351:
650:
42:
249:
1829:
325:(1947), which affirms the Mesolithic, sufficient data had been collected to determine that a transitional period between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic was indeed a useful concept. However, the terms "Mesolithic" and "Epipalaeolithic" remain in competition, with varying conventions of usage. In the archaeology of Northern Europe, for example for archaeological sites in Great Britain, Germany, Scandinavia, Ukraine, and Russia, the term "Mesolithic" is almost always used. In the archaeology of other areas, the term "Epipaleolithic" may be preferred by most authors, or there may be divergences between authors over which term to use or what meaning to assign to each. In the New World, neither term is used (except provisionally in the Arctic).
589:
753:
634:
367:
1321:
277:
3279:
336:. Other authors use "Mesolithic" as a generic term for hunter-gatherer cultures after the Last Glacial Maximum, whether they are transitional towards agriculture or not. In addition, terminology appears to differ between archaeological sub-disciplines, with "Mesolithic" being widely used in European archaeology, while "Epipalaeolithic" is more common in Near Eastern archaeology.
519:, which probably spreads across from the Upper Paleolithic, is a widespread phenomenon, much less well known than the cave-paintings of the Upper Paleolithic, with which it makes an interesting contrast. The sites are now mostly cliff faces in the open air, and the subjects are now mostly human rather than animal, with large groups of small figures; there are 45 figures at
499:". For hunter-gatherer communities, long-term close contact and integration in existing farming communities facilitated the adoption of a farming lifestyle. The integration of these hunter-gatherer in farming communities was made possible by their socially open character towards new members. In north-Eastern Europe, the hunting and fishing lifestyle continued into the
441:), while the Paleolithic had utilized Modes IâIV. In some areas, however, such as Ireland, parts of Portugal, the Isle of Man and the Tyrrhenian Islands, a macrolithic technology was used in the Mesolithic. In the Neolithic, the microlithic technology was replaced by a macrolithic technology, with an increased use of polished stone tools such as stone axes.
3228:). The early onset of the Mesolithic in Central Asia and its importance for later European mesolithic cultures was understood only after 2015, with the radiocarbon dating of the Shigor idol to 11,500 years old. N.E. Zaretskaya et al., "Radiocarbon chronology of the Shigir and Gorbunovo archaeological bog sites, Middle Urals, Russia",
3115:). The early onset of the Mesolithic in Central Asia and its importance for later European mesolithic cultures was understood only after 2015, with the radiocarbon dating of the Shigor idol to 11,500 years old. N.E. Zaretskaya et al., "Radiocarbon chronology of the Shigir and Gorbunovo archaeological bog sites, Middle Urals, Russia",
3249:
in the interior of the Indian subcontinent retained a mesolithic culture into the modern period, and there is no consistent usage of the term. The range 12,000â4,000 BP is based on the combination of the ranges given by
Agrawal et al. (1978) and by Sen (1999), and overlaps with the early Neolithic at
486:
and pottery) spread into Europe, the
Mesolithic way of life was marginalized and eventually disappeared. Mesolithic adaptations such as sedentism, population size and use of plant foods are cited as evidence of the transition to agriculture. Other Mesolithic communities rejected the Neolithic package
417:
ended have a much more apparent
Mesolithic era, lasting millennia. In northern Europe, for example, societies were able to live well on rich food supplies from the marshlands created by the warmer climate. Such conditions produced distinctive human behaviors that are preserved in the material record,
2746:
MartĂnez-Sevilla, Francisco; Herrero-Otal, Maria; MartĂn-Seijo, MarĂa; Santana, Jonathan; Lozano RodrĂguez, JosĂ© A.; Maicas Ramos, Ruth; Cubas, Miriam; Homs, Anna; MartĂnez SĂĄnchez, Rafael M.; Bertin, Ingrid; Barroso
Bermejo, Rosa; Bueno RamĂrez, Primitiva; de BalbĂn Behrmann, Rodrigo; Palomo PĂ©rez,
712:
to 5,850 BP. Russian archaeologists prefer to describe such pottery-making cultures as
Neolithic, even though farming is absent. This pottery-making Mesolithic culture can be found peripheral to the sedentary Neolithic cultures. It created a distinctive type of pottery, with point or knob base and
1848:, and can be mostly regarded as happily naturalized, Mesolithic was introduced later, mostly after 1945, and does not appear to be a necessary or useful term in the context of China. Chinese sites that have been regarded as Mesolithic are better considered as "Early Neolithic".
588:
328:"Epipaleolithic" is sometimes also used alongside "Mesolithic" for the final end of the Upper Paleolithic immediately followed by the Mesolithic. As "Mesolithic" suggests an intermediate period, followed by the Neolithic, some authors prefer the term "Epipaleolithic" for
713:
flared rims, manufactured by methods not used by the
Neolithic farmers. Though each area of Mesolithic ceramic developed an individual style, common features suggest a single point of origin. The earliest manifestation of this type of pottery may be in the region around
2352:
Jensen, Theis Z. T.; Niemann, Jonas; Iversen, Katrine HĂžjholt; Fotakis, Anna K.; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; VĂ„gene, Ă
shild J.; Pedersen, Mikkel
Winther; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Ellegaard, Martin R.; Allentoft, Morten E.; Lanigan, Liam T. (17 December 2019).
