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101:(1347–1375). The Dutch began exploiting the gold reserves in the highlands in the 1680s. They dominated the trade in the area, severely restricting the trade outlets between the highlands and the ports on the coast between 1820 and 1899, bringing about a marked decrease in rice production. The highlands consist of three major valleys:
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249:(2004). "From megaliths to tombstones: the transition from pre-history to early Islamic period in highland West Sumatra".
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97:, and predates significant foreign contact. Inscriptions in the area have been found from the rule of
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86:, or "the world of Minangkabau". This area formed a kingdom known from at least the 7th century as
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Wet rice cultivation probably evolved in the highlands long before it appeared in other parts of
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in the highlands is well known for its examples of surviving
Minangkabu architecture.
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Iberians in the
Singapore-Melaka Area and Adjacent Regions (16th to 18th Century)
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Southeast Asia: A Historical
Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
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The Living House: An
Anthropology of South-East Asian Architecture
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78:, the largest mountain range in Sumatra. They are home to the
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Minangkabau
Culture Documentation and Information Center
287:
Contesting
Malayness: Malay Identity Across Boundaries
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27:Minangkabau mosque circa 1892–1905 photographed by
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352:Schneider, David Murray; Gough, Kathleen (1961).
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358:. University of California Press. p. 476.
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54:) is a mountainous area in the province of
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215:Indo-Islamic Society, 14th- 15th Centuries
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324:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 156.
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18:Mountainous area of Sumatra, Indonesia
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386:Backshall, Stephen (June 1, 2003).
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58:, located around three mountains—
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508:The formation of Negeri Sembilan
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518:The role of Minangkabau in PRRI
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392:. Rough Guides. pp. 404–.
212:Wink, André (January 1, 2004).
29:Christiaan Benjamin Nieuwenhuis
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1:
251:Indonesia and the Malay World
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859:. You can help Knowledge by
284:Barnard, Timothy P. (2004).
7:
263:10.1080/1363981042000320134
123:
10:
942:
838:
548:Minangkabau historiography
428:. Oxford University Press.
420:Waterson, Roxanna (1990).
318:Borschberg, Peter (2004).
44:Dataran Tinggi Minangkabau
911:Geography of West Sumatra
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676:Minangkabau architecture
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290:. NUS Press. p. 66.
184:. ABC-CLIO. p. 887.
82:who refer to the area as
389:Rough Guide to Indonesia
926:Sumatra geography stubs
605:Saluang/Minangkabau Ney
855:location article is a
503:Minangkabau Malaysians
43:
31:
739:Islam in West Sumatra
642:Minangkabau merchants
483:Minangkabau homelands
218:. BRILL. p. 47.
36:Minangkabau Highlands
26:
906:Geography of Sumatra
762:Bodi-Chaniago system
610:Talempong/Caklempong
575:Minangkabau marriage
558:Minangkabau folklore
498:Minangkabau diaspora
802:Adityawarman Museum
767:Koto-Piliang system
672:Songket Minangkabau
585:Minangkabau cuisine
355:Matrilineal Kinship
616:Minangkabau dance
156:Pagaruyung Kingdom
151:Minangkabau people
103:Tanah Datar Valley
80:Minangkabau people
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757:Minangkabau clans
595:Minangkabau music
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331:978-3-447-05107-1
297:978-9971-69-279-7
225:978-90-04-13561-1
191:978-1-57607-770-2
76:Barisan Mountains
70:—in west-central
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861:expanding it
853:West Sumatra
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403:. Retrieved
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369:. Retrieved
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301:. Retrieved
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247:Miksic, John
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229:. Retrieved
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195:. Retrieved
180:
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146:West Sumatra
115:
99:Adityavarman
92:
83:
60:Mount Marapi
56:West Sumatra
52:Minang Darek
51:
35:
33:
20:
15:
916:Minangkabau
723:Minangkabau
488:Dharmasraya
469:Minangkabau
107:Agam Valley
900:Categories
635:Pasambahan
580:Matriarchy
493:Pagaruyung
162:References
68:Mount Sago
40:Indonesian
921:Highlands
690:Balairung
685:Rangkiang
543:etymology
513:Padri War
405:August 8,
371:August 7,
337:August 7,
303:August 7,
271:214651183
231:August 7,
197:August 7,
118:Belimbing
825:Category
732:Religion
716:Language
707:Dubalang
178:(2004).
124:See also
788:Related
667:Songket
528:Culture
95:Sumatra
72:Sumatra
702:Nagari
697:Pantun
662:Tabuik
647:Randai
630:Indang
625:Piring
396:
362:
328:
294:
269:
222:
188:
109:, and
88:Malayu
66:, and
48:Minang
851:This
779:Sakai
657:Surau
652:Silek
620:Lilin
600:Rabab
552:tambo
267:S2CID
857:stub
537:Adat
407:2012
394:ISBN
373:2012
360:ISBN
339:2012
326:ISBN
305:2012
292:ISBN
233:2012
220:ISBN
199:2012
186:ISBN
34:The
774:Rao
259:doi
902::
265:.
255:32
253:.
113:.
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90:.
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201:.
38:(
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