Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent

8735: 8727: 1434:. The research showed that participants did not understand the concept of a kilowatt hour as a measure of electric energy use despite the use of this unit in their monthly electric bills. Instead, participants favored a miles per gallon equivalent, MPGe, as the metric to compare with the familiar miles per gallon used for gasoline vehicles. The research also concluded that the kWh per 100 miles metric was more confusing to focus group participants compared to a miles per kWh. Based on these results, EPA decided to use the following fuel economy and fuel consumption metrics on the redesigned labels: MPG (city and highway, and combined); MPGe (city and highway, and combined); Gallons per 100 miles; kWh per 100 miles. 3439:, and EPA's new regulation to define PHEV fuel economy reporting protocol is expected to be based on SAE J1711. In November 2010 EPA decided to rate electric mode and gasoline only mode separately, and these are the two figures prominently displayed in the window sticker of the 2011 Chevrolet Volt. In electric mode the Volt's rating is estimated with the same formula as an electric car. The overall or composite fuel economy rating combining electricity and gasoline powered are displayed in the Monroney label in a much smaller type, and as part of the comparison of the Volt's fuel economy among all vehicles and within 6972:, and in both cases the rating only considers the pump-to-wheel or wall-to-wheel energy consumption, i.e. it measures the energy for which the owner usually pays. For EVs the energy cost includes the conversions from AC from the wall used to charge the battery The EPA ratings displayed in window stickers do not account for the energy consumption upstream, which includes the energy or fuel required to generate the electricity or to extract and produce the liquid fuel; the energy losses due to power transmission; or the energy consumed for the transportation of the fuel from the well to the station. 20: 2998: 1346: 1266:(about 6.667) to benefit electric vehicles, raising the value from 12,307 to 82,049 Wh/gal. This reward factor is intended provide an incentive for vehicle manufactures to produce and sell electric vehicles, as a higher equivalent fuel economy for EVs improves the carmaker overall fleet fuel economy levels in complying with the CAFE standards, and Congress anticipated that such an incentive would help accelerate the commercialization of electric vehicles. The incentive factor chosen by DoE for EVs is the same 1321: 1446: 1581: 1960: 1292:

as a metric for electric vehicles made the competition trivial for electric vehicles and a corresponding miles per gallon as a metric for the others extremely difficult for the others. Miastrada Company made the case that this defeated the purpose of the competition, to no avail. In April 2007, as part of Draft Competition Guidelines released at the New York Auto Show, MPGe was announced as the main merit metric for the

636:

cubic feet of natural gas to be equal to 0.823 gallons-equivalent of natural gas, and the gallon equivalency of natural gas is considered to have a fuel content, similar to that for alcohol fuels, equal to 0.15 gallons of fuel. For example, under this conversion and gallon equivalency, a dedicated natural gas vehicle that achieves 25 miles per 100 cubic feet of natural gas would have a CAFE value as follows:

3459:, 37 MPG when operating with gasoline only, and an overall fuel economy rating of 60 mpg-US (3.9 L/100 km) combining power from electricity and gasoline. For both vehicles EPA calculated the MPGe rating under its five-cycle tests using the formula displayed earlier with a conversion factor of 33.7 kWh of electricity being the energy equivalent of a gallon of gasoline. 1749: 1247:

Similarly, the energy value for electricity produced from fossil fuel is reduced to 30.3% due to energy lost in generation and transmission, according to the national average. This is normalized to the previous gasoline value, resulting in a well-to-vehicle gasoline-equivalent energy content of electricity of only 12,307 Wh/gal.

2149: 2280: 2988: 2742: 8359: 2859: 3443:. EPA has considered several methodologies for rating the overall fuel economy of PHEVs, but as of February 2011 EPA has not announced the final methodology that will be applied for the purposes of estimating the new manufacture's 2012–2016 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) credits for plug-in hybrids. 2613: 2391:

The formula works by deriving how much alternative fuel can be purchased for the cost of a gallon of gasoline, creating a ratio of this quantity to the storage capacity of the vehicle, and then multiplies this ratio by the vehicle's possible range. The result is number of miles the vehicle travels on

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vehicles available in the US market, such as plug-in hybrids, electric vehicles, flexible-fuel vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and natural gas vehicles. The common fuel economy metric adopted to allow the comparison of alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles with conventional internal

1291:

The Automotive X Prize competition was intended to encourage development of automobiles that would be capable of operating 100 miles on a gallon of gasoline (mpg). Comparison of electric vehicles to vehicles that carried their own engine was debated, since the notion of a miles per gallon equivalent

6668:

The same method can be applied to any other alternative fuel vehicle when that vehicle's energy consumption is known. Generally the energy consumption of the vehicle is expressed in units other than W·h/mile, or Btu/mile so additional arithmetic is required to convert to a gasoline gallon equivalent

1441:

cars and trucks were consulted for 60 days with the public in 2010, and both include miles per gallon equivalent and kWh per 100 miles as the fuel economy metrics for plug-in cars, but in one option MPGe and annual electricity cost are the two most prominent metrics. In November 2010, EPA introduced

377:

For FFVs, an assumption is made that the vehicles would operate 50% of the time on the alternative fuel and 50% of the time on conventional fuel, resulting in a fuel economy that is based on a harmonic average of alternative fuel and conventional fuel. For example, for an alternative dual-fuel model

224:

Beginning in 1993, manufacturers of qualified AFVs can improve their CAFE estimation by computing the weighted average of the fuel economy when operating on conventional fuel (gasoline and diesel) and when operating on alternative fuel(s). AMFA provides the following energy content-based equivalency

187:

basis and in the case of liquid fuels and electric drive vehicles also account for the energy consumed upstream to produce the fuel or electricity and deliver it to the vehicle. Fuel economy for CAFE purposes include an incentive adjustment for alternative fuel vehicles and plug-in electric vehicles

90:

MPGe does not necessarily represent an equivalency in the operating costs between alternative fuel vehicles and the MPG rating of internal combustion engine vehicles due to the wide variation in costs for the fuel sources regionally since the EPA assumes prices that represents the national averages.

3011:

Between 2008 and 2010 several major automakers began commercializing battery electric vehicles (BEVs), which are powered exclusively on electricity, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which use electricity together with a liquid fuel stored in an on-board fuel tank, usually gasoline, but

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This equation reduces down to a simple formula that works with only the capacity of the fuel source and its possible range to compare vehicles. With your local rates for gasoline and your fuel source you can easily compare your alternative fuel vehicle operating cost directly with a gasoline engine

1753:

For EPA, this considers the tank-to-wheel for liquids and wall-to-wheel energy consumption for electricity, i.e. it measures the energy for which the owner usually pays. For EVs the energy cost includes the conversions from AC to charge the battery. The EPA MPGe ratings displayed in window stickers

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factor already applied in the regulatory treatment of other types of alternative fuel vehicles. When all factors are considered in DoE's formula, the energy efficiency or equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles increases, being calculated in miles per the petroleum-equivalency factor of 82,049

635:

Calculation of fuel economy for natural gas vehicles is similar. For the purposes of this calculation, the fuel economy is equal to the weighted average of the fuel economy while operating on natural gas and while operating on either gasoline or diesel fuel. AMFA specifies the energy content of 100

1754:

do not account for the energy consumption upstream, which includes the energy or fuel required to generate the electricity or to extract and produce the liquid fuel; the energy losses due to power transmission; or the energy consumed for the transportation of the fuel from the well to the station.

178:

Fuel economy estimates for window stickers and CAFE standard compliance are different. The EPA MPGe rating shown in the Monroney label is based on the consumption of the on-board energy content stored in the fuel tank or in the vehicle's battery, or any other energy source, and only represents the

1484:

The new labels also show for the first time an estimate of how much fuel or electricity it takes to drive 100 miles (160 km), introducing to U.S. consumers with fuel consumption per distance traveled, a metric commonly used in other countries. EPA explained that the objective is to avoid the

86:

without regard to the efficiency of conversion of heat energy into electrical energy, also measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh). The equivalence of this unit to energy in a gallon of gasoline is true if and only if the heat engine, generating equipment, and power delivery to the car battery are 100%

11504:

Current Model Year excludes all-electric vehicles. The 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery) has a combined gas/electricity fuel economy rating of 88 mpg-e (95/81 city/hwy), the 2017 Prius Prime has a combined gas/electricity rating of 78 mpg-e (83/73 city/hwy), and the 2017 Chevrolet Volt has a

2492: 2387:

The formula includes the inherent efficiency of the vehicle as the range capability of a specific fuel source capacity directly represents the EPA testing, it then becomes universal regardless of weight, vehicle size, co-efficient of drag, rolling resistance as these directly influence the range

2016:

The miles per gallon equivalent cost of an alternative fuel vehicle can be calculated by a simple formula to directly compare the MPG operating costs (rather than the energy consumption of MPGe) with traditional vehicles since the cost of resources varies substantially from region to region. For

8378:

has a rated (wall-to-wheel) consumption of 128 / 110 mpg‑e (263 / 306 Wh/mi) listed on the Monroney sticker for the urban/highway driving cycles, respectively. The petroleum-equivalent fuel economy for the Bolt, using the DoE rule to consider well-to-wall

3510:

EPA rating data are taken from manufacturer testing of their own vehicles, usually conducted using pre-production prototypes. Manufacturers report the results to EPA, which reviews the results and confirms about 15%–20% of them through their own tests at the National Vehicles and Fuel Emissions

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Using EPA 2018 Fuel Economy Guides assumptions for national average pricing of $ 2.56/gal regular gasoline and $ 0.13/kWh we can calculate a vehicle that is rated at 84 MPGe or 40 kW/100 Mi efficiency and has a 16.5 kW EV battery of which 13.5 kWh is usable for electric

1500:

is the reciprocal of fuel economy, and measures the fuel used to drive a fixed distance (units of gal/100 miles or kWh/100 miles). The unit of Gal/100 miles is accurately described as fuel consumption in some EPA brochures, but this unit appears in the fuel economy section of the Monroney label

10278:

Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e, and ranks as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a

8019:

per mile in urban driving, and 220 Watt hour per mile in highway driving, results in a petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of 335.24 miles per gallon, based on a driving schedule factor of 55 percent urban, and 45 percent highway, and using a petroleum equivalency factor of 82,049 Watt hours per

1007:

and any other fuel that the Secretary of Transportation determines to be substantially non-petroleum based and has environmental and energy security benefits. Beginning in 1993, manufacturers of these other alternative fuel automobiles that meet the qualifying requirements can also benefit for

1246:

basis. The methodology considers the upstream efficiency of the processes involved in the two fuel cycles. The energy content of gasoline is reduced from 33,705 Wh/gal to 83% of that, or about 27,975 Wh/gal well-to-tank, to account for the energy used in refinement and distribution.

2383: 9697: 1667: 1633:

MPGe is determined by converting the vehicle consumption per unit distance, as determined through computer modeling or completion of an actual driving cycle, from its native units into a gasoline energy equivalent. Examples of native units include W·h for electric vehicles,

8366:

In 2009, the Monroney sticker for the Mini E rated the wall-to-wheel energy consumption at 33 / 36 kWh/100 mi (102.1 / 93.6 mpg‑e) for the city and highway driving cycles, respectively. The petroleum-equivalent fuel economy is

11625:

Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2013-2014 Chevrolet Volt has a combined fuel economy of 62 mpg-e, while 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88

241:

A dedicated AFV which operates solely on alcohol would divide the alcohol fuel economy by the energy-equivalency factor of 0.15. As an example, a dedicated AFV that achieves 15 mpg fuel economy while operating on alcohol would have a CAFE calculated as follows:

221:(FFVs). To provide incentives for the widespread use of these fuels and to promote the production of AFVs and FFVs, AMFA grants AFV/FFV manufacturers CAFE credits, which allows them to raise their overall fleet fuel economy levels to comply with the CAFE standards. 2022: 8181: 987: 3426: 3141: 6945: 2158: 2868: 2622: 1418:

of the 2009 Mini E showed an energy consumption of 33 kWh/100 mi for city driving and 36 kWh/100 mi on the highway, technically equivalent to 100 mpg‑e city and 94 mpg‑e highway. Similarly, the 2009

3296:

The formula employed by the EPA for calculating their rated MPGe does not account for any fuel or energy consumed upstream such as the generation and transmission of electrical power, or well-to-wheel life cycle, as EPA's comparison with

8190: 2751: 2505: 7598: 11362:

See the tab "Cars excl. EVs" - The Prius c is the most fuel efficient in the compact class and the conventional Prius is the most fuel efficient in the midsize class, and both rank ahead of the most fuel efficient in any other

10346:

See the tab "Cars excl. EVs" – The Prius c is the most fuel efficient in the compact class and the conventional Prius is the most fuel efficient in the midsize class, and both rank ahead of the most fuel efficient in any other

3027:'s formula to calculate the well-to-wheel MPGe is based on energy standards established by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2000: The well-to-wheel conversion is used in calculation of corporate-average fuel economy (CAFE) but 373: 4596:(BEVx). The i3 REx is the most fuel economic EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine with a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e, but its total range is limited to 150 mi (240 km). 2408: 1306:

announced that, as part of a partnership with the X Prize Foundation, they planned to report MPGe as one of several measures that will help consumers understand and compare vehicle efficiency for alternative fuel vehicles.

1410:

vehicles powered by gasoline and diesel, in order to help consumers choose more efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles. These changes were proposed to be introduced in new vehicles beginning with model year 2012.

7367: 2290: 7248:= Driving pattern factor; this is equal to 1, as DoE considered that electric vehicles eligible for inclusion in CAFE will offer capabilities, perhaps excepting driving range, similar to those of conventional vehicles. 7826: 10051: 1757:

Basic values for the energy content of various fuels are given by the defaults used in the Department of Energy GREET (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy used in Transportation) model, as follows:

7747: 7015:

burns its fuel (mainly fossil fuels) off-board at the power generation plant. This methodology is used by carmakers to estimate credits into their overall Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) for manufacturing

631: 7673:); in summary, the total amount of useful electrical energy that can be extracted from gasoline is just 36.5% of its total theoretical stored energy. Substituting the numerical values into the first equation, 8808: 1744:{\displaystyle {\text{MPGe}}={\frac {\text{total miles driven}}{\left}}={\frac {({\text{total miles driven}})\times ({\text{energy of one gallon of gasoline}})}{\text{total energy of all fuels consumed}}}} 3483:) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA for model years 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2023 versus the model year 2016 vehicles that were rated the most efficient by the EPA with 9687: 7894: 7011:). The methodology considers the upstream efficiency of the processes involved in the two fuel cycles, and considers the national average electricity generation and transmission efficiencies because a 1509:

The miles per gallon gasoline equivalent is based on the energy content of gasoline. The energy obtainable from burning one US gallon of gasoline is 115,000 BTU, 33.70 kWh, or 121.3 MJ.

1398:(NHTSA) have conducted a series of studies to determine the best way to redesign this label to provide consumers with simple energy and environmental comparisons across all vehicles types, including 7096: 6984:(DOE) established the methodology for calculating the petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles based on the well-to-wheel (WTW) gasoline-equivalent energy content of electricity ( 112:. The ratings are based on EPA's formula, in which 33.7 kWh (121 MJ) of electricity is equivalent to one (U.S.) gallon of gasoline, and the energy consumption of each vehicle during 10020: 6774: 1512:

To convert the mile per gallon rating into other units of distance per unit energy used, the mile per gallon value can be multiplied by one of the following factors to obtain other units:

2144:{\displaystyle {\text{MPG}}={\text{mi}}/{\text{gal}}={{\$ \over {\text{gal}}}\div {\$ \over {\text{unit}}} \over {\text{capacity(unit)}}}\times {{\text{capacity(unit)}} \over \div 100}} 91:

Miles per gallon equivalent cost for alternate fuel can be calculated with a simple conversion to the conventional mpg (miles per gallon, miles/gal). See conversion to MPG by cost below.