474:
An ancient chewed gum made from the pitch of birch bark revealed that a woman enjoyed a meal of hazelnuts and duck about 5,700 years ago in southern
Denmark. Mesolithic people influenced Europe's forests by bringing favored plants like hazel with them.
523:. Clothing is shown, and scenes of dancing, fighting, hunting and food-gathering. The figures are much smaller than the animals of Paleolithic art, and depicted much more schematically, though often in energetic poses. A few small engraved
775:. The carbon 14 datation was established by carefully dating surrounding sediments. Many of the pottery fragments had scorch marks, suggesting that the pottery was used for cooking. These early pottery containers were made well before the
2821:
Anthony, D.W. (2007). "Pontic-Caspian
Mesolithic and Early Neolithic societies at the time of the Black Sea Flood: a small audience and small effects". In Yanko-Hombach, V.; Gilbert, A.A.; Panin, N.; Dolukhanov, P.M. (eds.).
633:
230:. The more permanent settlements tend to be close to the sea or inland waters offering a good supply of food. Mesolithic societies are not seen as very complex, and burials are fairly simple; in contrast, grandiose
770:
journal, announced that the earliest pottery yet known anywhere in the world was found in
Xianrendong cave in China, dating by radiocarbon to between 20,000 and 19,000 years before present, at the end of the
3258:, Volume 7, Issue 1, January 1978, 37â44: "A total time bracket of c. 6,000â2,000 B.C. will cover the dated Mesolithic sites, e.g. Langhnaj, Bagor, Bhimbetka, Adamgarh, Lekhahia, etc." (p. 38). S.N. Sen,
581:
have been discovered at Star Carr. These are red deer skulls modified to be worn by humans. Modified frontlets have also been discovered at Bedburg-Königshoven, Hohen Viecheln, Plau, and Berlin-Biesdorf.
217:
way of life, and the development of more sophisticated and typically smaller lithic tools and weapons than the heavy-chipped equivalents typical of the Paleolithic. Depending on the region, some use of
649:
495:, it seems that the descendants of Mesolithic people maintained a foraging lifestyle for more than 2000 years after the arrival of farming societies in the area; such societies may be called "
292:
in 1865. The additional "Mesolithic" category was added as an intermediate category by Hodder Westropp in 1866. Westropp's suggestion was immediately controversial. A British school led by
314:
offered an alternative in the "Epipaleolithic", suggesting a final phase of the Paleolithic rather than an intermediate age in its own right inserted between the Paleolithic and Neolithic.
3066:
3007:
Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Arpin, Trina; Pan, Yan; Cohen, David; Goldberg, Paul; Zhang, Chi; Wu, Xiaohong (29 June 2012). "Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China".
2926:
350:
213:
The type of culture associated with the Mesolithic varies between areas, but it is associated with a decline in the group hunting of large animals in favour of a broader
2696:
Martin Street; Markus Wil (2015). "Technological aspects of two Mesolithic red deer 'antler frontlets' from the German Rhineland". In N. Ashton; C. Harris (eds.).
332:
cultures who are not succeeded by agricultural traditions, reserving "Mesolithic" for cultures who are clearly succeeded by the Neolithic Revolution, such as the
1130:
2540:
1999:
1504:
675:
Weaving techniques were deployed to create shoes and baskets, the latter being of fine construction and decorated with dyes. Examples have been found in
488:
4672:
2949:
Wu, X; Zhang, C; Goldberg, P; Cohen, D; Pan, Y; Arpin, T; Bar-Yosef, O (29 June 2012). "Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China".
2420:
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likely as a result of ideological reluctance, different worldviews and an active rejection of the sedentary-farming lifestyle. In one sample from the
3311:
5069:
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carved with geometric motifs, but topped with a human head. Now in fragments, it would apparently have been over 5 metres tall when made. The
5025:
4534:
223:
516:
4857:
4308:
2310:
The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland
1123:
248:
41:
515:
Compared to the preceding Upper Paleolithic and the following Neolithic, there is rather less surviving art from the Mesolithic. The
2539:
Bollongino, R.; Nehlich, O.; Richards, M. P.; Orschiedt, J.; Thomas, M. G.; Sell, C.; Fajkosova, Z.; Powell, A.; Burger, J. (2013).
