EM

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ware. The style may have been imported, and perhaps mimics wood. Pirgos wares utilize a combination of old and new techniques. Pirgos wares are a subdivision of the Fine Dark Burnished class that have characteristic burnished patterns. The patterning is likely due to an inability to effectively paint

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Most of the Minoan population probably rarely saw frescos, which were almost all in interior spaces in buildings controlled by the elite. When they did get access, the "visual evidence of the elite class's communication with divinity", expressed even in "landscape" subjects, may have had a "powerful

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onto the raised vessel forms. Separate pieces of raised sheet were also riveted together to form larger vessels. Some vessels were decorated by various means. Cast handles and rims of some bronze vessels have decorative motifs in relief on their surfaces, and the walls of some vessels were worked in

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It is not clear what the functions of the vessels were, but scholars have proposed some possibilities. Cup-types and bowls were probably for drinking and hydrias and pitchers for pouring liquids, while cauldrons and pans may have been used to prepare food, and other specialised forms such as sieves,

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destroyed c. 1450. A large (96.5 x 55.3 cm) gold-plated ivory gaming board (or perhaps just the lid) richly decorated with carving and inlays from Knossos has lost the wood that probably formed most of the original, but is the most complete survival of the lavish decoration of palace furniture

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and tooth from various animals, bone, and seashell. Wood has very rarely survived, but was no doubt very commonly. North Syria had elephants throughout the period, and imported ivory from there or Africa seems to have been readily available for elite art; uncarved tusks were found in the palace at

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fresco, also called "painted stuccos", where the plaster has been formed into a relief of the main subject before it is painted, probably in imitation of Egyptian stone reliefs. The technique is mostly, but not exclusively, used at Knossos, between MM II and LM I. The figures are large, and include

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appears in painting and several types of sculpture, and is thought to have had a religious significance; bulls' heads are also a popular subject in terracotta and other sculptural materials. There are no figures that appear to be portraits of individuals, or are clearly royal, and the identities of

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EM III, the final phase of the early Minoan period, is dominated by the White-On-Dark class. Some locations have been discovered that housed over 90% White-On-Dark ware. The class utilizes complex spirals and other ornate patterning that have naturalistic appearances. But not all producers of these

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These three classes of EM I pottery adequately reveal the diversity of techniques that emerged during the period. The Coarse Dark Burnished class continued to use techniques that were already in use, the Aghious Onouphrios and Lebana class used completely new techniques, and the Fine Dark Burnished

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In comparison with the art of other ancient cultures there is a high proportion of female figures, though the idea that Minoans had only goddesses and no gods is now discounted. Most human figures are in profile or in a version of the Egyptian convention with the head and legs in profile, and the

1386:, inspired by frescoes, has the entire surface of a pot covered with sea creatures, octopus, fish and dolphins, against a background of rocks, seaweed and sponges. By LM2 the painting was losing its "life and movement", and figurative painting was confined to a framed band around the vessel body. 1377:

LM pottery achieved the full articulation of the themes and techniques that had existed since the Neolithic era. Yet, this articulation was not the product of linear development. Rather, it was produced through the dynamic exchange of ideas and techniques and will to break away from, as well as to

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Several frescoes have been found, on Crete normally in partial fragments which require a good deal of reconstruction; sometimes only 5% of a reconstructed section is original. Surviving figurative examples date from MM III onwards, the same technique having been used earlier for plain colours and

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is most typical of this period. The MM period was dominated by the development of monumental palaces. These places centralized the production of potted wares. This centralization led artists to become more aware of what other craftsmen were producing and wares became more homogeneous in shapes in

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classes were two of the most widespread styles of pottery that used techniques of which there are no antecedent examples. Both techniques utilized a variety of new techniques, for example the selection and handling of materials, the firing process, sapping and ornamentation. Both styles used fine

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Designs usually include at least large areas of plain colour as background. More complicated scenes often have the main figures and some surroundings at the edge of picture painted, with plain areas in between. In early paintings a red that was the usual colour for plain painted walls was used,

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and his son, Emile, as the chief fresco restorers at Knossos. The restorations have been often criticised subsequently; and are now viewed with a "healthy skepticism" as "overconfident" by specialists. In one important case a figure of a monkey was turned into a boy; in fact human figures do not

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is found in both frescos and on painted pots, and sometimes in other media, but most of the time this consists of plants shown fringing a scene, or dotted around within it. There is a particular visual convention where the surroundings of the main subject are laid out as though seen from above,

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spreading all over the vessel, and probably originated from similar frescoed scenes; sometimes these appear in other media. Scenes of hunting and warfare, and horses and riders, are mostly found in later periods, in works perhaps made by Cretans for a Mycenaean market, or Mycenaean overlords of

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The palace style of the region around Knossos is characterized by geometric simplicity and monochromatic painting. LM wares continued the extravagance of decoration that became popular during the MM period. The patterns and images that were used to decorate pottery became more detailed and more

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Metal vessels were produced in Crete from at least as early as EM II (c. 2500) in the Prepalatial period through to LM IA (c. 1450) in the Postpalatial period and perhaps as late as LM IIIB/C (c. 1200), although it is likely that many of the vessels from these later periods were heirlooms from

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In general, and with some possible exceptions, wall painters seem to have been a distinct group, and probably the most valued artists. But they were probably in close touch with pottery painters and gem carvers, and influence probably passed in both directions at times. Ornament also used in

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There are also a few "miniature frescos" where, rather than the usual few large figures, there are scenes with large numbers of small figures. The small figures represented as woven designs on the clothes of large figures are covered by the same term. Because of the large groups shown, and

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and ornaments for women's hair, though there are also the universal types of rings, bracelets, armlets and necklaces, and many thin pieces that were sewn onto clothing. In the earlier periods gold was the main material, typically hammered very thin. but later it seemed to become scarce.

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they are often more vivid, but less naturalistic. However. it has been argued that the hybrid forms of flowering plants in frescos "reinforces the unearthly, magical, quality of the composition", as does the depiction together of flowers that actually appear at very different seasons.

1216:, and beak-spouts. However, while many of the artistic motifs are similar in the Early Minoan period, there are many differences that appear in the reproduction of these techniques throughout the island which represent a variety of shifts in taste as well as in power structures. 1346:. The Kamares ware that came to dominated the period utilized flower, fish, and other naturalistic ornamentation, and although the White-On-Gray class had begun to articulate prototypes of these patterns in EM III, the new decorative techniques of this period have no parallel. 1341:

While the pottery became more homogeneous in style during MM, the wares did not become any less ornate. Indeed, during the MM period the most elaborate decorations of any previous period emerge. These designs were likely inspired by the fresco that emerged during the

1684:, and they are often regarded as the same tradition. Many precious metal vessels found on mainland Greece exhibit Minoan characteristics, and it is thought that these were either imported from Crete or made on the mainland by Minoan metalsmiths working for Mycenaean 4653:

TEXNH. Craftsmen, Craftswomen and Craftsmanship in the Aegean Bronze Age / Artisanat et artisans en Égée à l'âge du Bronze: Proceedings of the 6th International Aegean Conference / 6e Rencontre égéenne internationale, Philadelphia, Temple University, 18–21 April

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1224:, paintings of human figures are extremely rare, and those of land mammals not common until late periods. Shapes and ornament were often borrowed from metal tableware that has largely not survived, while painted decoration probably mostly derives from frescos. 1070:

type, with a round vessel-like "skirt", and two raised hands, and attributes rising from the diadem, a late one Minoan example. Some human figures are quite large, and also painted clay animals, up to the size of a large dog, used as votive substitutes for

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The frescos include many depictions of people, with the sexes distinguished by a "violent contrast" of colour that is more extreme than the equivalent in Egypt; the men's skin is reddish-brown, and the women's white. Probably the most famous fresco is the

643:. They were excavated from 1990 to 2007. As with some Cretan palace frescos, these were later cleared and the painted plaster fragments dumped outside the building. They include scenes of bull-leaping, hunting, griffins, and Minoan-type female figures. 870:

A number of these are of special interest to archaeologists because they include relatively detailed scenes touching on areas of Minoan life that remain mysterious, and are otherwise mostly only seen on tiny seals; for example, the "Chieftain Cup" from

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are common in early periods, much less so later. Probably many early examples were in wood, and have not survived. Ivory and soft stone were the main surviving materials for early seals, the body of which were quite often formed as animals or birds.

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Fine decorated bronze weapons have been found in Crete, especially from LM periods, but they are far less prominent than in the remains of warrior-ruled Mycenae, where the famous shaft-grave burials contain many very richly decorated swords and

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technique. Research suggests that Minoan metalsmiths mostly used stone hammers without handles and wooden metalsmithing stakes to raise vessels. Many vessels have legs, handles, rims and decorative elements which were cast separately and

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During the Middle Minoan period, naturalistic designs (such as fish, squid, birds and lilies) were common. In the Late Minoan period, flowers and animals were still characteristic but more variety existed. However, in contrast to later

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patterns of lines to ornament the vessels. In the case of Aghious Onouphrios, vessel had a white backing and were painted with red lining. Conversely, in the case of the Lebena style white lines were painted above a red background.

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though individual specimens are shown in profile. This accounts for the rocks being shown all round a scene, with flowers apparently growing down from the top. The seascapes surrounding some scenes of fish and of boats, and in the

1382:, and saw reciprocal influence, both in the subjects used in decoration, and in new vessel shapes. Minoan knowledge of the sea was continued by the Mycenaeans in their frequent use of marine forms as artistic motifs. The so-called 843:

or by incision, were a type made before the Bronze Age in Egypt and the Greek mainland, and they appear in Crete, mostly in burials or palace settings, from Early Minoan II onwards. Many were perhaps made specially to be

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EM II-III are marked by a refining of the techniques and styles of pottery that emerged and evolved during EM I and these refinements would ultimately set the themes for the later works of Minoan and Mycenaean pottery.

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ware is a development of Aghious and Lebana styles of pottery and was prominent in EM IIA, prior to Vasiliki wares' increased popularity. Additionally, gray wares continued to be produced throughout EM II and a Fine

787:. However, this may partly be explained by the lack of suitable stone, as there are smaller sculptures and some "evidence for the existence of large wooden and even metal statues in Crete", which may well have been 528:

Evans and other early archaeologists tended to regard the wall paintings as a natural way to decorate palatial rooms, as they were in the Italian Renaissance, but more recent scholars link them, or many of them, to

714: 568:, with several painted parallel stripes above and below the images to frame them. The dados were normally also painted plaster, sometimes imitating natural stone patterns, but in grand buildings might be stone or 1199:

Many different styles of potted wares and techniques of production are observable throughout the history of Crete. Early Minoan ceramics (terracotta sculptures are covered above) were characterized by patterns of

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in his book on Minoan Crete, published by Adam Editions in 2000, but other chronologies will vary, sometimes quite considerably (EM periods especially). Sets of different dates from other authors are set out at

509:, frescoes which make it the second-most famous Minoan site. Although the paintings are rather less refined, and its political relationship with Crete is uncertain, the town was covered in volcanic ash in the 698: 1127:

in later periods, which compares with examples from Egypt and the Near East. Many plaques and pieces of inlay in ivory and various materials have survived without their settings, some carved in high relief.