8005: 1934:

The energy content of a particular fuel can vary somewhat given its specific chemistry and production method. For example, in the new efficiency ratings that have been developed by the

8025: 641: 7645: 2275:{\displaystyle {\text{MPG}}={\text{mi}}/{\text{gal}}={\Bigl (}{\$ \over {\text{gal}}}\div {\$ \over {\text{kWh}}}{\Bigr )}\div {{\text{kWh}}/100~{\text{mi}} \over 100~{\text{mi}}}} 116:

simulating varying driving conditions. All new cars and light-duty trucks sold in the U.S. are required to have this label showing the EPA's estimate of fuel economy of the vehicle.

3322: 3037: 6781: 8982: 2983:{\displaystyle {\text{MPG}}={\text{mi}}/{\text{gal}}={{37.65~{\text{kWh}}/{\text{gal}}} \over 13.5~{\text{kWh}}}=2.78~{\text{charges}}\times 33.75~{\text{mi}}=94.1~{\text{MPG}}} 2737:{\displaystyle {\text{MPG}}={\text{mi}}/{\text{gal}}={{19.69~{\text{kWh}}/{\text{gal}}} \over 13.5~{\text{kWh}}}=1.46~{\text{charges}}\times 33.75~{\text{mi}}=49.2~{\text{MPG}}} 10042: 3451:

In November 2010 the EPA began including "MPGe" in its new sticker for fuel economy and environmental comparisons. The EPA rated the Nissan Leaf electric car with a combined

1227:/mile (KWh/mi), the most commonly known metric in science and engineering for measuring energy consumption, and used as the billing unit for energy delivered to consumers by 4598:(3) The 2014/16 BMW i3 (60 A·h) ranked as the most fuel economic EPA-certified vehicle of all fuel types considered in all years until MY 2016. It was surpassed by the 2017 9479: 2388:

possible and are accounted for. Driving style and weather conditions can be accounted for by using the achieved range instead of the advertised range for the calculation.

10970:"2015 Tesla Model S (85 kW-hr battery pack); 2014 Tesla Model S AWD (85 kW-hr battery pack); 2015 Tesla Model S AWD - 85D; and 2015 Tesla Model S AWD - P85D" 9599: 9455: 8354:{\displaystyle ={\frac {82049{\frac {Wh}{gal}}}{\left(265{\frac {Wh}{mi}}\times 0.55\right)+\left(220{\frac {Wh}{mi}}\times 0.45\right)}}=335.24{\frac {mi}{gal_{PE}}}} 10757:"Compare side by side: 2013 Nissan Leaf/2014 Nissan Leaf/2015 Nissan Leaf/2016 Nissan Leaf (24 kW-hr battery pack)/2016 Nissan Leaf (30 kW-hr battery pack)" 7195:

to retain consistency with existing regulatory and statutory procedures, and to provide a similar treatment to manufacturers of all types of alternative fuel vehicles

2854:{\displaystyle {\text{MPG}}={\text{mi}}/{\text{gal}}={{\$ 3.20 \over {\text{gal}}}\div {\$ 0.085 \over {\text{kWh}}} \over 13.5~{\text{kWh}}}\times 33.75~{\text{mi}}} 2500:

Note: Using the battery size instead of the usable charge will provide a conservative value. Using actual charge and actual range driven will provide actual economy.

3290: 3248: 3210: 2608:{\displaystyle {\text{MPG}}={\text{mi}}/{\text{gal}}={{\$ 2.56 \over {\text{gal}}}\div {\$ 0.13 \over {\text{kWh}}} \over 13.5~{\text{kWh}}}\times 33.75~{\text{mi}}} 7512: 7456: 7427: 7398: 7281: 7155: 7009: 4628:(8) Most fuel economic plug-in hybrid capable of long distance travel. The 2016 Volt has a rating of 77 mpg-e for combined gasoline/electricity operation. 8798: 3176: 7950: 7246: 7183: 7126: 131:

2013. This ruling uses miles per gallon gasoline equivalent for all fuel and advanced technology vehicles available in the U.S. market including plug-in hybrids,

9098: 8695: 7924: 7220:= Petroleum-fueled accessory factor; this is equal to 1 if the electric drive vehicle does not have petroleum-powered accessories installed, and 0.90 if it does. 7218: 1414:

The EPA rating for on board energy efficiency for electric vehicles before 2010 was expressed as kilowatt hour per 100 miles (kWh/100 mi). For example, the

1382:

in the U.S. new information should be incorporated in the Monroney label of new cars and light-duty trucks sold in the country, such as ratings on fuel economy,

7478: 9630: 7520: 1598: 10076: 8882: 9076: 8475: 2487:{\displaystyle {\text{MPG}}={\text{mi}}/{\text{gal}}={{\$ \over {\text{gal}}}\div {\$ \over {\text{kWh}}} \over {\text{charge(kWh)}}}\times {\text{mi}}} 1485:

traditional miles per gallon metric that can be potentially misleading when consumers compare fuel economy improvements, and known as the "MPG illusion".

247: 1028:. NIST defined a gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) as 5.660 pounds of natural gas, and gasoline liter equivalent (GLE) as 0.678 kilograms of natural gas. 9809: 8586: 9568: 1477:(MPGe). A gallon of gasoline equivalent means the number of kilowatt hours of electricity, cubic feet of compressed natural gas (CNG), or kilograms of 2378:{\displaystyle {\text{MPG}}={\text{mi}}/{\text{gal}}={{\$ \over {\text{gal}}}\div {\$ \over unit} \over {\text{capacity(unit)}}}\times {\text{mi}}} 2395:

The end computation results in MPG unit and is directly comparable to a standard internal combustion engine vehicle's fuel costs for its rated MPG.

9546: 8496: 7289: 12473: 10010: 9049: 6701:

is needed to meet the equivalent energy of one gallon of gasoline. This conversion factor can now be used to calculate the MPGe for this vehicle.

12156: 10598: 8522: 7755: 3255: 113: 9507: 9105: 9080: 9045: 1395: 1017: 120: 12408: 11563: 11525: 11412: 11303: 11262: 11195: 10506: 10474: 10437: 10358: 10080: 8646: 3468: 1935: 57: 27: 8886: 10483:"Compare Side-by-Side: 2015 BMW i3 REX, 2016 BMW i3 REX, 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery), and 2017 BMW i3 BEV (94 Amp-hour battery)" 9978:"Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles" 9245: 8618: 7679: 3517:

Comparison of top fuel efficient battery-electric vehicles versus most efficient fossil fuel vehicles (including hybrid-electric vehicles)

1662:

or Liquefied petroleum gas vehicles. Special cases for specific alternative fuels are discussed below, but a general formula for MPGe is:

1283:

Wh/gal rather than miles per the usual gasoline gallon equivalent of 33,705 Wh/gallon, for the purposes of CAFE credits to manufacturers.

9505: 8976:"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Program; Petroleum-Equivalent Fuel Economy Calculation; Final Rule" 383: 11946: 11885: 11452: 11203: 11029: 10969: 10937: 10756: 10482: 9434: 8975: 378:

that achieves 15 miles per gallon operating on an alcohol fuel and 25 mpg on the conventional fuel, the resulting CAFE would be:

10173:

See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg

9932: 1423:

was rated 32 kWh/100 mi (110 mpg‑e) in city and 33 kWh/100 mi (100 mpg‑e) on the highway.

1293: 201:

The Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) enacted in 1988 provides Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) incentives for manufacturing

12444: 9774: 6496:

per gallon (used by the 2015 Volt, i3 REx, ELR, i8, Mercedes S500e, Karma and all Porsche models), and regular gasoline price of

1474: 11453:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2017 Toyota Prius Prime - 2016 BMW i3 REX - 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery) - 2017 Chevrolet Volt" 11330:

See pp. 27-28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30-31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg

9662: 9522: 7832: 1223:

and the Toyota RAV4 EV. The U.S. DoE and EPA rating for on board energy efficiency for these electric vehicles was expressed as

9850: 7652:

This computation accounts for the well-to-wall losses resulting from the extraction of crude oil and refinement into gasoline (

6512:

The following table compares EPA's fuel economy expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGe) for the two models of

12376: 12344: 12315: 12251: 12162: 11938: 11906: 11877: 11758: 11673: 11637: 11604: 11483: 11444: 11377: 11341: 11021: 10993: 10961: 10929: 10893: 10864: 10835: 10806: 10687: 10658: 10629: 10604: 10567: 10538: 10408: 10325: 10293: 10257: 9885: 9736: 9590: 9411: 9377: 7029: 12573: 12323: 12283: 12222: 12190: 12125: 12096: 12072: 12064: 12035: 12003: 11974: 11848: 11824: 11816: 11787: 11704: 11571: 11385: 11230: 11137: 11116: 11108: 11087: 11079: 11058: 11050: 10777: 10748: 10716: 10301: 9805: 9770: 9658: 9518: 8844: 8723: 8554: 8424: 7480:= Watt hours of energy per gallon of gasoline conversion factor = 33,705 Wh/US gal (115,006 BTU/US gal) 6526: 4384: 3024: 1391: 1375: 12420: 9284: 9206: 1464:

that is mandatory for all new passenger cars and trucks starting with model year 2013. The ruling includes new labels for

9170: 9320: 9134: 6438: 4548: 12477: 8848: 6981: 5077: 4468: 3488: 1461: 1242:

established in July 2000 a methodology for calculating the petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles on a

124: 9742: 9109: 8687: 8413: 2003: 1620: 160: 1985: 9620: 6707: 5042: 4901: 4593: 1211:

During the late 1990s and early 2000s several electric cars were produced in limited quantities as a result of the

9889: 9456:"Press Release: Automotive X Prize Announces Draft Guidelines for Competition to Inspire Super-Efficient Vehicles" 3316:

testing than EPA, and considers reformulated gasoline sold in that state. For CARB estimates the formula becomes:

8176:{\displaystyle MPG_{PE}={\frac {PEF}{\left(EC_{city}\times f_{city}\right)+\left(EC_{hwy}\times f_{hwy}\right)}}} 4671: 4575:

Notes: All estimated fuel economy based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city

1943: 1403: 982:{\displaystyle FE_{nat.gas}={\frac {1}{0.15}}{\frac {gal_{nat.gas}}{gal_{gasoline}}}\cdot \left=203\,mpg_{equiv}} 9084: 7955: 1437:

The proposed design and final content for two options of the new sticker label that would be introduced in 2013

217:, either exclusively or in conjunction with gasoline or diesel fuel. These dual-fuel vehicles also are known as 8933: 8467: 8397: 3309: 1970: 1602: 1212: 164: 12384: 12352: 12011: 11982: 11914: 11856: 11795: 11712: 11270: 11145: 11001: 3421:{\displaystyle MPGe={\frac {E_{G}}{E_{M}\cdot E_{E}}}={\frac {32\,600{\text{ Wh/gallon}}_{\text{US}}}{E_{M}}}} 3136:{\displaystyle MPGe={\frac {E_{G}}{E_{M}\cdot E_{E}}}={\frac {33\,705{\text{ Wh/gallon}}_{\text{US}}}{E_{M}}}} 1977: 1946:(PHEVs) – see below – the energy content of a gallon of gasoline is assumed to be 114,989.12 BTU or 33.7 kWh. 8578: 7604: 6960:

EPA's miles per gallon equivalent metric shown in the window sticker does not measure a vehicle's full cycle

6940:{\displaystyle MPGe=72{\frac {mi}{kg_{H_{2}}}}\times {1.011{\frac {kg_{H_{2}}}{gallon_{gasoline}}}}=72.8MPGe} 3455:

of 99 MPGe, and rated the Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid with a combined fuel economy of 93 MPGe in

73: 11204:"Compare Side-by-Side: 2016 Ford Fusion AWD, 2016 Honda Accord, 2016 Toyota Camry, and 2016 Toyota RAV4 AWD" 9985: 9798: 9564: 12619: 12614: 12594: 12407: 11562: 11524: 11411: 11302: 11261: 11194: 10505: 10473: 10436: 8645: 8403: 8015:

In the example provided by the US DoE in its final rule, an electric car with an energy consumption of 265

6961: 6402: 4683: 4519: 3496: 1442:

MPGe as comparison metric on its new sticker for fuel economy for the Nissan Leaf and the Chevrolet Volt.

9846: 6205: 6147: 4938: 3557: 3472: 3452: 3436: 1379: 1356: 1331: 11678:"Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2014" 6478: 4649: 12501: 12481: 11734: 11491: 11167: 10357: 9038: 9008: 8762: 8418: 6965: 6663: 6267: 1776: 1407: 1021: 11947:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2013/2015 Ford C-Max Plug-in Hybrid and 2013/2015 Ford Fusion Plug-in Hybrid" 6964:

or well-to-wheel life cycle. Rather, the EPA presents MPGe in the same manner as MPG for conventional

1488:

As mentioned above, confusion and misinterpretation is common in the public between the two types of "

12604: 12599: 12380: 12348: 12319: 12287: 12255: 12226: 12194: 12158: 12129: 12100: 12068: 12039: 12007: 11978: 11942: 11910: 11881: 11852: 11820: 11791: 11762: 11708: 11677: 11641: 11608: 11567: 11529: 11487: 11448: 11416: 11381: 11345: 11307: 11266: 11234: 11199: 11141: 11112: 11083: 11054: 11025: 10997: 10965: 10933: 10897: 10868: 10839: 10810: 10781: 10752: 10720: 10691: 10662: 10633: 10600: 10571: 10542: 10510: 10478: 10441: 10412: 10362: 10329: 10297: 10261: 9327: 9291: 9252: 9213: 9177: 9141: 8650: 8514: 7023:

The petroleum equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles is determined by the following equations:

4725: 1430:

where participants were presented with several options to express the consumption of electricity for

1239: 992: 156: 6697:/kg (113,738 BTU/kg), by converting this energy density to a GGE, it is found that 1.011 kg of 3435:

and plug-in hybrids was approved in July 2010. The recommended procedures for PHEVs were revised at

12375: 12343: 12314: 12250: 11937: 11905: 11876: 11757: 11636: 11603: 11482: 11465:

The Prius Prime is the most energy-efficient vehicle with a gasoline engine in EV mode (133 MPG-e).

11443: 11376: 11340: 11020: 10992: 10960: 10928: 10892: 10863: 10834: 10805: 10686: 10657: 10628: 10566: 10537: 10407: 10324: 10292: 10256: 7012: 6469: 5615: 4641: 3480: 1939: 1431: 1399: 1383: 202: 168: 65: 61: 12282: 12221: 12189: 12124: 12095: 12063: 12034: 12002: 11973: 11847: 11815: 11786: 11703: 11229: 11136: 11107: 11078: 11049: 10776: 10747: 10715: 10384: 10072: 4667:

The following table compares EPA's estimated out-of-pocket fuel costs and fuel economy ratings of

12609: 12291: 12259: 12230: 12198: 12166: 12133: 12104: 12043: 11766: 11645: 11420: 10901: 10872: 10843: 10814: 10724: 10695: 10666: 10637: 10608: 10546: 10514: 10445: 9365: 6412: 4679: 4523: 4412: 3560: 3492: 3432: 1981: 1901: 1591: 996: 56:) is a measure of the average distance traveled per unit of energy consumed. MPGe is used by the 10073:"Volt receives EPA ratings and label: 93 mpg-e all-electric, 37 mpg gas-only, 60 mpg-e combined" 8878: 12555: 11534:"Model Year 2015 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" 11312:"Model Year 2016 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" 9912: 9840:"TEST PROCEDURES AND BENCHMARKING Blended-Type and EV-Capable Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles" 9369: 9359: 9256: 8655:"Model Year 2017 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" 8610: 8392: 7017: 4599: 3698: 1859: 1469: 1216: 214: 155:

vehicles. In addition to being displayed on new vehicles, fuel economy ratings are used by the

9246:"Field Operations Program Toyota RAV4 (NiMH) – Accelerated Reliability Testing – Final Report" 4998: 4851: 4710:

expressed as KWh/100 mile, the metric used by EPA to rate electric cars before November 2010.