2749:"The earliest basketry in southern Europe: Hunter-gatherer and farmer plant-based technology in Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol)"
1327:
existed from around 4200 BC to around 2000 BC. The bearers of the culture are thought to have still mostly followed the Mesolithic
370:
Two skeletons of women aged between 25 and 35 years, dated between 6740 and 5680 BP, both of whom died a violent death. Found at
296:
denied any need for an intermediate: the ages blended together like the colors of a rainbow, he said. A European school led by
3133:
3246:
3092:
2711:
Morgan, C.; Scholma-Mason, N. (2017). "Animated GIFs as Expressive Visual Narratives and Expository Devices in Archaeology".
2248:
1116:
3304:
1307:
507:
no Mesolithic period may be accepted, with the locally preferred "Older Stone Age" moving into the "Younger Stone Age".
3166:
2858:
2831:
2616:
2481:
2640:
779:(dated to 10,000 to 8,000 BC), by mobile foragers who hunted and gathered their food during the Late Glacial Maximum.
4435:
3341:
2848:
1828:
345:
17:
3140:
Documenta Praehistorica. PoroÄilo o raziskovanju paleolitika, neolotika in eneolitika v Sloveniji. Neolitske ĆĄtudije
2907:
639:
Animated image showing the sequence of engravings on a pendant excavated from the Mesolithic archaeological site of
4642:
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5054:
4445:
3483:
3297:
2850:
The horse, the wheel, and language : how Bronze-Age riders from the Eurasian steppes shaped the modern world
1539:
285:
226:
may be found in sites allocated to the Mesolithic, but generally indications of agriculture are taken as marking
2587:
3162:
2612:
2447:
2100:
1863:
1234:
1724:
4667:
4197:
3457:
2502:"Mobility and Social Change: Understanding the European Neolithic Period after the Archaeogenetic Revolution"
2266:"The Resettlement of the British Landscape: Towards a chronology of Early Mesolithic lithic assemblage types"
3525:
4662:
4202:
3675:
2115:
1649:
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cultures. Such conditions also delayed the coming of the Neolithic until some 5,500 BP in northern Europe.
3351:
3245:
The term "Mesolithic" is not a useful term for the periodization of the South Asian Stone Age, as certain
243:
3628:
3283:
1859:
1212:
1172:
46:
Reconstruction of a "temporary" Mesolithic house in Ireland; waterside sites offered good food resources.
676:
166:
is often used synonymously, especially for outside northern Europe, and for the corresponding period in
4930:
4731:
2125:
540:
293:
2654:
562:
is a rare survival of what may well have been a very common material for sculpture. It is a plank of
5176:
4736:
4551:
3254:. D.P. Agrawal et al., "Chronology of Indian prehistory from the Mesolithic period to the Iron Age",
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1240:
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608:
195:
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3562:
2085:
1837:
1300:
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167:
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2120:
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1227:
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925:
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132:
995:
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4372:
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4072:
4067:
4005:
3944:
3881:
3829:
3822:
3368:
3259:
3152:
2095:
2055:
1261:
1187:
429:
The type of stone toolkit remains one of the most diagnostic features: the Mesolithic used a
151:
4254:
398:. In other parts of Europe, the Mesolithic begins by 11,500 years ago (the beginning of the
5135:
5086:
5081:
5064:
5059:
5037:
4827:
4541:
4394:
4286:
4190:
3983:
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3016:
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2555:
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1852:
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1324:
1077:
897:
483:
297:
261:
257:
227:
187:
183:
3638:
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1771:
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527:
with suspension holes and simple engraved designs are known, some from northern Europe in
8:
5166:
5125:
4790:
4595:
4428:
3961:
3834:
3715:
3690:
2736:
by Rachel Chaundler, The New York Times 30 September 2023 Science, updated 3 October 2023
2230:
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3572:
3048:
2984:
2579:
2397:
2354:
2237:
2192:
2151:
2105:
1878:
1855:, the Mesolithic, dated roughly between 12,000 and 8,000 BP, remains a concept in use.
1599:
1400:
1246:
1046:
879:
620:
318:
3264:, 1999: "The Mesolithic period roughly ranges between 10,000 and 6,000 B.C." (p. 23).
3220:
Central Asia does not enter the Neolithic, but transitions from the Mesolithic to the
3107:
Central Asia does not enter the Neolithic, but transitions from the Mesolithic to the
5171:
5118:
5108:
5098:
5047:
4704:
4622:
3916:
3901:
3886:
3866:
3757:
3736:
3547:
3390:
3158:
3088:
3040:
3032:
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2951:
2854:
2827:
2794:
2776:
2608:
2583:
2571:
2477:
2402:
2384:
2244:
2197:
2179:
1747:
1627:
1395:
1358:
1207:
1202:
1167:
1155:
1005:
1000:
952:
892:
854:
816:
766:
718:
596:
379:
155:
109:
3196:
3052:
2988:
5113:
5020:
4763:
4546:
4346:
4266:
4222:
4022:
3844:
3695:
3655:
3024:
2968:
2784:
2768:
2716:
2563:
2519:
2509:
2392:
2374:
2287:
2277:
2187:
2171:
1874:
1637:
1543:
1251:
1031:
962:
444:
There is some evidence for the beginning of construction at sites with a ritual or
413:
and 5,500 years ago. Regions that experienced greater environmental effects as the
403:
333:
4605:
4561:
2874:
Gronenborn, Detlef (2007). "Beyond the models: Neolithisation in Central Europe".
