Geography of Nepal

354:

the country's area, consists of mountainous terrain without snow and is inhabited by various indigenous ethnic groups. The Himal region, covering 15% of Nepal's area, contains snow and is home to several high mountain ranges, including Mount Everest, the world's highest peak. Nepal, with elevations ranging from less than 100 meters to over 8,000 meters, has eight climate zones from tropical to perpetual snow. The majority of the country's population resides in the tropical and subtropical climate zones. The tropical zone, below 1,000 meters, experiences frost less than once per decade and is suitable for growing various fruits and crops. The subtropical climate zone, from 1,000 to 2,000 meters, is the most prevalent and suitable for growing rice, maize, millet, wheat, and other crops. The temperate climate zone, from 2,000 to 3,000 meters, occupies 12% of Nepal's land area and is suitable for cold-tolerant crops. The subalpine, alpine, and nival zones have progressively fewer human settlements and agricultural activities.

2338:

Needleleaved open forest is the least common of the forest areas covering 8,267 km (5.62%). At national level 64.8% area is covered by core forests of > 500 ha size and 23.8% forests belong to patch and edge category forests. The patch forest constituted 748 km at national level, out of which 494 km of patch forests are present in hill regions. Middle mountains, Siwaliks and Terai regions have more than 70% of the forest area under core forest category > 500 ha size. The edge forests constituted around 30% of forest area of High Mountain and Hill regions. Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) which was conducted between 2010 and 2014 by the Ministry of Forest and Soil conservation with the financial and technical help of the Government of Finland shows that 40.36% of the land of Nepal is forested. 4.40% of the land has shrubs and bushes.

2262: 2330:. Between 2000 and 2005, Nepal lost about 2,640 km (1,019 sq mi) of forest. Nepal's 2000–2005 total deforestation rate was about 1.4% per year meaning it lost an average of 530 km (205 sq mi) of forest annually. Nepal's total deforestation rate from 1990 to 2000 was 920 km (355 sq mi) or 2.1% per year. The 2000–2005 true deforestation rate in Nepal, defined as the loss of primary forest, is −0.4% or 70 km (27 sq mi) per year. Forest is not changing in the plan land of Nepal, forest fragmenting on the "Roof of the World". 1281: 1268: 976: 2291: 2302:, covering 29.5% of the geographical area, and has a large area (19,783 km) of cultivated or managed lands, natural and semi natural vegetation (22,621 km) and artificial surfaces (200 km). The Tarai region has more cultivated or managed land (14,104 km) and comparatively less natural and semi natural vegetation (4280 km). The Tarai has only 267 km of natural water bodies. The High mountain region has 12,062 km of natural water bodies, snow/glaciers and 13,105 km barren areas. 6499: 6092: 1480:, source of the summer monsoon. Eastern Nepal gets about 2,500 mm (100 in) annually; the Kathmandu area about 1,400 mm (55 in) and western Nepal about 1,000 mm (40 in). This pattern is modified by adiabatic effects as rising air masses cool and drop their moisture content on windward slopes, then warm up as they descend so relative humidity drops. Annual precipitation reaches 5,500 mm (18 ft) on windward slopes in the 6509: 6102: 35: 141: 451: 5180: 5156: 362:

cause serious floods and pose challenges to transportation and communication networks. River management involves addressing flooding, sedimentation, and sustainable water sources for irrigation. Building dams in Nepal is controversial due to seismic activity, glacial lake formation, sedimentation rates, and cross-border equity issues between India and Nepal.

2015: 366:

to over-harvesting of firewood, illegal logging, clearing for agriculture, and infrastructure expansion. As of 2010, 64.8% of the forested area in Nepal is covered by core forests of more than 500 ha in size. Deforestation and degradation are driven by multiple processes, including firewood harvesting, construction, urban expansion, and illegal logging.

1537:

After the post-monsoon comes the winter monsoon, a strong northeasterly flow marked by occasional, short rainfalls in the lowlands and plains and snowfalls in the high-altitude areas. In this season the Himalayas function as a barrier to cold air masses from Inner Asia, so southern Nepal and northern

1521:

The monsoon also complicates transportation with roads and trails washing out while unpaved roads and airstrips may become unusable and cloud cover reduces safety margins for aviation. Rains diminish in September and generally end by mid-October, ushering in generally cool, clear, and dry weather, as

1219:

rise to about 700 metres (2,297 ft) with peaks as high as 1,000 metres (3,281 ft), steeper on their southern flanks because of faults are known as the Main Frontal Thrust. This range is composed of poorly consolidated, coarse sediments that do not retain water or support soil development so

365:

Nepal's land cover is dominated by forests, which cover 39.09% of the country's total geographical area, followed by agriculture areas at 29.83%. The hill region constitutes the largest portion of Nepal, with significant cultivated lands and natural vegetation. Forests in Nepal face deforestation due

361:

Nepal has three categories of rivers: the largest systems (Koshi, Gandaki/Narayani, Karnali/Goghra, and Mahakali), second category rivers (rising in the Middle Hills and Lower Himalayan Range), and third category rivers (rising in the outermost Siwalik foothills and mostly seasonal). These rivers can

2349:

in towns and cities, firewood is sold more at energy-competitive prices because cutting and selling it is a fallback when better employment opportunities aren't forthcoming. Firewood still supplies 80% of Nepal's energy for heating and cooking. Harvesting construction timber and lopping branches for

1419:

from 3,000 to 4,000 meters (9,800 to 13,100 ft) occupies 9% of Nepal's land area, mainly in the Mountain and Himalayan regions. It has permanent settlements in the Himalaya, but further south it is only seasonally occupied as pasture for sheep, goats, yak and hybrids in warmer months. There are

2130:

Third, sedimentation rates in the Himalaya are extremely high, leading to rapid loss of storage capacity as sediments accumulate behind dams. Fourth, there are complicated questions of cross-border equity in how India and Nepal would share costs and benefits that have proven difficult to resolve in

2114:

Nevertheless, building dams in Nepal is controversial for several reasons. First, the region is seismically active. Dam failures caused by earthquakes could cause tremendous death and destruction downstream, particularly on the densely populated Gangetic Plain. Second, global warming has led to the

1500:

The year is divided into a wet season from June to September—as summer warmth over Inner Asia creates a low-pressure zone that draws in moist air from the Indian Ocean—and a dry season from October to June as cold temperatures in the vast interior create a high-pressure zone causing dry air to flow

353:

Nepal has a very high degree of geographic diversity and can be divided into three main regions: Terai, Hilly, and Himal. The Terai region, covering 17% of Nepal's area, is a lowland region with some hill ranges and is culturally more similar to parts of India. The Hilly region, encompassing 68% of

2356:

is a problem in the Siwaliks, with sawlogs smuggled into India. Clearing for resettlement and agriculture expansion also causes deforestation as does urban expansion, building infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, electric transmission lines, water tanks, police and army barracks, temples and

2337:

figures from 2010, forest is the dominant form of land cover in Nepal covering 57,538 km with a contribution of 39.09% to the total geographical area of the country. Most of this forest cover is broadleaved closed and open forest, which covers 21,200 km or 14.4% of the geographical area.

2110:

and India's Bihar and Uttar Pradesh states. The best solution could be building large upstream reservoirs, to capture and store surplus flows during the summer monsoon as well as providing flood control benefits to Bangladesh and India. Then water-sharing agreements could allocate a portion of the

1505:

hills consisting of poorly consolidated, coarse, permeable sediments that do not retain water, so hillsides are often covered with drought-tolerant scrub forest. In fact, much of Nepal's native vegetation adapted to withstand drought, but less so at higher elevations where cooler temperatures mean

1341:

from 1,000 to 2,000 meters (3,300 to 6,600 ft) occupies 22% of Nepal's land area and is the most prevalent climate of the Middle Hills above river valleys. It experiences frost up to 53 days per year, however, this varies greatly with elevation, proximity to high mountains and terrain either

1517:

creates a low-pressure zone that draws in moist air from the Indian Ocean, but this can vary up to a month. Significant failure of monsoon rains historically meant drought and famine while above-normal rains still cause flooding and landslides with losses in human lives, farmland and buildings.

1330:

and mangoes of lower quality grow in the upper tropical zone as well. Winter crops include grains and vegetables typically grown in temperate climates. The Outer Terai is virtually all in the lower tropical zone. Inner Terai valleys span both tropical zones. The Sivalik Hills are mostly upper

357:

Seasons are divided into a wet season from June to September and a dry season from October to June. The summer monsoon can cause flooding and landslides, while the winter monsoon is marked by occasional rainfall and snowfall. The diverse elevation results in various biomes, including tropical

2046:

Since uplift and erosion are more or less in equilibrium in the Himalaya, at least where the climate is humid, rapid uplift must be balanced out by annual increments of millions tonnes of sediments washing down from the mountains; then on the plains settling out of suspension on vast

2010:

None of these river systems supports significant commercial navigation. Instead, deep gorges create obstacles to establishing transport and communication networks and de-fragmenting the economy. Foot-trails are still the primary transportation routes in many hill districts.

1384:

from 2,000 to 3,000 meters (6,600 to 9,800 ft) occupies 12% of Nepal's land area and has up to 153 annual days of frost. It is encountered in higher parts of the Middle Hills and throughout much of the Mountain region. Crops include cold-tolerant rice, maize, wheat,

1292:, however with elevations ranging from less than 100 meters (300 ft) to over 8,000 meters (26,000 ft) and precipitation from 160 millimeters (6 in) to over 5,000 millimeters (16 ft) the country has eight climate zones from tropical to perpetual snow. 2286:

Needleleaved open forest is the least common of the forest areas covering 8267 km (5.62%). Agriculture area is significant extending over 43,910 km (29.83%). As would be expected, the high mountain area is largely covered by snow and glaciers and barren land.

2360:

In the Middle Hills road construction, reservoirs, transmission lines and extractive manufacturing such as cement factories cause deforestation. In the mountains building hotels, monasteries and trekking trails cause deforestation while timber-smuggling into the

1125:

Terai is a low land region containing some hill ranges. Looking out for its coverage, it covers 17% of the total area of Nepal. The Terai (also spelt Tarai) region begins at the Indian border and includes the southernmost part of the flat, intensively farmed

1501:

outward. April and May are months of intense water stress when cumulative effects of the long dry season are exacerbated by temperatures rising over 40 °C (104 °F) in the tropical climate belt. Seasonal drought further intensifies in the

1438:

from 4,000 to 5,000 meters (13,100 to 16,400 ft) occupies 8% of the country's land area. There are a few permanent settlements above 4,000 meters. There is virtually no plant cultivation although medicinal herbs are gathered.

