834:
659:, the chairman and ranking member of the Senate Foreign Affairs Western Hemisphere subcommittee. Their staffs had disapproved of the way in which the State Department had notified the committee of a particular programs, and held Sullivan and Kozak responsible as deputy assistant secretaries at the time. They also disliked the way in which Kozak had helped resolve the
487:
and hired ships bringing family members from Cuba to the United States, Kozak wrote a memo outlining various options for dealing with migration of Cuban refugees. The memo included points that could be used to justify a decision to prohibit entry. Kozak noted that prosecutions for bringing Cubans to
778:
mission in Minsk, pushed for political opposition parties in
Belarus to unite around a single leader, Uladzimir Hancharyk, the leader of the Trade Union Federation. Hancharyk did not gain widespread popular support, and was seen as a "remnant of the old Soviet days of privilege and Party control".
574:
In 1988, Kozak was a special presidential envoy who "achieved prominence ... when he led an unsuccessful effort to persuade then-Panamanian leader Manuel
Noriega to agree to a democratic transfer of power" prior to the U.S. military deposing Noriega in December 1989.
585:, attempting to settle on terms under which Noreiga would step down. Kozak argued for a diplomatic arrangement under which indictment against Noriega would be quashed, sanctions would be lifted, and Noriega would step down and leave the country by August 1988.
423:. He has been described as a problem solver with practical solutions, who is "not prone to ideological diatribes." He also been called "an outgoing, let's roll-up-our-sleeves kind of guy with a square boxer's body and face" and "pugnacious."
488:
the United States in the past were rare, and that unless the government were prepared to demonstrate its willingness to do so, Cuban
Americans would assume there was no serious risk in participating in the boatlift.
1405:(January 1992). "Chile-United States Commission Convened Under the 1914 Treaty for the Settlement of Disputes: Decision with Regard to the Dispute Concerning Responsibility for the Deaths of Letelier and Moffitt".
31:
606:
In March 1989, as acting
Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, Kozak advocated before Congress for funding for diplomatic efforts in Latin America. He also helped
1041:
803:
controlled by
President Lukashenko declared him the winner with 75.6 percent of the vote, a result contested as false and fraudulent by international bodies and other countries.
620:, Kozak argued before a House hearing that relations with Cuba should not improve until the Castro regime made concessions to the United States on a variety of concerns.
96:
880:
895:
726:
965:
599:
denounced the negotiations. Kozak continued with the talks and delivered an ultimatum for
Noreiga to agree to by May 25, 1988, but Noriega refused and the
2091:
2101:
2081:
1973:
945:
1556:
1448:
1610:
707:
833:
149:
868:
staff, with responsibility for democracy, human rights, international organizations, migration and detainee issues. He authored the first
713:
to join the Haiti
Working Group, where they worked in underfunded office space with furniture from the 1950s, peeling paint, and outdated
827:
88:
2038:
206:
2106:
2086:
1511:
Carrier, Mathieu (2011). "Ousting
Noreiga from Power: Setting the Stage for a Crisis". In Hensel, Howard M.; Michaud, Nelson (eds.).
1402:
865:
838:
405:
2096:
869:
420:
524:
While working as principal deputy legal advisor, Kozak originated an idea to settle a dispute between the U.S. government and the
2116:
2111:
909:
Between
September 2017 and September 2019, Kozak held the title of Senior Bureau Official for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.
767:
On April 6, 2000, President Bill
Clinton announced his intention to nominate Kozak to be U.S. Ambassador to Belarus. President
2121:
1867:
1618:
1243:
1143:
1837:
1798:
1526:
1482:
1375:
1251:
1155:
771:
made Kozak wait several months before arranging for Kozak to present his credentials for official recognition as ambassador.
1884:
850:
578:
In early 1988, Kozak had been sent to Panama repeatedly to try to negotiate on behalf of the U.S. government directly with
491:
In 1980 and 1981, Kozak was part of a State Department team meeting with Cuban officials over migration and other issues.
2007:
593:
258:
1823:
1784:
1309:
926:
552:
1940:
1741:
1703:
1655:
1585:
1327:
1289:
1212:
1085:
995:
842:
533:
393:
43:
1889:
687:
when requesting their information on a group allegedly financed by Cuban Americans that attempted attacks in Cuba.