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There may also have been ceiling reliefs of patterns of ornament; the Minoans also painted some floors with "normal" frescos, and the well-known scene of dolphins from Knossos may have been a floor-painting.

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wares used these patterns at the same time. Rather, the motifs caught hold over an extended period of time. These developments set the mood for the new classes that would emerge in the Middle Minoan period.

909: 533:, about which much remains obscure. One widely held view is that "Aegean landscape consistently reflects a reverence for nature that implies the overarching presence of a Minoan goddess of nature". 744: 400: 824:

eyes and ivory details. Standing roughly 50 cm (19.5 in) talI, it was deliberately smashed when the city was pillaged in the LM period, and has been reconstructed from many tiny pieces.

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religious figures is often tentative, with scholars uncertain whether they are deities, clergy or devotees. Equally, whether painted rooms were "shrines" or secular is far from clear; one room in

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Hood, 54–56, 238; Gates, 30 (in 2004) summarizes the recent specialist dates for the eruption as in the range 1628-1520. The early part of that range seems to have been gaining ground since then.

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With a very few hints of modelling, the frescos normally use "flat" colour—pure colours with no shading, blending or attempt to represent form within coloured areas. Many wall paintings formed

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While Minoan figures, whether human or animal, have a great sense of life and movement, they are often not very accurate, and the species is sometimes impossible to identify; by comparison with

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I styles pottery. At times this mottled finish is deliberate and controlled and at others it seems uncontrolled. Like EM I, a variety classifications of Pottery emerged during this period.

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From about MM IIIA the quality of decorated palace pottery begins to decline, perhaps indicating that it was being replaced by precious metal on the dining tables and altars of the elite.

1731:, where the value of the gift reflects the wealth or status of the giver and the perceived importance of the recipient. This could explain the presence of Minoan vessels in the Mycenaean 977:

are the most common surviving type of art after pottery, with several thousand known, from EM II onwards, in addition to over a thousand impressions, few of which match surviving seals.

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Basic terracotta figures were often hand-formed and unpainted, but fancier ones were made on the wheel and decorated. Vast numbers, of both human and animal figures, were made as

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Metals Make the World Go Round: The Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe : Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997

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Metals Make the World Go Round: The Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe : Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997

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described an "essential quality of the finest Minoan art, the ability to create an atmosphere of movement and life although following a set of highly formal conventions".

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around 1600 BC, and many of them have survived far more completely than those from Crete. Unusually, they include life-size female figures, one apparently a priestess.

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The few bronze figurines were probably only made from MM III onwards. They are regarded as votives mostly representing worshipers, but also various animals, and in the

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pottery can sometimes help to date paintings, which is otherwise only possible by style, which can be difficult. The main colours used in Minoan frescos include black (

2080: 1538: 8406: 4920: 4230: 3309: 1519: 692:, is uniquely elaborately painted and generally very well preserved. It records funerary ceremonies at a time when Crete was probably ruled by the Mycenaeans. 4144: 7031: 889: 200:

from about 3000 to 1100 BC, though the most extensive and finest survivals come from approximately 2300 to 1400 BC. It forms part of the wider grouping of

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Minoan art has a variety of subject-matter, much of it appearing across different media, although only some styles of pottery include figurative scenes.

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class of wares emerges. The Fine Gray class follows the trend of the majority of EM II pottery and is a remarkably higher quality than previous wares.

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and jewellery, including spirals, arcades, flora and fauna, including bulls, birds and marine life. Minoan smiths probably also produced animal-head

1426:, a gold pendant featuring bees on a honeycomb. This was overlooked by the 19th-century looters of a royal burial site they called the "Gold Hole" ( 1414:

The Minoans created elaborate metalwork with imported gold and copper. Bead necklaces, bracelets and hair ornaments appear in the frescoes, and many

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There are a number of Minoan or Minoan-influenced frescos around the Aegean and on the Greek mainland, several probably done by Minoan artists. In

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significance of these motifs is largely unknown, although some scholars have identified general themes from the contexts in which they were used.

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The Aegean and the East: An Investigation into the Transference of Artistic Motifs between the Aegean, Egypt, and the Near East in the Bronze Age

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The Aegean and the East: An Investigation into the Transference of Artistic Motifs between the Aegean, Egypt, and the Near East in the Bronze Age

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suggests that mostly cup-type forms were created in precious metals, but the corpus of bronze vessels was diverse, including cauldrons, pans,

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class used a combination of old and new techniques. However a variety of other EM I wares have been discovered, e.g. the Scored, Red to Brown

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simple patterns. They were probably inspired by Syrian or Egyptian examples, the former perhaps more likely. The most important sites are

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seem to have become less used; the Knossos "Saffron Gatherer" (illustrated below) may be the earliest fresco to leave significant remains.

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Hemingway, Séan (1 January 1996). "Minoan Metalworking in the Postpalatial Period: A Deposit of Metallurgical Debris from Palaikastro".

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Hemingway, Séan (1 January 1996). "Minoan Metalworking in the Postpalatial Period: A Deposit of Metallurgical Debris from Palaikastro".

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slabs. When they were first discovered it was claimed that, in contrast to Egyptian frescos, Crete had "true" frescos, applied to wet

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Rehak, Paul (1997). "Aegean Art Before and After the LM IB Cretan Destructions". In Laffineur, Robert; Betancourt, Philip P. (eds.).

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Rehak, Paul (1997). "Aegean Art Before and After the LM IB Cretan Destructions". In Laffineur, Robert; Betancourt, Philip P. (eds.).

2068: 262:(EM, MM, LM), and their many sub-phases. The dates to be attached to these remain much discussed, although within narrowing ranges. 412: 8183: 6718: 6152: 1700: 1586: 1575: 208:. Since wood and textiles have decomposed, the best-preserved (and most instructive) surviving examples of Minoan art are its 448:, and they were found both in the large "palaces" of the cities (but not all of them) and in "villas" and larger city houses. 7121: 6203: 5919: 5362: 4909: 4853: 4818: 4787: 4698: 4661: 4641: 4614: 3503: 3451: 3401: 3247: 3222: 3197: 3172: 2765: 2138: 220:

which include "the earliest pure landscapes anywhere"), small sculptures in various materials, jewellery, metal vessels, and

5763: 4406: 2988: 1632: 1439:), and before long "hard soldering" to bond gold to itself without melting it, requiring precise control of temperature. 277:

of the same periods, even after Crete was occupied by the Mycenaeans, but only some aspects of the tradition survived the

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Thracians and Mycenaeans: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Thracology, Rotterdam, 24–26 September 1984

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Thracians and Mycenaeans: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Thracology, Rotterdam, 24–26 September 1984

362:, land with a settlement as well, give a wider landscape than is usual, and a more conventional arrangement of the view. 7470: 5830: 1454:

is an important group in the British Museum, of uncertain origin though supposedly found c. 1890 on the Greek island of

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The most famous of these are a few inlaid with elaborate scenes in gold and silver set against a black (or now black) "

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torso seen frontally; but the Minoan figures exaggerate features such as slim male waists and large female breasts.

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Shaw, 73. Possible exceptions include the staff-holding figure on the stone "Chieftan Cup" (illustrated below), the

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marine landscape from Akrotiri mentioned above), the miniature frescos include some of the most interesting scenes.

368: 5875: 2578: 6623: 989:; other seals are in gold. The subjects shown cover, indeed extend, the full range of Minoan art. The so-called 783:

Minoan large stone sculptures are very rare, in notable contrast to the contemporary mainland cultures, and later

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The "Battle of the Glen" gold ring shows the Minoan landscape convention, with rocks above and below. Buried at

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drinking ceremonies and communal feasting, where the use of the valuable bronze and precious metal vessels by

6885: 6638: 5110: 2145:. Some figures remain ambiguous, and it has been argued that male youths could also be shown as white-bodied. 483:

Procession fresco from Knossos; of the 23 figures, most feet are original, but only the head at extreme right

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signified their high status, power and superiority over lower-status participants who used ceramic vessels.

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had more specific functions. Several scholars have suggested that metal vessels played an important role in

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Minoan jewellery has mostly been recovered from graves, and until the later periods much of it consists of

4577:, 1st edn. 1982 (many later editions), Macmillan, London, page refs to 1984 Macmillan 1st edn. paperback. 2565: 1691: 1051:

from the "Temple Depostories" at Knossos, where the largest group of Aegean faience objects were found.

7928: 7629: 6295: 5054: 4830:"Minoan Metal Vessel Manufacture: Reconstructing Techniques and Technology with Experimental Archaeology" 4778:

Baboula, Evanthia (2000). "'Buried' Metals in Late Minoan Inheritance Customs". In Pare, C. F. E. (ed.).

3539:"Minoan Metal Vessel Manufacture: Reconstructing Techniques and Technology with Experimental Archaeology" 3442:

Baboula, Evanthia (2000). "'Buried' Metals in Late Minoan Inheritance Customs". In Pare, C. F. E. (ed.).

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Small sculpture of a number of types was often very finely made. Stone vases, often highly decorated in

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are all well-represented in images in various media, but have few survivals with much decoration. Late

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During later periods, when Mycenaean peoples settled in Crete, metal vessels were often interred as

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from Akrotiri, "the earliest pure landscapes anywhere", far better preserved than those at Knossos.

7365: 7325: 8349: 7686: 7526: 7281: 6890: 6836: 6440: 6283: 6198: 6125: 6064: 5397: 4656:. Liège: Université de Liège, Histoire de l'art et archéologie de la Grèce antique. p. 145. 4432: 4310: 4013: 3971: 3904: 3167:. Liège: Université de Liège, Histoire de l'art et archéologie de la Grèce antique. p. 145. 1736: 1419: 506: 7458: 7276: 6768: 1776: 664:

humans, bulls, griffins and a lion seizing prey; the few fragments worked up into the so-called

309:" is a type of painted palace pottery from MM III and LM IA that paints sea creatures including 8567: 8460: 8108: 8058: 8018: 7981: 7881: 7521: 6841: 6819: 6679: 5647: 5317: 4103: 3740: 1762: 1758: 1699:". This cup is believed to be of Minoan manufacture while its twin is thought to be Mycenaean. 473: 458: 4531: 4493: 2128: 8098: 8073: 8038: 8008: 7974: 7896: 7674: 7649: 7264: 7143: 7048: 5607: 5529: 5307: 5297: 4448: 4358: 4195: 2973: 2755: 1666: 1605: 1469:, gold rings and other jewels was often extremely fine; it is covered under sculpture above. 1059: 879:" from the same site probably shows an agricultural festival, and a vase from Zagros shows a 469: 6526: 8220: 7801: 7570: 7475: 7269: 7199: 7115: 6989: 6792: 6618: 6418: 6108: 5943: 5848: 5782: 5713: 5632: 5622: 5612: 5327: 4257: 3958: 3933: 3891: 3861: 3846: 2987:

Nelson, E Charles; Mavrofridis, Georgios; Anagnostopoulos, Ioannis Th (30 September 2020).