477:

which are mainly used for seasonal pasturage. By geographical view, it covers 15% of the total area of Nepal. A few tens kilometers further north the high Himalaya abruptly rise along the Main Central Thrust fault zone above the

1613:

The native forests of the Mountain region change from east to west as precipitation decreases. They can be broadly classified by their relation to the Gandaki River. From 3,000 to 4,000 meters (10,000 to 13,000 ft) are the

4096: 4932:

Uddin, Kabir; Shrestha, Him Lal; Murthy, M. S. R.; Bajracharya, Birendra; Shrestha, Basanta; Gilani, Hammad; Pradhan, Sudip; Dangol, Bikash (15 January 2015). "Development of 2010 national land cover database for the Nepal".

4860:

1369:

The great majority of Nepal's population occupies the tropical and subtropical climate zones. In the Middle Hills, "upper-caste" Hindus are concentrated in tropical valleys which are well suited for rice cultivation while

397:). In addition to the continuum from tropical warmth to cold comparable to polar regions, average annual precipitation varies from as little as 160 millimetres (6.3 in) in its narrow proportion of the 4154: 1538:

India have warmer winters than would otherwise be the case. April and May are dry and hot, especially below 1,200 meters (4,000 ft) where afternoon temperatures may exceed 40 °C (104 °F).

932:

in Tibet itself, these valleys have become repositories of traditional ways. Valleys with better access from the hill regions to the south are culturally linked to Nepal as well as Tibet, notably the

2279:

data of 2010 shows that show that forest is the dominant form of land cover in Nepal covering 57,538 km with a contribution of 39.09% to the total geographical area of the country. Most of this

1040:

Other indigenous Janajati ethnic groups -— natively speaking highly localized Tibeto-Burman languages and dialects -— populate hillsides up to about 2,500 metres (8,000 ft). This group includes

1306:

less than once per decade. It can be subdivided into lower tropical (below 300 meters or 1,000 ft.) with 18% of the nation's land area) and upper (18% of land area) tropical zones. The best

1695:(overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions 469:

Himal Region is a mountainous region containing snow. The Mountain Region begins where high ridges (Nepali: लेक; lekh) begin substantially rising above 3,000 metres (10,000 ft) into the

4128: 1997:

and the Babai between the Gandaki and Karnali systems. Without glacial sources, annual flow regimes in these rivers are more variable although limited flow persists through the dry season.

991:

creates an escarpment 1,000 to 1,500 metres (3,000 to 5,000 ft) high, to a crest between 1,500 and 2,700 metres (5,000 and 9,000 ft). It covers 68% of the total area of Nepal.

4088: 2057:

culture along the lower Koshi in Nepal and Bihar celebrated the river as the giver of life for its fertile alluvial soil, yet also the taker of life through its catastrophic floods.

2051:

over which rivers meander and change course at least every few decades, causing some experts to question whether manmade embankments can contain the problem of flooding. Traditional

967:

from lowlands in Nepal and India. Since trade was restricted in the 1950s they have found work as high altitude porters, guides, cooks and other accessories to tourism and alpinism.

317:

measures about 880 kilometers (547 mi) along its Himalayan axis by 150 to 250 kilometers (93 to 155 mi) across. It has an area of 147,516 km (56,956 sq mi).

412:

Forming south-to-north transects, Nepal can be divided into three belts: Terai, Pahad and Himal. In the other direction, it is divided into three major river systems, east to west:

4327: 4896:

Uddin, Kabir; Chaudhary, Sunita; Chettri, Nakul; Kotru, Rajan; Murthy, Manchiraju; Chaudhary, Ram Prasad; Ning, Wu; Shrestha, Sahas Man; Gautam, Shree Krishna (September 2015).

1522:

well as the most relaxed and jovial period in Nepal. By this time, the harvest is completed and people are in a festive mood. The two largest and most important Hindu festivals—

983:

Hilly Region is a mountain region which does not generally contain snow. It is situated to the south of the Himal Region (the snowy mountain region). This region begins at the

1551: 4817: 482:

at 5,000 to 5,500 metres (16,400 to 18,000 ft). Some 90 of Nepal's peaks exceed 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) and eight exceed 8,000 metres (26,247 ft) including

4589: 4206: 2068:. Water for irrigation is especially compelling because the Indian Terai is suspected to have entered a food bubble where dry season crops are dependent on water from 1513:

may be preceded by a buildup of thunderstorm activity that provides water for rice seedbeds. Sustained rain on average arrives in mid-June as rising temperatures over

5030: 2334: 2269: 4150: 4417:"Nepali scientists record country's first tornado: The team confirmed the rare event using satellite images, social-media posts and a visit to the affected area" 4232: 2064:

in the Middle Hills may be able to capture peak flows and mitigate downstream flooding, to store surplus monsoon flows for dry season irrigation and to generate

4978: 4558: 4180: 1086:

to outlaw it in 1976. There is increasing reliance on animal husbandry with elevation, using land above 2,000 metres (7,000 ft) for summer grazing and

1598:

between 1,000 and 2,000 meters (3,300 and 6,600 ft). At higher elevations, to 3,000 meters (10,000 ft), are found temperate broadleaf forests:

1138:

began in the 1930s and infrastructure such as roadways, railways and electricity were extended across the border before it reached Nepal's Pahad region.

1473:. Population density is very low. Cultivation and husbandry conform to subalpine and alpine patterns but depend on snowmelt and streams for irrigation. 4665: 2106:

As Nepal builds barrages to divert more water for irrigation during the dry season preceding the summer monsoon, there is less for downstream users in

5129: 4118: 1558: 5096: 6057: 377:

For a country of its size, Nepal has tremendous geographic diversity. It rises from as low as 59 metres (194 ft) elevation in the tropical

5221: 1762:

rising in or beyond the high Himalaya that maintain substantial flows from snowmelt through the hot, drought-stricken spring before the summer

1090:. Grain production has not kept pace with population growth at elevations above 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) where colder temperatures inhibit 4581: 6464: 4759: 3667: 943:

Permanent villages in the mountain region stand as high as 4,500 metres (15,000 ft) with summer encampments even higher. Bhotiyas graze

4736: 4493: 4447: 5731: 3732: 3157: 1619: 1615: 1562: 1134:. By the 19th century, timber and other resources were being exported to India. Industrialization based on agricultural products such as 4016: 3949: 3888: 3824: 3763: 3697: 4605: 4318: 4291: 3222: 2928: 2862: 2795: 2731: 2664: 2597: 2530: 2459: 2035:

state, India after breaking through a poorly maintained embankment just inside Nepal. The West Rapti in the second category is called "

1627: 1623: 203: 5063: 4631: 5008: 6067: 4258: 994:

These steep southern slopes are nearly uninhabited, thus an effective buffer between languages and culture in the Terai and Hilly.

1876:. The Trisuli rises north of the international border inside Tibet. After the seven upper tributaries join, the river becomes the 6413: 6006: 4813: 1591: 168: 99: 4424: 2027:

Rivers in all three categories are capable of causing serious floods. Koshi River in the first category caused a major flood in

6474: 5264: 71: 4372: 1590:

Subtropical forests dominate the lower elevations of the Hill region. They form a mosaic running east–west across Nepal, with

5981: 4202: 1569: 17: 6138: 5233: 4898:"The changing land cover and fragmenting forest on the Roof of the World: A case study in Nepal's Kailash Sacred Landscape" 1184:. Below the Bhabhar, finer, less permeable sediments force groundwater to the surface in a zone of springs and marshes. In 2398:

While India and Nepal have an open border with no restrictions on movement of their citizens on either side, there are 23

1807:. The Arun rises in Tibet some 150 kilometers (100 mi) beyond Nepal's northern border. A tributary of the Sun Koshi, 78: 6388: 6026: 4702: 1607: 1599: 52: 5034: 1331:

tropical. Tropical climate zones extend far upriver valleys across the Middle Hills and even into the Mountain regions.

1595: 405:

to as much as 5,500 millimetres (216.5 in) on windward slopes, the maximum mainly resting on the magnitude of the

4228: 6433: 4385: 3346: 1584: 1577: 877:

system (including all of Nepal) actually lies north of the highest ranges. Alpine, often semi-arid valleys—including

118: 5209: 4969: 4550: 85: 5201: 4176: 2075:

Depletion of aquifers without building upstream dams as a sustainable alternative water source could precipitate a

1766:. These tributaries cross the highest mountains in deep gorges, flow south through the Middle Hills, then join in 5724: 2447: 2310:

25.4% of Nepal's land area, or about 36,360 km (14,039 sq mi) is covered with forest according to

5816: 2092: 67: 56: 4380:, Forest & Landscape Development and Environment Series 2-2005 and CFC-TIS Document Series No.110., 2005, 1433: 6062: 5520: 2350:

fodder for cattle and other farm animals are also deforestation/degradation drivers in all geographic zones.

1820: 1639: 252: 4657: 6223: 6021: 5926: 5184: 1228: 1120: 5121: 5062:[China-Nepal Agreement on Port of Entry] (in Chinese). Chinese Embassy in Nepal. 14 January 2012. 1725:

Existing and proposed dams, barrages and canals for flood control, irrigation and hydroelectric generation

6533: 6469: 5574: 4089:"Government unveils new political map including Kalapani, Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura inside Nepal borders" 2261: 2124: 1573: 462: 1915:

Himalaya with traditional Tibetan cultural affinities. The upper Karnali rises inside Tibet near-sacred

1534:)—arrive during this period, about one month apart. The post-monsoon season lasts until about December. 440:

watershed largely coincides with the Nepal-Tibet border, save for certain tributaries rising beyond it.

6428: 6333: 6031: 5717: 5257: 5085: 4520:"Effect of the barrage and embankments on flooding and channel avulsion, case study Koshi River, Nepal" 4519: 4374:

The Map of Potential Vegetation of Nepal - a forestry/agroecological/biodiversity classification system

4063: 2442: 2429: 1153:

is taught in schools and often spoken in government offices, however, the local population mostly uses

389:

to 90 peaks over 7,000 metres (22,966 ft) including Earth's highest (8,848-metre (29,029 ft)

4455:. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal, Water and Energy Commission Secretariat. p. vii. Archived from 2283:

is broadleaved closed and open forest, which covers 21,200 km or 14.4% of the geographical area.