366:
4994:
4964:
4726:
4654:
4632:
4590:
4485:
4455:
4320:
4315:
3966:
3849:
3420:
2421:"5,700-Year-Old Lola, Her Genome Sequenced from Gum, Joins Other Named Forebears"
1949:
1844:
While Paleolithic and Neolithic have been found useful terms and concepts in the
1833:
1619:
1550:
1328:
1271:
1038:
990:
967:
907:
733:
of the Eastern Baltic. Spreading westward along the coastline it is found in the
655:
520:
395:
329:
214:
179:
2824:
The Black Sea Flood Question: changes in coastline, climate and human settlement
2326:"Time and a Place: A luni-solar 'time-reckoner' from 8th millennium BC Scotland"
2219:. Uppsala.: Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, Uppsala universitet.
2013:
5103:
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4852:
4817:
4748:
4637:
4509:
4217:
3802:
3792:
3613:
3594:
3225:
3112:
2745:
2514:
2501:
2379:
1930:
1575:
1571:
1417:
1374:
1370:
884:
624:
359:
303:
199:
191:
163:
98:
92:
55:
460:
in Scotland, with pits of post holes of varying sizes, thought to reflect the
256:, characterized by a progressive rise of temperatures, between the end of the
5160:
4989:
4974:
4920:
4898:
4795:
4783:
4699:
4568:
4450:
4411:
4399:
4387:
4099:
4010:
3939:
3680:
3623:
3601:
3510:
3442:
3437:
3415:
3036:
2780:
2388:
2183:
2130:
1982:
1701:
1529:
1487:
1472:
1197:
1192:
1177:
1010:
799:
746:
730:
3530:
3028:
2972:
2631:, Penguin (Pelican, now Yale, History of Art), pp. 87â96, 1968 (nb 1st edn.)
2567:
382:
begins around 15,000 years ago. In Western Europe, the Early Mesolithic, or
4908:
4864:
4845:
4800:
4600:
4524:
4281:
4276:
4232:
3859:
3741:
3705:
3685:
3537:
3515:
3427:
3221:
3108:
3044:
2980:
2798:
2772:
2659:
2575:
2406:
2201:
1942:
1894:
1889:. Some of these paintings were executed by a hunting people who lived in a
1886:
1867:
1669:
1615:
1582:
1410:
1222:
1051:
939:
934:
870:
702:
688:
663:
496:
457:
311:
207:
4957:
3230:
Proceedings of the 6th International Radiocarbon and Archaeology Symposium
3117:
Proceedings of the 6th International Radiocarbon and Archaeology Symposium
2355:"A 5700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome from chewed birch pitch"
4947:
4937:
4893:
4888:
4840:
4778:
4741:
4714:
4615:
4585:
4460:
4382:
4303:
4291:
4052:
4037:
4027:
3998:
3956:
3871:
3839:
3787:
3720:
3557:
3432:
3289:
2680:
1995:
1963:
1885:, and at other locations depict vivid scenes of everyday life in central
1762:
1739:
1716:
1500:
757:
714:
559:
504:
461:
419:
355:
253:
2892:
Detlef Gronenborn, Beyond the models: Neolithisation in Central Europe,
2292:
2264:
Conneller, Chantal; Bayliss, Alex; Milner, Nicky; Taylor, Barry (2016).
5091:
4984:
4942:
4758:
4721:
4684:
4580:
4167:
4079:
3906:
3807:
3780:
3700:
3498:
3452:
3363:
3331:
2524:
1320:
1064:
944:
840:
805:
449:
438:
434:
3178:
2720:
2282:
2265:
2175:
558:
appears to show similar changes after the Paleolithic, and the wooden
4999:
4768:
4753:
4351:
4336:
4261:
4244:
4162:
4047:
3988:
3978:
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3896:
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3663:
3589:
3356:
3346:
2931:
2734:
Hunter-Gatherers Were Making Baskets 9,500 Years Ago, Researchers Say
2641:"11,000 year old pendant is earliest known Mesolithic art in Britain"
1688:
1611:
1283:
920:
847:
640:
616:
544:
532:
479:
453:
445:
202:. The term is less used of areas farther east, and not at all beyond
159:
148:
119:
81:
59:
3085:
Europe's First Monumental Sculpture: New Discoveries at Lepenski Vir
371:
276:
4773:
4709:
4556:
4514:
4249:
4157:
4032:
3854:
3817:
3797:
3251:
2655:"This Eerie, Human-Like Figure Is Twice As Old As Egypt's Pyramids"
2071:
1103:
982:
828:
500:
399:
268:. Evolution of temperature in the Post-Glacial period according to
265:
2538:
2152:"Mapping Post-Glacial expansions: The Peopling of the middle east"
1823:
615:; height: 10.2 cm, width: 6.3 cm; from Ain Sakhri (near
4835:
4627:
4573:
4519:
4341:
4147:
4057:
3911:
3812:
3770:
3633:
3552:
3505:
3493:
1921:
1890:
1684:
1657:
1623:
1512:
1425:
1385:
738:
698:
612:
571:
548:
524:
423:
383:
307:
231:
219:
203:
175:
2229:"final Upper Paleolithic industries occurring at the end of the
174:. The Mesolithic has different time spans in different parts of
4903:
4440:
4418:
4271:
4207:
4152:
3542:
3520:
3488:
3462:
3278:
3182:
2150:
Zalloua, Pierre A.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth (6 January 2017).