9403: 9397: 6500:

per gallon (as of 18 December 2015). Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kWh.

5989: 5889: 1651: 1460:

In May 2011, the NHTSA and EPA issued a joint final rule establishing new requirements for a

1420: 218: 136: 19: 6516:

fuel cell vehicles rated by the EPA as of September 2021, and available in California.

3265: 3223: 3185: 7490: 7434: 7405: 7376: 7259: 7133: 6987: 4101: 3499:), and the average new vehicle for that model year, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg 11533: 11311: 10223: 10189: 10156: 10104: 9925: 8654: 3152: 2997: 2746:

Now the same vehicle where gasoline with worth $ 3.20/gal and electricity is $ 0.085/kWh.

1234:

In order to address the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations mandated by the

8: 12569: 7929: 7225: 7162: 7105: 6474: 5141: 4645: 4157: 3298: 1025: 144: 69: 10938:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Tesla Model S 60 kW-hr/AWD - 70D/AWD - 90D/AWD - P90D" 7906: 7200: 5939: 4716:

Comparison of out-of-pocket fuel costs and fuel economy for plug-in hybrid electric cars

2403:

The formula with the correct units for a BEV or PHEV in all electric mode is like this.

1300:

for super-efficient vehicles that can achieve at least 100 MPGe. In February 2009,

1037:

Energy efficiency for selected electric cars leased in California between 1996 and 2003

12589: 12452: 12445:"Honda FCX Clarity Fuel Cell Vehicle Lease Program Begins with First Customer Delivery" 11386:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Toyota Prius, 2016 Toyota Prius and 2016 Toyota Prius Eco" 10575: 10416: 10302:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Toyota Prius, 2016 Toyota Prius and 2016 Toyota Prius Eco" 10046: 10015: 9763: 9692: 9625: 9594: 9483: 9459: 9039:

Report to Congress on Effects of the Alternative Motor Fuels Act CAFE Incentives Policy

8767: 7593:{\displaystyle E_{g}={\frac {(0.328\times 0.924\times 33705{\frac {Wh}{gal}})}{0.830}}} 7463: 6238: 6178: 5839: 5756: 5434: 5253: 4787: 3842: 1297: 1228: 1220: 8838:"Fact Sheet: New Fuel Economy and Environment Labels for a New Generation of Vehicles" 8763:"Nissan Says Its Electric Leaf Gets Equivalent of 99 mpg (miles/gal, miles per galon)" 3031:

for window sticker (Monroney) fuel economy. For Monroney fuel economy the equation is

12546: 9981: 9732: 9651: 9540: 9511: 9407: 9373: 9171:"Test Reports for Vehicles by Manufacturer and Model: 1999 General Motors EV1 w/NiMH" 8927: 8490: 8375: 6678: 5429: 4818: 4707: 4668: 4609: 4016: 3959: 3815: 3456: 3178:

is expressed as miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (as shown in the Monroney label)

1450: 1345: 1186: 140: 35: 12510: 9839: 9017: 8446:

Note that MPGe is calculated using earlier standards and is not directly comparable.

368:{\displaystyle FE_{alcohol}={\frac {1}{0.15}}\cdot (15\,mpg_{alc})=100\,mpg_{equiv}} 12538: 10366: 9724: 9321:"Test Reports for Vehicles by Manufacturer and Model: 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Electric" 9077:"The Corporate Average Fuel Economy Program (CAFE) – Background: AMFA CAFE Credits" 6969: 6513: 5303: 4477: 3431:

The new SAE J1711 standard for measuring the exhaust emissions and fuel economy of

1465: 1302: 1004: 1000: 132: 95: 68:

and other advanced technology vehicles with the energy consumption of conventional

11349: 10333: 12533:

Fleming, Bill (December 2009). "Electric Vehicle EPA Fuel-Economy Calculations".

9393: 9355: 4703: 3582: 1489: 172: 152: 11238: 12412: 9956: 9295: 9217: 8673:

See pp. 34 - 38 for all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.

8408: 5665: 5508: 5373: 5193: 4721: 4585: 4472: 3521: 3484: 1415: 1352: 1327: 1162: 1138: 1114: 109: 106: 31: 23: 9181: 4694:), and EPA's average new 2016 vehicle, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg 3001:

Monroney label showing the EPA's fuel economy equivalent ratings for the 2011

12583: 12550: 10785: 10195:(Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. pp. 32–36 10110:(Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. pp. 31–34 9331: 9145: 7362:{\displaystyle E_{g}={\frac {\left(T_{g}\times T_{t}\times C\right)}{T_{p}}}} 7256:

The gasoline-equivalent energy content of electricity factor, abbreviated as

6522:

Comparison of fuel economy expressed in MPGe for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

6093: 5033: 4892: 4623: 4582: 4355: 4327: 4299: 4270: 4242: 4213: 4185: 3787: 3669: 3640: 3302: 3216:/gallon, as set by U.S. DoE and reported by the Alternative Fuel Data Center. 3013: 1917: 1546: 1524: 1387: 1320: 1243: 1235: 1224: 1052: 210: 184: 180: 148: 83: 12542: 11612: 10265: 8837: 11350:"2015 Best and Worst Fuel Economy Vehicles - (excluding electric vehicles)" 10334:"2016 Best and Worst Fuel Economy Vehicles - (excluding electric vehicles)" 6622: 6598: 6574: 6043: 5559: 3903: 3005: 1827: 1655: 206: 102: 9718: 9285:"Test Reports for Vehicles by Manufacturer and Model: 1998 Ford Ranger EV" 8728:"New Fuel Economy and Environment Labels for a New Generation of Vehicles" 8722: 7821:{\displaystyle ={\frac {12307{\frac {Wh}{gal}}}{0.15}}\times AF\times DPF} 6488:

Notes: (1) Based on 45% highway and 55% city driving. Electricity cost of

11983:"Compare side by side: 2016 Audi A3 e-tron ultra and 2016 Audi A3 e-tron" 10229:(Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11 9135:"Test Reports for Vehicles by Manufacturer and Model: General Motors EV1" 8518: 5002: 4855: 4129: 4044: 3987: 3874: 3759: 3730: 3440: 3313: 1427: 1364: 99: 12433:

One kg of hydrogen is roughly equivalent to one U.S. gallon of gasoline.

11886:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2012/2013/2014/2015 Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid" 9977: 9480:"Press Release: Consumer Reports to Adopt MPGe Measure for Fuel Economy" 6650:

One kg of hydrogen is roughly equivalent to one U.S. gallon of gasoline.

1445: 11271:"Compare Side-by-Side: 2014 BMW i3 BEV & 2014 BMW i3 REx" 9878: 9652:"EPA and NHTSA Propose Changes to the Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy Label" 8922:"Many factors figure in fuel-economy calculation for electric vehicles" 6321: 4615: 4612:

of 117 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi; 18 kW⋅h/100 km).

4605: 1605: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1496:

measures how far a vehicle will go per amount of fuel (units of MPGe).

1454: 1438: 188:

which results in higher MPGe than those estimated for window stickers.

128: 127:

that is mandatory for all new passenger cars and trucks starting with

11672: 9207:"Test Reports for Vehicles by Manufacturer and Model: Toyota RAV4 EV" 8803: 8016: 7185:= "Fuel content" factor or incentive factor. DoE selected a value of 6975: 4073: 3931: 3611: 3251: 3017: 1811: 1647: 1194: 1170: 1122: 1074: 11857:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2016/2017 Ford Fusion Energi Plug-in Hybrid" 9318: 9282: 9243: 9204: 9168: 9132: 8921: 8799:"Volt is rated 93 mpg on electricity alone, 37 mpg on gas generator" 8515:"Decoding Electric Car MPG: With Kilowatt-Hours, Small Is Beautiful" 7742:{\displaystyle PEF=E_{g}\times {\frac {1}{0.15}}\times AF\times DPF} 7400:= U.S. average fossil-fuel electricity generation efficiency = 0.328 4718:

rated by EPA as of January 2017 with MPGe and conventional MPG

2153:

Also for those that prefer kWh/100 mi an equivalent is simply:

1988:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 1580: 232:

100 ft (natural gas) = 0.823 gal-equivalent (natural gas)

12324:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2016/2015/2014 Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid" 9728: 9512:"Environmental Protection Agency Fuel Economy Label – Final Report" 9354: 6698: 5785: 4746: 3002: 2392:

alternative fuel for the same cost of a single gallon of gasoline.

1876: 1478: 1367:. The rating in kWh/100 miles is shown below MPG-e in smaller font. 1360: 626:{\displaystyle FE_{dual-fuel}=\left^{-1}=40\,mpg_{combined\,equiv}} 87:

efficient. Actual heat engines differ vastly from this assumption.

8550: 4618:

Leaf correspond to the variant with the 24 kW·h battery pack.

38:(left) is expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (mpg). 9957:"SAE Approves Method for Rating Plug-In Hybrid MPG and Emissions" 1659: 6693:. Hydrogen at atmospheric pressure has an energy density of 120 2992: 9720:

Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-duty Vehicles

8468:"Electric Vehicles – Learn More About the New Label | U.S. EPA" 5715: 4440: 3870: 3726: 1335: 1090: 1066: 76: 12044:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2017 Chrysler Pacifica Plug-in Hybrid" 11492:"Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, 2017 Model Year) Excludes EVs" 9272:

Energy use averaged 2.5 miles per AC kWh (0.4 AC kWh per mile)

9233:

Energy use averaged 2.5 miles per AC kWh (0.4 AC kWh per mile)

1654:

vehicles, cubic feet for compressed natural gas vehicles, and

235:

1 gal-equivalent (natural gas) = 0.15 gal (gasoline)

94:

The MPGe metric was introduced in November 2010 by EPA in the

12448: 12353:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2016/2015 Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid" 11613:"Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" 11505:

combined gas/electricity rating of 77 mpg-e (82/72 city/hwy).

10266:"Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" 10162:(Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015 6694: 6681:

is advertised to have a vehicle consumption of 72 mi/kg-

9435:"Why are the VOLT and LEAF EVs measured in Miles Per Gallon" 9402:. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canada. pp. 8879:"EPA, DOT unveil the next generation of fuel economy labels" 4620:(6) Ratings correspond to both convertible and coupe models. 1426:

As part of the research and redesign process, EPA conducted

11767:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2016 Hyundai Sonata Plug-in Hybrid" 9764:"Understanding the New Fuel Economy and Environment Labels" 6525:

available for sale or lease in California and rated by the

5037: 4896: 4589: 3292:

energy unit conversion factor (rounded) = 3.412 Btu/Wh

1146: 1098: 1003:, liquid fuels derived from coal and biological materials, 7889:{\displaystyle =82049{\frac {Wh}{gal}}\times AF\times DPF} 7429:= U.S. average electricity transmission efficiency = 0.924 7157:= Gasoline-equivalent energy content of electricity factor 1031: 11646:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2014 Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid" 9876: 8731: 6669:(GGE), using 33.7 kWh / gallon = 114989.17 btu / gallon. 5695:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 16 mi.

5645:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 33 mi.

5539:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 17 mi.

3213: 2497:

driving with an advertised range of 33 miles per charge.

1843: 1535: 1310: 12385:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2015/2014 McLaren Automotive P1" 9837: 7458:= Petroleum refining and distribution efficiency = 0.830 10040: 8383:, computed using the same 55%/45% urban/highway split. 1355:

for electric cars showing in prominent larger font the

1330:

for electric cars showing in prominent larger font the

995:

expanded the definition of alternative fuel to include

123:(NHTSA) and EPA established the new requirements for a 11825:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2013/2014/2015 Chevrolet Volt" 11693:

See table 7.3 - Overall fuel economy (mpg-e), pp. 100.

7091:{\displaystyle PEF=E_{g}\times FCF\times AF\times DPF} 1219:. Popular models available in California included the 11059:"2014/2015/2016 Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive" 9923: 9688:"E.P.A. Develops Grading System for New Car Stickers" 8193: 8028: 7958: 7952:

are 1, as they would be for a pure-electric vehicle,

7932: 7909: 7835: 7758: 7682: 7607: 7523: 7493: 7466: 7437: 7408: 7379: 7292: 7262: 7228: 7203: 7165: 7136: 7108: 7032: 6990: 6784: 6710: 4497:

34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km

4492:

29.8 kWh/100 mi; 18.5 kWh/100 km

4487:

31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km

4460:

51.9 kWh/100 mi; 32.2 kWh/100 km

4455:

55.3 kWh/100 mi; 34.3 kWh/100 km

4450:

53.5 kWh/100 mi; 33.2 kWh/100 km

4432:

45.5 kWh/100 mi; 28.3 kWh/100 km

4427:

43.2 kWh/100 mi; 26.9 kWh/100 km

4422:

44.3 kWh/100 mi; 27.6 kWh/100 km

4404:

40.6 kWh/100 mi; 25.2 kWh/100 km

4399:

39.7 kWh/100 mi; 24.6 kWh/100 km

4394:

40.1 kWh/100 mi; 24.9 kWh/100 km

4376:

37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km

4371:

38.3 kWh/100 mi; 23.8 kWh/100 km

4366:

37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km

4347:

37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km

4342:

37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km

4337:

37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km

4319:

35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km

4314:

37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km

4309:

36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km

4291:

34.4 kWh/100 mi; 21.4 kWh/100 km

4286:

37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km

4281:

36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km

4262:

34.7 kWh/100 mi; 21.6 kWh/100 km

4257:

35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km

4252:

35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km

4234:

31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km

4229:

35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km

4224:

33.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.9 kWh/100 km

4205:

33.0 kWh/100 mi; 20.5 kWh/100 km

4200:

33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km

4195:

33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km

4177:

34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km

4172:

30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km

4167:

32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km

4149:

36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km

4144:

28.1 kWh/100 mi; 17.5 kWh/100 km

4139:

32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km

4121:

36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km

4116:

27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km

4111:

31.5 kWh/100 mi; 19.6 kWh/100 km

4093:

32.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.3 kWh/100 km

4088:

27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km

4083:

30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km

4065:

33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km

4060:

27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km

4055:

30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km

4036:

34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km

4031:

26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km

4026:

30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km

4008:

33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km

4003:

26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km

3998:

29.6 kWh/100 mi; 18.4 kWh/100 km

3979:

32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km

3974:

26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km

3969:

29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km

3951:

31.2 kWh/100 mi; 19.4 kWh/100 km

3946:

27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km

3941:

29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km

3923:

32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km

3918:

25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km

3913:

28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km

3895:

31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km

3890:

26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km

3885:

28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km

3862:

30.9 kWh/100 mi; 19.2 kWh/100 km

3857:

26.3 kWh/100 mi; 16.4 kWh/100 km

3852:

28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km

3835:

30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km

3830:

27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km

3825:

28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km

3807:

29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km

3802:

27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km

3797:

27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km

3779:

32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km

3774:

24.4 kWh/100 mi; 15.2 kWh/100 km

3769:

27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km

3751:

30.4 kWh/100 mi; 18.9 kWh/100 km

3746:

24.6 kWh/100 mi; 15.3 kWh/100 km

3741:

27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km

3718:

27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km

3713:

22.5 kWh/100 mi; 14.0 kWh/100 km

3708:

24.8 kWh/100 mi; 15.4 kWh/100 km

3690:

25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km

3685:

22.8 kWh/100 mi; 14.2 kWh/100 km

3680:

23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km

3661:

29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km

3656:

26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km

3651:

27.4 kWh/100 mi; 17.0 kWh/100 km

3632:

24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km

3627:

23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km

3622:

24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km

3603:

26.5 kWh/100 mi; 16.5 kWh/100 km

3598:

22.0 kWh/100 mi; 13.7 kWh/100 km

3593:

24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km

3325: 3268: 3226: 3212:

energy content per gallon of gasoline = 115,000

3188: 3155: 3040: 2871: 2754: 2625: 2508: 2411: 2293: 2161: 2025: 1670: 1481:

that is equal to the energy in a gallon of gasoline.