2374:, in Bietak, Manfred, "Avaris: The Palatial Precinct at the Nile Branch: Area H"; Gates, 29 1917: 1233: 734: 666: 639:

in Egypt may represent a result of a diplomatic marriage with a Minoan princess during the

491: 464: 330: 2179:

German, Senta, "Conservation vs. restoration: the Palace at Knossos (Crete)", Khan Academy

1435:

Fine chains were made from EM times, and much used. Minoan jewellers used stamps, moulds (

553:". Frescos first appear in the "Neopalatial Period", in MM IIIA, at the same time as the 8: 8588: 8443: 8028: 7944: 7913: 7791: 7754: 7555: 7441: 7288: 6961: 6647: 6633: 6239: 6162: 6040: 5960: 5938: 4972: 4681:

Soles, Jeffrey S. (2008). "Period IV: The Mycenaean Settlement and Cemetery: The Sites".

4624:

Preston, Laura (2008). "Late Minoan II to IIIB Crete". In Shelmerdine, Cynthia W. (ed.).

4295: 3486:

Preston, Laura (2008). "Late Minoan II to IIIB Crete". In Shelmerdine, Cynthia W. (ed.).

3384:

Soles, Jeffrey S. (2008). "Period IV: The Mycenaean Settlement and Cemetery: The Sites".

1810:

in metal, as they did in stone and ceramic, but none in metal are extant from Crete. The

1641: 1597:

hunt on the other face, is the largest and most spectacular, probably Cretan from LM IA.

864: 817: 565: 453: 432: 197: 194: 8522: 7766: 6300: 2130:

The Traveler's Guide to Greek Archaeology: Getting the Most from your Mediterranean Trip

294: 254:, especially the sequence of ceramic styles, have been used by archaeologists to define 8485: 8093: 8033: 7776: 7698: 7634: 7448: 7409: 7252: 7153: 7080: 6907: 6694: 6469: 6343: 6273: 6135: 6130: 5907: 5672: 5637: 5423: 5382: 5352: 5130: 4888: 4880: 4759: 4751: 4712: 4704: 3841: 3770: 3686: 3415: 3407: 3366: 3358: 3144: 3136: 3016: 2481: 1750:

Extant vessels from the Prepalatial to Neopalatial periods are almost exclusively from

1103: 1094:, their surfaces are not finished after casting, giving them what Stuart Hood calls a " 1006: 964: 896: 795: 651: 498: 391: 350: 8543: 7724: 7404: 1695:

Golden cup from a LH IIA Mycenaean grave at Vapheio, one of a pair known as the "

8213: 8166: 8136: 7996: 7866: 7781: 7771: 7436: 7419: 7293: 6912: 6875: 6846: 6799: 6662: 6608: 6598: 6588: 6479: 6157: 6069: 6059: 6046: 6035: 5698: 5627: 5602: 5558: 5367: 5135: 4991: 4928: 4905: 4892: 4849: 4835:. In Scott, Rebecca B.; Braekmans, Dennis; Carremans, Mike; Degryse, Patrick (eds.). 4814: 4783: 4716: 4694: 4657: 4637: 4610: 4595: 4578: 4541: 4523: 4505: 4485: 4458: 4440: 4267: 4151: 4073: 4063: 3883: 3633: 3608: 3565: 3544:. In Scott, Rebecca B.; Braekmans, Dennis; Carremans, Mike; Degryse, Patrick (eds.). 3499: 3447: 3419: 3397: 3317: 3243: 3218: 3193: 3168: 3148: 3020: 3008: 2761: 2134: 1948: 1850: 1751: 1379: 1378:

conform to, previous molds of production. Late Minoan art in turn influenced that of

1140: 1110:

seems to have lacked or lost some of the thinner extremities (in part now restored).

1002: 784: 593: 266: 255: 232: 38: 6450: 5870: 4763: 3370: 1333:

Pottery became more common with the building of the palaces and the potter's wheel.

8549: 8495: 8453: 8156: 7949: 7587: 7494: 7372: 7085: 7068: 7026: 7021: 7016: 6934: 6880: 6603: 6548: 6445: 6413: 6384: 6263: 6256: 6251: 6224: 6086: 6081: 5758: 5519: 5021: 4872: 4743: 4686: 4629: 4185: 4156: 3797: 3491: 3389: 3350: 3128: 3000: 1803: 1794:

Motifs on metal vessels correlate to those found on other Minoan art forms such as

1766: 1677: 1658: 1091: 1087: 1072: 1063: 1044: 1024: 799: 554: 282: 251: 8277: 4837:

39th International Symposium on Archaeometry: 28 May – 1 June 2012 Leuven, Belgium

4633: 3546:

39th International Symposium on Archaeometry: 28 May – 1 June 2012 Leuven, Belgium

3495: 8470: 8327: 8302: 8252: 8176: 8001: 7991: 7886: 7871: 7851: 7734: 7644: 7607: 7592: 7340: 7247: 7189: 7011: 7006: 6763: 6732: 6684: 6374: 6305: 6290: 6118: 6096: 6017: 5965: 5955: 5927: 5880: 5863: 5787: 5728: 5718: 5657: 5433: 5292: 5016: 5011: 4466: 4088: 4068: 4001: 3760: 3745: 3703: 3671: 1681: 1530: 1510: 1494: 1451: 1444: 1343: 1144: 1090:

a crawling baby. Despite the trouble required to make solid bronze figures with

1055: 832: 530: 510: 278: 6354: 1657:, but from the Protopalatial period (MM IB – MM IIA) they were also produced in 1288:

In the first phase of Early Minoan, the Aghious Onouphrios ware is most common.

1272:

classes. Additionally, all of the classes utilized different shapes of pottery.

341: 305:

Animals, including an unusual variety of marine fauna, are often depicted; the "

265:

The relationship of Minoan art to that of other contemporary cultures and later

8532: 8500: 8448: 8396: 8379: 8369: 8297: 7959: 7836: 7806: 7703: 7691: 7565: 7499: 7431: 7298: 7194: 6897: 6593: 6533: 6474: 6338: 6268: 5975: 5897: 5814: 5667: 5337: 5232: 5085: 5064: 5006: 4996: 4797: 4747: 4674:

Fresco from Knossos: Man, Woman, Priest, King, or Someone Else?", Chapter 4 in

4385: 4365: 4252: 4173: 3986: 3976: 3966: 3807: 3802: 3691: 3657: 3354: 3263: 2371: 1940: 1795: 1654: 1186: 1107: 968: 880: 876: 772: 259: 209: 8113: 5982: 4876: 4731: 4723:

Thomas, Nancy R., "The Early Mycenaean Lion up to Date", pp. 189–191, in

3338: 3132: 3004: 2112:

Hood, Sinclair (1985). "The Primitive Aspects of Minoan Artistic Convention".

655:

Relief fresco of a bull's head, part of a much larger scene, from Knossos, AMH

8582: 8433: 8401: 8262: 8257: 8240: 8068: 8063: 8048: 8023: 8013: 7964: 7624: 7602: 7533: 7399: 7228: 7131: 7107: 7090: 7058: 7043: 6824: 6814: 6809: 6713: 6462: 6423: 6362: 6188: 6145: 5914: 5843: 5775: 5617: 5595: 5511: 5428: 5392: 5372: 5357: 5322: 5171: 4587: 4380: 4220: 4208: 4083: 4025: 3996: 3991: 3946: 3909: 3785: 3755: 3725: 3052: 3012: 1744: 1428: 1423: 1399: 1289: 1248: 1237: 1172: 1083:

shows two model animals being carried to an altar, as part of funeral rites.

1067: 978: 875:

may (or may not) be the most detailed representation of a Minoan ruler, the "

621: 605: 490:, the first archaeologist to excavate Minoan Knossos, hired the Swiss artist 270: 236: 228: 213: 7918: 7063: 6725: 8512: 8465: 8421: 8411: 8374: 8344: 8307: 8282: 8272: 8235: 8078: 7861: 7729: 7453: 7382: 7179: 7102: 6853: 6804: 6708: 6689: 6657: 6554: 6494: 6489: 6234: 6054: 5892: 5750: 5733: 5693: 5688: 5642: 5580: 5454: 5438: 5342: 5257: 5237: 5090: 5080: 5001: 4708: 4565: 4370: 4353: 4343: 4320: 4225: 4215: 4190: 4093: 4058: 4043: 4038: 4018: 3916: 3681: 3411: 1780: 1779:. Precious metal vessels were ornamented with repoussé, ornamental rivets, 1728: 1526: 1466: 1383: 1371: 1334: 1313: 1269: 1256: 1076: 1010: 998: 990: 986: 974: 936: 872: 821: 813: 487: 306: 274: 221: 205: 25: 8507: 6368: 4375: 2795: 1440: 1236:

class. The dark burnished class most closely mimics the techniques of the

1039:

when used in sculpture) as Minoan pottery, but also in the heated crushed

8428: 8391: 8332: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8146: 8141: 8083: 7986: 7923: 7876: 7816: 7786: 7708: 7550: 7388: 7377: 7350: 7320: 7184: 7158: 7075: 6996: 6984: 6939: 6929: 6924: 6902: 6863: 6699: 6674: 6559: 6521: 6428: 6396: 6348: 6076: 6004: 5797: 5738: 5652: 5590: 5550: 5332: 5252: 5227: 4570: 4348: 4325: 4315: 4305: 4242: 4110: 3926: 3899: 3876: 3871: 3856: 3851: 3775: 3735: 3676: 2989:"Natural History of a Bronze Age Jewel Found in Crete: The Malia Pendant" 1811: 1724: 1601: 1600:

Shields, helmets and by the end of the period a certain amount of bronze

1279:

Vasiliki Ware in the characteristic "teapot" shape, vasiliki, EM IIB, AMH

1032: 375: 204:, and in later periods came for a time to have a dominant influence over 4884: 4839:. Leuven: Centre for Archaeological Sciences, KU Leuven. pp. 81–85. 4690: 4683:

Mochlos IIA: Period IV: The Mycenaean Settlement and Cemetery: The Sites

3548:. Leuven: Centre for Archaeological Sciences, KU Leuven. pp. 81–85. 3393: 3386:

Mochlos IIA: Period IV: The Mycenaean Settlement and Cemetery: The Sites

3140: 2015: 8475: 8287: 8247: 8193: 8161: 8053: 7891: 7846: 7739: 7545: 7355: 7223: 6944: 6746: 6538: 6379: 6167: 5933: 5838: 5802: 5792: 5770: 5575: 5563: 5515: 5267: 5211: 5140: 4755: 4262: 4161: 4122: 4098: 4053: 4048: 3941: 3921: 3750: 3696: 3362: 1845: 1732: 1554: 1265: 1036: 900: 845: 809: 546: 201: 191: 4941: 474:

there are many others, both from Crete itself and related Aegean sites

21: 8537: 8527: 8490: 8322: 8312: 8292: 8118: 8088: 7821: 7744: 7163: 6949: 6786: 6543: 6244: 6193: 6091: 5902: 5708: 5679: 5242: 5191: 5166: 5145: 4290: 4272: 4237: 4166: 4127: 4078: 3951: 3708: 2566:"The Ring of Theseus", Unseen Museum, 12 January 2015 – 15 March 2015 1685: 1299: 1213: 1047:, evidently a more expensive material. This was used for the unique 1013:, probably made in the Late Minoan, but found in a Mycenean context. 951: 776: 686: 632: 445: 302:

has been argued to be a bedroom, with remains of a bed, or a shrine.