672:
600:
568:
396:
who served as Acting Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs from 2019 to 2021. He previously served as
1733:
1204:
737:
1870:
1358:
Shaping Foreign Policy in Times of Crisis: The Role of International Law and the State Department Legal Adviser
751:, less than 36 hours before the planned landing of American troops there, to convince the leader of the ruling
684:
652:
644:
640:
556:
412:
in 1991. He achieved a measure of prominence in the 1980s for his attempts to negotiate with Panamanian leader
409:
1407:
811:
660:
1825:
Understanding Tahrir Square: What Transitions Elsewhere Can Teach Us about the Prospects for Arab Democracy
1727:
1468:
717:. Kozak, as special negotiator, along with Pezzullo, was responsible for communications with Aristide, the
1604:
1237:
494:
Between 1982 and 1988, Kozak became a principal deputy assistant secretary of state level official in the
1829:
1573:
In the Aftermath of War: US Support for Reconstruction and Nation-Building in Panama Following Just Cause
1571:
800:
710:
676:
495:
1474:
1363:
397:
991:
628:
457:
613:
implement a bipartisan agreement on Central America designed to help end the conflict in Nicaragua.
544:
As Chile was unwilling to submit to a determination by a U.S. tribunal, Kozak proposed invoking the
1198:
616:
In 1989, as principal deputy assistant secretary of state for Inter-American Affairs, working with
510:
1729:
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States 2000: Book 1 : William Jefferson Clinton
937:
at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1971, where he was assistant managing editor of the
1319:
888:
483:
of Cuban refugees to the United States, and formulated its statements on possible prosecution of
362:
1147:
2076:
1367:
703:
1695:
1684:
1647:
966:"Nomination of Michael G. Kozak To Be United States Ambassador to the Republic of El Salvador"
826:
Between 2003 and 2005, Kozak held a principal deputy assistant secretary of state role in the
643:. His appointment, and that of Joseph Sullivan to be ambassador to Nicaragua, were blocked by
567:
Between 1988 and 1991, Kozak held a principal deputy assistant secretary of state role in the
1936:
1790:
1758:
1550:
1512:
1442:
1082:
938:
873:
748:
437:
2071:
1577:
1131:
918:
768:
714:
579:
453:
452:
administrations. He then participated in the multilateral efforts to mediate an end to the
338:
814:
and charged that Belarus President Lukashenko was illegally selling arms to the regime of
631:
for civil law enforcement work after the overthrow of Manuel Noriega, with mixed results.
8:
2000:
1286:
1046:
796:
589:
419:
Kozak is a civil service employee of the U.S. State Department and charter member of the
295:
1863:
Decades of Terror: Exploring Human Rights abuses in Kashmir and the Disputed Territories
501:
In 1984, Kozak was the legal advisor in the State Department's delegation that met at a
1518:
1424:
1356:
1136:
788:
607:
545:
525:
461:
1311:
Presidential Decision Making Adrift: The Carter Administration and the Mariel Boatlift
1138:
Back Channel to Cuba: The Hidden History of Negotiations between Washington and Havana
1106:
736:
in Haiti, Kozak would coax them into taking action. He also pushed officials with the
513:
1843:
1833:
1804:
1794:
1737:
1709:
1699:
1661:
1651:
1636:
1614:
1581:
1532:
1522:
1488:
1478:
1428:
1381:
1371:
1333:
1323:
1257:
1247:
1218:
1208:
1161:
1151:
922:
700:
696:
680:
596:
502:
449:
2027:
1894:
1691:
1416:
1315:
1111:
1016:
899:
807:
784:
733:
718:
555:
about recourse available to the United States government and U.S. citizens for the
541:
529:
441:
401:
356:
239:
30:
1965:
1643:
854:
780:
617:
484:
480:
445:
367:
129:
2017:
1983:
1239:
That Infernal Little Cuban Republic: The United States and the Cuban Revolution
815:
752:
722:
582:
456:
in 1978–1979, and was a member of the U.S. mediation team that implemented the
413:
307:
283:
182:
141:
1420:
2065:
2034:
884:
537:
528:
over the killing of a former Chilean diplomat in exile in the United States,
202:
194:
1861:
1918:[New awardings of the Belarusian Democratic Republic 100th Jubilee Medal -
930:
756:
744:
279:
227:
170:
117:
1915:
479:
In April 1980, as the State Department determined its policies toward the
1401:
839:
2017 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices at the Department of State
648:
610:
351:
2053:
1945:
934:
903:
656:
476:
issues at the State Department, in its American Republic Affairs unit.