1250:

The formula also includes a "fuel content factor" of

644: 386: 250: 9399:

Plug-in Hybrids: The Cars that will Recharge America

6125:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 13 mi.

6021:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 12 mi.

5969:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 14 mi.

5919:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 14 mi.

5817:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 14 mi.

5283:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 21 mi.

5173:

The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 27 mi.

1008:

special treatment in the calculation of their CAFE.

196: 159:(DOE) to publish the annual Fuel Economy Guide; the 11933: 11931: 10786:"2011–12 Electric Vehicles- 2012 Mitsubishi i-MiEV" 10446:"Compare Side-by-Side: 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric" 9506:Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA, and 9244:Electric Transportation Applications (March 2000). 4579:(1) Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h. 3250:

wall-to-wheel electrical energy consumed per mile (

1011: 12502: 11735:"Detailed Look At 2016 Chevrolet Volt EPA Ratings" 11572:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2014/2015/2016 BMW i3 REx" 11372: 11370: 11251:Current Model Year excludes all-electric vehicles. 11168:"Detailed Look At 2016 Chevrolet Volt EPA Ratings" 9723:. The National Academies Press. 2011. p. 12. 9009: 8353: 8175: 7999: 7944: 7918: 7888: 7820: 7741: 7639: 7592: 7506: 7472: 7450: 7421: 7392: 7361: 7275: 7240: 7212: 7177: 7149: 7120: 7090: 7003: 6976:Petroleum-equivalency factor (PEF) – a CAFE metric 6939: 6768: 4674:rated by EPA as of January 2017 expressed in 3489:Chevrolet Volt – second generation 3420: 3284: 3242: 3204: 3170: 3135: 2982: 2853: 2736: 2607: 2486: 2377: 2274: 2143: 1743: 981: 625: 367: 183:energy consumption. CAFE estimates are based on a 11915:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2011/2012 Chevrolet Volt" 11796:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2015/2016 Chevrolet Volt" 11713:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2017/2016 Chevrolet Volt" 11146:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2016/2015 Chevrolet Volt" 10924: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10351: 9018:100–494: Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 2224: 2190: 82:The unit of energy consumed is deemed to be 33.7 12581: 12511:100–494: Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 12411:and U.S. Department of Energy (September 2021). 12134:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Porsche 918 Spyder" 11928: 10956: 10954: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8539: 1501:(which does not use the term fuel consumption). 1453:expressed in MPGe, mandatory starting with 2013 30:'s fuel economy equivalent ratings for the 2011 12278: 12276: 12185: 12183: 12012:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2014/2015 Cadillac ELR" 11668: 11666: 11664: 11662: 11367: 11298: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11290: 10288: 10286: 9392: 9361:Two billion cars: driving toward sustainability 8512: 5693:During the first 16 mi uses some gasoline. 5643:During the first 33 mi uses some gasoline. 5537:During the first 17 mi uses some gasoline. 5460:95 mpg‑e (35 kW⋅h/100 mi)/ 4878:97 mpg‑e (35 kW⋅h/100 mi)/ 4823:During the first 25 mi might use some gasoline. 229:1 gal (alcohol) = 0.15 gal (gasoline) 12310: 12308: 12073:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2014/2015/2016 BMW i8" 11843: 11841: 11780: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11472: 10988: 10986: 10915: 10743: 10741: 10594: 10592: 10560: 9565:"Confusion Over MPG Ratings for Electric Cars" 9508:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 9106:National Institute of Standards and Technology 9081:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 9046:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 8641: 8639: 8637: 8635: 8465: 5462:81 mpg‑e (42 kW⋅h/100 mi) 4880:79 mpg‑e (43 kW⋅h/100 mi) 4581:(2) The 2014 i3 REx is classified by EPA as a 1396:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 1018:National Institute of Standards and Technology 121:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 12532: 12528: 12526: 12524: 12522: 12520: 12518: 12409:United States Environmental Protection Agency 12167:"Compare Side-by-Syde - 2017 BMW 740e xDrive" 11697: 11564:United States Environmental Protection Agency 11526:United States Environmental Protection Agency 11413:United States Environmental Protection Agency 11304:United States Environmental Protection Agency 11263:United States Environmental Protection Agency 11196:United States Environmental Protection Agency 10951: 10507:United States Environmental Protection Agency 10475:United States Environmental Protection Agency 10438:United States Environmental Protection Agency 10359:United States Environmental Protection Agency 10151: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10041:Nick Bunkley & Bill Vlasic (2010-10-14). 9685: 9501: 9499: 9319:Electric Transportation Applications (1997). 9283:Electric Transportation Applications (1997). 9205:Electric Transportation Applications (1996). 9169:Electric Transportation Applications (1999). 9133:Electric Transportation Applications (1996). 8926:Automotive Engineering International Online ( 8919: 8647:United States Environmental Protection Agency 8536: 8508: 8506: 6769:{\displaystyle MPGe=MPkg_{H_{2}}\times {GGE}} 4906:The 2014/16 i3 REx is the most fuel efficient 4632:(10) Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpg 2993:Electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles 1936:United States Environmental Protection Agency 58:United States Environmental Protection Agency 12273: 12180: 12030: 12028: 11732: 11659: 11407: 11405: 11287: 11165: 11117:"Compare Side-by-Side: 2012/13/14/15 BYD e6" 10609:"Compare Side-by-Syde - 2017 Chevrolet Bolt" 10401: 10283: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10246: 10244: 10184: 10182: 10180: 10143: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10133: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10125: 10099: 10097: 10008: 9879:"Fuel Economy Numbers for Electric Vehicles" 9545:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8760: 8495:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6672: 6466:Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpg combined 5591:gasoline/electricity rating of 54 mpg-e 5349:gasoline/electricity rating of 58 mpg-e 4970:efficient plug-in hybrid in blended EV mode 4815:The Prius Prime is the most energy-efficient 1949: 12305: 12152: 12150: 12091: 12089: 11838: 11599: 11597: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11469: 11437: 11334: 11130: 10983: 10799: 10738: 10589: 10469: 10467: 10465: 10318: 9588: 9562: 8970: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8688:"The True Cost of Powering an Electric Car" 8632: 6357:in EV mode (all-electric range = 0 mi) 5484:EV/hybrid operation rating of 51 mpg-e 4630:(9) Most fuel economic hybrid electric car. 12576:and U.S. Department of Energy, April 2014. 12515: 12260:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2012 Fisker Karma" 12157:Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, 11969: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11753: 11751: 11520: 11518: 11516: 11514: 11512: 11225: 11223: 11190: 11188: 11186: 11184: 10599:Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, 10430: 10314:The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg. 10065: 10004: 10002: 9833: 9831: 9829: 9496: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9386: 9348: 8968: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8873: 8871: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8796: 8503: 8371:, assuming a 55%/45% urban/highway split. 8000:{\displaystyle PEF=82049{\frac {Wh}{gal}}} 6359:The P1 has a rating for combined EV/hybrid 6355:as it consumes 4.8 gallons per 100 mi 6123:During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. 6019:During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. 5967:During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. 5917:During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. 5815:During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. 5761:The i8 has a rating for combined EV/hybrid 5753:as it consumes 0.1 gallons per 100 mi 5171:During the first 27 mi uses some gasoline. 12217: 12215: 12025: 11421:"Compare Side-by-Side - 2017 Prius Prime" 11402: 10241: 10177: 10122: 10094: 9004: 9002: 5474:for the first 20 miles in EPA tests, 5051:(city 95 mpg-e/hwy 81 mpg-e), the highest 3389: 3258:for electric cars and SAE test procedures 3104: 2004:Learn how and when to remove this message 1621:Learn how and when to remove this message 1061:Energy efficiency (MPGe, miles/33.7 kWh) 950: 897: 855: 798: 786: 605: 569: 528: 507: 442: 336: 304: 119:In a joint ruling issued in May 2011 the 12403: 12401: 12147: 12086: 11588: 11556: 10844:"2013 smart fortwo electric drive coupe" 10499: 10462: 10385:"2020 Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus" 9877:MIT Electric Vehicle Team (March 2008). 9558: 9556: 9071: 9069: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9025: 8781: 8756: 8754: 8752: 6950: 6432:Most fuel efficient hybrid electric car. 6243:The S E-Hybrid has a rating for combined 4678:(mpg-e), versus the most fuel efficient 2996: 1444: 1294:Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize 18: 11960: 11748: 11509: 11239:"Most Efficient EPA Certified Vehicles" 11220: 11181: 11002:"2016 Tesla Model X AWD - 90D and P90D" 10680: 10515:"Compare Side-by-Side: 2014 BMW i3 BEV" 10011:"3 Numbers to Rate Volt's Fuel Economy" 9999: 9826: 9420: 8947: 8900: 8868: 8822: 7640:{\displaystyle =12307{\frac {Wh}{gal}}} 6657: 6353:The P1 does not run on 100% electricity 5751:The i8 does not run on 100% electricity 5593:(city 54 mpg-e/hwy 55 mpg-e). 5486:(city 55 mpg-e/hwy 46 mpg-e). 5351:(city 59 mpg-e/hwy 56 mpg-e). 5227:gasoline/electricity rating of 62 mpg-e 5115:gasoline/electricity rating of 77 mpg-e 5049:gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e 5047:The 2017 i3 REx (94 A·h) has a combined 5043:range-extended battery-electric vehicle 4912:gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e 4908:EPA-certified current year vehicle with 4902:range-extended battery-electric vehicle 4827:gasoline/electricity rating of 78 mpg-e 4594:range-extended battery-electric vehicle 1761:Note: 1 kWh is equivalent to 3,412 BTU 1475:miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent 1215:(CARB) mandate for more fuel-efficient 1032:2000: Petroleum-equivalent fuel economy 1024:(GGE) as a metric for fuel economy for 60:(EPA) to compare energy consumption of 12582: 12437: 12371: 12369: 12212: 9872: 9870: 8999: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8466:EPA, OAR, OTAQ, US (13 October 2016). 8442: 8440: 6621: 6597: 6573: 5281: 5252: 3467:The following table compares official 1311:2010–2011: Miles per gallon equivalent 12466: 12398: 12377:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 12345:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 12316:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 12252:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 12163:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11939:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11907:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11899: 11878:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11759:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11674:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11638:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11605:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11484:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11445:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11398:The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg. 11378:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11342:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 11255: 11022:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10994:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10962:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10930:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10894:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10865:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10836:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10807:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10688:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10659:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10630:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10605:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10568:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10539:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10409:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10326:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10294:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10258:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 10218: 10216: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10043:"Plug-In Cars Pose Riddle for E.P.A." 9886:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 9799:"FE and Environment Label – Brochure" 9553: 9099:"Handbook 44 Appendix D -Definitions" 9066: 9022: 8749: 6955: 6507: 5345:functions like a regular Prius hybrid 5053:rating among 2017 MY plug-in hybrids. 4974:The Accord has a rating for combined 3551: 3548: 3545: 3256:EPA's five standard drive cycle tests 2017:reference, the complete equation is: 1570: 1334:rating in kWh/100 miles for the 2009 114:EPA's five standard drive cycle tests 43:Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent 12574:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12284:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12223:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12191:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12126:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12097:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12065:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12036:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12004:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11975:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11870: 11849:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11817:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11788:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11705:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11231:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11138:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11109:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11080:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11051:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 10778:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 10749:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 10717:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 9926:"Fuel Economy Guide Model Year 2018" 9806:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 9771:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 9659:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 9621:"2009 Tesla Roadster window sticker" 9519:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 8845:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 8724:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 8682: 8680: 8605: 8603: 8573: 8571: 8555:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 8425:List of unusual units of measurement 6527:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 4698:(9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg 4690:(4.2 L/100 km; 67 mpg 4684:Toyota Prius Eco (fourth generation) 4676:miles per gallon gasoline equivalent 4636:(9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg 4385:Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive 3503:(9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg 3497:Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation 3477:miles per gallon gasoline equivalent 3462: 3025:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1953: 1603:adding citations to reliable sources 1574: 1392:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1376:Energy Independence and Security Act 12366: 10224:Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 