5510: 4471:

Chapin, Anne P., "Power, Privilege and Landscape in Minoan Art", in

2478:

German, Senta, "Statuette of a Male Figure (The Palaikastro Kouros)"

8517: 8438: 8386: 8317: 8230: 8151: 8103: 7969: 7954: 7811: 7749: 7681: 7575: 7560: 7234: 7148: 7138: 7126: 6870: 6333: 6030: 5970: 5418: 5413: 5347: 5272: 5262: 5176: 5105: 5049: 4247: 4137: 4132: 4117: 3981: 1637: 1625: 1244: 1205: 860: 856: 788: 597: 584:, applied to wet and dry plaster respectively, were used at times. 542: 250:, on the northern coast of Crete. Minoan art and other remnants of 4921:"Metal Vessels in Bronze Age Europe and the Context of Vulchetrun" 3310:"Metal Vessels in Bronze Age Europe and the Context of Vulchetrun" 1653:

earlier periods. The earliest were probably made exclusively from

1159:

Ivory bull-leaper, "Ivory Deposit" at Knossos, prob. MM IIIB, AMH.

317: 7856: 7659: 7597: 7414: 7313: 7053: 6780: 6613: 6219: 5819: 5703: 5201: 5196: 5181: 5120: 5100: 5095: 5044: 4437:

Confronting the Classics: Traditions, Adventures, and Innovations

4300: 4008: 3812: 3780: 3715: 1709: 1624:

Gifts from the "Keftiu" (Cretans), copy of fresco in the Tomb of

1594: 1294: 1099: 920: 628: 573: 441: 322: 310: 247: 6775: 4554:

Gates, Charles, "Pictorial Imagery in Minoan Wall Painting", in

2986: 1544:

LM gold earrings (with granulated cones), necklaces and pin, AMH

767: 8480: 8339: 7831: 7761: 7330: 7242: 7097: 6328: 5206: 5125: 5115: 5059: 3790: 3720: 2081:

German, Senta, "Bull-leaping fresco from the palace of Knossos"

1807: 1799: 1788: 1713: 1696: 1670: 1662: 1582: 1564: 1459: 1455: 1415: 1407: 1362: 1201: 1123: 1114: 1040: 994: 916: 852: 840: 804: 660: 569: 561: 217: 4923:. In Best, Jan Gijsbert Pieter; De Vries, Manny M. W. (eds.). 3312:. In Best, Jan Gijsbert Pieter; De Vries, Manny M. W. (eds.). 1031:

Small ceramic sculptures were very common, mostly in the same

6564: 5247: 1784: 1771: 1717: 1688:

or by Mycenaean smiths who had trained under Minoan masters.

1322: 1209: 1118: 1095: 601: 589: 538: 456:. Other well-known sections are the female fragment known as 4811:

The Manufacture of Minoan Metal Vessels: Theory and Practice

3190:

The Manufacture of Minoan Metal Vessels: Theory and Practice

1921:, and a figure in a chariot overlooking a crowd in a fresco. 1098:

look resulting from this neglect of finish". Many also have

8416: 7218: 4628:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 310–326. 1609: 550: 3388:. Vol. 23. INSTAP Academic Press. pp. 143, 155. 2484:

at the Odysseus portal of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture

620:

sometimes with white (more common in Akrotiri), but later

8407:

Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation

1676:

The Minoan metal vessel tradition influenced that of the

1102:

defects in places; for example the famous and impressive

4732:"A Survey of Evidence for Feasting in Mycenaean Society" 3339:"A Survey of Evidence for Feasting in Mycenaean Society" 1058:, as all over the Near East, and have been found in the 242:

The largest and best collection of Minoan art is in the

919:

in the form of a bulls head, Knossos, LM I or II. The

738:

from Knossos, a very controversial reconstruction, AMH

624:

became a popular background, until the latest periods.

3490:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 311. 954:

triton shell-shaped rhyton, Knossos, 1650-1550 BC, AMH

720:

The same fragments (to right), restored with monkeys.

564:

set at eye level and some 70–80 cm high above a

3562:

Minoan Crafts: Tools and Techniques: An Introduction

1757:

Minoan metal vessels were generally manufactured by

708:, Evan's restoration with boy, AMH, probably MM III. 1939:eg Hood, 53, 55, 58, 110, and Chapin, 58 note 76; 1673:, bowls, pitchers, basins, cups, ladles and lamps. 1493:MM III gold earring with dogs, monkeys and birds, 1232:One of the earliest styles in EM I was the Coarse 227:It was influenced by the neighbouring cultures of 4902:Die Bronzegefässe der kretisch-mykenischen Kultur 3240:Die Bronzegefässe der kretisch-mykenischen Kultur 3100:Hood, 175–181; Thomas, 179–182; Dickinson, 99–100 1761:sheet metal, although some vessels may have been 1462:, but regarded as Cretan work from MM III to LM. 8580: 4846:The Vapheio Cups and Aegean Gold and Silver Ware 4626:The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age 4538:Mycenaean Pottery I: Analysis and Classification 3605:Mycenaean Pottery I: Analysis and Classification 3488:The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age 3289:This paragraph is paraphrased from Clarke, 35–36 3215:The Vapheio Cups and Aegean Gold and Silver Ware 1450:Apart from the large collection in the AMH, the 1443:was used, initially with shaped gems, but later 505:, then capital of Santorini, which included the 495:usually appear in "landscape" fresco scenes. 4594:, 1978, Penguin (Penguin/Yale History of Art), 2899:. Princeton University Press. pp. 144–149. 2050:Hood, 49–50, 235–236; Chapin, 47 and throughout 1558:Dagger with gold hilt and bronze blade, MM, AMH 646: 4918: 3307: 635:in Israel are further sites. The high quality 608:) and green (yellow and blue mixed together). 537:psychological impact". Many centuries later, 468:(mostly restored), both from Knossos, and the 269:has been much discussed. It clearly dominated 5496: 4957: 4407: 2824:. Princeton University Press. pp. 35–38. 1079:which includes some human-headed types. The 549:reigned ... he that held converse with great 4540:(Reprint 1941 ed.). Stockholm: Åström. 4478:Charis: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Immerwahr 3607:(Reprint 1941 ed.). Stockholm: Åström. 1589:. An alternative name for the technique is 4927:. Leiden: Brill Archive. pp. 106–134. 3316:. Leiden: Brill Archive. pp. 106–107. 997:; it is gold, with a bull-leaping scene in 5503: 5489: 4964: 4950: 4919:Sherratt, Andrew; Taylor, Timothy (1989). 4865:The Annual of the British School at Athens 4414: 4400: 3308:Sherratt, Andrew; Taylor, Timothy (1989). 3121:The Annual of the British School at Athens 2894: 2846: 2819: 2780: 2738: 2723: 2177:Shaw, 65–68 and throughout; Beard, 17-21; 1509:Some of 54 plaques for sewing to clothes, 816:tooth covered with gold foil, the head of 4862: 4802:Cypriot Bronzework in the Mycenaean World 3268:Cypriot Bronzework in the Mycenaean World 3118: 3051:Hood, 195–197; very likely also from the 2851:. Princeton University Press. p. 64. 2753: 2690: 2165:"Historic Images of the Greek Bronze Age" 754:(full image above) marine landscape from 678:sometimes the wider landscape (as in the 462:(from the "Camp Stool Fresco"), and the 4899: 4535: 3602: 3237: 2243:Chapin, 47–49; Hood, 47–49; Gates, 33–34 1690: 1631: 1628:, the Egyptian vizier, c. 1479 –1425 BC. 1619: 1569: 1553: 1393: 1356: 1312: 1274: 1190: 1015: 958: 826: 766: 650: 610: 515: 478: 427: 340: 316: 20: 4971: 4796: 4777: 4685:. Vol. 23. INSTAP Academic Press. 4623: 4499: 3627: 3485: 3441: 3270:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 187. 3262: 2861: 1844:This chronology of Minoan Crete is the 345:"Ship Procession" fresco, from Akrotiri 16:Art produced by the Minoan civilization 8581: 8184:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art 4827: 4808: 4729: 4604: 3564:. Jonsered: Paul Åström. p. 382. 3536: 3336: 3192:. Uppsala: Åströms Förlag. p. 1. 3187: 2834: 2807: 2252:Chapin, 54, summarizing Sara Immerwahl 1701:National Archaeological Museum, Athens 1587:National Archaeological Museum, Athens 1576:National Archaeological Museum, Athens 6204:Art of the late 16th century in Milan 5484: 4945: 4843: 4680: 4650: 3559: 3383: 3212: 3161: 2126: 2114:Bulletin de Correspondence Héllenique 1945:Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical 288: 4522:, 1994, Cambridge University Press, 2754:Castleden, Rodney (4 January 2002). 2111: 2013: 1606:Mycenaean helmets were often covered 1481:EM pieces from graves at Moclos, AMH 851:The most elaborate palace vases are 4484:(Princeton, N.J.) 33, 2004, ASCSA, 2448:German, Senta, "The Harvester Vase" 2127:Smith, Gregory A. (8 August 2014). 1418:pins survive. The Minoans mastered 418:Worshipping couple, terracotta, AMH 13: 7539:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism 6390:Neoclassical architecture in Milan 5363:Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Dab'a 3091:Thomas, 178–182; Dickinson, 99–100 1283: 1195:Aghious Onouphrios ware, EM I, AMH 659:A different type of fresco is the 406:Bull-leaping on a gold signet ring 390:Octopus on an anchor or weight in 14: 8605: 7613:American Figurative Expressionism 5949:International Gothic art in Italy 4782:. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 70–81. 4455:Minoans: Life in Bronze Age Crete 2866:. Thames and Hudson. p. 103. 2757:Minoans: Life in Bronze Age Crete 2583:University of Cincinnati Magazine 1833:German, Senta, "Kamares Ware Jug" 1612:tusk, and had plumes at the top. 1574:Blade of the "Lion Hunt Dagger", 637:Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Daba 41:, Early, Middle and Late periods 8563: 8562: 7122:Neue Künstlervereinigung München 3621: 3596: 3587: 3578: 3552: 3530: 3521: 3512: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3435: 3426: 3377: 3330: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3274: 3256: 3231: 3206: 3181: 3155: 3112: 3103: 3094: 3085: 3076: 3067: 3058: 3045: 3036: 3027: 2980: 2966: 2957: 2948: 2939: 2930: 2568:, National Archaeological Museum 1947:, 23, Harvard University Press, 1615: 1537: 1518: 1502: 1486: 1474: 1402:with bees, MM IIA or IIIA, AMH. 1164: 1152: 1132: 1113:Other small sculptures, many in 944: 928: 908: 888: 743: 725: 713: 697: 615:Blue monkey fresco from Akrotiri 411: 399: 383: 367: 8044:Tunisian collaborative painting 7517:International Typographic Style 5465:Archaeological Museum of Chania 5460:Heraklion Archaeological Museum 5388:Papoura Hill Circular Structure 4605:Pedley, John Griffiths (2012). 2921: 2912: 2903: 2888: 2879: 2870: 2855: 2840: 2828: 2813: 2801: 2789: 2774: 2747: 2732: 2717: 2708: 2699: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2648: 2639: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2595: 2571: 2559: 2550: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2514: 2505: 2496: 2487: 2471: 2462: 2453: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2395: 2386: 2377: 2365: 2356: 2347: 2338: 2329: 2320: 2311: 2302: 2293: 2284: 2275: 2264: 2255: 2246: 2237: 2228: 2219: 2210: 2201: 2192: 2183: 2171: 2157: 2148: 2120: 2104: 2095: 2086: 2074: 2062: 2053: 2044: 2035: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1971: 1962: 1933: 1924: 1646:Heraklion Archaeological Museum 1319:Heraklion Archaeological Museum 985:Later, some are extremely fine 935:The stone "Chieftain Cup" from 798:is an all but unique find of a 244:Heraklion Archaeological Museum 7797:The Caribbean Artists Movement 5470:Archaeological Museum of Sitia 4592:The Arts in Prehistoric Greece 4457:, 2002, Taylor & Francis, 2028:Images of Women in Ancient Art 1909: 1900: 1891: 1882: 1873: 1864: 1855: 1838: 1826: 1787:of other precious metals or a 1023:, Knossos, 1650-1550 BC, AMH, 501:excavated the ancient site at 1: 6153:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance 4809:Clarke, Christina F. (2013). 4634:10.1017/CCOL9780521814447.014 3649: 3558:Catling, 174; Matthäus, 329; 3496:10.1017/CCOL9780521814447.014 3446:. Oxford: Oxbow. p. 74. 3188:Clarke, Christina F. (2013). 2897:The History of Minoan Pottery 2849:The History of Minoan Pottery 2822:The History of Minoan Pottery 2796:Minoan settlement of Vasiliki 2630:"The Agia Triada sarcophagus" 2069:German, Senta, "Octopus vase" 2014:Witcombe, Christopher L.C.E. 1846:one used by Andonis Vasilakis 1260:the styles' dark background. 1227: 8268:Modern European ink painting 7640:Bay Area Figurative Movement 5378:Minoan Moulds of Palaikastro 1389: 762: 647:Relief and miniature frescos 7: 7929:Artificial intelligence art 4813:. Uppsala: Åströms Förlag. 4500:Crowley, Janice L. (1989). 3628:Crowley, Janice L. (1989). 2895:Betancourt, Philip (1985). 2847:Betancourt, Philip (1985). 2820:Betancourt, Philip (1985). 2781:Betancourt, Philip (2009). 2739:Betancourt, Philip (2009). 2724:Betancourt, Philip (2009). 2693:Minoans: Life in Bronze Age 2372:"The Minoan Wall-paintings" 1783:, bi-metallic overlays and 1741:Egyptian Eighteenth Dynasty 1640:House A, dated LM IB ( 1437:some stone examples survive 1370:varied. The Floral Style, 1352: 1328: 1222:Ancient Greek vase painting 835:of bulls, Postpalatial, AMH 641:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt 423: 190:is the art produced by the 10: 8610: 7842:Post-painterly abstraction 7665:Situationist International 7039:Pennsylvania Impressionism 4900:Matthäus, Hartmut (1980). 4828:Clarke, Christina (2014). 4804:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 4748:10.2972/hesp.2004.73.2.133 4562:"Hagia Triada sarcophagus" 4518:Dickinson, Oliver et al., 3537:Clarke, Christina (2014). 3355:10.2972/hesp.2004.73.2.133 3238:Matthäus, Hartmut (1980). 2862:Higgins, Reynolds (1985). 2691:Castleden, Rodney (1993). 2645:Hood, 112–114, 114 quoted. 2579:"Unearthing a masterpiece" 1739:and their depiction in an 1549: 1529:inlaid, much now missing, 1184: 1180: 750:Detail of the town in the 670:(AMH) are of this type. 545:speaks of "Knossos, where 8558: 8362: 8127: 7937: 7717: 7509: 7493: 7425:California Scene Painting 7304:California Scene Painting 7260:Figurative Constructivism 7172: 6977: 6756: 6745: 6575: 6512: 6405: 6321: 6311:Poussinists and Rubenists 6212: 6016: 5749: 5549: 5540: 5527: 5447: 5406: 5285: 5220: 5154: 5073: 5037: 5030: 4979: 4877:10.1017/S0068245400016488 4848:. New York: Garland Pub. 4730:Wright, James C. (2004). 4607:Greek Art and Archaeology 4435:, "Builder of Ruins", in 3337:Wright, James C. (2004). 3217:. New York: Garland Pub. 3133:10.1017/S0068245400016488 3064:Hood, 173–175, 175 quoted 3005:10.1017/S0003581520000475 2728:. INSTAP. pp. 44–47. 2695:. Routledge. p. 106. 2271:Odyessey, Book XIX, 172-9 1009:is an exceptionally fine 150: 111: 88: 51: 37:One quick version of the 8523:Prehistoric European art 8172:Contemporary African art 7655:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai 7583:Generación de la Ruptura 7210:Universal Constructivism 7002:California Impressionism 6957:American Barbizon school 5303:Hagia Triada Sarcophagus 4844:Davis, Ellen N. (1977). 4496:, see individual authors 3213:Davis, Ellen N. (1977). 2864:Minoan and Mycenaean Art 2261:Chapin, 59-61, 61 quoted 2225:Honour & Fleming, 53 2004:Chapin, 54-58, 58 quoted 1861:Honour & Fleming, 53 1820: 1081:Hagia Triada sarcophagus 1075:; there is a group from 1021:"Snake Goddess" figurine 903:from a shrine to survive 808:) that may have been a 690:Hagia Triada sarcophagus 222:intricately-carved seals 8350:Walking Artists Network 7687:Letterist International 7527:Washington Color School 6441:Arts in the Philippines 5398:Wall Paintings of Thera 5313:Snake goddess figurines 4536:Furumark, Arne (1972). 3603:Furumark, Arne (1972). 2993:The Antiquaries Journal 1661:and, subsequently, tin 1255:Another EM I class was 1049:snake goddess figurines 923:-wood horns are modern. 812:. The body is made of 507:Wall Paintings of Thera 433:The Bull-leaping fresco 374:Marine Style vase from 281:after the collapse of 8461:Illuminated manuscript 8109:The Designers Republic 8059:Neue Slowenische Kunst 7982:Pattern and Decoration 7882:Institutional critique 7522:Abstract expressionism 6502:Latin American Baroque 6458:Colonial Asian Baroque 5318:La Parisienne (fresco) 4904:. München: C.H. Beck. 4575:A World History of Art 3836:Art of the Middle East 3560:Evely, R.D.G. (2000). 3242:. München: C.H. Beck. 2634:Ancient World Magazine 2482:The Palaikastro Kouros 2198:Hood, 48–49; Beard, 20 2016:"Minoan Snake Goddess" 1704: 1649: 1629: 1578: 1559: 1422:, as indicated by the 1403: 1366: 1325: 1280: 1196: 1028: 971: 836: 791:and brightly painted. 