346:
251:
506:
76:
52:
1919:
1200:
Plunging Into Haiti: Clinton, Aristide, and the Defeat of Diplomacy
1847:
1808:
1713:
1665:
1536:
1385:
1261:
1222:
1165:
858:
1492:
1337:
548:
of the 1914 Chile-United States peace treaty, and Chile agreed.
431:
1949:
624:
1107:"Kozak Heading for El Salvador As Part of Diplomatic Shuffle"
634:
1606:
A Diplomat's Journey from the Middle East to Cuba to Africa
792:
775:
519:
473:
97:
Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs
894:
Between October 2012 and May 2013, Kozak served as Acting
864:
Between 2005 and 2009, Kozak was a senior director on the
695:
In March 1993, Kozak was a deputy to U.S. Special Advisor
881:
Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
562:
392:(born September 18, 1946) is an American diplomat in the
896:
Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating Anti-Semitism
1552:
Foreign assistance legislation for fiscal years 1990-91
879:
Between 2009 and 2017, Kozak was senior adviser to the
679:, hosted American media at his house during a visit by
592:
measure that the indictment should not be dropped, and
436:
During the 1970s, Kozak served as a negotiator on the
806:
In November 2002, Kozak spoke before a conference in
1042:"Intelligence Predicts Hussein's Reaction to Attack"
1470:
Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State
623:The next year, Kozak was instrumental in promoting
1974:Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs
1683:
1635:
1355:
1135:
946:Belarusian Democratic Republic 100th Jubilee Medal
1909:
1765:. Vol. 53 (translated ed.). p. 23.
1514:Global Media Perspectives on the Crisis in Panama
1130:
699:on issues related to Haiti and the deposition of
2063:
1854:
1557:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs
1449:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs
1611:Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training
774:In 2001, Kozak and Hans Georg Vik, the head of
675:, led a 100th anniversary commemoration of the
532:, and his American assistant Ronni Moffit in a
408:between 1996 and 1999, and was a nominee to be
162:September 5, 2017 – September 12, 2019
1543:
1354:Scharf, Michael P.; Williams, Paul R. (2010).
1353:
708:Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs
109:September 13, 2019 – January 20, 2021
1750:
1638:Cuba Diaries: An American Housewife in Havana
917:Kozak is of Czech ancestry. He received his
837:Kozak delivers remarks on the release of the
762:
743:In September 1994, Kozak accompanied General
627:as the appropriate organization to train the
432:1970s international negotiation and mediation
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
601:U.S. military eventually invaded the country
551:In October 1985, Kozak testified before the
472:In the 1980s, Kozak was heavily involved in
271:September 15, 2000 – August 8, 2003
2092:Ambassadors of the United States to Belarus
1763:The Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press
1759:""Lukashenko Receives Kozak's Credentials""
1599:
1597:
1444:Overview of international maritime security
1303:
1301:
1299:
1126:
1124:
1122:
828:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
666:
2102:George H. W. Bush administration personnel
1916:НОВЫЯ ЎРУЧЭНЬНІ МЭДАЛЁЎ ДА СТАГОДЗЬДЗЯ БНР
1569:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
29:
2082:University of California, Berkeley alumni
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1403:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
1349:
1347:
1268:
671:In 1996, Kozak, as the new chief of the
639:In April 1991, Kozak was nominated to be
635:U.S. ambassador to El Salvador nomination
406:United States Interests Section in Havana
1594:
1563:
1435:
1307:
1296:
1235:
1196:
1119:
1077:
1035:
1033:
891:” that respected freedom of expression.