10190:Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2017 10157:Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 10105:Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2015 9867: 9437:. Electric Vehicle News. 2009-08-15 8835: 8709: 8437: 7128:= Petroleum-equivalent fuel economy 5476:but depending on the driving style, 5472:The Energi did not use any gasoline 3023:For battery electric vehicles, the 1646:for hydrogen vehicles, gallons for 13: 12570:Model Year 2014 Fuel Economy Guide 12507:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 12478:United States Department of Energy 10207: 9838:Michael Duoba; R. Carlson; J. Wu. 9014:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 6982:United States Department of Energy 5031:The EPA classifies the i3 REx as a 4890:The EPA classifies the i3 REx as a 4817:vehicle with a gasoline engine in 4662: 3520:(Fuel economy as displayed in the 2863:Calculate how many kWh per gallon 2807: 2787: 2617:Calculate how many kWh per gallon 2561: 2541: 2458: 2443: 2340: 2325: 2212: 2197: 2072: 2057: 1893:114,000 BTU (33.41 kWh) 1819:119,550 BTU (35.04 kWh) 1803:129,488 BTU (37.95 kWh) 1789:116,090 BTU (34.02 kWh) 1737:total energy of all fuels consumed 1691:total energy of all fuels consumed 1462:fuel economy and environment label 125:fuel economy and environment label 14: 12631: 12563: 9591:"Cranking the Volt to 100 M.P.G." 8677: 8600: 8568: 8414:Fuel efficiency in transportation 5482:The Energi models have a combined 4976:EV/hybrid operation of 57 mpg-e. 4910:a gasoline engine with a combined 3585:Long Range AWD w/ 18-inch wheels 1925:57,250 BTU (16.78 kWh) 1909:84,950 BTU (24.90 kWh) 1867:98,300 BTU (28.81 kWh) 1851:82,000 BTU (24.03 kWh) 1835:76,330 BTU (22.37 kWh) 1378:(EISA), with the introduction of 1363:gasoline equivalent for the 2011 1296:, a competition developed by the 197:1988: Alternative Motor Fuels Act 161:U.S. Department of Transportation 12495: 12474:"HFCIT Hydrogen Storage: Basics" 12337: 12244: 12118: 12057: 11996: 11809: 9913:GREET model retrieved 2011 01 20 6492:/kWh, premium gasoline price of 6245:EV/hybrid operation of 31 mpg-e. 5347:The 2012/15 Prius has a combined 5341:After the first 11 miles the car 4968:The 2014 Accord is the most fuel 4672:plug-in hybrid electric vehicles 4640:) combined city/hwy include the 1958: 1944:plug-in hybrid electric vehicles 1729:energy of one gallon of gasoline 1694:energy of one gallon of gasoline 1579: 1404:plug-in hybrid electric vehicles 1344: 1319: 1286: 1012:1994: Gasoline gallon equivalent 12423:from the original on 2015-08-14 11726: 11630: 11159: 11101: 11088:"2012/2013/2014 Toyota RAV4 EV" 11072: 11043: 11014: 10886: 10857: 10828: 10770: 10709: 10651: 10622: 10531: 10377: 10083:from the original on 2011-06-15 10054:from the original on 2018-01-30 10034: 10023:from the original on 2018-01-30 9988:from the original on 2024-05-15 9970: 9949: 9938:from the original on 2018-02-05 9917: 9906: 9895:from the original on 2011-07-20 9856:from the original on 2014-08-24 9815:from the original on 2016-09-18 9791: 9780:from the original on 2014-10-15 9756: 9745:from the original on 2016-09-19 9711: 9700:from the original on 2024-05-15 9679: 9668:from the original on 2011-02-13 9644: 9633:from the original on 2014-03-28 9613: 9602:from the original on 2016-07-20 9582: 9571:from the original on 2014-03-15 9528:from the original on 2011-02-13 9472: 9448: 9312: 9276: 9237: 9198: 9162: 9126: 9091: 9055:from the original on 2022-01-20 8988:from the original on 2010-12-10 8936:from the original on 2011-07-27 8889:from the original on 2011-05-29 8854:from the original on 2011-05-28 8811:from the original on 2010-11-27 8738:from the original on 2016-12-20 8698:from the original on 2024-05-15 8621:from the original on 2017-07-09 8611:"Natural Gas Residential Price" 8589:from the original on 2020-08-08 8525:from the original on 2011-01-02 8478:from the original on 2018-02-01 5480:and electricity during EV mode. 5225:The 2013/15 Volt has a combined 5113:The 2016/17 Volt has a combined 4608:has a combined fuel economy in 3305:versus battery-to wheel basis. 1590:needs additional citations for 1534:≈ 8.696 mi/(million 8513:Paul Seredynski (2010-12-21). 8459: 8398:Corporate Average Fuel Economy 8379:energy losses, is 284 MPG 7666:), and the transmission grid ( 7659:), conversion to electricity ( 7581: 7540: 5589:The 2014/15 ELR has a combined 3310:California Air Resources Board 2129: 2118: 2104: 2101: 1732: 1724: 1718: 1710: 1504: 1473:combustion engine vehicles is 1213:California Air Resources Board 1058:Energy efficiency (miles/kWh) 327: 298: 165:Corporate Average Fuel Economy 1: 8453: 6968:vehicles as displayed in the 5478:the car may use both gasoline 5328:plus 0.2 gallons/100 mi) 5229:(city 63 mpg-e/hwy 61 mpg-e). 5117:(city 82 mpg-e/hwy 72 mpg-e). 4914:(city 97 mpg-e/hwy 79 mpg-e). 4829:(city 83 mpg-e/hwy 73 mpg-e). 4825:The 2017 Prime has a combined 3446: 191: 12413:"Compare Fuel Cell Vehicles" 9686:Jim Motavalli (2010-08-30). 8920:Paul Weissler (2009-07-06). 8404:Energy conversion efficiency 4702:). The table also shows the 4680:gasoline-electric hybrid car 4243:Tesla Model S (60 kW·h) 3788:Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD 3012:it might be also powered by 1380:advanced-technology vehicles 72:vehicles rated in miles per 7: 11733:Eric Loveday (2015-09-01). 11166:Eric Loveday (2015-09-01). 10009:Nick Bunkley (2010-11-24). 9924:U.S. Department of Energy. 9847:Argonne National Laboratory 9510:, Us DoT (September 2010). 9358:and Deborah Gordon (2009). 8761:Nick Bunkley (2010-11-22). 8386: 6206:Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid 6148:Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid 4972:with a rating of 115 mpg-e. 4939:Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid 3614:Pure AWD w/ 19-inch wheels 3437:Argonne National Laboratory 2398: 1984:the claims made and adding 1451:hydrogen fuel cell vehicles 205:(AFVs) that are powered by 16:Measurement of fuel economy 10: 12636: 12292:"2016 Volvo XC90 AWD PHEV" 12231:"2015 Mercedes-Benz S550e" 10638:"2014 Chvevrolet Spark EV" 9589:Don Sherman (2008-11-13). 9563:Brad Berman (2009-07-29). 9294:, U.S. DoE. Archived from 9216:, U.S. DoE. Archived from 9180:, U.S. DoE. Archived from 9144:, U.S. DoE. Archived from 8419:Gasoline gallon equivalent 6966:internal combustion engine 6664:Gasoline gallon equivalent 6661: 6639:402 mi (647 km) 6615:312 mi (502 km) 6591:380 mi (610 km) 6529:as of September 2021 6403:Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen) 6268:Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid 6241:is between 0 to 15 mi 6181:is between 0 to 15 mi 5393:(36 kWh/100 mi)/ 5270:(35 kW-h/100 mi) 5099:(29 kWh/100 mi)/ 4520:Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen) 3814: 2285:model with the following: 1408:internal combustion engine 1022:gasoline gallon equivalent 141:hydrogen fuel cell vehicle 12535:IEEE Vehicular Technology 12381:U.S. Department of Energy 12349:U.S. Department of Energy 12320:U.S. Department of Energy 12288:U.S. Department of Energy 12256:U.S. Department of Energy 12227:U.S. Department of Energy 12195:U.S. Department of Energy 12159:U.S. Department of Energy 12130:U.S. Department of Energy 12101:U.S. Department of Energy 12069:U.S. Department of Energy 12040:U.S. Department of Energy 12008:U.S. Department of Energy 11979:U.S. Department of Energy 11943:U.S. Department of Energy 11911:U.S. Department of Energy 11882:U.S. Department of Energy 11853:U.S. Department of Energy 11821:U.S. Department of Energy 11792:U.S. Department of Energy 11763:U.S. Department of Energy 11709:U.S. Department of Energy 11642:U.S. Department of Energy 11609:U.S. Department of Energy 11568:U.S. Department of Energy 11530:U.S. Department of Energy 11488:U.S. Department of Energy 11449:U.S. Department of Energy 11417:U.S. Department of Energy 11382:U.S. Department of Energy 11346:U.S. Department of Energy 11308:U.S. Department of Energy 11267:U.S. Department of Energy 11235:U.S. Department of Energy 11200:U.S. Department of Energy 11142:U.S. Department of Energy 11113:U.S. Department of Energy 11084:U.S. Department of Energy 11055:U.S. Department of Energy 11026:U.S. Department of Energy 10998:U.S. Department of Energy 10966:U.S. Department of Energy 10934:U.S. Department of Energy 10898:U.S. Department of Energy 10869:U.S. Department of Energy 10840:U.S. Department of Energy 10811:U.S. Department of Energy 10782:U.S. Department of Energy 10753:U.S. Department of Energy 10721:U.S. Department of Energy 10692:U.S. Department of Energy 10663:U.S. Department of Energy 10634:U.S. Department of Energy 10601:U.S. Department of Energy 10572:U.S. Department of Energy 10543:U.S. Department of Energy 10511:U.S. Department of Energy 10479:U.S. Department of Energy 10442:U.S. Department of Energy 10413:U.S. Department of Energy 10367:"How Vehicles Are Tested" 10363:U.S. Department of Energy 10330:U.S. Department of Energy 10298:U.S. Department of Energy 10262:U.S. Department of Energy 9328:Idaho National Laboratory 9292:Idaho National Laboratory 9253:Idaho National Laboratory 9214:Idaho National Laboratory 9178:Idaho National Laboratory 9142:Idaho National Laboratory 8797:Fred Meier (2010-11-24). 8651:U.S. Department of Energy 8374:For comparison, the 2017 6673:Hydrogen example with GGE 6645: 6534: 6521: 6486: 6351: 6348: 6340:(25 kWh/100 mi) 6325: 6320: 6297: 6294: 6286:(69 kWh/100 mi) 6271: 6266: 6235: 6232: 6224:(52 kWh/100 mi) 6209: 6204: 6175: 6172: 6164:(51 kWh/100 mi) 6151: 6146: 6121: 6118: 6110:(58 kWh/100 mi) 6097: 6092: 6069: 6066: 6058:(62 kWh/100 mi) 6047: 6042: 6017: 6014: 6006:(59 kWh/100 mi) 5993: 5988: 5965: 5962: 5954:(59 kWh/100 mi) 5943: 5938: 5915: 5912: 5904:(52 kWh/100 mi) 5893: 5888: 5865: 5862: 5854:(50 kWh/100 mi) 5843: 5838: 5813: 5810: 5802:(47 kWh/100 mi) 5789: 5784: 5749: 5746: 5738:(43 kWh/100 mi) 5719: 5714: 5691: 5688: 5680:(40 kWh/100 mi) 5669: 5664: 5641: 5638: 5630:(40 kWh/100 mi) 5619: 5614: 5587: 5584: 5576:(41 kWh/100 mi) 5563: 5558: 5535: 5532: 5524:(38 kWh/100 mi) 5513: 5507: 5470: 5467: 5457:(37 kWh/100 mi) 5438: 5428: 5405: 5402: 5397:(37 kWh/100 mi) 5388:(36 kWh/100 mi) 5377: 5372: 5339: 5336: 5307: 5302: 5278: 5257: 5223: 5220: 5212:(35 kWh/100 mi) 5197: 5192: 5169: 5166: 5158:(34 kWh/100 mi) 5145: 5140: 5111: 5108: 5103:(34 kWh/100 mi) 5094:(31 kWh/100 mi) 5081: 5076: 5029: 5026: 5018:(30 kWh/100 mi) 5007: 4997: 4966: 4963: 4955:(29 kWh/100 mi) 4942: 4937: 4888: 4885: 4875:(29 kWh/100 mi) 4860: 4850: 4813: 4810: 4802:(25 kWh/100 mi) 4791: 4786: 4728:fueleconomy.gov website) 4715: 4573: 4549:Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0L 4499: 4481: 4469:Second gen Chevrolet Volt 3540: 3537: 3532: 3529: 3516: 3481:plug-in electric vehicles 3254:/mi) as measured through 1950:Conversion to MPG by cost 1940:battery electric vehicles 1432:plug-in electric vehicles 1406:(PHEV), and conventional 1400:battery electric vehicles 1240:U.S. Department of Energy 993:Energy Policy Act of 1992 203:alternative fuel vehicles 157:U.S. Department of Energy 66:plug-in electric vehicles 62:alternative fuel vehicles 10873:"2015 Kia Soul Electric" 10725:"2015 Volkswagen e-Golf" 9330:, US DoE. Archived from 9255:, US DoE. Archived from 8579:"EIA – Electricity Data" 8430: 7013:battery electric vehicle 5616:Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid 5326:(29 kWh/100 mi 5194:Chevrolet Volt (1st gen) 5078:Chevrolet Volt (2nd gen) 4528:Gasoline-electric hybrid 4328:Tesla Model X AWD – P90D 4271:Tesla Model S AWD - P85D 3493:gasoline-electric hybrid 3433:hybrid electric vehicles 1523:≈ 1 mi/(33.70 1384:greenhouse gas emissions 1374:As required by the 2007 169:Internal Revenue Service 167:(CAFE) program; and the 163:(DOT) to administer the 12543:10.1109/MVT.2009.934662 12199:"2016 BMW X5 xDrive40e" 9366:Oxford University Press 7018:electric drive vehicles 4706:for plug-in hybrids in 4622:(7) Model with 85 4524:Hybrid electric vehicle 4300:Tesla Model X AWD – 90D 4214:Tesla Model S AWD - 85D 4186:Tesla Model S AWD - 70D 3538:EPA rated fuel economy 1555:≈ 0.04775 km/kW·h 1217:zero-emissions vehicles 997:liquefied petroleum gas 12537:. IEEE. pp. 4–8. 12480:. 2007. Archived from 12451:. 2008. Archived from 9959:. EV World. 2010-07-01 9108:. 2007. Archived from 8393:Alternative propulsion 8355: 8177: 8001: 7946: 7920: 7890: 7822: 7743: 7641: 7594: 7508: 7474: 7452: 7423: 7394: 7363: 7277: 7242: 7214: 7179: 7151: 7122: 7092: 7005: 6941: 6770: 6361:operation of 17 mpg-e. 5763:operation of 37 mpg-e. 4646:Toyota Camry A-S6 3.5L 4642:Honda Accord A-S6 3.5L 4600:Hyundai Ioniq Electric 3699:Hyundai Ioniq Electric 3422: 3301:vehicles is made on a 3286: 3285:{\displaystyle E_{E}=} 3244: 3243:{\displaystyle E_{M}=} 3206: 3205:{\displaystyle E_{G}=} 3172: 3137: 3008: 2984: 2855: 2738: 2609: 2488: 2379: 2276: 2145: 1745: 1470:alternative propulsion 1457: 983: 627: 369: 219:flexible-fuel vehicles 137:flexible-fuel vehicles 39: 10902:"2012 Ford Focus BEV" 10576:"2020 Model 3 LR AWD" 9368:, New York. pp. 8356: 8178: 8002: 7947: 7921: 7903:As noted above, when 7891: 7823: 7744: 7642: 7595: 7509: 7507:{\displaystyle E_{g}} 7475: 7453: 7451:{\displaystyle T_{p}} 7424: 7422:{\displaystyle T_{t}} 7395: 7393:{\displaystyle T_{g}} 7364: 7278: 7276:{\displaystyle E_{g}} 7243: 7215: 7180: 7152: 7150:{\displaystyle E_{g}} 7123: 7093: 7006: 7004:{\displaystyle E_{g}} 6951:Life cycle assessment 6942: 6771: 6468:city/hwy include the 6442:(Average new vehicle) 5990:Mercedes-Benz S 500 e 5890:BMW 740e iPerformance 5036:plug-in hybrid while 4895:plug-in hybrid while 4720:(as displayed in the 4650:Toyota RAV4 A-S6 2.5L 4554:(Average new vehicle) 3479:, mpg-e or MPGe, for 3423: 3287: 3245: 3207: 3173: 3138: 3000: 2985: 2856: 2739: 2610: 2489: 2380: 2277: 2146: 1746: 1652:liquefied natural gas 1448: 984: 628: 370: 22: 11030:"2012 Tesla Model S" 8551:"Fuel Economy Label" 8191: 8026: 7956: 7930: 7907: 7833: 7756: 7680: 7605: 7521: 7491: 7464: 7435: 7406: 7377: 7290: 7260: 7226: 7201: 7163: 7134: 7106: 7030: 6988: 6782: 6708: 6658:Conversion using GGE 6439:Ford Fusion AWD 2.0L 4505:Volt, Gasoline only 4490:113 mpg‑e 4485:106 mpg‑e 4232:106 mpg‑e 4222:100 mpg‑e 4203:102 mpg‑e 4198:101 mpg‑e 4193:101 mpg‑e 4170:110 mpg‑e 4165:105 mpg‑e 4142:120 mpg‑e 4137:105 mpg‑e 4114:122 mpg‑e 4109:107 mpg‑e 4102:Smart electric drive 4091:103 mpg‑e 4086:121 mpg‑e 4081:112 mpg‑e 4063:101 mpg‑e 4058:124 mpg‑e 4053:112 mpg‑e 4029:126 mpg‑e 4024:112 mpg‑e 4006:101 mpg‑e 4001:126 mpg‑e 3996:114 mpg‑e 3977:105 mpg‑e 3972:126 mpg‑e 3967:116 mpg‑e 3949:108 mpg‑e 3944:122 mpg‑e 3939:116 mpg‑e 3921:105 mpg‑e 3916:132 mpg‑e 3911:118 mpg‑e 3893:106 mpg‑e 3888:129 mpg‑e 3883:118 mpg‑e 3860:109 mpg‑e 3855:128 mpg‑e 3850:119 mpg‑e 3833:110 mpg‑e 3828:121 mpg‑e 3823:119 mpg‑e 3805:116 mpg‑e 3800:124 mpg‑e 3795:121 mpg‑e 3777:105 mpg‑e 3772:138 mpg‑e 3767:121 mpg‑e 3749:111 mpg‑e 3744:137 mpg‑e 3739:124 mpg‑e 3716:122 mpg‑e 3711:150 mpg‑e 3706:136 mpg‑e 3688:132 mpg‑e 3683:148 mpg‑e 3678:141 mpg‑e 3659:116 mpg‑e 3654:129 mpg‑e 3649:123 mpg‑e 3630:140 mpg‑e 3625:141 mpg‑e 3620:140 mpg‑e 3601:127 mpg‑e 3596:153 mpg‑e 3591:140 mpg‑e 3323: 3266: 3224: 3186: 3171:{\displaystyle MPGe} 3153: 3038: 2869: 2752: 2623: 2506: 2409: 2291: 2159: 2023: 1668: 1599:improve this article 1359:rating in miles per 1026:natural gas vehicles 642: 384: 248: 145:natural gas vehicles 12620:Energy in transport 12615:Transport economics 12595:Energy conservation 10667:"2013 Honda Fit EV" 10389:www.fueleconomy.gov 10371:www.fueleconomy.gov 7945:{\displaystyle DPF} 7241:{\displaystyle DPF} 7178:{\displaystyle FCF} 7121:{\displaystyle PEF} 5142:Hyundai Sonata PHEV 4686:, rated 56 mpg 4495:99 mpg‑e 4458:65 mpg‑e 4453:61 mpg‑e 4448:63 mpg‑e 4430:74 mpg‑e 4425:78 mpg‑e 4420:76 mpg‑e 4402:83 mpg‑e 4397:85 mpg‑e 4392:84 mpg‑e 4374:90 mpg‑e 4369:88 mpg‑e 4364:89 mpg‑e 4345:90 mpg‑e 4340:89 mpg‑e 4335:89 mpg‑e 4317:94 mpg‑e 4312:90 mpg‑e 4307:92 mpg‑e 4289:98 mpg‑e 4284:89 mpg‑e 4279:93 mpg‑e 4260:97 mpg‑e 4255:94 mpg‑e 4250:95 mpg‑e 4227:95 mpg‑e 4175:99 mpg‑e 4158:Ford Focus Electric 4147:92 mpg‑e 4119:93 mpg‑e 4034:99 mpg‑e 3299:internal combustion 1562:≈ 0.013 km/MJ 1038: 891: 834: 70:internal combustion 12165:and (2016-09-19). 10607:and (2016-09-20). 10547:"2013 Scion iQ EV" 10417:"2020 Model 3 SR+" 10077:Green Car Congress 10047:The New York Times 10016:The New York Times 9693:The New York Times 9626:The New York Times 9595:The New York Times 9567:. HybridCars.com. 9484:X Prize Foundation 9460:X Prize Foundation 8883:Green Car Congress 8768:The New York Times 8726:(EPA) (May 2011). 