1882:
1692:
1661:
1520:
1516:
1463:
1440:
1389:
1094:
694:
182:
cultures in Europe and the Middle East, between the end of the
70:
2541:"2000 Years of Parallel Societies in Stone Age Central Europe"
679:
in Southern Spain that in 2023 were dated to 9,500 years ago.
4969:
4689:
4423:
4377:
4239:
4094:
4042:
3618:
3584:
2030:
2007:
722:
563:
555:
536:
528:
492:
391:
300:
asserted that there was a gap between the earlier and later.
2263:
4915:
4876:
4356:
4212:
4142:
4062:
3934:
3447:
2351:
2233:
which appear to merge technologically into the Mesolithic"
863:
705:
sites, a "ceramic Mesolithic" can be distinguished between
482:
package" (including farming, herding, polished stone axes,
284:
The terms "Paleolithic" and "Neolithic" were introduced by
2217:
Social differentiering i mesolitiska jÀgar-samlarsamhÀllen
4227:
3993:
3951:
2927:"Pottery found in China cave confirmed as world's oldest"
725:
in Russia 9,000 years ago, and from there spread via the
2747:
Antoni; Ălvarez-Valero, Antonio M. (27 September 2023).
2695:
1897:, animals that no longer exist in the now-desert area.
1893:
region teeming with a water-dependent species like the
346:
Prehistoric Europe § Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)
3006:
2681:
Nicky Milner; Chantal Conneller; Barry Taylor (2018).
456:
aligned eastâwest, and a possible "lunar calendar" at
306:
claimed to have filled the gap with his naming of the
503:
period in regions less suited to agriculture, and in
433:â composite devices manufactured with Mode V chipped
2948:
2149:
2710:
2698:
No Stone Unturned. Papers in Honour of Roger Jacobi
2236:
741:and Ellerbek of Northern Germany, and the related
190:. In Europe it spans roughly 15,000 to 5,000
2924:
2313:(Thesis). National University of Ireland, Galway.
5158:
29:Prehistoric period, second part of the Stone Age
3067:"Face of 9,000-Year-Old Teenager Reconstructed"
3142:= Neolithic studies, 26 (1999), pp. 1â13 dLib
2944:
2942:
756:Pottery with re-construction repairs found in
244:Three-age system § Stone Age subdivisions
3305:
2853:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
1813:
1796:
1776:
1729:
1587:
1534:
1301:
1124:
3232:, (E Boaretto and N R Rebollo Franco eds.),
3119:, (E Boaretto and N R Rebollo Franco eds.),
406:of farming, depending on the region between
2939:
2508:. 10.1007/s10814-020-09153-x (4): 481â535.
2062:
2043:
2020:
1954:
1935:
1927:Late Upper Paleolithic to Early Mesolithic
1752:
1706:
1674:
1644:
1606:
1562:
1477:
1453:
1430:
1405:
1365:
517:Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin
3319:
3312:
3298:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2873:
2607:, p. 4, 2008, Cambridge University Press,
2495:
2493:
1308:
1294:
1131:
1117:
40:
3135:The Mesolithic and the Neolithic in China
2788:
2523:
2513:
2396:
2378:
2291:
2281:
2191:
3082:
2445:
2306:
1827:
1319:
760:cave, dating to 20,000â10,000 years ago.
751:
570:from Palestine is a Natufian carving in
386:, begins about 14,000 years ago, in the
365:
349:
275:
252:The Mesolithic begins during the latest
247:
3261:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
3154:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
2995:
2846:
2820:
2499:
2490:
543:is a rare Mesolithic animal carving in
14:
5159:
3157:, p. 23, 1999, New Age International,
2683:STAR CARR Volume 1: a persistent place
2652:
2323:
2214:
1870:, somewhat equates to the Mesolithic.
4483:
4122:
3388:
3293:
2471:
1866:or Meso-Indian period, following the
1824:"Mesolithic" outside of The old world
1355:Southeastern Europe (Greece, Aegean)
682:
4484:
2905:
2476:. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
2234:
1832:Mesolithic stone mortar and pestle,
701:, and certain southern European and
2448:"The Lost Forest Gardens of Europe"
178:. It refers to the final period of
24:
2925:Stanglin, Douglas (29 June 2012).