5976: 5941: 5896: 5630: 5171: 5218: 4846: 4798: 4358: 6438: 6155: 6131: 5866: 5861: 5756: 5748: 5635: 3494: 3454: 1146: 4766: 457:

view of the Himalayas and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the

6383: 6348: 6303: 5986: 5961: 5876: 5856: 5806: 5776: 5766: 5694: 5689: 5659: 5625: 4728: 4482: 3512: 3309: 3272: 3129: 2424: 2362: 2346: 2103:, Nepalese reluctance to agree to water projects could even seem an existential threat to India. 1959:

along the Nepal-India border on the west joins the Karnali in India, where the river is known as

1737: 369:

Nepal has consistently been ranked as one of the most polluted countries in the world.

325: 284: 45: 2341:

Deforestation is driven by multiple processes. Virtually throughout the nation, over-harvest of

1033:. The Newar were originally indigenous to the Kathmandu valley but have spread into Pokhara and 92: 6273: 6268: 6163: 6072: 5951: 5946: 5826: 5620: 5584: 5382: 4456: 3930: 3869: 3629: 3600: 3563: 3526: 3484: 3446: 3331: 2076: 1948: 1788: 1692: 696: 2272:’s first and most complete national land cover database of Nepal prepared using public domain 1469: 1374:

ethnic groups mostly live above in the subtropical zone and grow other grains more than rice.

474: 6393: 6368: 6283: 6263: 6213: 6183: 6173: 6016: 5966: 5921: 5901: 5891: 5791: 5646: 5605: 5342: 5250: 4833: 4785: 2489: 1771: 1763: 1510: 1485: 1256: 995: 984: 929: 692: 4602: 1252:

and the way was open to settlement from the land-poor hills, to the detriment of the Tharu.

6479: 6358: 6353: 6233: 5991: 5906: 5886: 5771: 5761: 5418: 5059: 4622: 4295: 3610: 3574: 3205: 3162: 1940: 1280: 865: 454: 433: 5004: 8: 6453: 6423: 6373: 6328: 6308: 6298: 6198: 6124: 6046: 6036: 5971: 5936: 5871: 5851: 5841: 5801: 5786: 5781: 5679: 5674: 5664: 5615: 5551: 5546: 5465: 5392: 3521: 3294: 3289: 3257: 3046: 2647: 2581: 2509: 1492:

beyond the high mountains, annual precipitation drops as low as 160 mm (6 in).

732: 660: 587: 406: 4254: 6398: 6313: 6293: 6178: 6168: 6077: 5996: 5956: 5931: 5846: 5821: 5811: 5796: 5669: 5654: 5600: 5362: 4346: 3997: 3590: 3553: 3536: 3190: 3088: 3051: 3015: 3000: 2978: 2912: 2434: 1873: 1837: 1800: 975: 933: 728: 656: 627: 583: 4914: 4897: 2314:

figures from 2005. FAO estimates that around 9.6% of Nepal's forest cover consists of

1476:

Precipitation generally decreases from east to west with increasing distance from the

6508: 6443: 6378: 6343: 6278: 6258: 6248: 6208: 6193: 6188: 6101: 5916: 5881: 5836: 5831: 5740: 5684: 5480: 5317: 4950: 4878: 4765:. Kathmandu: International Center for Integrated Mountain Development. Archived from 4416: 4381: 3865: 3595: 3422: 3387: 3073: 2773: 2399: 1944: 1861: 1716: 1379: 1267: 1158: 1098: 1091: 1034: 860: 437: 334: 4006: 3939: 2402:

for trade purposes. These are listed in clockwise order, east to west. The six in

1414: 6484: 6403: 6363: 6338: 6318: 6253: 6228: 6218: 6203: 5500: 5367: 4942: 4909: 4870: 4391: 4123: 4068: 4058: 3748: 3558: 3479: 3441: 3414: 3409: 3377: 3336: 3299: 3262: 3195: 3036: 2963: 2830: 2763: 2627: 2065: 2028: 1994: 1990: 1916: 1742:

Nepal has three categories of rivers. The largest systems -— from east to west the

1527: 1297: 1185: 1083: 1011: 890: 845: 827: 806: 767: 578: 498: 5230: 4946: 4874: 6323: 6288: 6243: 6238: 6147: 5352: 5237: 5225: 5213: 4609: 3993: 3805: 3183: 2907: 2897: 2845: 2778: 2714: 2699: 2353: 2276: 2273: 2053: 1973:

rivers rise in the Middle Hills and Lower Himalayan Range, from east to west the

1857: 1708: 1162: 1150: 1069: 840: 801: 797: 762: 518: 458: 358:

savannas, subtropical and temperate forests, montane grasslands, and shrublands.

470: 5428: 5413: 5357: 5312: 4937:. Land Cover/Land Use Change (LC/LUC) and Environmental Impacts in South Asia. 4865:. Land Cover/Land Use Change (LC/LUC) and Environmental Impacts in South Asia. 3814: 3753: 3678: 3404: 3372: 3119: 3114: 3078: 3041: 3005: 2968: 2902: 2835: 2768: 2704: 2637: 2632: 2570: 2565: 2499: 2175: 2100: 2091:, with over 300 million combined population. With India already experiencing a 2040: 1896: 1881: 1833: 1812: 1712: 1704: 1127: 1102: 1030: 1015: 937: 909: 882: 878: 836: 737: 701: 665: 632: 592: 522: 425: 382: 4691: 4320:

Important Trade Routes in Nepal and Their Importance to the Settlement Process

6527: 6502: 6095: 5541: 5515: 5337: 5327: 5322: 5307: 5302: 5294: 5160: 4031: 4018: 3964: 3951: 3903: 3890: 3878: 3839: 3826: 3778: 3765: 3712: 3699: 3687: 3499: 3459: 3427: 3392: 3351: 3314: 3304: 3277: 3237: 3224: 3210: 3167: 2943: 2930: 2877: 2864: 2810: 2797: 2746: 2733: 2679: 2666: 2612: 2599: 2545: 2532: 2494: 2474: 2461: 2182: 2171: 2084: 2080: 1920: 1845: 1828: 1751: 1747: 1603: 1546:

The dramatic changes in elevation along this transect result in a variety of

1477: 1255:

The Terai ends and the Pahad begin at a higher range of foothills called the

1249: 1233:. These valleys have productive soil but were dangerously malarial except to 1216: 1193: 1170: 1142: 1053: 1027: 925: 788: 600: 562: 494: 483: 421: 417: 390: 296: 272: 183: 170: 4692:"Water Issues between Nepal, India & Bangladesh, a Review of Literature" 2290: 2111:

stored water to be left to flow into India during the following dry season.

1168:

The Outer Terai ends at the base of the first range of foothills called the

5490: 5485: 5397: 4971:

Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation

4954: 4882: 4279: 3810: 3801: 3674: 2958: 2560: 2504: 2280: 2116: 2048: 1982: 1978: 1936: 1775: 1654: 1448: 1237: 1094:. Food deficits drive emigration out of the Pahad in search of employment. 1087: 1065: 1041: 619: 526: 487: 429: 245: 5242: 5189: 6512: 6105: 5579: 5475: 5449: 5347: 5206: 5165: 3744: 3683: 3615: 3579: 3541: 3489: 3068: 2586: 2514: 1974: 1952: 1928: 1900: 1808: 1804: 1783: 1755: 1743: 1555: 1489: 1425: 1288:

Nepal's latitude is about the same as that of the United States state of

1241: 1224: 1019: 999: 963:. They traditionally traded across the mountains, e.g., Tibetan salt for 413: 398: 329: 4620: 4151:"One more report ranks Nepal among most polluted countries in the world" 2318:

which is relatively intact. About 12.1% Nepal's forest is classified as

1178:. This range has a densely forested skirt of coarse alluvium called the 1141:

The Outer Terai is culturally more similar to adjacent parts of India's

1068:

further east. Temperate and subtropical fruits are grown as cash crops.

5510: 5387: 5377: 5332: 5274: 3926: 2694: 2107: 1924: 1912: 1904: 1865: 1767: 1650: 1514: 1464: 1428:, amaranthus, buckwheat and apple. Medicinal plants are also gathered. 1336: 1057: 1045: 745: 623: 514: 339: 161: 5372: 5288: 3605: 3568: 3472: 3382: 3367: 3252: 3083: 3031: 2575: 2096: 2069: 2061: 2036: 1869: 1841: 1816: 1796: 1759: 1670: 1658: 1566: 1481: 1456: 1406: 1323: 956: 814: 506: 479: 402: 386: 306: 5709: 1220:

there is virtually no agricultural potential and sparse population.

34: 4483:"Interpretation of Erosional Topography in Humid Temperate Regions" 4002: 3987: 3935: 3326: 3200: 2995: 2825: 2642: 2342: 2218: 1792: 1502: 1420:

up to 229 annual days of frost here. Crops include barley, potato,

1402: 502: 6116: 1097:

The Hilly ends where ridges begin substantially rising out of the

5159:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3874: 3738: 3531: 3109: 3010: 2973: 2840: 2709: 2206: 2120: 2004: 1986: 1682: 1674: 1523: 1421: 1371: 1319: 1289: 1234: 1197: 1154: 1079: 1061: 1023: 914: 775: 709: 510: 2043:. Third category Terai rivers are associated with flash floods. 140: 5558: 5525: 5505: 5423: 3860: 3267: 3124: 2892: 2326:

according to FAO. About 5.1% Nepal's forests are classified as

2214: 2210: 2202: 1932: 1681:

depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer

1678: 1531: 1394: 1386: 1359: 1351: 1327: 1315: 1311: 1212: 1208:

forest, one kos equaling about three kilometers or two miles).

1200:. Nepal's rulers used this for a defensive frontier called the 1180: 1074: 1049: 1007: 960: 952: 948: 920: 898: 894: 874: 673: 640: 575: 343: 4931: 4859: 4816:. Lund, Sweden: Lund University, Water Resources Engineering. 4294:. Travel Guide. Himalayan Echo Trek and Travel. Archived from 2205:, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of 2072:

that in the aggregate are unsustainably "mining" groundwater.

