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comparison. The only borders it shared with other states at the time were with the Papal States, Benevento, and Venice, which were relatively new states without a culture of trade or development. This would prevent Middle
Francia from trading with other states, such as Byzantium or Bulgaria. In addition, its position in Europe could compromise its sovereignty. If any of its neighbouring states, especially West or East Francia, decided to attack Middle Francia, its borders could not be defended due to their length; this is essentially similar to what happened in the
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783:
The geographical situation of Middle
Francia was unprivileged in comparison to its biggest neighbours, West and East Francia. This is due to the position of the Kingdom in Europe. Its only major borders were with East and West Francia; the rest of its borders were isolated and very small in
919:
was declared illegitimate, so his only legal heir was his brother, Louis II. If Louis II had inherited
Lotharingia, Middle Francia would have been reunited. However, as Louis II was at that time campaigning against the
743:. One of the reasons Middle Francia was a short-lived state, is due to the geographic situation between two more powerful states, which had much greater influence in Europe than Middle Francia.
967:. Charles was crowned Emperor by Pope John VIII in 881 and thus he reunited the entire Carolingian Empire in 884, although it lasted only until Charles' overthrow in 887.
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735:, as well as parts of northern Italy. Following the 855 partition, 'Middle Francia' became only a geographic term and the bulk of its territory was reorganised as
880:
Charles died early and without sons in 863. According to
Frankish custom, his brothers Louis II and Lothair II divided his realm. Lothair II received the western
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divided Middle
Francia among his three sons. The lands in northern Italy, which extended as far south as Rome and Spoleto, were left to the eldest son
1192:
686:, but lacked any geographic or cultural cohesion, which prevented it from surviving and forming a nucleus of a larger state, as was the case with
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Middle
Francia was situated between the realms of East and West Francia, and comprised the Frankish territory between the rivers
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904:(remnants of his original Burgundian possessions) which were incorporated into Lotharingia; while Louis II received the
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In 875 the last of
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Engreen, Fred E. (1945). "Pope John the Eighth and the Arabs".
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Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 3: c. 900–c. 1024
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after an intermittent civil war between the grandsons of
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759:, in which the Frankish kingdom had access to the
1213:States and territories disestablished in the 850s
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84:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
1035:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
1208:States and territories established in the 840s
725:(except for a western portion, later known as
1020:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008.
678:. His realm contained the imperial cities of
948:), while the rest went to Charles the Bald.
955:, eldest son of Louis the German. However,
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50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
911:When Lothair II died in 869, his only son
674:, the eldest son and successor of emperor
670:. Middle Francia was allocated to emperor
342:
779:Geographical importance of Middle Francia
537:350.000 km (135.136 sq mi)
297:Learn how and when to remove this message
279:Learn how and when to remove this message
217:Learn how and when to remove this message
115:Learn how and when to remove this message
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824:, the lands today on the border between
658:kingdom which was created in 843 by the
1193:9th-century disestablishments in Europe
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982:Kingdom of Burgundy
977:History of Burgundy
953:Carloman of Bavaria
906:Kingdom of Provence
850:Kingdom of Burgundy
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741:namesake son
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533:• Total
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149:Please help
144:verification
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1162:Netherlands
1150:Middle Ages
842:Lotharingia
834:Switzerland
737:Lotharingia
664:Charlemagne
621:Lotharingia
557:Preceded by
487:Middle Ages
396:Old Occitan
386:Old Frisian
97:introducing
1172:Categories
988:References
838:Lothair II
798:Prüm Abbey
442:Government
429:(official)
391:Old French
253:improve it
177:newspapers
36:improve it
1079:154749195
822:Rhineland
747:Geography
728:Bourgogne
719:North Sea
672:Lothair I
470:Lothair I
420:Religion
381:Old Dutch
257:verifying
42:talk page
1050:Speculum
971:See also
917:Waldrada
894:Vivarais
862:Provence
763:and the
733:Provence
656:Frankish
542:Currency
446:Monarchy
427:Catholic
1126:Germany
1102:Belgium
1088:Portals
1071:2854614
1011:Sources
932:by the
846:Charles
830:Germany
715:Frisian
711:Scheldt
580:Francia
511:•
498:•
354:Capital
337:843–855
251:Please
191:scholar
93:improve
1114:France
1077:
1069:
1039:
1024:
890:Vienne
860:) and
826:France
773:Veneto
753:Frisia
731:) and
713:, the
694:) and
680:Aachen
546:Denier
455:
358:Aachen
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1138:Italy
1075:S2CID
1067:JSTOR
707:Rhine
684:Pavia
648:Latin
328:Latin
198:JSTOR
184:books
78:, or
1037:ISBN
1022:ISBN
928:and
913:Hugh
898:Uzès
896:and
886:Lyon
856:and
828:and
814:Alps
709:and
527:Area
452:King
170:news
1059:doi
702:).
518:855
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