2896:, vol. 144 (2007), pp. 73â98 (87).
2894:Proceedings of the British Academy
2876:Proceedings of the British Academy
2603:Bailey, Geoff and Spikins, Penny,
2506:Journal of Archaeological Research
25:
5188:
4436:Megalithic architectural elements
3271:
4123:
3277:
648:
632:
587:
198:) roughly 20,000 to 10,000
5055:Evolutionary origin of religion
3239:
3236:Vol 54, No. 3â4, 2012, 783â794.
3214:
3189:
3171:
3145:
3126:
3101:
3076:
3059:
2918:
2906:Huan, Anthony (13 April 2019).
2899:
2886:
2867:
2840:
2814:
2805:
2739:
2727:
2704:
2689:
2674:
2653:Geggel, Laura (25 April 2018).
2646:
2634:
2621:
2597:
2532:
2465:
1596:Western Europe (Great Britain)
3123:Vol 54, No. 3â4, 2012, 783â94.
2826:. Springer. pp. 245â370.
2685:. White Rose University Press.
2446:Paschall, Max (22 July 2020).
2439:
2413:
2345:
2317:
2300:
2257:
2223:
2208:
2143:
2101:List of Mesolithic settlements
1235:Mesolithic Southeastern Europe
717:in Siberia. It appears in the
237:
13:
1:
4668:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
4198:British megalith architecture
3224:in the fourth millennium BC (
3111:in the fourth millennium BC (
2239:The Penguin archaeology guide
2136:
2091:History of archery#Prehistory
1785:Western Europe (Netherlands)
706:
601:
465:
407:
234:are a mark of the Neolithic.
228:transition into the Neolithic
4663:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
4203:Nordic megalith architecture
3083:Srejovic, Dragoslav (1972).
2472:Price, Douglas, ed. (2000).
2116:Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherer
1683:Central and Eastern Europe (
464:. Both are dated to before
452:, with a short row of large
7:
2079:
1860:archaeology of the Americas
1725:NĂžstvet and Lihult cultures
1213:Epipaleolithic Transylvania
782:
10:
5193:
4811:British Isles and Brittany
4732:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
3256:Journal of Human Evolution
2908:"Ancient China: Neolithic"
2847:Anthony, David W. (2010).
2515:10.1007/s10814-020-09153-x
2380:10.1038/s41467-019-13549-9
2307:Driscoll, Killian (2006).
2126:Anatolian hunter-gatherers
1805:Western Europe (Portugal)
764:A 2012 publication in the
686:
670:
343:
241:
194:; in the Middle East (the
5013:
4826:
4653:
4500:
4496:
4479:
4365:
4329:
4178:
4135:
4131:
4118:
3925:
3756:
3729:
3654:
3580:
3571:
3476:
3401:
3397:
3389:
3384:
3327:
2629:Prehistoric Art in Europe
2243:. London: Penguin Books.
1634:Western Europe (Ireland)
1241:Epipalaeolithic Near East
609:Epipalaeolithic Near East
471:(the 8th millennium BC).
339:
196:Epipalaeolithic Near East
115:
105:
87:
76:
66:
51:
39:
2912:National Museum of China
2500:Furholt, Martin (2021).
2324:V. Gaffney; et al.
2235:Bahn, Paul, ed. (2002).
2086:Caucasus hunter-gatherer
1838:Epipaleolithic Near East
777:invention of agriculture
677:Cueva de los Murciélagos
448:significance, including
402:), and it ends with the
388:Franco-Cantabrian region
5043:Evolutionary musicology
4446:Oldest extant buildings
4373:Archaeological features
3892:Prepared-core technique
3029:10.1126/science.1218643
2973:10.1126/science.1218643
2568:10.1126/science.1245049
2452:Shelterwood Forest Farm
2121:Western Hunter-Gatherer
2111:Eastern Hunter-Gatherer
2068:Bhimbetka rock shelters
1449:Fosna-Hensbacka culture
1228:Schela Cladovei culture
1218:Mesolithic Transylvania
1173:FosnaâHensbacka culture
541:Elk's Head of Huittinen
358:, from the east of the
5005:Unchambered long cairn
4853:Mound Builders culture
4186:Neolithic architecture
3321:Prehistoric technology
2811:De Roevers, pp. 162â63
2773:10.1126/sciadv.adi3055
2474:Europe's first farmers
2037:Jeulmun pottery period
1931:Iberomaurusian culture
1875:Saharan rock paintings
1841:
1332:
1060:Post-classical history
926:Cradle of civilization
761:
727:Dnieper-Donets culture
510:
431:microlithic technology
375:
363:
281:
273:
91:20,000 to 10,000
4680:List of Stone Age art
3882:Microblade technology
3830:Langdale axe industry
3428:Ard / plough
3087:. Thames and Hudson.