1923:. The area around these features is the hydrographic nexus of 1832:

has seven Himalayan tributaries in the center of the country:

5495: 5433: 5031:"Nepal-India Open Border: Prospects, Problems and Challenges" 3341: 3134: 3093: 3056: 3020: 2983: 2917: 2850: 2783: 2719: 2652: 2384: 2380: 2299: 2088: 2032: 1908: 1885: 1666: 1662: 1547: 1440: 1398: 1390: 1363: 1355: 1347: 1307: 1303: 1116: 1003: 905: 904:

Some of these valleys historically were more accessible from

886: 870: 378: 347: 321: 314: 259: 4977:. Kathmandu: World Wildlife Fund Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program. 4119:"Nepal's holy Bagmati River choked with black sewage, trash" 2131:

the context of frequent acrimony between the two countries.

1318:

are largely confined to the lower zone. Other fruit such as

450: 5470: 4518:

Devkota, Lochan; Crosato, Alessandra; Giri, Sanjay (2012).

2014: 1594:

between 500 and 1,000 meters (1,600 and 3,300 ft) and

1444: 1343: 1135: 964: 151: 5005:"Nepal's forests 'being stripped by Indian timber demand'" 4967: 4895: 4814:"Sediment Transport Studies in Punatsangchu River, Bhutan" 4701:. New Delhi: Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies: 11. 2127:

with cascading failures of manmade structures downstream.

1778:

exceeding 10,000 km (4,000 sq mi) in area.

5195: 4760:"Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in Nepal" 4551:"Floods of Mithila Region: Raising Questions on Survival" 4449:

Water Resources of Nepal in the Context of Climate Change

2408:

are also used for entry/exit by third country nationals.

2311: 2265:

A land cover map of Nepal using Landsat 30 m (2010) data.

1245: 944: 901:—cut between Himalayan sub ranges or lie north of them. 1774:

and emerging onto the plains where they have deposited

1703:

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-

1460:

and there is no human habitation or even seasonal use.

1787:

for its seven Himalayan tributaries in eastern Nepal:

1580:, and finally rock and ice at the highest elevations. 1342:

draining or ponding cold air drainage. Crops include

998:

mainly populate river and stream bottoms that enable

2298:The Hill region constitutes the largest portion of 59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4517: 4203:"Averting an air pollution disaster in South Asia" 1880:inside Nepal and is joined by the East Rapti from 1722:Signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation 1719:, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands 1192:refers to wet or marshy ground. Before the use of 428:along the western border), all tributaries of the 4621:The United Nations. World Food Programme (2009). 2345:remains problematic. Despite the availability of 1947:. It is the centre of the universe according to 6525: 4446:Aryal, Ravi Sharma; Rajkarnikar, Gautam (2011). 4445: 4317:Graafen, Rainer; Seeber, Christian (June 1992). 4229:"Trash and Overcrowding at the Top of the World" 1484:Himalaya beyond a relatively low stretch of the 1271:Nepal map of Köppen climate classification zones 4729:"Revision of the West Seti Dam Design in Nepal" 2142:Total: 147,516 km (56,956 sq mi) 1993:between the Kosi and Gandaki systems, then the 1302:below 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) experiences 1002:and are warm enough for winter/spring crops of 4927: 4925: 4630:. New Delhi: Institute for Human Development. 3623: 2393: 2145:Land: 143,181 km (55,282 sq mi) 2123:. Sudden failures of these moraines can cause 1223:In several places beyond the Chure, there are 6132: 5725: 5258: 4316: 4255:"The very air we breathe | UNICEF Nepal" 1907:as major tributaries. The upper Bheri drains 1082:) until international pressure persuaded the 1056:around the periphery of Kathmandu Valley and 940:culture shows influences in both directions. 328:to the north and India on other three sides. 5007:. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. 2148:Water: 4,000 km (1,544 sq mi) 908:than Nepal and are populated by people with 5272: 5095:. Vol. XXVIII, no. 7. July 2016. 4922: 4685: 4683: 2246:11,680 km² (2003) Nearly 50% of arable land 1811:also rises in Tibet and is followed by the 1622:. To 5,500 meters (18,000 ft) are the 1620:western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 1451:and hybrids are pastured in warmer months. 6139: 6125: 5732: 5718: 5265: 5251: 1628:western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 1576:forests on the slopes of the Himalaya, to 1088:moving herds to lower elevations in winter 493:There are some 20 subranges including the 139: 5003:Khadka, Navin Singh (28 September 2010). 4913: 4414: 2191: 2018:Nepal's towns, villages, rivers and peaks 928:in Kumbu valley near Mount Everest. With 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 5219:Nepal Encyclopedia Geopolitical category 4689: 4680: 3635:Ports of Entry According to 2012 Treaty 2289: 2260: 2013: 1770:-like configuration before crossing the 1711:, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, 1284:Satellite image of Nepal in October 2002 1279: 1266: 974: 449: 213:147,516 km (56,956 sq mi) 5167:Nepal and Bhutan : country studies 4655: 1860:and flows through the semi-independent 1633: 1592:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 1454:Above 5,000 meters the climate becomes 14: 6526: 5054: 5052: 5023: 5002: 4811: 4757: 4548: 1698:Environment - international agreements 6120: 5739: 5713: 5246: 4820:from the original on 15 December 2013 4739:from the original on 14 December 2013 4726: 4708:from the original on 26 November 2013 4668:from the original on 15 December 2013 4637:from the original on 14 December 2013 4592:from the original on 18 December 2013 4580:Brown, Lester R. (29 November 2013). 4579: 4561:from the original on 18 December 2013 1105:above 3,000 metres (10,000 ft). 1018:valleys fall within the Hill region. 486:at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) and 5231:Brief and Concise Geography of Nepal 5132:from the original on 19 October 2020 5066:from the original on 19 October 2020 5011:from the original on 13 October 2018 4656:Kennedy, Kristian A. (17 May 2010). 4480: 2365:and over-grazing cause degradation. 1275: 613: Northern Kanchenjunga 57:adding citations to reliable sources 28: 6146: 5049: 4968:Kathmandu Forestry College (2013). 4935:Journal of Environmental Management 4863:Journal of Environmental Management 4415:Mallapaty, Smriti (12 April 2019). 4099:from the original on 7 January 2024 2022: 2007:foothills and are mostly seasonal. 1608:western Himalayan broadleaf forests 1600:eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 947:, grow cold-tolerant crops such as 372: 24: 4658:"The Naxalite Insurgency in India" 4624:Food Security Atlas of Rural Bihar 4499:from the original on 17 April 2012 4427:from the original on 17 April 2019 4333:from the original on 18 April 2021 1927:since it holds the sources of the 1596:Himalayan subtropical pine forests 987:, where a fault system called the 854: 490:at 8,598 metres (28,209 ft). 25: 6545: 5148: 5122:"Kodari Checkpoint To Open Today" 5102:from the original on 13 July 2019 5033:. Nepal Democracy. Archived from 4984:from the original on 5 March 2016 4915:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.04.003 4582:"India's dangerous 'food bubble'" 4549:Thakur, Atul Kumar (7 May 2009). 4131:from the original on 12 July 2023 1585:Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 1578:montane grasslands and shrublands 6507: 6498: 6497: 6100: 6091: 6090: 5183: This article incorporates 5178: 5154: 5060:"中华人民共和国政府和尼泊尔政府关于边境口岸及其管理制度的协定" 4261:from the original on 8 July 2023 4235:from the original on 8 July 2023 4209:from the original on 8 July 2023 4183:from the original on 8 July 2023 4157:from the original on 8 July 2023 1731: 33: 5114: 5078: 4996: 4961: 4889: 4853: 4805: 4751: 4720: 4649: 4614: 4573: 4542: 4511: 4474: 4439: 4408: 4365: 4310: 2249:Total renewable water resources 1899:drains western Nepal, with the 1864:, then between the 8,000 meter 1463:Arid and semi-arid land in the 859:The main watershed between the 385:, through beyond the perpetual 44:needs additional citations for 6465:British Indian Ocean Territory 6058:British Indian Ocean Territory 4284: 4273: 4247: 4221: 4195: 4169: 4143: 4111: 4081: 4046:5,095 m (16,700 ft) 3793:4,620 m (15,200 ft) 3727:3,640 m (11,900 ft) 2039:'s Sorrow" for its history of 1541: 13: 1: 5521:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu 4947:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.047 4875:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.047 4074: 3979:2,248 m (7,400 ft) 3918:1,760 m (5,800 ft) 3854:1,850 m (6,100 ft) 2368: 2256: 2003:rivers rise in the outermost 1911:, a remote valley beyond the 1640:Environmental issues in Nepal 1072:was grown and processed into 1010:. The increasingly urbanized 572: 29,029 ft 276:8,848 m (29,029 ft) 264:1,690 km (1,050 mi) 250:2,926 km (1,818 mi) 4902:Landscape and Urban Planning 4727:Thapa, A.B. (January 2010). 4423:. Spring Nature Publishing. 1931:and its major tributary the 1687:Environment - current issues 1554:along the Indian border, to 1149:than to the Pahad of Nepal. 1121:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal 1037:alongside urbanized Pahari. 1026:ethnic group with their own 818:(10th highest in the world) 7: 5575:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 4690:Malhotra, Pia (July 2010). 4490:American Journal of Science 4052: 3624:Border crossings with China 2394:Border crossings with India 2294:Terraced farmland in Nepal. 2181:Highest point: Sagarmatha ( 779:(8th highest in the world) 749:(7th highest in the world) 713:(6th highest in the world) 677:(5th highest in the world) 644:(4th highest in the world) 604:(3rd highest in the world) 569: 8,848 m 257:1,236 km (768 mi) 10: 6550: 4699:IPCS Special Report No. 95 4064:List of mountains in Nepal 3627: 2305: 2093:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency 1735: 1637: 1495: 1262: 1114: 134:Geography of Nepal (नेपाल) 6493: 6452: 6412: 6154: 6086: 6045: 6005: 5747: 5644: 5593: 5567: 5534: 5458: 5442: 5406: 5281: 5236:25 September 2022 at the 5172:Federal Research Division 3217:Taulihawa-Siddharthnagar 1856:rises on the edge of the 1781:The Koshi is also called 1052:south of the Annapurnas, 930:Chinese cultural hegemony 544: 534:Nepal’s highest mountains 381:—the northern rim of the 302: 292: 280: 268: 241: 233: 225: 217: 209: 199: 157: 147: 138: 6214:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5807:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5224:14 February 2009 at the 5202:(Archived 2005 edition.) 5093:Chinese Embassy in India 3495:Lakhimpur Kheri district 1583:This corresponds to the 1110: 970: 833: 794: 726: 690: 617: 445: 6475:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 6068:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5212:11 January 2012 at the 3310:Siddharthnagar district 2363:Tibet Autonomous Region 2347:liquefied petroleum gas 2134: 1985:south of the Kosi; the 1949:traditional cosmography 1758:—originate in multiple 1738:List of rivers of Nepal 566:(Highest in the world) 513:north of Pokhara, then 326:Tibet Autonomous Region 320:Nepal is landlocked by 288:59 m (194 ft) 285:Mukhiyapatti Musharniya 5585:Atolls of the Maldives 5383:Chittagong Hill Tracts 5185:public domain material 4841:Cite journal requires 4812:Choden, Sonam (2009). 4793:Cite journal requires 4481:Hack, John T. (1960). 3931:Sankhuwasabha District 3870:Sindhupalchok District 3601:Sudurpashchim Province 3564:Sudurpashchim Province 3527:Sudurpashchim Province 3485:Sudurpashchim Province 3447:Sudurpashchim Province 2295: 2266: 2192:Resources and land use 2077:Malthusian catastrophe 2019: 1888:, its name changes to 1874:world's deepest valley 1717:Ozone Layer Protection 1470:Transhimalayan climate 1467:of high ranges have a 1285: 1272: 980: 697:Sankhuwasabha District 501:around Mount Everest. 497:massif along with the 466: 4032:27.81667°N 87.73333°E 3984:Ri'og–Olangchung Gola 3965:27.85833°N 87.42500°E 3904:27.97333°N 85.96389°E 3840:28.27917°N 85.37861°E 3779:29.32333°N 83.98583°E 3713:30.15333°N 81.33333°E 3648:Chinese Jurisdiction 3628:Further information: 3238:27.45833°N 82.99444°E 2944:26.65806°N 86.06778°E 2878:26.60611°N 86.13722°E 2811:26.45000°N 86.79278°E 2747:26.51861°N 86.95111°E 2680:26.40250°N 87.26583°E 2613:26.54722°N 88.11000°E 2546:26.64472°N 88.16194°E 2475:26.94833°N 88.12222°E 2322:while about 21.4% is 2293: 2264: 2231:Permanent crops: 0.8% 2017: 1772:Lower Himalayan Range 1486:Lower Himalayan Range 1283: 1270: 1257:Lower Himalayan Range 1196:this was dangerously 985:Lower Himalayan Range 978: 924:including the famous 740:(Nepal-China Border) 704:(Nepal-China Border) 668:(Nepal-China Border) 635:(Nepal-India Border) 595:(Nepal-China Border) 453: 237:0 km (0 mi) 18:Middle Hills of Nepal 6389:United Arab Emirates 5982:United Arab Emirates 5126:The Spotlight Online 4662:Geopolitical Monitor 4608:16 July 2014 at the 4524:Rural Infrastructure 3923:Chentang–Kimathanka 3645:Nepali Jurisdiction 3611:Pithoragarh district 1634:Environmental issues 989:Main Boundary Thrust 505:north of Kathmandu, 68:"Geography of Nepal" 53:improve this article 6416:limited recognition 6009:limited recognition 5466:Indo-Gangetic plain 4028: / 3961: / 3900: / 3836: / 3775: / 3709: / 3636: 3438:Prithivipur (Sati) 3295:Kapilvastu District 3234: / 2940: / 2874: / 2807: / 2743: / 2676: / 2609: / 2582:Darjeeling district 2542: / 2471: / 2234:Other: 83.2% (2001) 2119:dammed by unstable 1602:to the east of the 1506:less water stress. 1244:. In the mid-1950s 733:Solukhumbu District 661:Solukhumbu District 588:Solukhumbu District 536: 407:South Asian monsoon 338:separate Nepal and 180: / 135: 6534:Geography of Nepal 5393:Gandhamardan Hills 5363:Sulaiman Mountains 5191:The World Factbook 5037:on 18 October 2005 4772:on 24 January 2014 4397:on 3 December 2013 4127:. 