8351: 8173: 7997: 7942: 7919:{\displaystyle AF} 7916: 7886: 7818: 7739: 7637: 7590: 7504: 7470: 7448: 7419: 7390: 7359: 7273: 7238: 7213:{\displaystyle AF} 7210: 7175: 7147: 7118: 7088: 7001: 6956:Pump/Well-to-wheel 6937: 6766: 6508:Fuel cell vehicles 6239:all-electric range 6179:all-electric range 5840:Porsche 918 Spyder 5757:all-electric range 5435:Ford Fusion Energi 5254:Ford Fusion Energi 4788:Toyota Prius Prime 3843:Chevrolet Spark EV 3418: 3282: 3240: 3202: 3168: 3133: 3009: 2980: 2851: 2734: 2605: 2484: 2375: 2272: 2141: 1969:possibly contains 1741: 1715:total miles driven 1682:total miles driven 1571:Conversion to MPGe 1545:≈ 0.02967 mi/ 1458: 1449:Typical label for 1298:X Prize Foundation 1229:electric utilities 1221:General Motors EV1 1036: 1020:(NIST) introduced 979: 859: 802: 623: 365: 40: 12387:. Fueleconomy.gov 12355:. Fueleconomy.gov 12326:. Fueleconomy.gov 12294:. Fueleconomy.gov 12262:. Fueleconomy.gov 12233:. Fueleconomy.gov 12201:. Fueleconomy.gov 12169:. fueleconomy.gov 12136:. Fueleconomy.gov 12107:. Fueleconomy.gov 12075:. Fueleconomy.gov 12046:. Fueleconomy.gov 12014:. Fueleconomy.gov 11985:. Fueleconomy.gov 11949:. Fueleconomy.gov 11917:. Fueleconomy.gov 11888:. Fueleconomy.gov 11859:. Fueleconomy.gov 11827:. Fueleconomy.gov 11798:. Fueleconomy.gov 11769:. Fueleconomy.gov 11715:. Fueleconomy.gov 11648:. Fueleconomy.gov 11615:. fueleconomy.gov 11494:. fueleconomy.gov 11455:. fueleconomy.gov 11388:. Fueleconomy.gov 11352:. Fueleconomy.gov 11241:. fueleconomy.gov 11148:. Fueleconomy.gov 11119:. Fueleconomy.gov 11090:. Fueleconomy.gov 11061:. Fueleconomy.gov 11032:. Fueleconomy.gov 10972:. Fueleconomy.gov 10940:. Fueleconomy.gov 10904:. Fueleconomy.gov 10875:. Fueleconomy.gov 10846:. Fueleconomy.gov 10817:. Fueleconomy.gov 10788:. Fueleconomy.gov 10759:. Fueleconomy.gov 10727:. Fueleconomy.gov 10698:. Fueleconomy.gov 10669:. Fueleconomy.gov 10640:. Fueleconomy.gov 10611:. fueleconomy.gov 10578:. Fueleconomy.gov 10549:. Fueleconomy.gov 10419:. Fueleconomy.gov 10336:. Fueleconomy.gov 10304:. Fueleconomy.gov 10268:. fueleconomy.gov 9982:SAE International 9738:978-0-309-15607-3 9413:978-0-86571-571-4 9379:978-0-19-537664-7 9087:on June 12, 2002. 8928:SAE International 8376:Chevrolet Bolt EV 8349: 8310: 8296: 8254: 8224: 8171: 7995: 7863: 7795: 7789: 7716: 7635: 7588: 7579: 7473:{\displaystyle C} 7357: 7283:, is defined as: 6962:energy efficiency 6916: 6835: 6679:Honda FCX Clarity 6655: 6654: 6651: 6505: 6504: 6501: 6482: 6475:Toyota Camry 3.5L 6470:Honda Accord 3.5L 6433: 6410:Gasoline-electric 6362: 6300: 6299:Premium gasoline. 6246: 6184: 6183:Premium gasoline. 6128: 6127:Premium gasoline. 6072: 6071:Premium gasoline. 6024: 6023:Premium gasoline. 5970: 5920: 5868: 5867:Premium gasoline. 5820: 5819:Premium gasoline. 5764: 5696: 5646: 5594: 5540: 5487: 5430:Ford C-Max Energi 5408: 5407:Premium gasoline. 5352: 5342: 5284: 5232: 5231:Premium gasoline. 5174: 5120: 5119:Regular gasoline. 5054: 4977: 4915: 4830: 4779: 4708:all-electric mode 4669:serial production 4657: 4656: 4610:all-electric mode 4602:in November 2016. 4445:2012/13/14/15/16 4162:2012/13/14/15/16 3960:Volkswagen e-Golf 3816:Chevrolet Bolt EV 3525: 3463:All-electric cars 3457:all-electric mode 3416: 3402: 3397: 3378: 3312:uses a different 3131: 3117: 3112: 3093: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2946: 2936: 2933: 2929: 2920: 2910: 2906: 2893: 2883: 2875: 2849: 2845: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2819: 2817: 2799: 2797: 2776: 2766: 2758: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2700: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2674: 2664: 2660: 2647: 2637: 2629: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2573: 2571: 2553: 2551: 2530: 2520: 2512: 2482: 2474: 2472: 2466: 2464: 2451: 2449: 2433: 2423: 2415: 2373: 2365: 2363: 2357: 2333: 2331: 2315: 2305: 2297: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2254: 2250: 2238: 2220: 2218: 2205: 2203: 2183: 2173: 2165: 2139: 2127: 2110: 2098: 2088: 2086: 2080: 2078: 2065: 2063: 2047: 2037: 2029: 2014: 2013: 2006: 1971:original research 1932: 1931: 1739: 1738: 1730: 1716: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1683: 1674: 1631: 1630: 1623: 1566: 1565: 1209: 1208: 1187:Chevrolet S-10 EV 1016:In 1994 the U.S. 933: 836: 766: 687: 547: 493: 293: 215:natural gas fuels 173:gas guzzler taxes 171:(IRS) to collect 133:electric vehicles 36:all-electric mode 34:. The rating for 12627: 12605:Equivalent units 12600:Energy economics 12558: 12554: 12530: 12513: 12508: 12504: 12499: 12493: 12492: 12490: 12489: 12470: 12464: 12463: 12461: 12460: 12441: 12435: 12431: 12429: 12428: 12405: 12396: 12395: 12393: 12392: 12373: 12364: 12363: 12361: 12360: 12341: 12335: 12334: 12332: 12331: 12312: 12303: 12302: 12300: 12299: 12280: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12267: 12248: 12242: 12241: 12239: 12238: 12219: 12210: 12209: 12207: 12206: 12187: 12178: 12177: 12175: 12174: 12154: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12141: 12122: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12112: 12093: 12084: 12083: 12081: 12080: 12061: 12055: 12054: 12052: 12051: 12032: 12023: 12022: 12020: 12019: 12000: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11990: 11971: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11954: 11935: 11926: 11925: 11923: 11922: 11903: 11897: 11896: 11894: 11893: 11874: 11868: 11867: 11865: 11864: 11845: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11832: 11813: 11807: 11806: 11804: 11803: 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11774: 11755: 11746: 11745: 11743: 11742: 11730: 11724: 11723: 11721: 11720: 11701: 11695: 11691: 11689: 11688: 11682: 11676:(October 2014). 11670: 11657: 11656: 11654: 11653: 11634: 11628: 11623: 11621: 11620: 11601: 11586: 11585: 11583: 11582: 11560: 11554: 11550: 11548: 11547: 11538: 11522: 11507: 11502: 11500: 11499: 11480: 11467: 11463: 11461: 11460: 11441: 11435: 11434: 11432: 11431: 11409: 11400: 11396: 11394: 11393: 11374: 11365: 11360: 11358: 11357: 11338: 11332: 11328: 11326: 11325: 11316: 11300: 11285: 11284: 11282: 11281: 11259: 11253: 11249: 11247: 11246: 11227: 11218: 11217: 11215: 11214: 11192: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11163: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11153: 11134: 11128: 11127: 11125: 11124: 11105: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11095: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11067: 11066: 11047: 11041: 11040: 11038: 11037: 11018: 11012: 11011: 11009: 11008: 10990: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10977: 10958: 10949: 10948: 10946: 10945: 10926: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10909: 10890: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10880: 10861: 10855: 10854: 10852: 10851: 10832: 10826: 10825: 10823: 10822: 10815:"2016 Fiat 500e" 10803: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10793: 10774: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10764: 10745: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10732: 10713: 10707: 10706: 10704: 10703: 10696:"2013 Fiat 500e" 10684: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10674: 10655: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10645: 10626: 10620: 10619: 10617: 10616: 10596: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10583: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10554: 10535: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10494: 10493: 10471: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10456: 10434: 10428: 10427: 10425: 10424: 10405: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10395: 10381: 10375: 10374: 10355: 10349: 10344: 10342: 10341: 10322: 10316: 10312: 10310: 10309: 10290: 10281: 10279:gasoline engine. 10276: 10274: 10273: 10254: 10239: 10238: 10236: 10234: 10228: 10220: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10194: 10186: 10175: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10161: 10153: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10109: 10101: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10088: 10069: 10063: 10062: 10060: 10059: 10038: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10028: 10006: 9997: 9996: 9994: 9993: 9974: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9964: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9943: 9937: 9930: 9921: 9915: 9910: 9904: 9903: 9901: 9900: 9894: 9883: 9874: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9861: 9855: 9844: 9835: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9820: 9814: 9803: 9795: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9785: 9779: 9768: 9760: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9750: 9715: 9709: 9708: 9706: 9705: 9683: 9677: 9676: 9674: 9673: 9667: 9656: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9638: 9617: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9607: 9586: 9580: 9579: 9577: 9576: 9560: 9551: 9550: 9544: 9536: 9534: 9533: 9527: 9516: 9503: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9466: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9442: 9431: 9418: 9417: 9390: 9384: 9383: 9356:Sperling, Daniel 9352: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9342: 9336: 9325: 9316: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9306: 9300: 9289: 9280: 9274: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9261: 9250: 9241: 9235: 9231: 9229: 9228: 9222: 9211: 9202: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9192: 9186: 9175: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9156: 9150: 9139: 9130: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9120: 9114: 9103: 9095: 9089: 9088: 9083:. Archived from 9073: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9060: 9054: 9043: 9035: 9020: 9015: 9011: 9006: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8993: 8987: 8980: 8972: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8917: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8894: 8875: 8866: 8864:EPA-420-F-11-017 8862: 8860: 8859: 8853: 8842: 8836:EPA (May 2011). 8833: 8820: 8819: 8817: 8816: 8794: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8775: 8758: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8743: 8720: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8703: 8684: 8675: 8671: 8669: 8668: 8659: 8643: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8626: 8607: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8575: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8547: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8530: 8510: 8501: 8500: 8494: 8486: 8484: 8483: 8463: 8447: 8444: 8360: 8358: 8357: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8347: 8346: 8327: 8319: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8297: 8295: 8287: 8279: 8266: 8262: 8255: 8253: 8245: 8237: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8212: 8204: 8198: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8169: 8165: 8164: 8163: 8145: 8144: 8118: 8114: 8113: 8112: 8091: 8090: 8063: 8052: 8047: 8046: 8006: 8004: 8003: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7983: 7975: 7951: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7887: 7864: 7862: 7851: 7843: 7827: 7825: 7824: 7819: 7796: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7777: 7769: 7763: 7748: 7746: 7745: 7740: 7717: 7709: 7704: 7703: 7646: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7623: 7615: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7591: 7589: 7584: 7580: 7578: 7567: 7559: 7538: 7533: 7532: 7514:is computed as: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7503: 7502: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7471: 7457: 7455: 7454: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7418: 7417: 7399: 7397: 7396: 7391: 7389: 7388: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7346: 7342: 7335: 7334: 7322: 7321: 7307: 7302: 7301: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7274: 7272: 7271: 7247: 7245: 7244: 7239: 7219: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7194: 7193: 7189: 7184: 7182: 7181: 7176: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7127: 7125: 7124: 7119: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7054: 7053: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6970:Monroney sticker 6946: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6913: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6845: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6812: 6804: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6765: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6692: 6691: 6690: 6646: 6519: 6518: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6479:Toyota RAV4 2.5L 6465: 6431: 6352: 6298: 6236: 6176: 6122: 6070: 6051:Electricity only 6018: 5966: 5947:Electricity only 5940:BMW X5 xDrive40e 5916: 5897:Electricity only 5866: 5847:Electricity only 5814: 5750: 5692: 5673:Electricity only 5642: 5623:Electricity only 5588: 5569:Electricity only 5536: 5517:Electricity only 5471: 5406: 5383:Electricity only 5344: 5340: 5304:Toyota Prius PHV 5282: 5224: 5205:Electricity only 5170: 5112: 5087:Electricity only 5030: 5011:Electricity only 4967: 4889: 4868:Electricity only 4814: 4778:(15,000 mi) 4777: 4713: 4712: 4552:Gasoline-powered 4478:Electricity only 3754:(1) (3) (4) (5) 3519: 3514: 3513: 3427: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3363: 3362: 3352: 3351: 3342: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3277: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3197: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3078: 3077: 3067: 3066: 3057: 2989: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2911: 2908: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2876: 2873: 2860: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2785: 2782: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2767: 2764: 2759: 2756: 2743: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2635: 2630: 2627: 2614: 2612: 2611: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2559: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2442: 2439: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2424: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2339: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2324: 2321: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2295: 2281: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2174: 2171: 2166: 2163: 2150: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2128: 2125: 2111: 2108: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2056: 2053: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2038: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2009: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1989: 1986:inline citations 1962: 1961: 1954: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1764: 1763: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1672: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1626: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1583: 1575: 1517: 1516: 1498:Fuel consumption 1466:alternative fuel 1348: 1323: 1303:Consumer Reports 1281: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1265: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1048:Type of battery 1039: 1035: 988: 986: 985: 980: 978: 977: 943: 939: 938: 934: 932: 931: 930: 892: 890: 885: 850: 841: 837: 835: 833: 828: 793: 781: 767: 765: 764: 763: 726: 725: 724: 690: 688: 680: 675: 674: 632: 630: 629: 624: 622: 621: 562: 561: 553: 549: 548: 546: 545: 544: 499: 494: 492: 491: 490: 434: 423: 422: 374: 372: 371: 366: 364: 363: 326: 325: 294: 286: 281: 280: 153:gasoline-powered 96:Monroney sticker 12635: 12634: 12630: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12625: 12624: 12580: 12579: 12566: 12561: 12556:alternative URL 12531: 12516: 12506: 12500: 12496: 12487: 12485: 12472: 12471: 12467: 12458: 12456: 12443: 12442: 12438: 12426: 12424: 12417:fueleconomy.gov 12406: 12399: 12390: 12388: 12374: 12367: 12358: 12356: 12342: 12338: 12329: 12327: 12313: 12306: 12297: 12295: 12281: 12274: 12265: 12263: 12249: 12245: 12236: 12234: 12220: 12213: 12204: 12202: 12188: 12181: 12172: 12170: 12155: 12148: 12139: 12137: 12123: 12119: 12110: 12108: 12105:"2016 BMW 330e" 12094: 12087: 12078: 12076: 12062: 12058: 12049: 12047: 12033: 12026: 12017: 12015: 12001: 11997: 11988: 11986: 11972: 11961: 11952: 11950: 11936: 11929: 11920: 11918: 11904: 11900: 11891: 11889: 11875: 11871: 11862: 11860: 11846: 11839: 11830: 11828: 11814: 11810: 11801: 11799: 11785: 11781: 11772: 11770: 11756: 11749: 11740: 11738: 11737:. InsideEVs.com 11731: 11727: 11718: 11716: 11702: 11698: 11686: 11684: 11680: 11671: 11660: 11651: 11649: 11635: 11631: 11618: 11616: 11602: 11589: 11580: 11578: 11576:fueleconomy.gov 11561: 11557: 11545: 11543: 11541:fueleconomy.gov 11536: 11523: 11510: 11497: 11495: 11481: 11470: 11458: 11456: 11442: 11438: 11429: 11427: 11425:fueleconomy.gov 11410: 11403: 11391: 11389: 11375: 11368: 11355: 11353: 11339: 11335: 11323: 11321: 11319:fueleconomy.gov 11314: 11301: 11288: 11279: 11277: 11275:fueleconomy.gov 11260: 11256: 11244: 11242: 11228: 11221: 11212: 11210: 11208:fueleconomy.gov 11193: 11182: 11173: 11171: 11170:. InsideEVs.com 11164: 11160: 11151: 11149: 11135: 11131: 11122: 11120: 11106: 11102: 11093: 11091: 11077: 11073: 11064: 11062: 11048: 11044: 11035: 11033: 11019: 11015: 11006: 11004: 10991: 10984: 10975: 10973: 10959: 10952: 10943: 10941: 10927: 10916: 10907: 10905: 10891: 10887: 10878: 10876: 10862: 10858: 10849: 10847: 10833: 10829: 10820: 10818: 10804: 10800: 10791: 10789: 10775: 10771: 10762: 10760: 10746: 10739: 10730: 10728: 10714: 10710: 10701: 10699: 10685: 10681: 10672: 10670: 10656: 10652: 10643: 10641: 10627: 10623: 10614: 10612: 10597: 10590: 10581: 10579: 10565: 10561: 10552: 10550: 10536: 10532: 10523: 10521: 10519:fueleconomy.gov 10504: 10500: 10491: 10489: 10487:fueleconomy.gov 10472: 10463: 10454: 10452: 10450:fueleconomy.gov 10435: 10431: 10422: 10420: 10406: 10402: 10393: 10391: 10383: 10382: 10378: 10356: 10352: 10339: 10337: 10323: 10319: 10307: 10305: 10291: 10284: 10271: 10269: 10255: 10242: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10221: 10208: 10198: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10187: 10178: 10165: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10154: 10123: 10113: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10102: 10095: 10086: 10084: 10071: 10070: 10066: 10057: 10055: 10039: 10035: 10026: 10024: 10007: 10000: 9991: 9989: 9976: 9975: 9971: 9962: 9960: 9955: 9954: 9950: 9941: 9939: 9935: 9928: 9922: 9918: 9911: 9907: 9898: 9896: 9892: 9881: 9875: 9868: 9859: 9857: 9853: 9842: 9836: 9827: 9818: 9816: 9812: 9801: 9797: 9796: 9792: 9783: 9781: 9777: 9766: 9762: 9761: 9757: 9748: 9746: 9739: 9717: 9716: 9712: 9703: 9701: 9684: 9680: 9671: 9669: 9665: 9661:. August 2010. 