872:on democracy and human rights since the
870:National Security Presidential Directive
832:
740:to move against human rights violators.
520:Legal recourse against terrorism attacks
1786:Belarus: The Last European Dictatorship
1756:
1633:
1627:
1510:
1229:
1175:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
845:in Washington, D.C., on April 20, 2018.
588:After word leaked, the Senate passed a
219:October 5, 2012 – May 20, 2013
2064:
2039:Monitoring and Combating anti-Semitism
1868:United States House of Representatives
1782:
1769:
1720:
1681:
1675:
1499:
1466:
1455:
1344:
1244:The University of North Carolina Press
1144:The University of North Carolina Press
1039:
563:Panama and Noriega and Central America
509:to avoid attention) with Cuba's Vice
207:Monitoring and Combating anti-Semitism
1821:
1815:
1030:
853:on the human rights situation in the
1877:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1054:
1040:Pincus, Walter (December 26, 2002).
851:House Committee on Government Reform
849:In 2004, Kozak testified before the
2008:United States Ambassador to Belarus
1885:"Reports of anti-Semitism increase"
1395:
259:United States Ambassador to Belarus
13:
927:University of California, Berkeley
553:House Committee on Foreign Affairs
426:
150:Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
14:
2133:
1941:United States Department of State
1929:
1290:United States Department of State
1092:
1086:United States Department of State
996:United States Department of State
883:, where he worked to negotiate a
394:United States Department of State
2107:Clinton administration personnel
2087:UC Berkeley School of Law alumni
1890:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
673:U.S. Interests Section in Havana
569:Bureau of Inter-American Affairs
2097:Reagan administration personnel
1922:official website, 26 March 2019
1734:U.S. Government Printing Office
1570:Shultz Jr., Richard H. (1993).
1205:University Press of Mississippi
970:The American Presidency Project
821:
738:United Nations Mission in Haiti
2117:Trump administration personnel
2112:Obama administration personnel
1871:Committee on Government Reform
1009:
984:
958:
855:Indian-Pakistani disputed area
685:Cuban Ministry of the Interior
641:U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador
557:Achille Lauro terrorist attack
505:hotel (while registered under
410:U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador
1:
2122:Combating antisemitism envoys
1559:. 1989. pp. iii, 6, 276.
1408:International Legal Materials
951:
812:American Enterprise Institute
783:for the incumbent president,
706:. He was invited by the new
661:Contra situation in Nicaragua
460:and sought a solution to the
1207:. pp. 60–61, 173, 179.
7:
2035:United States Special Envoy
1830:Brookings Institution Press
1308:Engstrom, David W. (1997).
992:"Michael G. Kozak (1946– )"
912:
801:central election commission
677:sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
496:Office of the Legal Advisor
203:United States Special Envoy
148:Senior Bureau Official for
10:
2138:
1873:. 2004. pp. 9, 13–18.
1822:Grand, Stephen R. (2014).
1757:Yefanov, Vladimir (2001).
1477:. pp. PT1399–PT1407.
1467:Shultz, George P. (1993).
1364:Cambridge University Press
1134:; Kornbluh, Peter (2014).
763:U.S. ambassador to Belarus
683:, and interfaced with the
400:between 2000 and 2003 and
398:U.S. Ambassador to Belarus
2050:
2032:
2024:
2014:
2005:
1997:
1980:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1634:Tattlin, Isadora (2002).
1421:10.1017/S0020782900018404
866:National Security Council
629:Panamanian Defense Forces
458:Egypt-Israel peace treaty
383:
375:
345:
322:
317:
313:
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289:
275:
264:
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245:
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155:
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135:
123:
113:
102:
94:
82:
72:
60:
49:
41:
37:
28:
21:
1320:Rowman & Littlefield
1197:Pezzullo, Ralph (2006).
944:He has been awarded the
843:U.S. Department of State
755:that had taken control,
690:
667:Chief of Mission in Cuba
421:Senior Executive Service
1783:Wilson, Andrew (2011).
1682:Powell, Colin (2003) .
1613:. 2014. p. PT106.
1475:Charles Scribner's Sons
1236:Schoultz, Lars (2009).