17 August 2022. 4037:27.81667; 87.73333 3998:Taplejung District 3970:27.85833; 87.42500 3909:27.97333; 85.96389 3845:28.27917; 85.37861 3784:29.32333; 83.98583 3718:30.15333; 81.33333 3634: 3630:China–Nepal border 3243:27.45833; 82.99444 3089:Sitamarhi district 3052:Sitamarhi district 2979:Madhubani district 2949:26.65806; 86.06778 2883:26.60611; 86.13722 2816:26.45000; 86.79278 2752:26.51861; 86.95111 2685:26.40250; 87.26583 2618:26.54722; 88.11000 2551:26.64472; 88.16194 2480:26.94833; 88.12222 2379:Border countries: 2296: 2267: 2228:Arable land: 16.0% 2165:Elevation extremes 2020: 1862:Kingdom of Mustang 1563:coniferous forests 1286: 1273: 1250:suppress mosquitos 1242:genetic resistance 981: 934:Kali Gandaki Gorge 912:affinities called 729:Khumbu Pasanglhamu 722:Khumbu Mahalangur 686:Makalu Mahalangur 657:Khumbu Pasanglhamu 628:Taplejung District 584:Khumbu Pasanglhamu 532: 517:further west with 467: 342:. To the east are 246:Total land borders 226: • Water 210: • Total 133: 6521: 6520: 6458:other territories 6114: 6113: 6051:other territories 5741:Geography of Asia 5707: 5706: 5481:Indus River Delta 5194:(2024 ed.). 5086:"News from China" 4586:Los Angeles Times 4462:on 3 January 2016 4326:. Vol. 130. 4205:. 21 April 2023. 4093:kathmandupost.com 4050: 4049: 3621: 3620: 3423:Bahraich district 2328:production forest 2197:Natural resources 2160:0 km (landlocked) 1565:in the hills, to 1552:tropical savannas 1380:Temperate climate 1276:Altitudinal belts 1248:came into use to 1099:temperate climate 1048:west of Pokhara, 852: 851: 529:in the far west. 463:annotated version 335:Siliguri Corridor 312: 311: 218: • Land 184:28.000°N 84.000°E 129: 128: 121: 103: 16:(Redirected from 6541: 6511: 6501: 6500: 6470:Christmas Island 6156:Sovereign states 6148:Climate of Asia 6141: 6134: 6127: 6118: 6117: 6104: 6094: 6093: 6063:Christmas Island 5749:Sovereign states 5734: 5727: 5720: 5711: 5710: 5501:Coromandel Coast 5368:Toba Kakar Range 5297: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5244: 5243: 5199: 5182: 5181: 5175: 5158: 5157: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5101: 5090: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5056: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4983: 4976: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4844: 4839: 4837: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4796: 4791: 4789: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4771: 4764: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4735:(6). Kathmandu. 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4696: 4687: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4636: 4629: 4618: 4612: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4498: 4492:. 258-A: 80–97. 4487: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4461: 4454: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4396: 4390:, archived from 4379: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4350: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4332: 4325: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4292:"Peaks of Nepal" 4288: 4282: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4124:Associated Press 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4085: 4069:Valleys of Nepal 4059:Geology of Nepal 4043: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4021: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3893: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3829: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3768: 3749:Mustang District 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3637: 3633: 3480:Kailali District 3415:Lumbini Province 3378:Lumbini Province 3337:Lumbini Province 3300:Lumbini Province 3263:Lumbini Province 3249: 3248: 3246: 3245: 3244: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3196:Lumbini Province 2955: 2954: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2933: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2672: 2669: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2411: 2410: 2023:River management 1991:Kathmandu Valley 1937:Ganges tributary 1935:, the Karnali—a 1917:Lake Manasarovar 1884:. Crossing into 1829:Gandaki/Narayani 1748:Gandaki/Narayani 1401:, various cole, 1000:rice cultivation 846:Gandaki Province 834: 828:Annapurna Massif 807:Gandaki Province 795: 768:Gandaki Province 727: 691: 618: 537: 531: 499:Mahalangur Himal 418:Gandaki/Narayani 373:Landform regions 195: 194: 192: 191: 190: 185: 181: 178: 177: 176: 173: 143: 136: 132: 124: 117: 113: 110: 104: 102: 61: 37: 29: 21: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6538: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6517: 6489: 6457: 6448: 6429:Northern Cyprus 6415: 6408: 6150: 6145: 6115: 6110: 6082: 6050: 6041: 6022:Northern Cyprus 6008: 6001: 5743: 5738: 5708: 5703: 5640: 5589: 5563: 5530: 5454: 5438: 5402: 5353:Anaimalai Hills 5293: 5277: 5271: 5238:Wayback Machine 5226:Wayback Machine 5214:Wayback Machine 5188: 5179: 5164: 5155: 5151: 5146: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5128:. 29 May 2019. 5120: 5119: 5115: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5058: 5057: 5050: 5040: 5038: 5029: 5028: 5024: 5014: 5012: 5001: 4997: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4974: 4966: 4962: 4930: 4923: 4894: 4890: 4858: 4854: 4842: 4840: 4831: 4830: 4823: 4821: 4810: 4806: 4794: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4758:ICIMOD (2011). 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4725: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4705: 4694: 4688: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4619: 4615: 4610:Wayback Machine 4595: 4593: 4578: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4413: 4409: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4354: 4353: 4344: 4343: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4134: 4132: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4055: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4014: 3994:Olangchung Gola 3985: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3835: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3806:Rasuwa District 3798:Gyirong–Rasuwa 3783: 3781: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3736: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3670: 3660: 3655: 3641: 3632: 3626: 3516:(Mahendranagar) 3515: 3455:Lakhimpur Kheri 3273:Siddharthanagar 3242: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3186: 3184:Siddharthanagar 2948: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2846:Supaul District 2815: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2793: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2742: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2729: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2675: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2662: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2595: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2457: 2454:Pashupatinagar 2420: 2415: 2396: 2376:Total: 2,926 km 2371: 2354:Illegal logging 2308: 2259: 2252:210.2 km (2011) 2194: 2137: 2025: 1971:Second category 1941:Yarlung Tsangpo 1858:Tibetan Plateau 1740: 1734: 1709:Desertification 1645:Natural hazards 1642: 1636: 1544: 1498: 1278: 1265: 1202:char kose jhadi 1123: 1115:Main articles: 1113: 1092:double cropping 973: 866:Yarlung Tsangpo 857: 855:Trans-Himalayan 841:Myagdi District 832: 824:26,545 ft 817: 802:Manang District 798:Gorkha District 793: 785:26,759 ft 778: 763:Myagdi District 755:26,795 ft 748: 736: 725: 719:26,906 ft 712: 700: 689: 683:27,762 ft 676: 664: 650:27,940 ft 643: 631: 616: 610:28,169 ft 603: 591: 565: 459:Tibetan Plateau 448: 424:(including the 375: 287: 275: 263: 258: 256: 251: 249: 188: 186: 182: 179: 174: 171: 169: 167: 166: 164: 125: 114: 108: 105: 62: 60: 50: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6547: 6537: 6536: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6505: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6461: 6459: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6420: 6418: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6144: 6143: 6136: 6129: 6121: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6098: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6054: 6052: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6013: 6011: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5753: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5737: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5714: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5649: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5561: 5556: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5431: 5429:Mysore Plateau 5426: 5424:Ladakh Plateau 5421: 5416: 5414:Deccan Plateau 5410: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5358:Cardamom Hills 5355: 5350: 5345: 5343:Himachal Range 5340: 5338:Shivalik Hills 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5313:Aravalli Range 5310: 5305: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5270: 5269: 5262: 5255: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5228: 5216: 5207:Atlas of Nepal 5204: 5176: 5150: 5149:External links 5147: 5144: 5143: 5113: 5077: 5048: 5022: 4995: 4960: 4921: 4888: 4852: 4843:|journal= 4804: 4795:|journal= 4750: 4719: 4679: 4648: 4613: 4572: 4541: 4510: 4473: 4438: 4407: 4386: 4364: 4309: 4298:on 7 June 2019 4283: 4272: 4246: 4220: 4194: 4177:"Accra, Ghana" 4168: 4142: 4110: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4012: 4009: 4007:Dinggyê County 4000: 3991: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3945: 3942: 3940:Dinggyê County 3933: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3884: 3881: 3872: 3863: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3820: 3817: 3815:Gyirong County 3808: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3791: 3759: 3756: 3754:Zhongba County 3751: 3742: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3693: 3690: 3681: 3679:Humla District 3672: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3571:(Pithoragarh) 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3419:Katerniyaghat 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3363: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3181: 3179: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3130:East Champaran 3127: 3122: 3120:Province No. 2 3117: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3097: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3079:Province No. 2 3076: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3042:Province No. 2 3039: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3006:Province No. 2 3003: 2998: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2969:Province No. 2 2966: 2961: 2956: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2903:Province No. 2 2900: 2895: 2890: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2836:Province No. 2 2833: 2828: 2823: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2769:Province No. 1 2766: 2761: 2759: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2705:Province No. 1 2702: 2697: 2692: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2638:Province No. 1 2635: 2633:Jhapa district 2630: 2625: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2573: 2571:Province No. 1 2568: 2563: 2558: 2526: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2500:Province No. 1 2497: 2492: 2490:Pashupatinagar 2487: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2377: 2370: 2367: 2357:picnic areas. 