780: 656: 631:in modern Turkey, and 616: 525: 484: 436: 358:miniature fresco from 346: 326: 33: 8099:Artist-run initiative 8074:Young British Artists 8039:New European Painting 7975:Moscow Conceptualists 7897:Feminist art movement 7675:Ukrainian underground 7650:Gutai Art Association 7049:Ten American Painters 6553:Western influence in 5530:List of art movements 5308:Horns of Consecration 5298:Akrotiri Boxer Fresco 4670:Shaw, Maria C., "The 4520:The Aegean Bronze Age 3959:Art of Southeast Asia 3666:Periods and movements 2974:"Greek Jewelry – AJU" 2785:. INSTAP. p. 56. 2783:The Bronze Age Begins 2743:. INSTAP. p. 43. 2741:The Bronze Age Begins 2726:The Bronze Age Begins 2234:Chapin, 48; Gates, 34 1957:online at archive.org 1694: 1667:archaeological record 1636:Bronze cauldron from 1635: 1623: 1573: 1557: 1397: 1360: 1316: 1278: 1194: 1060:sacred caves of Crete 1019: 962: 830: 802:statuette of a male ( 770: 654: 614: 519: 482: 470:Akrotiri Boxer Fresco 431: 344: 320: 256:the three main phases 157:Final Palace Period) 32:, MM IA (c. 2000 BC). 24: 7909:Saqqakhaneh movement 7802:Chicano art movement 7670:Soviet Nonconformist 7476:Boston Expressionism 7459:Abstraction-Création 7277:Arbeitsrat für Kunst 7270:Cologne Progressives 6990:Art Nouveau in Milan 6793:Anglo-Japanese style 6769:National romanticism 6199:Fontainebleau School 6109:Northern Renaissance 5944:International Gothic 5328:Prince of the Lilies 5286:Art and Architecture 4504:. Göteborg: Åström. 3632:. Göteborg: Åström. 2026:essay originally in 1918:Prince of the Lilies 1777:repoussé and chasing 1752:destruction contexts 1525:Gold knot ring with 1365:, painted terracotta 735:Prince of the Lilies 667:Prince of the Lilies 465:Prince of the Lilies 331:Ancient Egyptian art 116:(New Palace Period) 93:(Old Palace Period) 8594:Minoan civilization 8444:Hierarchy of genres 8009:Saint Soleil School 7945:Post-conceptual art 7914:The Stars Art Group 7792:Black Arts Movement 7755:Neo-Dada Organizers 7556:Lyrical abstraction 7289:Australian tonalism 6962:California Tonalism 6634:Hudson River School 6437:Colonial Asian art 6177:English Renaissance 6126:Ghent–Bruges school 6114:Early Netherlandish 6026:Italian Renaissance 5939:Gothic art in Milan 4973:Minoan civilization 4691:10.2307/j.ctt3fgw67 4453:Castleden, Rodney, 4439:, 2013, Liveright, 4145:Art of the Americas 3884:Art of Central Asia 3394:10.2307/j.ctt3fgw67 2909:Hood, 31, 33, 36–38 2290:Hood, 48; Gates, 27 2116:. Suppl. 11: 21–26. 1465:Figurative work on 1247:Onouphrios and the 454:bull-leaping fresco 214:palace architecture 198:Minoan civilization 42: 8486:Landscape painting 8094:New Leipzig School 8034:Neo-conceptual art 7782:Art & Language 7777:Capitalist realism 7699:Florida Highwaymen 7635:Hard-edge painting 7449:Streamline Moderne 7410:Harlem Renaissance 7253:Novecento Italiano 7081:Deutscher Werkbund 6908:Post-Impressionism 6470:Latin American art 6274:Guild of Romanists 6136:German Renaissance 6131:Northern Mannerism 5434:Arkalochori script 5424:Cretan hieroglyphs 5383:Minoan Bull-leaper 5353:Knossos board game 4798:Catling, Hector W. 4573:and John Fleming, 3771:Post-Impressionism 3264:Catling, Hector W. 2628:Brouwers, Josho, 2110:Hood, 235 quoted; 1897:Hood, 17–18, 23–24 1851:Minoan chronology 1705: 1650: 1642:Neopalatial period 1630: 1579: 1560: 1404: 1367: 1326: 1281: 1197: 1043:material known as 1029: 1007:Pylos Combat Agate 972: 899:, the only Minoan 897:Palaikastro Kouros 837: 796:Palaikastro Kouros 781: 771:The (incomplete) " 657: 617: 526: 499:Spyridon Marinatos 485: 437: 435:from Knossos, AMH. 351:landscape painting 347: 327: 289:Subjects and style 36: 34: 8576: 8575: 8358: 8357: 8214:Corporate Memphis 8167:Classical Realism 8137:Amazonian pop art 8029:Appropriation art 7997:Neo-expressionism 7867:Environmental art 7772:Nouvelle tendance 7489: 7488: 7437:Socialist realism 7294:Dresden Secession 6913:Neo-Impressionism 6876:Decadent movement 6847:Heidelberg School 6741: 6740: 6639:American luminism 6624:Düsseldorf School 6619:Shoreham Ancients 6609:Nazarene movement 6599:Danish Golden Age 6480:Indochristian art 6158:Antwerp Mannerism 6047:Pittura infamante 6041:Florentine School 6036:Proto-Renaissance 5478: 5477: 5368:Malia altar stone 5281: 5280: 4992:Minoan chronology 4911:978-3-406-04002-3 4855:978-0-8240-2681-3 4820:978-91-7081-249-1 4789:978-1-84217-019-9 4700:978-1-931534-23-9 4663:978-1-935488-11-8 4643:978-1-139-00189-2 4616:978-0-205-00133-0 4609:. Prentice Hall. 4530:, 9780521456647, 4492:, 9780876615331, 4424: 4423: 3934:Art of South Asia 3527:Matthäus, 326–327 3505:978-1-139-00189-2 3453:978-1-84217-019-9 3403:978-1-931534-23-9 3298:Matthäus, 343–344 3249:978-3-406-04002-3 3224:978-0-8240-2681-3 3199:978-91-7081-249-1 3174:978-1-935488-11-8 2767:978-1-134-88063-8 2140:978-1-4602-4789-1 1995:Hood, 56, 233–235 1791:-type substance. 1678:Mycenaean culture 1317:Kamares vases in 1147:, British Museum. 1141:Master of Animals 1104:bull-leaper group 1073:animal sacrifices 965:bull-leaper group 939:, MM III or LM I. 785:Ancient Greek art 267:Ancient Greek art 233:ancient Near East 185: 184: 39:Minoan chronology 8601: 8566: 8565: 8550:Western painting 8496:Modern sculpture 8454:History painting 8157:Art intervention 7950:Installation art 7767:Nouveau réalisme 7507: 7506: 7481:Leningrad School 7373:Mexican muralism 7346:Grosvenor School 7086:American Realism 7069:Der Blaue Reiter 7027:Berlin Secession 7022:Vienna Secession 7017:Munich Secession 6935:Pont-Aven School 6754: 6753: 6604:Troubadour style 6582:(c. 1770 – 1862) 6549:Qing handicrafts 6515:Western elements 6446:Letras y figuras 6419:African-American 6414:African diaspora 6385:Directoire style 6296:Heptanese school 6279:Dutch Golden Age 6264:Stroganov School 6257:Lutheran Baroque 6252:Louis XIII style 6225:Baroque in Milan 6087:Bolognese School 6082:High Renaissance 6065:Forlivese School 6060:Ferrarese School 5783:Migration Period 5547: 5546: 5505: 5498: 5491: 5482: 5481: 5035: 5034: 5022:Peak sanctuaries 4966: 4959: 4952: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4915: 4896: 4859: 4840: 4834: 4824: 4805: 4793: 4767: 4720: 4667: 4647: 4620: 4551: 4515: 4416: 4409: 4402: 3892:Art of East Asia 3654: 3653: 3644: 3643: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3585: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3543: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3519: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3483: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3459: 3457: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3116: 3110: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3025: 3024: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2937: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2919: 2916: 2910: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2817: 2811: 2810:, pp. 36–37 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2706: 2705:Hood, 34, 42, 43 2703: 2697: 2696: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2637: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2475: 2469: 2468:Hood, 95–96, 238 2466: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2402: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2384: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2345: 2342: 2336: 2335:Hood, 54–56, 238 2333: 2327: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2300: 2297: 2291: 2288: 2282: 2281:Gates, 33, 40–41 2279: 2273: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2161: 2155: 2152: 2146: 2144: 2133:. FriesenPress. 2124: 2118: 2117: 2108: 2102: 2099: 2093: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2033: 2031: 2023: 2022: 2011: 2005: 2002: 1996: 1993: 1987: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1937: 1931: 1930:Gates, 33–34, 41 1928: 1922: 1913: 1907: 1904: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1871: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1853: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1659:arsenical bronze 1541: 1522: 1513:, British Museum 1506: 1497:, British Museum 1490: 1478: 1208:, curved lines, 1168: 1156: 1136: 1092:lost wax casting 1088:Ashmolean Museum 1064:peak sanctuaries 1056:votive offerings 1045:Egyptian faience 1025:Egyptian faience 948: 932: 912: 892: 833:votive offerings 800:chryselephantine 747: 729: 717: 706:Saffron Gatherer 701: 555:peak sanctuaries 415: 403: 387: 371: 283:Mycenaean Greece 252:material culture 43: 35: 8609: 8608: 8604: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8598: 8579: 8578: 8577: 8572: 8554: 8471:Interactive art 8354: 8328:SoFlo Superflat 8253:Kitsch movement 8177:Africanfuturism 8129: 8123: 8002:Transavantgarde 7933: 7887:Light and Space 7872:Performance art 7852:Psychedelic art 7735:Nueva Presencia 7725:Otra Figuración 7713: 7645:Les Plasticiens 7630:New York School 7608:Action painting 7593:Metcalf Chateau 7502: 7497: 7485: 7405:Cercle et Carré 7341:New Objectivity 7248:Return to order 7190:School of Paris 7168: 7012:School of Paris 6973: 6859:Arts and Crafts 6764:Neo-romanticism 6749: 6737: 6733:Etching revival 6685:Barbizon school 6629:Pre-Raphaelites 6581: 6578: 6571: 6514: 6508: 6401: 6375:Louis XVI style 6317: 6306:Louis XIV style 6269:Animal painting 6230:Flemish Baroque 6208: 6119:World landscape 6070:Venetian School 6012: 5999:Majorcan school 5966:Novgorod School 5956:Lucchese School 5928:Opus Anglicanum 5920:Norman-Sicilian 5864:Italo-Byzantine 5764:Early Christian 5745: 5729:Pompeian Styles 5542: 5536: 5523: 5509: 5479: 5474: 5443: 5402: 5293:Aegina Treasure 5277: 5216: 5150: 5069: 5026: 5017:Minoan eruption 5012:Minoan religion 4975: 4970: 4935: 4912: 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8510: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8501:Late modernism 8498: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8449:Genre painting 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8425: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8399: 8397:Ballets Russes 8394: 8389: 8384: 8383: 8382: 8380:Asemic writing 8372: 8370:History of art 8366: 8364: 8363:Related topics 8360: 8359: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8330: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8298:Relational art 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8244: 8243: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8221:Hypermodernism 8218: 8217: 8216: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8133: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8005: 8004: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7978: 7977: 7967: 7962: 7960:Postminimalism 7957: 7952: 7947: 7941: 7939: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7837:Generative art 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7807:Conceptual art 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7758: 7757: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7721: 7719: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7706: 7704:Cybernetic art 7701: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7692:Ultra-Lettrist 7689: 7679: 7678: 7677: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7621: 7620: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7566:Arte Informale 7563: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7519: 7513: 7511: 7504: 7503:(1945–present) 7491: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7451: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7432:Heroic realism 7429: 7428: 7427: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7369: 7368: 7366:Latin American 7363: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7336:Group of Seven 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7306: 7301: 7299:Social realism 7296: 7291: 7286: 7285: 7284: 7282:November Group 7274: 7273: 7272: 7267: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7245: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7215: 7214: 7213: 7212: 7205:Latin American 7200:Constructivism 7197: 7195:Crystal Cubism 7192: 7187: 7182: 7176: 7174: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7124: 7119: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7105: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7066: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7035: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6981: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6905: 6900: 6898:Volcano School 6895: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6867: 6866: 6856: 6851: 6850: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6760: 6758: 6751: 6743: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6692: 6687: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6660: 6655: 6653:Norwich School 6650: 