9654: 9650: 9649: 9645: 9636: 9634: 9619: 9618: 9614: 9605: 9603: 9587: 9583: 9574: 9572: 9561: 9554: 9538: 9537: 9531: 9529: 9525: 9514: 9504: 9497: 9488: 9486: 9478: 9477: 9473: 9464: 9462: 9454: 9453: 9449: 9440: 9438: 9433: 9432: 9421: 9414: 9394:Sherry Boschert 9391: 9387: 9380: 9353: 9349: 9340: 9338: 9334: 9323: 9317: 9313: 9304: 9302: 9298: 9287: 9281: 9277: 9265: 9263: 9259: 9248: 9242: 9238: 9226: 9224: 9220: 9209: 9203: 9199: 9190: 9188: 9184: 9173: 9167: 9163: 9154: 9152: 9148: 9137: 9131: 9127: 9118: 9116: 9112: 9101: 9097: 9096: 9092: 9075: 9074: 9067: 9058: 9056: 9052: 9041: 9037: 9036: 9023: 9013: 9007: 9000: 8991: 8989: 8985: 8978: 8974: 8973: 8948: 8939: 8937: 8918: 8901: 8892: 8890: 8877: 8876: 8869: 8857: 8855: 8851: 8840: 8834: 8823: 8814: 8812: 8795: 8782: 8773: 8771: 8759: 8750: 8741: 8739: 8721: 8710: 8701: 8699: 8686: 8685: 8678: 8666: 8664: 8662:fueleconomy.gov 8657: 8644: 8633: 8624: 8622: 8609: 8608: 8601: 8592: 8590: 8577: 8576: 8569: 8560: 8558: 8549: 8548: 8537: 8528: 8526: 8511: 8504: 8488: 8487: 8481: 8479: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8451: 8450: 8445: 8438: 8433: 8389: 8382: 8370: 8339: 8335: 8328: 8320: 8318: 8288: 8280: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8246: 8238: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8227: 8213: 8205: 8203: 8199: 8197: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8153: 8149: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8099: 8095: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8064: 8053: 8051: 8039: 8035: 8027: 8024: 8023: 7984: 7976: 7974: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7931: 7928: 7927: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7852: 7844: 7842: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7778: 7770: 7768: 7764: 7762: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7708: 7699: 7695: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7671: 7664: 7657: 7624: 7616: 7614: 7606: 7603: 7602: 7568: 7560: 7558: 7539: 7537: 7528: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7498: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7442: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7432: 7413: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7384: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7351: 7347: 7330: 7326: 7317: 7313: 7312: 7308: 7306: 7297: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7267: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7191: 7187: 7186: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7141: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7049: 7045: 7031: 7028: 7027: 6995: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6978: 6958: 6953: 6888: 6884: 6868: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6844: 6840: 6826: 6822: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6805: 6803: 6783: 6780: 6779: 6755: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6675: 6666: 6660: 6566: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6523: 6510: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6473: 6467: 6455: 6441: 6421: 6411: 6374: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6339: 6334: 6332: 6327: 6312: 6285: 6280: 6278: 6273: 6258: 6244: 6242: 6223: 6218: 6216: 6211: 6196: 6182: 6163: 6158: 6156: 6126: 6124: 6109: 6104: 6102: 6084: 6057: 6052: 6022: 6020: 6005: 6000: 5998: 5968: 5953: 5948: 5918: 5903: 5898: 5880: 5853: 5848: 5818: 5816: 5801: 5796: 5794: 5776: 5762: 5760: 5754: 5752: 5737: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5694: 5679: 5674: 5644: 5629: 5624: 5606: 5592: 5590: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5538: 5523: 5518: 5499: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5449: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5433: 5432: 5420: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5387: 5379: 5364: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5327: 5325: 5320: 5318: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5269: 5264: 5262: 5244: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5199: 5172: 5157: 5152: 5150: 5132: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5041: 5032: 5017: 5012: 4989: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4954: 4949: 4947: 4929: 4921: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4900: 4891: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4862: 4842: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4816: 4801: 4796: 4776: 4774: 4769: 4767: 4762: 4760: 4755: 4753: 4744: 4742: 4737: 4719: 4717: 4704:fuel efficiency 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4665: 4663:Plug-in hybrids 4659: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4613: 4603: 4597: 4580: 4577: 4553: 4551: 4527: 4522: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4476: 4471: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4358:(85 kW·h) 4346: 4341: 4336: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4047:(30 kW-h) 4035: 4030: 4025: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3990:(24 kW-h) 3978: 3973: 3968: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3672:Standard Range 3660: 3655: 3650: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3583:Hyundai Ioniq 6 3534: 3518: 3506: 3502: 3465: 3449: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3396: Wh/gallon 3394: 3393: 3385: 3383: 3371: 3367: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3347: 3343: 3341: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3231: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3193: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3125: 3121: 3114: 3111: Wh/gallon 3109: 3108: 3100: 3098: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3039: 3036: 3035: 2995: 2975: 2961: 2947: 2930: 2923: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2900: 2898: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2846: 2829: 2822: 2814: 2806: 2804: 2794: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2729: 2715: 2701: 2684: 2677: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2654: 2652: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2600: 2583: 2576: 2568: 2560: 2558: 2548: 2540: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2479: 2469: 2461: 2456: 2446: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2370: 2360: 2343: 2338: 2328: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2264: 2257: 2251: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2223: 2222: 2215: 2210: 2200: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2124: 2107: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2083: 2075: 2070: 2060: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2010: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1975: 1963: 1959: 1952: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1727: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1627: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1596: 1584: 1573: 1507: 1490:fuel efficiency 1372: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1349: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1324: 1313: 1289: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1267: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1034: 1014: 961: 957: 908: 904: 893: 886: 863: 851: 849: 845: 829: 806: 794: 782: 780: 776: 775: 771: 738: 734: 727: 702: 698: 691: 689: 679: 652: 648: 643: 640: 639: 580: 576: 554: 518: 514: 503: 498: 453: 449: 438: 433: 432: 428: 427: 394: 390: 385: 382: 381: 347: 343: 315: 311: 285: 258: 254: 249: 246: 245: 199: 194: 54: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12633: 12623: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12610:Green vehicles 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12578: 12577: 12565: 12564:External links 12562: 12560: 12559: 12514: 12494: 12465: 12436: 12397: 12383:(2015-12-18). 12365: 12351:(2015-12-18). 12336: 12322:(2015-12-18). 12304: 12290:(2016-03-18). 12272: 12258:(2015-12-18). 12243: 12229:(2015-12-18). 12211: 12197:(2015-12-18). 12179: 12146: 12132:(2015-12-18). 12117: 12103:(2016-03-18). 12085: 12071:(2016-03-18). 12056: 12042:(2016-12-06). 12024: 12010:(2015-08-14). 11995: 11981:(2015-11-27). 11959: 11945:(2015-08-14). 11927: 11913:(2015-12-18). 11898: 11884:(2015-12-18). 11869: 11855:(2016-05-27). 11837: 11823:(2015-12-18). 11808: 11794:(2015-12-18). 11779: 11765:(2015-12-18). 11747: 11725: 11711:(2016-03-18). 11696: 11658: 11644:(2015-12-18). 11629: 11611:(2015-12-04). 11587: 11570:(2016-09-16). 11555: 11532:(2015-08-12). 11508: 11490:(2017-01-16). 11468: 11451:(2017-01-16). 11436: 11419:(2017-01-16). 11401: 11384:(2015-12-18). 11366: 11348:(2015-08-14). 11333: 11310:(2015-12-18). 11286: 11269:(2014-07-04). 11254: 11237:(2016-11-18). 11219: 11202:(2015-12-04). 11180: 11158: 11144:(2015-12-04). 11129: 11115:(2015-12-04). 11100: 11086:(2015-12-04). 11071: 11057:(2015-12-04). 11042: 11028:(2015-12-04). 11013: 11000:(2015-12-04). 10982: 10968:(2015-12-04). 10950: 10936:(2015-12-04). 10914: 10900:(2015-12-04). 10885: 10871:(2015-12-04). 10856: 10842:(2015-12-04). 10827: 10813:(2015-12-04). 10798: 10784:(2015-12-04). 10769: 10755:(2015-12-04). 10737: 10723:(2015-12-04). 10708: 10694:(2015-12-04). 10679: 10665:(2015-12-04). 10650: 10636:(2015-12-04). 10621: 10588: 10574:(2020-05-10). 10559: 10545:(2015-12-04). 10530: 10513:(2015-12-04). 10498: 10481:(2016-09-29). 10461: 10444:(2016-11-18). 10429: 10415:(2020-05-10). 10400: 10376: 10350: 10332:(2015-08-14). 10317: 10300:(2015-12-18). 10282: 10264:(2015-12-04). 10240: 10206: 10176: 10121: 10093: 10079:. 2010-11-24. 10064: 10033: 9998: 9984:. 2010-06-08. 9969: 9948: 9916: 9905: 9866: 9825: 9790: 9755: 9737: 9729:10.17226/12924 9710: 9678: 9643: 9629:. 2008-11-13. 9612: 9581: 9552: 9495: 9471: 9447: 9419: 9412: 9385: 9378: 9347: 9311: 9275: 9236: 9197: 9161: 9125: 9090: 9065: 9048:. March 2002. 9021: 8998: 8981:. 2000-06-12. 8946: 8899: 8885:. 2011-05-25. 8867: 8821: 8780: 8748: 8708: 8676: 8653:(2017-01-11). 8631: 8599: 8567: 8535: 8502: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8449: 8448: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8416: 8411: 8409:Energy density 8406: 8401: 8395: 8388: 8385: 8380: 8368: 8364: 8363: 8362: 8361: 8345: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8326: 8323: 8317: 8314: 8307: 8303: 8300: 8294: 8291: 8286: 8283: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8258: 8252: 8249: 8244: 8241: 8235: 8231: 8222: 8219: 8216: 8211: 8208: 8202: 8196: 8168: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8143: 8140: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8111: 8108: 8105: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8089: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8062: 8059: 8056: 8050: 8045: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8031: 8013: 8012: 7993: 7990: 7987: 7982: 7979: 7973: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7961: 7941: 7938: 7935: 7915: 7912: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7898: 7897: 7896: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7867: 7861: 7858: 7855: 7850: 7847: 7841: 7838: 7828: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7808: 7805: 7802: 7799: 7794: 7787: 7784: 7781: 7776: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7726: 7723: 7720: 7715: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7685: 7669: 7662: 7655: 7650: 7649: 7648: 7647: 7633: 7630: 7627: 7622: 7619: 7613: 7610: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7574: 7571: 7566: 7563: 7557: 7554: 7551: 7548: 7545: 7542: 7536: 7531: 7527: 7501: 7497: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7469: 7459: 7445: 7441: 7430: 7416: 7412: 7401: 7387: 7383: 7354: 7350: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7320: 7316: 7311: 7305: 7300: 7296: 7270: 7266: 7254: 7253: 7252: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7237: 7234: 7231: 7221: 7209: 7206: 7196: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7158: 7144: 7140: 7129: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7087: 7084: 7081: 7078: 7075: 7072: 7069: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7057: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7041: 7038: 7035: 6998: 6994: 6977: 6974: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6936: 6933: 6930: 6927: 6924: 6921: 6912: 6909: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6871: 6862: 6858: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6839: 6829: 6825: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6808: 6802: 6799: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6777: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6743: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6728: 6725: 6722: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6687: 6674: 6671: 6662:Main article: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6625: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6563: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6539: 6536: 6532: 6531: 6509: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6484: 6483: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6452: 6449: 6446: 6443: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6418: 6415: 6408: 6405: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6376: 6371: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6336: 6329: 6324: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6282: 6275: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6260: 6255: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6234: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6193: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6160: 6153: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6106: 6099: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6086: 6081: 6078: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6025: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6002: 5995: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5942: 5936: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5922: 