2359:Nature Communications
2096:List of Stone Age art
2056:South Asian Stone Age
1831:
1511:Northeastern Europe (
1323:
1262:Trialetian Mesolithic
1188:Iron Gates Mesolithic
755:
369:
353:
344:Further information:
279:
251:
152:archaeological period
5087:Prehistoric medicine
5082:Prehistoric counting
5065:Prehistoric religion
5060:Paleolithic religion
5038:Behavioral modernity
4395:Causewayed enclosure
4287:Abri de la Madeleine
3411:Neolithic Revolution
3286:at Wikimedia Commons
3197:"Africa-Paleolithic"
3151:Sailendra Nath Sen,
2713:Internet Archaeology
2643:, University of York
2331:Internet Archaeology
2270:Internet Archaeology
1853:archaeology of India
1846:archaeology of China
1670:Tardenoisian culture
1583:Sauveterrian culture
1325:Comb Ceramic culture
898:Behavioral modernity
554:The rock art in the
298:Gabriel de Mortillet
280:Mesolithic artifacts
262:Neolithic Revolution
258:Last Glacial Maximum
188:Neolithic Revolution
184:Last Glacial Maximum
5126:Prehistoric warfare
3872:Magdalenian culture
3835:Levallois technique
3766:Earliest toolmaking
3071:National Geographic
3021:2012Sci...336.1696W
3015:(6089): 1696â1700.
2965:2012Sci...336.1696W
2959:(6089): 1696â1700.
2765:2023SciA....9I3055M
2700:. pp. 209â219.
2627:Sandars, Nancy K.,
2560:2013Sci...342..479B
2371:2019NatCo..10.5520J
2215:Linder, F. (1997).
2168:2017NatSR...740338P
2052:South Asia (India)
1903:Geographical range
1558:Maglemosian culture
1382:Southeastern Europe
1338:Geographical range
1183:Maglemosian culture
1164:Mesolithic cultures
977:Bronze Age collapse
773:Last Glacial Period
743:Swifterbant culture
568:Ain Sakhri figurine
415:last glacial period
270:Greenland ice cores
36:
5077:Origin of language
5070:Spiritual drug use
4980:Rectangular dolmen
4882:Dartmoor kistvaens
4695:Carved stone balls
4407:Circular enclosure
4366:Other architecture
4309:Alp pile dwellings
3897:Solutrean industry
3808:Gravettian culture
3458:Secondary products
3073:, 19 January 2018.
2427:. 19 December 2019
2156:Scientific Reports
2106:Mammoth extinction
2000:Vtoraya Beregovaya
1842:
1840:. 22,000â18,000 BP
1600:British Mesolithic
1526:Middle Mesolithic
1505:Vtoraya Beregovaya
1401:Iron Gates culture
1333:
1247:Levantine corridor
880:Middle Paleolithic
762:
683:Ceramic Mesolithic
660:The Dance of Cogul
376:
364:
323:The Dawn of Europe
319:Vere Gordon Childe
290:Pre-historic Times
282:
274:
139:'middle' + λίΞοÏ,
97:15,000â5,000
67:Geographical range
34:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5099:Prehistoric music
5048:music archaeology
4705:Cup and ring mark
4530:Clothing/textiles
4475:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
3917:Yubetsu technique
3902:Striking platform
3867:Lithic technology
3752:
3751:
3737:Game drive system
3656:Projectile points
3548:Mortar and pestle
3282:Media related to
3179:"Tassili n'Ajjer"
3094:978-0-500-39009-2
2721:10.11141/ia.44.11
2605:Mesolithic Europe
2283:10.11141/ia.42.12
2250:978-0-14-051448-3
2176:10.1038/srep40338
2077:
2076:
1970:Kenya Mesolithic
1821:
1820:
1761:Northern Europe (
1748:Kongemose culture
1738:Northern Europe (
1715:Northern Europe (
1519:and northwestern
1469:Early Mesolithic
1462:Northern Europe (
1439:Northern Europe (
1422:Early Mesolithic
1396:Balkan Mesolithic
1359:Balkan Mesolithic
1318:
1317:
1208:Swiderian culture
1203:Komornica culture
1168:Mesolithic Europe
1156:Upper Paleolithic
1141:
1140:
893:Upper Paleolithic
855:Lower Paleolithic
735:ErtebĂžlle culture
719:Yelshanka culture
693:In North-Eastern
597:Ain Sakhri lovers
484:timber longhouses
380:Balkan Mesolithic
374:, France in 1938.
156:Upper Paleolithic
125:
124:
110:Upper Paleolithic
52:Alternative names
18:Mesolithic period
16:(Redirected from
5184:
5177:1860s neologisms
5114:Divje Babe flute
5021:Archaeoastronomy
4764:Petrosomatoglyph
4498:
4497:
4481:
4480:
4330:Water management
4133:
4132:
4120:
4119:
4023:Denticulate tool
3845:Lithic reduction
3578:
3577:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3291:
3290:
3281:
3265:
3243:
3237:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3175:
3169:
3149:
3143:
3130:
3124:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3080:
3074:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3004:
2993:
2992:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2903:
2897:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2759:(39): eadi3055.