6645: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6641: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6594:Fairy painting 6585: 6583: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6562: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6518: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6485:Chilote School 6477: 6475:Casta painting 6467: 6466: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6451:Tipos del País 6448: 6435: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6421: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6339:Louis XV style 6336: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6308: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6242: 6232: 6227: 6216: 6214: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6185: 6184: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6150: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6141:Cologne School 6133: 6128: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6043: 6038: 6022: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6008: 6001: 5996: 5994:Italian school 5985: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5976:Sienese School 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5931: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5895: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5886:Pre-Romanesque 5883: 5878: 5868: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5841: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5822: 5817: 5815:Donor portrait 5812: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5755: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5724:Julio-Claudian 5721: 5716: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5676: 5675: 5673:Greco-Buddhist 5665: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5613:Protogeometric 5610: 5600: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5573: 5568: 5567: 5566: 5555: 5553: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5508: 5507: 5500: 5493: 5485: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5338:Harvester Vase 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5041: 5039: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5007:Minoan palaces 5004: 4999: 4997:Minoan pottery 4994: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4969: 4968: 4961: 4954: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4933: 4916: 4910: 4897: 4860: 4854: 4841: 4825: 4819: 4806: 4794: 4788: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4768: 4742:(2): 133–178. 4727: 4721: 4699: 4678: 4668: 4662: 4648: 4642: 4621: 4615: 4602: 4588:Hood, Sinclair 4585: 4568: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4533: 4516: 4510: 4497: 4475: 4469: 4451: 4447:, 0871407167, 4429: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4411: 4404: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4361: 4351: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4218: 4212: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4174:Art of Oceania 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4005: 4004: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3712: 3711: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3687:Pre-Romanesque 3679: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3658:History of art 3651: 3648: 3646: 3645: 3638: 3620: 3613: 3595: 3586: 3584:Davis, 331–332 3577: 3570: 3551: 3529: 3520: 3511: 3504: 3478: 3469: 3460: 3452: 3434: 3425: 3402: 3376: 3349:(2): 137–145. 3329: 3322: 3300: 3291: 3282: 3280:Davis, 328–352 3273: 3255: 3248: 3230: 3223: 3205: 3198: 3180: 3173: 3154: 3111: 3102: 3093: 3084: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3044: 3035: 3026: 2979: 2965: 2956: 2947: 2938: 2929: 2920: 2911: 2902: 2887: 2878: 2869: 2854: 2839: 2827: 2812: 2800: 2788: 2773: 2766: 2746: 2731: 2716: 2707: 2698: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2656: 2647: 2638: 2636:, October 2019 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2570: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2522: 2513: 2504: 2495: 2486: 2480:Khan Academy; 2470: 2461: 2452: 2450:, Khan Academy 2439: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2364: 2355: 2346: 2337: 2328: 2319: 2310: 2301: 2292: 2283: 2274: 2263: 2254: 2245: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2207:Chapin, 47, 54 2200: 2191: 2182: 2170: 2156: 2147: 2139: 2119: 2103: 2094: 2085: 2083:, Khan Academy 2073: 2061: 2052: 2043: 2034: 2006: 1997: 1988: 1979: 1970: 1961: 1932: 1923: 1908: 1899: 1890: 1881: 1872: 1863: 1854: 1837: 1835:, Khan Academy 1824: 1822: 1819: 1812:iconographical 1737:Grave Circle A 1617: 1614: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1536: 1534: 1524: 1517: 1515: 1508: 1501: 1499: 1492: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1473: 1391: 1388: 1354: 1351: 1330: 1327: 1285: 1282: 1234:Dark Burnished 1229: 1226: 1187:Minoan pottery 1185:Main article: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1170: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1151: 1149: 1138: 1131: 1108:British Museum 979:Cylinder seals 969:British Museum 957: 956: 950: 943: 941: 934: 927: 925: 914: 907: 905: 894: 887: 881:peak sanctuary 877:Harvester Vase 773:Harvester Vase 764: 761: 760: 759: 752:Sea Procession 749: 742: 740: 732:the so-called 731: 724: 722: 719: 712: 710: 703: 696: 685:The very late 648: 645: 425: 422: 421: 420: 417: 410: 408: 405: 398: 396: 389: 382: 380: 373: 366: 290: 287: 260:Minoan culture 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 149: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 110: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 87: 84: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 50: 47: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8606: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8569: 8561: 8560: 8557: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8434:Fantastic art 8432: 8430: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8404: 8403: 8402:Christian art 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8361: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8303:Skeuomorphism 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8263:Massurrealism 8261: 8259: 8258:Lightpainting 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8242: 8241:Post-Internet 8239: 8238: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8215: 8212: 8211: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8126: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8114:Grunge design 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8069:Retrofuturism 8067: 8065: 8064:Scratch video 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8049:Memphis Group 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8024:Telematic art 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8014:Guerrilla art 8012: 8010: 8007: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7965:Endurance art 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7936: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7716: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7625:New media art 7623: 7619: 7616: 7615: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7603:Nanyang Style 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7534:Visionary art 7532: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7501: 7496: 7492: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7400:Scuola Romana 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7326:Anthropophagy 7324: 7322: 7319: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7310: 7309:Functionalism 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7232: 7231: 7230: 7229:Neoplasticism 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7171: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7133: 7132:Cubo-Futurism 7130: 7129: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7096: 7092: 7091:Ashcan School 7089: 7088: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7059:Expressionism 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7044:Mir iskusstva 7042: 7040: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6988: 6987: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6976: 6970: 6967: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6955: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6831: 6830:Boston School 6828: 6826: 6825:Hoosier Group 6823: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6815:Impressionism 6813: 6811: 6810:Peredvizhniki 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6800:Beuron School 6798: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6714:Munich School 6712: 6711: 6710: 6707: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6513:Art borrowing 6511: 6503: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6468: 6464: 6463:Company style 6461: 6459: 6456: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6404: 6398: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6364: 6363:Neoclassicism 6361: 6357: 6356: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6237: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6189:Cretan School 6187: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6175: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6147: 6146:Danube school 6144: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6115: 6112: 6111: 6110: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6075: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6015: 6007: 6006: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5623:Orientalizing 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5608:Sub-Mycenaean 5606: 5605: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5526: 5522:art movements 5521: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5501: 5499: 5494: 5492: 5487: 5486: 5483: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5429:Phaistos disc 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5393:Vasiliki ware 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5373:Malia Pendant 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5358:Minoan Genius 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5323:Lustral basin 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5172:Chryssolakkos 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4967: 4962: 4960: 4955: 4953: 4948: 4947: 4944: 4936: 4934:9789004088641 4930: 4926: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4903: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4781: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4679: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4511:9789186098551 4507: 4503: 4498: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4468: 4464: 4463:9781134880645 4460: 4456: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4445:9780871407160 4442: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4417: 4412: 4410: 4405: 4403: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4210: 4205: 4204: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4152:Pre-Columbian 4150: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4111:Art of Africa 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4027: 4026:Art of Europe 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4003: 4000: 3999: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3960: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3867:South Arabian 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3829: 3828: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3808:Conceptualism 3806: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3786:Expressionism 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3756:Impressionism 3754: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3726:Neoclassicism 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3641: 3639:9789186098551 3635: 3631: 3624: 3616: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3593:Davis,189–190 3590: 3581: 3573: 3571:9789170811555 3567: 3563: 3555: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3524: 3515: 3507: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3482: 3473: 3464: 3458:; Wright, 147 3455: 3449: 3445: 3438: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3325: 3323:9789004088641 3319: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3251: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3226: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3184: 3176: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3115: 3106: 3097: 3088: 3082:Hood, 176–177 3079: 3070: 3061: 3054: 3053:Chryssolakkos 3048: 3039: 3033:Hood, 194-195 3030: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2975: 2969: 2963:Hood, 205–206 2960: 2954:Hood, 188–190 2951: 2945:Hood, 194–195 2942: 2933: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2898: 2891: 2882: 2873: 2865: 2858: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2831: 2823: 2816: 2809: 2804: 2797: 2792: 2784: 2777: 2769: 2763: 2760:. Routledge. 