5921: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5882: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5812: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5798: 5791: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5778: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5765: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5734: 5725: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5668: 5666:Audi A3 e-tron 5662: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5542: 5541: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5512: 5509:Audi A3 e-tron 5505: 5504: 5501: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5488: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5446: 5437: 5426: 5425: 5422: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5389: 5384: 5381: 5376: 5374:Chevrolet Volt 5370: 5369: 5366: 5361: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5266: 5259: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5246: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5233: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5154: 5147: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5134: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5065: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5006: 4995: 4994: 4991: 4986: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4951: 4944: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4931: 4926: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4859: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4839: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4780: 4771: 4764: 4757: 4750: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4722:Monroney label 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4664: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4637: 4633: 4586:plug-in hybrid 4571: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4545: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4480: 4473:Plug-in hybrid 4465: 4464: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4415: 4413:Toyota RAV4 EV 4409: 4408: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4361:2012/13/14/15 4359: 4352: 4351: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4274: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4217: 4210: 4209: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4106:2013/14/15/16 4104: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4048: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4021:2012/13/14/16 4019: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3993:2013/14/15/16 3991: 3984: 3983: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3878: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3734: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3673: 3666: 3665: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3644: 3637: 3636: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3615: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3586: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3554: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3522:Monroney label 3504: 3500: 3485:plug-in hybrid 3464: 3461: 3448: 3445: 3429: 3428: 3413: 3409: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3294: 3293: 3281: 3276: 3272: 3260: 3259: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3218: 3217: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3180: 3179: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3144: 3143: 3128: 3124: 3107: 3103: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3030: 3016:, ethanol, or 2994: 2991: 2971: 2968: 2957: 2954: 2943: 2940: 2926: 2915: 2903: 2897: 2888: 2879: 2842: 2839: 2825: 2812: 2809: 2803: 2792: 2789: 2780: 2771: 2762: 2725: 2722: 2711: 2708: 2697: 2694: 2680: 2669: 2657: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2596: 2593: 2579: 2566: 2563: 2557: 2546: 2543: 2534: 2525: 2516: 2478: 2460: 2455: 2445: 2437: 2428: 2419: 2400: 2397: 2369: 2362:capacity(unit) 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2327: 2319: 2310: 2301: 2260: 2247: 2243: 2231: 2226: 2214: 2209: 2199: 2192: 2187: 2178: 2169: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2109:EnergyQuotient 2106: 2103: 2097:capacity(unit) 2092: 2085:capacity(unit) 2074: 2069: 2059: 2051: 2042: 2033: 2012: 2011: 1966: 1964: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1881: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1779: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1734: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1687: 1678: 1640: 1629: 1628: 1587: 1585: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1521: 1506: 1503: 1421:Tesla Roadster 1416:window sticker 1394:(EPA) and the 1388:air pollutants 1353:Monroney label 1350: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1328:Monroney label 1325: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1288: 1285: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1192: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1163:Ford Ranger EV 1159: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1144: 1141: 1139:Toyota RAV4 EV 1135: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1120: 1117: 1115:Toyota RAV4 EV 1111: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1096: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1072: 1069: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1033: 1030: 1013: 1010: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 960: 956: 953: 949: 946: 942: 937: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 911: 907: 903: 900: 896: 889: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 862: 858: 854: 848: 844: 840: 832: 827: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 805: 801: 797: 792: 789: 785: 779: 774: 770: 762: 759: 756: 753: 750: 747: 744: 741: 737: 733: 730: 723: 720: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 701: 697: 694: 686: 683: 678: 673: 670: 667: 664: 661: 658: 655: 651: 647: 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 579: 575: 572: 568: 565: 560: 557: 552: 543: 540: 537: 534: 531: 527: 524: 521: 517: 513: 510: 506: 502: 497: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 465: 462: 459: 456: 452: 448: 445: 441: 437: 431: 426: 421: 418: 415: 412: 409: 406: 403: 400: 397: 393: 389: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 346: 342: 339: 335: 332: 329: 324: 321: 318: 314: 310: 307: 303: 300: 297: 292: 289: 284: 279: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 261: 257: 253: 239: 238: 237: 236: 230: 198: 195: 193: 190: 151:vehicles, and 149:diesel-powered 110:plug-in hybrid 107:Chevrolet Volt 84:kilowatt-hours 52: 32:Chevrolet Volt 24:Monroney label 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12632: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12587: 12585: 12575: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12557: 12552: 12548: 12544: 12540: 12536: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12523: 12521: 12519: 12512: 12505: 12498: 12484:on 2008-12-28 12483: 12479: 12475: 12469: 12455:on 2016-03-03 12454: 12450: 12446: 12440: 12434: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12410: 12404: 12402: 12386: 12382: 12378: 12372: 12370: 12354: 12350: 12346: 12340: 12325: 12321: 12317: 12311: 12309: 12293: 12289: 12285: 12279: 12277: 12261: 12257: 12253: 12247: 12232: 12228: 12224: 12218: 12216: 12200: 12196: 12192: 12186: 12184: 12168: 12164: 12160: 12153: 12151: 12135: 12131: 12127: 12121: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12092: 12090: 12074: 12070: 12066: 12060: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12031: 12029: 12013: 12009: 12005: 11999: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11964: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11934: 11932: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11902: 11887: 11883: 11879: 11873: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11844: 11842: 11826: 11822: 11818: 11812: 11797: 11793: 11789: 11783: 11768: 11764: 11760: 11754: 11752: 11736: 11729: 11714: 11710: 11706: 11700: 11694: 11679: 11675: 11669: 11667: 11665: 11663: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11633: 11627: 11614: 11610: 11606: 11600: 11598: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11577: 11573: 11569: 11565: 11559: 11553: 11542: 11535: 11531: 11527: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11513: 11506: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11466: 11454: 11450: 11446: 11440: 11426: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11408: 11406: 11399: 11387: 11383: 11379: 11373: 11371: 11364: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11337: 11331: 11320: 11313: 11309: 11305: 11299: 11297: 11295: 11293: 11291: 11276: 11272: 11268: 11264: 11258: 11252: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11226: 11224: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11197: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11185: 11169: 11162: 11147: 11143: 11139: 11133: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11104: 11089: 11085: 11081: 11075: 11060: 11056: 11052: 11046: 11031: 11027: 11023: 11017: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10989: 10987: 10971: 10967: 10963: 10957: 10955: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10925: 10923: 10921: 10919: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10889: 10874: 10870: 10866: 10860: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10831: 10816: 10812: 10808: 10802: 10787: 10783: 10779: 10773: 10758: 10754: 10750: 10744: 10742: 10726: 10722: 10718: 10712: 10697: 10693: 10689: 10683: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10654: 10639: 10635: 10631: 10625: 10610: 10606: 10602: 10595: 10593: 10577: 10573: 10569: 10563: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10534: 10520: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10502: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10451: 10447: 10443: 10439: 10433: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10404: 10390: 10386: 10380: 10372: 10368: 10364: 10360: 10354: 10348: 10335: 10331: 10327: 10321: 10315: 10303: 10299: 10295: 10289: 10287: 10280: 10267: 10263: 10259: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10225: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10213: 10211: 10191: 10185: 10183: 10181: 10174: 10158: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10132: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10106: 10100: 10098: 10082: 10078: 10074: 10068: 10053: 10049: 10048: 10044: 10037: 10022: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10005: 10003: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9973: 9958: 9952: 9934: 9927: 9920: 9914: 9909: 9891: 9887: 9880: 9873: 9871: 9852: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9832: 9830: 9811: 9807: 9800: 9794: 9776: 9772: 9765: 9759: 9744: 9740: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9721: 9714: 9699: 9695: 9694: 9689: 9682: 9664: 9660: 9653: 9647: 9632: 9628: 9627: 9622: 9616: 9601: 9597: 9596: 9592: 9585: 9570: 9566: 9559: 9557: 9548: 9542: 9524: 9520: 9513: 9509: 9502: 9500: 9485: 9481: 9475: 9461: 9457: 9451: 9436: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9415: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9400: 9395: 9389: 9381: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9363: 9362: 9357: 9351: 9337:on 2011-07-19 9333: 9329: 9322: 9315: 9301:on 2011-07-19 9297: 9293: 9286: 9279: 9273: 9262:on 2011-07-19 9258: 9254: 9247: 9240: 9234: 9223:on 2011-07-19 9219: 9215: 9208: 9201: 9187:on 2011-07-19 9183: 9179: 9172: 9165: 9151:on 2011-07-19 9147: 9143: 9136: 9129: 9115:on 2009-01-09 9111: 9107: 9100: 9094: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9072: 9070: 9051: 9047: 9040: 9034: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9019: 9012: 9005: 9003: 8984: 8977: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8935: 8931: 8929: 8923: 8916: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8874: 8872: 8865: 8850: 8846: 8839: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8826: 8810: 8806: 8805: 8800: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8770: 8769: 8764: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8713: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8683: 8681: 8674: 8663: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8606: 8604: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8572: 8556: 8552: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8524: 8520: 8516: 8509: 8507: 8498: 8492: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8462: 8458: 8443: 8441: 8436: 8426: 8423: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8384: 8377: 8372: 8343: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8324: 8321: 8315: 8312: 8305: 8301: 8298: 8292: 8289: 8284: 8281: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8256: 8250: 8247: 8242: 8239: 8233: 8229: 8220: 8217: 8214: 8209: 8206: 8200: 8194: 8187: 8186: 8185: 8184: 8183: 8166: 8160: 8157: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8109: 8106: 8103: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8087: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8048: 8043: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8021: 8018: 8010: 8009: 8008: 7991: 7988: 7985: 7980: 7977: 7971: 7968: 7965: 7962: 7959: 7939: 7936: 7933: 7913: 7910: 7883: 7880: 7877: 7874: 7871: 7868: 7865: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7848: 7845: 7839: 7836: 7829: 7815: 7812: 7809: 7806: 7803: 7800: 7797: 7792: 7785: 7782: 7779: 7774: 7771: 7765: 7759: 7752: 7751: 7750: 7749: 7736: 7733: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7718: 7713: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7689: 7686: 7683: 7676: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7665: 7658: 7631: 7628: 7625: 7620: 7617: 7611: 7608: 7601: 7600: 7585: 7575: 7572: 7569: 7564: 7561: 7555: 7552: 7549: 7546: 7543: 7534: 7529: 7525: 7517: 7516: 7515: 7499: 7495: 7467: 7460: 7443: 7439: 7431: 7414: 7410: 7402: 7385: 7381: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7352: 7348: 7343: 7339: 7336: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7318: 7314: 7309: 7303: 7298: 7294: 7286: 7285: 7284: 7268: 7264: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7222: 7207: 7204: 7197: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7159: 7142: 7138: 7130: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7055: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7026: 7025: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7014: 6996: 6992: 6983: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6910: 6907: 6904: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6892: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6860: 6856: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6837: 6827: 6823: 6818: 6814: 6809: 6806: 6800: 6797: 6794: 6791: 6788: 6785: 6778: 6762: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6745: 6741: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6717: 6714: 6711: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6696: 6680: 6670: 6665: 6649: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6635: 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2001:( 1996:) 1992:( 1974:. 1882:2 1877:H 1733:) 1725:( 1719:) 1711:( 1705:= 1699:] 1686:[ 1677:= 1641:2 1636:H 1624:) 1618:( 1613:) 1609:( 1595:. 1274:/ 1271:1 1258:/ 1255:1 975:v 972:i 969:u 966:q 963:e 959:g 955:p 952:m 945:= 941:] 936:) 928:s 925:a 922:g 919:. 916:t 913:a 910:n 906:l 902:a 899:g 888:3 883:s 880:a 877:g 874:. 871:t 868:a 865:n 861:t 857:f 847:( 839:) 831:3 826:s 823:a 820:g 817:. 814:t 811:a 808:n 804:t 800:f 791:i 788:m 778:( 773:[ 761:e 758:n 755:i 752:l 749:o 746:s 743:a 740:g 736:l 732:a 729:g 722:s 719:a 716:g 713:. 710:t 707:a 704:n 700:l 696:a 693:g 682:1 677:= 672:s 669:a 666:g 663:. 660:t 657:a 654:n 650:E 646:F 619:v 616:i 613:u 610:q 607:e 603:d 600:e 597:n 594:i 591:b 588:m 585:o 582:c 578:g 574:p 571:m 564:= 559:1 551:] 542:v 539:i 536:u 533:q 530:e 526:c 523:l 520:a 516:g 512:p 509:m 496:+ 488:l 485:a 482:n 479:o 476:i 473:t 470:n 467:e 464:v 461:n 458:o 455:c 451:g 447:p 444:m 430:[ 425:= 420:l 417:e 414:u 411:f 405:l 402:a 399:u 396:d 392:E 388:F 361:v 358:i 355:u 352:q 349:e 345:g 341:p 338:m 331:= 328:) 323:c 320:l 317:a 313:g 309:p 306:m 299:( 288:1 283:= 278:l 275:o 272:h 269:o 266:c 263:l 260:a 256:E 252:F 45:(

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Knowledge

Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent

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