2316:primary forest 2307: 2304: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2241:Irrigated land 2238: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2179: 2176:jhapa district 2170:Lowest point: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2136: 2133: 2101:Andhra Pradesh 2041:urban flooding 2024: 2021: 2001:Third category 1882:Chitwan Valley 1872:ranges in the 1840:, Madi, Kali, 1813:Arniko Highway 1795:, Tama Koshi, 1752:Karnali/Goghra 1733: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1713:Law of the Sea 1705:Kyoto Protocol 1699: 1696: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1648: 1646: 1638:Main article: 1635: 1632: 1543: 1540: 1497: 1494: 1277: 1274: 1264: 1261: 1128:Gangetic Plain 1112: 1109: 1103:subalpine zone 1062:Koinch Sunuwar 972: 969: 856: 853: 850: 849: 837:Kaski District 830: 825: 822: 819: 811: 810: 791: 786: 783: 780: 772: 771: 759: 756: 753: 750: 742: 741: 738:Province No. 1 723: 720: 717: 714: 706: 705: 702:Province No. 1 687: 684: 681: 678: 670: 669: 666:Province No. 1 654: 653:Everest Group 651: 648: 645: 637: 636: 633:Province No. 1 614: 611: 608: 605: 597: 596: 593:Province No. 1 581: 573: 570: 567: 559: 558: 553: 548: 543: 447: 444: 434:Yarlung Zangbo 383:Gangetic Plain 374: 371: 310: 309: 304: 300: 299: 294: 290: 289: 282: 278: 277: 270: 266: 265: 243: 239: 238: 235: 231: 230: 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 201: 197: 196: 189:28.000; 84.000 165:coordinates = 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 127: 126: 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6546: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6504: 6496: 6495: 6492: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6455: 6451: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6439:South Ossetia 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6142: 6137: 6135: 6130: 6128: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6097: 6089: 6088: 6085: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6032:South Ossetia 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5735: 5730: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5716: 5715: 5712: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5566: 5560: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5542:Coastal India 5540: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5516:Rann of Kutch 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5328:Satpura Range 5326: 5324: 5323:Vindhya Range 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5308:Eastern Ghats 5306: 5304: 5303:Western Ghats 5301: 5296: 5295:Mount Everest 5292: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5273:Geography of 5268: 5263: 5261: 5256: 5254: 5249: 5248: 5245: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5186: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5168: 5162: 5161:public domain 5153: 5152: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5098: 5094: 5087: 5081: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5053: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5010: 5006: 4999: 4980: 4973: 4972: 4964: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4928: 4926: 4916: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4892: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4856: 4848: 4835: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4800: 4787: 4768: 4761: 4754: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4684: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4633: 4626: 4625: 4617: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4495: 4491: 4484: 4477: 4458: 4451: 4450: 4442: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4393: 4389: 4387:87-7903-210-9 4383: 4376: 4375: 4368: 4360: 4348: 4329: 4322: 4321: 4313: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4276: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4045: 4041: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3879:Nyalam County 3876: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3688:Burang County 3685: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3658: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3642:(Other Name) 3640:Crossing Name 3639: 3638: 3631: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3500:Uttar Pradesh 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3461: 3460:Uttar Pradesh 3458: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3428:Uttar Pradesh 3426: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3397: 3394: 3393:Uttar Pradesh 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3356: 3353: 3352:Uttar Pradesh 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3315:Uttar Pradesh 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3284:Krishnanagar 3283: 3282: 3279: 3278:Uttar Pradesh 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3211:Uttar Pradesh 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187:(Bhairahawa) 3185: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3168:Uttar Pradesh 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2594: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2555: 2527: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2366: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2336: 2333:According to 2331: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2303: 2301: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2263: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2184: 2183:Mount Everest 2180: 2177: 2173: 2172:Kechana Kawal 2169: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2132: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2117:glacial lakes 2115:formation of 2112: 2109: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2085:Uttar Pradesh 2082: 2081:food insecure 2078: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2049:alluvial fans 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921:Mount Kailash 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1850:Sapta Gandaki 1847: 1844:, Budhi, and 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1739: 1732:River systems 1724: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1693:Deforestation 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1655:thunderstorms 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1610:to the west. 1609: 1605: 1604:Gandaki River 1601: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1539: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1504: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1478:Bay of Bengal 1474: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1458: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1381: 1375: 1373: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1338: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1299: 1293: 1291: 1282: 1269: 1260: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1147:Uttar Pradesh 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1122: 1118: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1028:Tibeto-Burman 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 986: 977: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 922: 917: 916: 911: 907: 902: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 867: 862: 848: 847: 842: 839:/ Annapurna, 838: 831: 829: 826: 823: 821:8,091 m 820: 816: 813: 812: 809: 808: 803: 799: 792: 790: 789:Mansiri Himal 787: 784: 782:8,163 m 781: 777: 774: 773: 770: 769: 764: 760: 757: 754: 752:8,167 m 751: 747: 744: 743: 739: 734: 730: 724: 721: 718: 716:8,201 m 715: 711: 708: 707: 703: 698: 694: 688: 685: 682: 680:8,462 m 679: 675: 672: 671: 667: 662: 658: 655: 652: 649: 647:8,516 m 646: 642: 639: 638: 634: 629: 625: 621: 615: 612: 609: 607:8,586 m 606: 602: 601:Kangchenjunga 599: 598: 594: 589: 585: 582: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 564: 563:Mount Everest 561: 560: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 542: 539: 538: 535: 530: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 491: 489: 485: 484:Mount Everest 481: 476: 472: 464: 460: 456: 452: 443: 441: 439: 435: 432:. The Ganges- 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 410: 408: 404: 401:north of the 400: 396: 392: 391:Mount Everest 388: 384: 380: 370: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 336: 331: 327: 323: 318: 316: 308: 305: 301: 298: 295: 293:Longest river 291: 286: 283: 279: 274: 273:Mount Everest 271: 269:Highest point 267: 261: 254: 247: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 205: 202: 198: 193: 163: 162:Southern Asia 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 142: 137: 131: 123: 120: 112: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: – 69: 65: 64:Find sources: 58: 54: 48: 47: 42:This article 40: 36: 31: 30: 27: 19: 6454:Dependencies 6384:Turkmenistan 6349:Saudi Arabia 6047:Dependencies 5977:Turkmenistan 5942:Saudi Arabia 5911: 5695:Southeastern 5690:Southwestern 5670:Northeastern 5660:Northwestern 5610: 5491:Ganges Delta 5486:Ganges Basin 5476:Indus Valley 5419:Chota Nagpur 5398:Lushai Hills 5190: 5166: 5134:. Retrieved 5125: 5116: 5104:. Retrieved 5092: 5080: 5068:. Retrieved 5039:. Retrieved 5035:the original 5025: 5013:. Retrieved 4998: 4986:. Retrieved 4970: 4963: 4938: 4934: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4834:cite journal 4822:. Retrieved 4807: 4786:cite journal 4774:. Retrieved 4767:the original 4753: 4741:. Retrieved 4732: 4722: 4710:. Retrieved 4698: 4670:. Retrieved 4661: 4651: 4639:. Retrieved 4623: 4616: 4594:. Retrieved 4585: 4575: 4563:. Retrieved 4554: 4544: 4532:. Retrieved 4530:(3): 124–132 4527: 4523: 4513: 4501:. Retrieved 4489: 4476: 4464:. Retrieved 4457:the original 4448: 4441: 4429:. Retrieved 4420: 4410: 4399:, retrieved 4392:the original 4373: 4367: 4337:22 September 4335:. Retrieved 4319: 4312: 4300:. Retrieved 4296:the original 4286: 4275: 4263:. Retrieved 4249: 4237:. Retrieved 4223: 4211:. Retrieved 4197: 4185:. Retrieved 4171: 4159:. Retrieved 4145: 4133:. Retrieved 4122: 4113: 4101:. Retrieved 4092: 4083: 3802:Rasuwa Gadhi 3511: 3510: 3471: 3470: 3359: 3358: 3290:Krishnanagar 3175: 3174: 3142: 3141: 3101: 3100: 2959:Thadi Jhijha 2578:(Panitanki) 2522: 2521: 2505:Sukhiapokhri 2439:Indian town 2404: 2403: 2397: 2359: 2352: 2340: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2281:forest cover 2268: 2129: 2113: 2105: 2074: 2059: 2052: 2045: 2026: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1989:that drains 1970: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1894: 1889: 1877: 1854:Kali Gandaki 1853: 1849: 1848:also called 1838:Seti Gandaki 1827: 1825: 1782: 1780: 1741: 1612: 1589: 1582: 1545: 1536: 1520: 1508: 1499: 1475: 1468: 1462: 1455: 1453: 1432: 1430: 1413: 1411: 1378: 1376: 1368: 1366:and citrus. 