889:Defamation of Religions
467:
363:Boalt Hall, UC Berkeley
44:Global Criminal Justice
1736:. 2001. p. 1284.
1322:. pp. 65–66, 90.
846:
704:Jean-Bertrand Aristide
1791:Yale University Press
1132:LeoGrande, William M.
939:California Law Review
874:Carter administration
836:
787:, and a crackdown on
749:Port-au-Prince, Haiti
732:During meetings with
438:Panama Canal Treaties
1793:. pp. 194–195.
1578:Air University Press
1292:. November 23, 2004.
769:Alexander Lukashenko
715:Wang word processors
580:Panamanian President
454:Nicaraguan civil war
339:Pasadena, California
42:Senior Official for
2001:Daniel V. Speckhard
1686:My American Journey
1287:"Kozak, Michael G."
1083:"Kozak, Michael G."
1047:The Washington Post
929:, in 1968, and his
810:, sponsored by the
797:political activists
590:Sense of the Senate
296:Daniel V. Speckhard
1832:. pp. 58–59.
1620:978--1-4990-4821-6
1580:. pp. 48–49.
1521:. pp. 21–22.
1519:Ashgate Publishing
1017:"Michael G. Kozak"
847:
789:election observers
759:, to leave power.
608:Secretary of State
546:arbitration clause
526:Chilean government
462:Lebanese Civil War
379:Attorney, diplomat
333:September 18, 1946
2060:
2059:
2051:Succeeded by
2015:Succeeded by
1993:
1981:Succeeded by
1958:Diplomatic posts
1839:978-0-8157-2516-9
1800:978-0-300-13435-3
1528:978-1-4094-2949-4
1484:978-0-684-80332-6
1377:978-0-521-16770-3
1253:978-0-8078-3260-8
1157:978-1-4696-1764-0
1115:. April 29, 1991.
923:political science
919:bachelor's degree
734:cabinet ministers
701:Haitian president
697:Lawrence Pezzullo
597:George H. W. Bush
503:midtown Manhattan
387:
386:
371:
360:
16:American diplomat
2129:
2028:Hannah Rosenthal
2025:Preceded by
1998:Preceded by
1987:
1963:Preceded by
1955:
1954:
1923:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1895:Associated Press
1881:
1875:
1874:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1692:Ballantine Books
1689:
1679:
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1641:
1631:
1625:
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1452:
1439:
1433:
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1392:
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1351:
1342:
1341:
1316:Lanham, Maryland
1305:
1294:
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1266:
1265:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1194:
1173:
1172:
1141:
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1117:
1116:
1112:Associated Press
1103:
1090:
1089:
1079:
1052:
1051:
1037:
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1027:
1025:
1023:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
972:. 2 October 1991
962:
900:Hannah Rosenthal
808:Washington, D.C.
785:economic priming
719:Haitian military
711:Alexander Watson
542:Washington, D.C.
534:1976 car bombing
530:Orlando Letelier
511:Foreign Minister
416:to leave power.
402:chief of mission
390:Michael G. Kozak
365:
354:
336:
332:
330:
318:Personal details
304:
292:
269:
248:
240:Hannah Rosenthal
236:
217:
191:
179:
160:
138:
126:
107:
85:
68:January 20, 2021
65:
33:
19:
18:
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2126:
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2056:
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2020:
2011:
2003:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1966:Kimberly Breier
1932:
1927:
1926:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
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1770:
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1721:
1706:
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1644:Algonquin Books
1632:
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1352:
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1306:
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1284:
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1254:
1246:. p. 420.
1234:
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985:
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963:
959:
954:
915:
824:
781:ballot stuffing
765:
747:on a flight to
727:the White House
693:
669:
637:
618:Bernard Aronson
565:
522:
514:Ricardo Alarcón
485:Cuban Americans
481:Mariel boatlift
470:
434:
429:
427:Diplomatic work
361:
337:
334:
328:
326:
302:
290:
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270:
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649:Jesse Helms
611:James Baker
440:during the
352:UC Berkeley
291:Preceded by
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952:References
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933:degree at
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898:, between
657:Chris Dodd
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