2759: 2758: 2750: 2742: 2735: 2727: 2720: 2711: 2702: 2694: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2663:Hood, 120–122 2660: 2654:Hood, 117–120 2651: 2642: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2619:Hood, 103-112 2616: 2610:Hood, 132-134 2607: 2598: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2567: 2562: 2556:Hood, 209–212 2553: 2544: 2535: 2529:Hood, 143-145 2526: 2517: 2511:Hood, 142–148 2508: 2502:Hood, 142–148 2499: 2493:Hood, 137–140 2490: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2449: 2443: 2434: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2373: 2368: 2359: 2350: 2341: 2332: 2323: 2314: 2305: 2296: 2287: 2278: 2272: 2267: 2258: 2249: 2240: 2231: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2195: 2186: 2180: 2174: 2166: 2160: 2151: 2142: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2123: 2115: 2107: 2098: 2089: 2082: 2077: 2070: 2065: 2056: 2047: 2041:Hood, 235–236 2038: 2030: 2029: 2017: 2010: 2001: 1992: 1986:Hood, 225-226 1983: 1974: 1968:Chapin, 49–51 1965: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1927: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1906:Hood, 240–241 1903: 1894: 1885: 1876: 1867: 1858: 1852: 1847: 1841: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1729:gift exchange 1726: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1627: 1622: 1616:Metal vessels 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1556: 1540: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1489: 1484: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1429:Chryssolakkos 1425: 1424:Malia Pendant 1421: 1417: 1412: 1409: 1401: 1400:Malia Pendant 1396: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1375: 1373: 1364: 1359: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1339: 1336: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1290:Vasiliki ware 1277: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1238:Neolithic era 1235: 1225: 1223: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1193: 1188: 1175:figurine, AMH 1174: 1173:Poppy goddess 1167: 1162: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1135: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1068:poppy goddess 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 993:was found in 992: 988: 987:engraved gems 983: 980: 976: 970: 966: 961: 953: 947: 942: 938: 931: 926: 922: 918: 911: 906: 902: 898: 891: 886: 885: 884: 882: 878: 874: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 849: 847: 842: 834: 831:Small bronze 829: 825: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 806: 801: 797: 792: 790: 786: 778: 774: 769: 757: 753: 746: 741: 737: 736: 728: 723: 716: 711: 707: 700: 695: 694: 693: 691: 688: 683: 681: 675: 671: 669: 668: 662: 653: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 625: 623: 622:Egyptian blue 613: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 534: 532: 523: 522:Spring Fresco 518: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 493: 489: 481: 477: 475: 471: 467: 466: 461: 460: 459:La Parisienne 455: 449: 447: 443: 434: 430: 414: 409: 402: 397: 393: 386: 381: 377: 370: 365: 364: 363: 361: 357: 352: 343: 339: 335: 332: 324: 319: 315: 312: 308: 303: 301: 296: 286: 284: 280: 276: 272: 271:Mycenaean art 268: 263: 261: 257: 253: 249: 246:("AMH") near 245: 240: 238: 237:Sinclair Hood 234: 230: 229:Ancient Egypt 225: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 196: 193: 189: 180: 178:1350–1100 BC 177: 176: 172: 170:1400–1350 BC 169: 168: 164: 162:1450–1400 BC 161: 160: 153: 147: 145:1500–1450 BC 144: 143: 139: 137:1600–1500 BC 136: 135: 131: 129:1650–1600 BC 128: 127: 123: 121:1700–1650 BC 120: 119: 114: 108: 106:1750–1700 BC 105: 104: 100: 98:1800–1750 BC 97: 96: 91: 90:Protopalatial 85: 83:1900–1800 BC 82: 81: 77: 75:2100–1900 BC 74: 73: 69: 67:2300–2100 BC 66: 65: 61: 59:2900–2300 BC 58: 57: 54: 48: 46:3500–2900 BC 45: 44: 40: 31: 27: 23: 19: 8544:Trompe-l'œil 8542: 8513:Outsider art 8466:Illustration 8422:Lutheran art 8412:Catholic art 8375:Abstract art 8345:Unilalianism 8308:Software art 8283:Neosymbolism 8273:Neo-futurism 8236:Internet art 8226:Hyperrealism 8079:Superfiction 7862:Photorealism 7730:Afrofuturism 7495:Contemporary 7471:Dimensionism 7454:Concrete art 7387: 7383:Precisionism 7233: 7180:Sosaku-hanga 7154:Productivism 7144:Metaphysical 7114: 7103:Proto-Cubism 7007:Secessionism 6969:Costumbrismo 6854:Aestheticism 6805:Hague School 6785: 6709:Academic art 6690:Costumbrismo 6658:Empire style 6495:Quito School 6490:Cusco School 6406:Colonial art 6367: 6355:Fête galante 6353: 6322:18th century 6284:Delft School 6235:Caravaggisti 6213:17th century 6098: 6055:Quattrocento 6045: 6003: 5926: 5829: 5759:Late antique 5643:Severe style 5633:Black-figure 5585: 5520:Contemporary 5455:Arthur Evans 5439:Minoan seals 5343:Kamares ware 5258:Mount Juktas 5238:Psychro Cave 5081:Hagia Triada 5002:Minoan seals 4986: 4924: 4901: 4868: 4864: 4845: 4836: 4810: 4801: 4779: 4772:Metalworking 4739: 4735: 4724: 4682: 4675: 4671: 4652: 4625: 4606: 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264: 241: 226: 206:Cycladic art 187: 186: 155:(at Knossos; 152:Postpalatial 151: 112: 89: 52: 26:Kamares Ware 18: 8429:Digital art 8392:Avant-garde 8333:Superstroke 8209:Flat design 8204:Fictive art 8199:Excessivism 8147:Art for art 8142:Altermodern 8084:Taring Padi 8019:Lowbrow art 7987:Pliontanism 7924:Yoru no Kai 7877:Process art 7817:Systems art 7787:Arte Povera 7709:Antipodeans 7618:in New York 7588:Jikken Kōbō 7551:Color field 7420:Regionalism 7389:Aeropittura 7378:Neo-Fauvism 7351:Neues Sehen 7321:Kinetic art 7185:Suprematism 7159:Synchromism 7076:Noucentisme 6997:Primitivism 6985:Art Nouveau 6940:Cloisonnism 6930:Pointillism 6925:Divisionism 6903:Incoherents 6864:Art pottery 6750:(1863–1944) 6700:Macchiaioli 6675:Biedermeier 6663:Historicism 6648:Orientalism 6589:Romanticism 6560:Akita ranga 6412:Art of the 6397:Picturesque 6349:Chinoiserie 6344:Frederician 6182:Tudor court 6077:Cinquecento 6018:Renaissance 6005:Mappa mundi 5989:cartography 5881:Carolingian 5876:Merovingian 5859:Palaeologan 5831:Repoblación 5788:Anglo-Saxon 5719:Gallo-Roman 5658:Hellenistic 5653:Kerch style 5591:Minyan ware 5333:Stirrup jar 5228:Arkalochori 5221:Sanctuaries 5187:Nea Roumata 5131:Monastiraki 5091:Palaikastro 5074:Settlements 4871:: 213–252. 4709:j.ctt3fgw67 4672:Priest-King 4571:Hugh Honour 4433:Beard, Mary 4349:Art history 4326:Digital art 4316:Photography 4306:Calligraphy 4089:Anglo-Saxon 4069:Hellenistic 4014:Singaporean 3776:Art Nouveau 3736:Romanticism 3704:Renaissance 3672:Prehistoric 3412:j.ctt3fgw67 3127:: 213–252. 3055:necropolis. 2927:Hood, 37–38 2918:Hood, 41–42 2876:Hood, 33–37 2835:Pedley 2012 2808:Pedley 2012 2437:Hood, 48-50 2428:Hood, 48-50 2419:Hood, 70–71 2410:Hood, 62–65 2401:Hood, 71–77 2326:Hood, 47–48 2092:Hood, 48-49 2059:Hood, 63–64 1977:Hood, 37–38 1804:stone seals 1725:grave goods 1602:plate armor 1420:granulation 1171:Terracotta 1143:Pendant" , 1033:earthenware 846:grave goods 600:), yellow ( 594:slaked lime 578:buon fresco 376:Palaikastro 113:Neopalatial 53:Prepalatial 8589:Minoan art 8583:Categories 8476:Jewish art 8288:Passionism 8248:iPhone art 8194:Cyborg art 8189:Crypto art 8162:Brandalism 8054:Cyberdelic 7919:Tropicália 7892:Street art 7847:Intermedia 7827:Minimalism 7546:Spatialism 7500:Postmodern 7356:Surrealism 7224:Shin-hanga 7064:Die Brücke 7032:Sonderbund 6945:Synthetism 6668:Revivalism 6577:Transition 6534:Manichaean 6380:Adam style 6301:Classicism 6240:in Utrecht 6168:Still life 5898:Romanesque 5854:Macedonian 5849:Iconoclast 5808:Visigothic 5714:Republican 5668:Indo-Greek 5638:Red-figure 5268:Traostalos 5212:Yerokambos 5141:Vathypetro 4987:Minoan art 4600:0140561420 4583:0333371852 4547:9185086045 4528:0521456649 4490:0876615337 4386:Naturalist 4366:Figurative 4285:Techniques 4253:Manichaean 4231:Protestant 4181:Australian 3977:Vietnamese 3967:Indonesian 3872:Phoenician 3818:Minimalism 3803:Postmodern 3766:Decorative 3731:Revivalism 3692:Romanesque 3650:References 3614:9185086045 3467:Clarke, 36 2588:2017-11-07 2032:Chapter 10 2021:2006-07-01 1953:0674362810 1708:lamps and 1268:, and the 1266:Monochrome 1228:EM I Wares 1214:fish bones 1096:Rodinesque 1037:terracotta 1035:(known as 901:cult image 865:serpentine 818:serpentine 810:cult image 789:acrolithic 592:), white ( 202:Aegean art 192:Bronze Age 188:Minoan art 8538:Shock art 8528:Queer art 8508:Naïve art 8491:Modernism 8323:Superflat 8313:Sound art 8293:Post-YBAs 8278:Neomodern 8119:Verdadism 8089:Superflat 7938:1970–1999 7902:in the US 7822:Video art 7745:Happening 7718:1960–1969 7510:1945–1959 7173:1915–1944 7164:Vorticism 7116:A Nyolcak 6978:1900–1914 6950:Les Nabis 6881:Symbolism 6837:Amsterdam 6787:Japonisme 6757:1863–1899 6719:in Greece 6579:to modern 6424:Caribbean 6369:Goût grec 6291:Capriccio 6245:Tenebrism 6194:Turquerie 6092:Mannerism 5987:Medieval 5844:Byzantine 5825:Mozarabic 5776:Ethiopian 5680:Neo-Attic 5663:"Baroque" 5648:Classical 5618:Geometric 5596:Mycenaean 5543:(Western) 5541:Premodern 5512:Premodern 5243:Atsipades 5192:Odigitria 5167:Apesokari 5146:Zominthos 4893:127346339 4717:253870838 4381:Narrative 4291:Sculpture 4221:Christian 4209:Religions 4084:Byzantine 3997:Cambodian 3992:Malaysian 3947:Bhutanese 3905:Hong Kong 3761:Symbolism 3709:Mannerism 3420:253870838 3149:127346339 3109:Hood, 185 3073:Hood, 175 3042:Hood, 207 3021:224985281 3013:0003-5815 2999:: 67–78. 2681:Hood, 119 2672:Hood, 197 2601:Hood, 133 2547:Hood, 210 2538:Hood, 209 2520:Hood, 143 2362:Gates, 29 1441:Cloisonné 1398:The gold 1390:Jewellery 1206:triangles 1117:, are in 952:Alabaster 857:libations 777:soapstone 763:Sculpture 687:limestone 633:Tel Kabri 604:), blue ( 446:Santorini 394:, LM, AMH 8568:Category 8518:Portrait 8439:Folk art 8387:Anti-art 8318:Stuckism 8231:Idea art 8152:Art game 8104:Artivism 7992:Punk art 7970:Sots Art 7955:Artscene 7812:Land art 7750:Neo-Dada 7682:Lettrism 7576:Nuagisme 7561:Tachisme 7442:Nazi art 7235:De Stijl 7149:Rayonism 7139:Art Deco 7127:Futurism 6918:Luminism 6886:Romanian 6871:Tonalism 6842:Canadian 6820:American 6726:Neo-Grec 6334:Rocaille 6163:Romanism 6097:Counter- 6031:Trecento 5971:Duecento 5961:Crusades 5893:Ottonian 5871:Frankish 5751:Medieval 5734:Trajanic 5694:Scythian 5689:Etruscan 5581:Cycladic 5559:Thracian 5448:See also 5419:Linear B 5414:Linear A 5348:Kouloura 5273:Vrysinas 5263:Petsofas 5177:Kamilari 5136:Vasiliki 5106:Troullos 5050:Phaistos 4885:30102549 4800:(1964). 4764:54957703 4736:Hesperia 4482:Hesperia 4371:Funerary 4344:Abstract 4296:Painting 4226:Catholic 4216:Buddhist 4191:Hawaiian 4094:Ottonian 4059:Scythian 4044:Etruscan 4039:Cycladic 4019:Bruneian 3972:Filipino 3917:Japanese 3847:Egyptian 3682:Medieval 3371:54957703 3343:Hesperia 3266:(1964). 3141:30102549 2936:Hood, 42 2885:Hood, 23 2714:Hood, 27 2459:Hood, 95 2392:Shaw, 67 2383:Shaw, 65 2353:Hood, 86 2344:Hood, 84 2317:Hood, 47 2299:Hood, 85 2189:Shaw, 65 2154:Hood, 68 1943:(1985), 1888:Hood, 18 1879:Hood, 56 1800:frescoes 1785:inlaying 1767:lost wax 1743:tomb at 1710:braziers 1638:Tylissos 1626:Rekhmire 1353:LM Wares 1338:styles. 1329:MM Wares 1270:Cycladic 999:intaglio 861:steatite 756:Akrotiri 598:hematite 596:), red ( 543:Odysseus 503:Akrotiri 424:Painting 392:porphyry 360:Akrotiri 300:Akrotiri 231:and the 8533:Realism 8130:present 7857:Nut Art 7660:Pop art 7598:Mono-ha 7466:The Ten 7415:Kapists 7361:Iranian 7314:Bauhaus 7108:Orphism 7054:Fauvism 6891:Russian 6781:Nihonga 6695:Verismo 6680:Realism 6614:Purismo 6527:Moorish 6522:Islamic 6429:Haitian 6220:Baroque 6099:Maniera 5983:Mudéjar 5908:Spanish 5820:Pictish 5803:Lombard 5798:Insular 5739:Severan 5704:Gaulish 5699:Iberian 5628:Archaic 5571:Nuragic 5551:Ancient 5534:periods 5407:Writing 5233:Kamares 5202:Phylaki 5197:Phourni 5182:Koumasa 5121:Amnisos 5111:Trypiti 5101:Gournia 5096:Kydonia 5065:Galatas 5045:Knossos 5038:Palaces 4756:4134891 4427:General 4301:Pottery 4243:Islamic 4074:Iberian 3987:Myanmar 3927:Tibetan 3900:Chinese 3877:Ottoman 3862:Arabian 3857:Persian 3852:Hittite 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