1364:stone fruits 1339:climate zone 1335: 1333: 1310:and well as 1296: 1294: 1287: 1254: 1238:Tharu people 1229: 1222: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1189: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1167: 1140: 1131: 1124: 1107: 1096: 1073: 1039: 993: 988: 982: 979:Middle Hills 942: 919: 913: 903: 864: 858: 844: 805: 796:Tsum Nubri, 766: 761:Dhaulagiri, 620:Phaktanglung 555: 550: 545: 540: 533: 527:Gurans Himal 525:and finally 495:Kanchenjunga 492: 488:Kanchenjunga 468: 442: 430:Ganges river 411: 394: 376: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 333: 319: 313: 303:Largest lake 281:Lowest point 130: 115: 106: 96: 89: 82: 75: 63: 51:Please help 46:verification 43: 26: 6513:Asia portal 6414:States with 6334:Philippines 6274:South Korea 6269:North Korea 6164:Afghanistan 6106:Asia portal 6007:States with 5927:Philippines 5867:South Korea 5862:North Korea 5757:Afghanistan 5636:Afghanistan 5580:Lakshadweep 5450:Thar Desert 5348:Khasi Hills 5106:15 February 5070:10 February 5015:11 December 4988:11 December 4824:11 December 4776:11 December 4743:11 December 4733:Hydro Nepal 4712:11 December 4672:11 December 4641:11 December 4596:10 December 4503:10 December 4421:Nature News 4401:22 November 4355:|work= 4302:13 December 4035: / 3968: / 3907: / 3843: / 3782: / 3745:Lo Manthang 3716: / 3616:Uttarakhand 3580:Uttarakhand 3575:Pithoragarh 3542:Uttarakhand 3490:Gauriphanta 3241: / 3206:Maharajganj 3163:Maharajganj 2947: / 2881: / 2814: / 2750: / 2683: / 2659:Biratnagar 2616: / 2587:West Bengal 2561:Kakarbhitta 2549: / 2515:West Bengal 2478: / 2425:Nepali town 2400:checkpoints 2079:in India's 2066:electricity 2029:August 2008 1945:Brahmaputra 1815:connecting 1809:Bhote Koshi 1784:Sapta Koshi 1760:tributaries 1661:are rare), 1651:Earthquakes 1587:ecoregion. 1556:subtropical 1542:Environment 1509:The summer 1490:rainshadows 1426:cauliflower 1337:subtropical 1230:Inner Terai 1225:dūn valleys 1217:Chure Hills 1171:Chure Hills 1165:languages. 1132:Outer Terai 1130:called the 1035:other towns 861:Brahmaputra 835:Annapurna, 800:/ Nashong, 758:Dhaulagiri 475:alpine zone 455:Perspective 438:Brahmaputra 330:West Bengal 253:China (PRC) 204:Ranked 93rd 187: / 6394:Uzbekistan 6369:Tajikistan 6284:Kyrgyzstan 6264:Kazakhstan 6184:Bangladesh 6174:Azerbaijan 5987:Uzbekistan 5962:Tajikistan 5877:Kyrgyzstan 5857:Kazakhstan 5777:Bangladesh 5767:Azerbaijan 5626:Bangladesh 5594:By country 5552:West Coast 5547:East Coast 5511:Sundarbans 5388:Naga Hills 5378:Hindu Kush 5333:Garo Hills 5275:South Asia 4565:9 December 4555:Standpoint 4534:9 December 4466:9 December 4075:References 4023:87°44′00″E 4020:27°49′00″N 3956:87°25′30″E 3953:27°51′30″N 3927:Kimathanka 3895:85°57′50″E 3892:27°58′24″N 3831:85°22′43″E 3828:28°16′45″N 3770:83°59′09″E 3767:29°19′24″N 3704:81°20′00″E 3701:30°09′12″N 3671:(Xieerwa) 3661:elevation 3522:Kanchanpur 3513:Bhim Datta 3258:Kapilvastu 3229:82°59′40″E 3226:27°27′30″N 3176:Bhairahawa 2990:Jaleshwar 2935:86°04′04″E 2932:26°39′29″N 2869:86°08′14″E 2866:26°36′22″N 2802:86°47′34″E 2799:26°27′00″N 2738:86°57′04″E 2735:26°31′07″N 2695:Biratnagar 2671:87°15′57″E 2668:26°24′09″N 2648:Kishanganj 2604:88°06′36″E 2601:26°32′50″N 2537:88°09′43″E 2534:26°38′41″N 2510:Darjeeling 2466:88°07′20″E 2463:26°56′54″N 2383:1,236 km, 2369:Boundaries 2257:Land cover 2108:Bangladesh 2095:in Bihar, 2070:tube wells 2062:reservoirs 1995:West Rapti 1925:South Asia 1913:Dhaulagiri 1866:Dhaulagiri 1797:Dudh Koshi 1768:candelabra 1736:See also: 1671:landslides 1665:and flash 1574:coniferous 1515:Inner Asia 1465:rainshadow 1403:amaranthus 1389:, potato, 1235:indigenous 1215:belt, the 1211:Above the 1101:zone into 1084:government 1046:Kham Magar 1024:indigenous 873:) and the 746:Dhaulagiri 624:Sirijangha 579:Mahalangur 515:Dhaulagiri 399:rainshadow 395:Sagarmatha 340:Bangladesh 332:'s narrow 79:newspapers 6480:Hong Kong 6434:Palestine 6359:Sri Lanka 6354:Singapore 6234:Indonesia 6073:Hong Kong 6027:Palestine 5952:Sri Lanka 5947:Singapore 5827:Indonesia 5621:Sri Lanka 5373:Karakoram 5289:Himalayas 5282:Mountains 5041:2 January 4941:: 82–90. 4869:: 82–90. 4357:ignored ( 4347:cite book 3656:Location 3606:Dharchula 3569:Jhulaghat 3548:Mahakali 3537:Champawat 3473:Dhangadhi 3383:Rupaidiha 3368:Nepalganj 3360:Nepalganj 3347:Balrampur 3321:Koilabas 3253:Taulihawa 3191:Rupandehi 3158:Thutibari 3150:Mahespur 3084:Bairgania 3032:Malangawa 3016:Sitamarhi 3001:Mahottari 2913:Madhubani 2908:Jayanagar 2790:Rajbiraj 2774:Bhimnagar 2628:Bhadrapur 2576:Naxalbari 2421:Location 2324:conserved 2320:protected 2185:) 8,848 m 2155:Coastline 2097:Jharkhand 2037:Gorakhpur 1939:—and the 1870:Annapurna 1842:Marsyandi 1817:Kathmandu 1793:Sun Koshi 1789:Indrawati 1659:tornadoes 1653:, severe 1570:broadleaf 1567:temperate 1559:broadleaf 1482:Annapurna 1415:Subalpine 1407:buckwheat 1324:jackfruit 1070:Marijuana 1012:Kathmandu 957:buckwheat 815:Annapurna 521:north of 519:Kanjiroba 507:Annapurna 480:snow line 471:subalpine 403:Himalayas 387:snow line 307:Rara Lake 234:Coastline 148:Continent 109:June 2021 6528:Category 6503:Category 6424:Abkhazia 6374:Thailand 6329:Pakistan 6309:Mongolia 6304:Maldives 6299:Malaysia 6199:Cambodia 6096:Category 6017:Abkhazia 5967:Thailand 5922:Pakistan 5902:Mongolia 5897:Maldives 5892:Malaysia 5792:Cambodia 5680:Southern 5675:Littoral 5665:Northern 5631:Maldives 5606:Pakistan 5459:Lowlands 5407:Plateaus 5318:Nilgiris 5234:Archived 5222:Archived 5210:Archived 5130:Archived 5097:Archived 5064:Archived 5009:Archived 4979:Archived 4955:25181944 4908:: 1–10. 4883:25181944 4818:Archived 4737:Archived 4703:Archived 4666:Archived 4632:Archived 4606:Archived 4590:Archived 4559:Archived 4494:Archived 4431:21 April 4425:Archived 4328:Archived 4259:Archived 4233:Archived 4207:Archived 4181:Archived 4155:Archived 4129:Archived 4097:Archived 4053:See also 4011:Planned 3988:Tipta La 3944:Planned 3936:Chentang 3866:Tatopani 3859:Zhangmu– 3758:Planned 3735:—Nechung 3654:Crossing 3596:Darchula 3591:Darchula 3554:Mahakali 3451:Tikonia 3399:Rajapur 3388:Bahraich 3327:Koilabas 3201:Nautanwa 3074:Rautahat 3047:Sonbarsa 2996:Jaleswar 2826:Rajbiraj 2726:Sunsari 2643:Galgalia 2443:District 2435:Province 2430:District 2419:Crossing 2414:Crossing 2387:1,690 km 2343:firewood 2223:Land use 2219:iron ore 2121:moraines 1965:Ghaghara 1953:Mahakali 1878:Narayani 1834:Daraundi 1799:, Liku, 1776:megafans 1756:Mahakali 1683:monsoons 1667:flooding 1663:flooding 1532:Dipawali 1503:Siwaliks 1372:Janajati 1298:tropical 1240:who had 1198:malarial 1159:Bhojpuri 1155:Maithali 1031:language 949:potatoes 863:(called 556:Location 541:Mountain 503:Langtang 426:Mahakali 6399:Vietnam 6314:Myanmar 6294:Lebanon 6224:Georgia 6179:Bahrain 6169:Armenia 5992:Vietnam 5907:Myanmar 5887:Lebanon 5817:Georgia 5772:Bahrain 5762:Armenia 5655:Central 5568:Islands 5443:Deserts 5136:28 June 4603:Alt URL 4135:12 July 3883:Active 3875:Zhangmu 3819:Active 3811:Gyirong 3739:Kora La 3692:Active 3666:Burang– 3651:Status 3559:Baitadi 3532:Banbasa 3442:Kailali 3410:Bardiya 3405:Rajapur 3110:Birganj 3102:Birganj 3037:Sarlahi 3011:Sursand 2974:Laukaha 2964:Dhanusa 2857:Siraha 2841:Kunauli 2831:Saptari 2764:Sunsari 2710:Jogbani 2405:italics 2306:Forests 2274:Landsat 2207:lignite 2083:states 2054:Mithila 2005:Siwalik 1987:Bagmati 1897:Karnali 1846:Trisuli 1764:monsoon 1675:drought 1624:eastern 1616:eastern 1550:, from 1524:Dashain 1511:monsoon 1496:Seasons 1422:cabbage 1320:litchee 1308:mangoes 1290:Florida 1263:Climate 1227:called 1186:Persian 1080:hashish 1022:are an 1016:Pokhara 996:Paharis 938:Thakali 926:Sherpas 915:Bhotiya 910:Tibetan 891:Mustang 776:Manaslu 710:Cho Oyu 551:Section 511:Manaslu 422:Karnali 297:Karnali 242:Borders 175:84°00′E 172:28°00′N 93:scholar 6444:Taiwan 6379:Turkey 6344:Russia 6279:Kuwait 6259:Jordan 6249:Israel 6209:Cyprus 6194:Brunei 6189:Bhutan 6037:Taiwan 5972:Turkey 5937:Russia 5872:Kuwait 5852:Jordan 5842:Israel 5802:Cyprus 5787:Brunei 5782:Bhutan 5685:Island 5647:region 5616:Bhutan 5559:Makran 5535:Coasts 5526:Makran 5506:Konkan 5200: 5163:. 4953: 4881: 4384: 4265:8 July 4239:8 July 4213:8 July 4187:8 July 4161:8 July 4103:20 May 3861:Kodari 3684:Burang 3659:Border 3305:Barhni 3268:Khunwa 3143:Parasi 3125:Raxaul 2898:Siraha 2893:Siraha 2779:Supaul 2715:Araria 2700:Morang 2335:ICIMOD 2270:ICIMOD 2215:cobalt 2211:copper 2203:Quartz 2125:floods 2060:Large 1983:Kamala 1979:Kankai 1961:Goghra 1951:. The 1933:Sutlej 1890:Gandak 1852:. The 1803:, and 1679:famine 1677:, and 1548:biomes 1434:Alpine 1395:walnut 1387:barley 1360:potato 1352:millet 1328:citrus 1316:banana 1312:papaya 1213:Bhabar 1204:(four 1181:Bhabar 1176:Churia 1151:Nepali 1075:Charas 1054:Tamang 1050:Gurung 1020:Newars 1008:potato 961:millet 953:barley 936:where 921:Bhutia 899:Khumbu 895:Manang 875:Ganges 693:Makalu 674:Makalu 641:Lhotse 576:Khumbu 546:Height 344:Bhutan 221:92.94% 158:Region 95: 88: 81: 74: 66: 6485:Macau 6404:Yemen 6364:Syria 6339:Qatar 6319:Nepal 6254:Japan 6229:India 6219:Egypt 6204:China 6078:Macau 5997:Yemen 5957:Syria 5932:Qatar 5912:Nepal 5847:Japan 5822:India 5812:Egypt 5797:China 5611:Nepal 5601:India 5496:Terai 5434:Malwa 5187:from 5100:(PDF) 5089:(PDF) 4982:(PDF) 4975:(PDF) 4770:(PDF) 4763:(PDF) 4706:(PDF) 4695:(PDF) 4635:(PDF) 4628:(PDF) 4497:(PDF) 4486:(PDF) 4460:(PDF) 4453:(PDF) 4395:(PDF) 4378:(PDF) 4331:(PDF) 4324:(PDF) 4280:Dahal 4003:Ri'og 3675:Hilsa 3373:Banke 3342:Jarwa 3135:Bihar 3115:Parsa 3094:Bihar 3063:Gaur 3057:Bihar 3021:Bihar 2984:Bihar 2918:Bihar 2851:Bihar 2784:Bihar 2720:Bihar 2653:Bihar 2566:Jhapa 2523:Mechi 2448:State 2416:Name 2385:India 2381:China 2300:Nepal 2089:Bihar 2033:Bihar 1975:Mechi 1929:Indus 1909:Dolpo 1901:Bheri 1886:India 1821:Lhasa 1805:Tamor 1744:Koshi 1528:Tihar 1488:. In 1457:Nival 1445:goats 1441:Sheep 1399:peach 1391:apple 1356:wheat 1348:maize 1304:frost 1190:terai 1163:Tharu 1143:Bihar 1117:Terai 1111:Terai 1066:Limbu 1042:Magar 1004:wheat 971:Hilly 906:Tibet 887:Dolpo 883:Jumla 879:Humla 871:Tibet 523:Jumla 446:Himal 414:Koshi 379:Terai 348:India 322:China 315:Nepal 260:India 229:7.06% 100:JSTOR 86:books 6324:Oman 6289:Laos 6244:Iraq 6239:Iran 5917:Oman 5882:Laos 5837:Iraq 5832:Iran 5471:Doab 5138:2019 5108:2017 5072:2017 5043:2012 5017:2013 4990:2013 4951:PMID 4879:PMID 4847:help 4826:2013 4799:help 4778:2013 4745:2013 4714:2013 4674:2013 4643:2013 4598:2013 4567:2013 4536:2013 4505:2013 4468:2013 4433:2019 4403:2013 4382:ISBN 4359:help 4339:2020 4304:2014 4267:2023 4241:2023 4215:2023 4189:2023 4163:2023 4137:2023 4105:2020 3733:Lizi 3668:Yari 3332:Dang 3069:Gaur 2495:Ilam 2178:59 m 2135:Area 2099:and 2087:and 1981:and 1957:Kali 1919:and 1905:Seti 1903:and 1895:The 1868:and 1826:The 1819:and 1801:Arun 1754:and 1626:and 1618:and 1606:and 1572:and 1561:and 1526:and 1449:yaks 1436:zone 1431:The 1417:zone 1412:The 1405:and 1382:zone 1377:The 1344:rice 1334:The 1314:and 1300:zone 1295:The 1161:and 1145:and 1136:jute 1119:and 1064:and 1044:and 1014:and 1006:and 965:rice 959:and 945:yaks 897:and 509:and 473:and 420:and 346:and 200:Area 152:Asia 72:news 6456:and 6049:and 5645:By 5196:CIA 4943:doi 4939:148 4910:doi 4906:141 4871:doi 4867:148 2312:FAO 2031:in 1963:or 1955:or 1246:DDT 1206:kos 1194:DDT 1174:or 1058:Rai 918:or 869:in 461:. ( 393:or 324:'s 55:by 6530:: 5170:. 5124:. 5091:. 5051:^ 4949:. 4924:^ 4904:. 4900:. 4877:. 4838:: 4836:}} 4832:{{ 4790:: 4788:}} 4784:{{ 4731:. 4697:. 4682:^ 4664:. 4660:. 4588:. 4584:. 4557:. 4553:. 4526:. 4522:. 4488:. 4419:. 4351:: 4349:}} 4345:{{ 4257:. 4231:. 4179:. 4153:. 4121:. 4095:. 4091:. 4005:, 3996:, 3990:) 3938:, 3929:, 3877:, 3868:, 3813:, 3804:, 3747:, 3741:) 3686:, 3677:, 2277:TM 2217:, 2213:, 2209:, 2174:, 1977:, 1967:. 1892:. 1836:, 1823:. 1791:, 1750:, 1746:, 1715:, 1707:, 1673:, 1669:, 1630:. 1447:, 1443:, 1424:, 1409:. 1397:, 1393:, 1362:, 1358:, 1354:, 1350:, 1346:, 1326:, 1322:, 1259:. 1188:, 1157:, 1060:, 955:, 951:, 893:, 889:, 885:, 881:, 843:, 804:, 765:, 731:, 695:, 659:, 626:, 622:/ 586:, 416:, 409:. 350:. 6140:e 6133:t 6126:v 5733:e 5726:t 5719:v 5266:e 5259:t 5252:v 5198:. 5174:. 5140:. 5110:. 5074:. 5045:. 5019:. 4992:. 4957:. 4945:: 4918:. 4912:: 4885:. 4873:: 4849:) 4845:( 4828:. 4801:) 4797:( 4780:. 4747:. 4716:. 4676:. 4645:. 4600:. 4569:. 4538:. 4528:3 4507:. 4470:. 4435:. 4361:) 4341:. 4306:. 4269:. 4243:. 4217:. 4191:. 4165:. 4139:. 4107:. 3986:( 3737:( 1943:/ 1657:( 1530:( 1078:( 735:, 699:, 663:, 630:, 590:, 465:) 436:/ 262:: 255:: 248:: 122:) 116:( 111:) 107:( 97:· 90:· 83:· 76:· 49:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Geography of Nepal

Index