2753:Science Advances
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2586:. Archived from
2554:(6157): 479â81.
2545:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2517:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2382:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2285:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2242:
2231:final glaciation
2227:
2221:
2220:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2147:
2064:
2045:
2022:
1992:12,000â5,000 BP
1956:
1937:
1936:24,000â10,000 BP
1900:
1899:
1815:
1808:Late Mesolithic
1798:
1788:Late Mesolithic
1778:
1768:Late Mesolithic
1754:
1731:
1708:
1698:Late Mesolithic
1676:
1656:Western Europe (
1646:
1638:Irish Mesolithic
1608:
1589:
1564:
1544:Pulli settlement
1536:
1497:12,000â5,000 BP
1479:
1478:12,000â10,000 BP
1455:
1454:12,000â10,500 BP
1432:
1431:14,000â10,000 BP
1407:
1367:
1335:
1334:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1143:
1142:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1047:Earliest records
1032:Recorded history
833:
832:
826:
815:
808:
787:
786:
711:
708:
652:
636:
606:
603:
591:
579:antler frontlets
470:
467:
412:
409:
334:Natufian culture
145:Middle Stone Age
44:
37:
33:
21:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5142:
5009:
4995:Stone box grave
4965:Megalithic tomb
4870:Cotswold-Severn
4822:
4727:Guardian stones
4655:Prehistoric art
4649:
4492:
4467:
4456:Timber trackway
4361:
4325:
4321:Wattle and daub
4174:
4153:Standing stones
4127:
4106:
3921:
3748:
3725:
3650:
3567:
3477:Food processing
3472:
3421:New World crops
3393:
3380:
3323:
3318:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3244:
3240:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3150:
3146:
3131:
3127:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3081:
3077:
3065:Sarah Gibbens,
3064:
3060:
3005:
2996:
2947:
2940:
2923:
2919:
2904:
2900:
2891:
2887:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2709:
2705:
2694:
2690:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2651:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2622:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2322:
2318:
2305:
2301:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2228:
2224:
2213:
2209:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2082:
2063:12,000â4,000 BP
2044:10,000â3,500 BP
2021:16,000â2,350 BP
1973:8,200â7,400 BP
1955:12,000â8,000 BP
1950:Capsian culture
1912:Temporal range
1879:Tassili n'Ajjer
1834:Kebaran culture
1826:
1675:10,000â5,000 BP
1645:11,000â5,500 BP
1588:10,500â8,500 BP
1563:11,000â8,000 BP
1551:Northern Europe
1535:10,500â7,000 BP
1406:13,000â5,000 BP
1366:15,000â7,000 BP
1347:Temporal range
1329:hunter-gatherer
1314:
1277:
1276:
1272:Zarzian culture
1165:
1137:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1056:
1039:Ancient history
1034:
1024:
1023:
1020:
972:
917:
908:Epipalaeolithic
876:
843:
824:
823:
822:
813:
803:
802:
785:
709:
691:
685:
673:
666:
656:Roca dels Moros
653:
644:
637:
628:
605: 9000 BCE
604:
592:
531:, and one from
521:Roca dels Moros
513:
469: 9,000 BP
468:
410:
396:Southern France
348:
342:
330:hunter-gatherer
317:By the time of
246:
240:
215:hunter-gatherer
180:hunter-gatherer
96:
47:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5190:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5128:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5104:Alligator drum
5096:
5095:
5094:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5031:lunar calendar
5028:
5017:
5015:
5014:Other cultural
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4918:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4832:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4818:Venus figurine
4815:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4749:Megalithic art
4746:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4707:
4702:
4700:Cave paintings
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4583:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4502:Material goods
4494:
4493:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4225:
4220:
4218:Cliff dwelling
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4129:
4128:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:Fire hardening
3800:
3795:
3793:Clovis culture
3790:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3762:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3716:Manis Mastodon
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3595:throwing stick
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3407:
3405:
3395:
3394:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3273:
3272:External links
3270:
3267:
3266:
3238:
3213:
3188:
3170:
3167:978-8122411980
3144:
3125:
3100:
3093:
3075:
3058:
2994:
2938:
2917:
2898:
2885:
2866:
2860:978-0691148182
2859:
2839:
2833:978-9402404654
2832:
2813:
2804:
2738:
2726:
2703:
2688:
2673:
2645:
2633:
2620:
2617:978-0521855037
2596:
2593:on 5 May 2020.
2531:
2489:
2483:978-0521665728
2482:
2464:
2438:
2412:
2344:
2316:
2299:
2256:
2249:
2222:
2207:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2014:JĆmon cultures
2011:
2003:
2002:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1981:Central Asia (
1978:
1977:
1976:Gamble's cave
1974:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1920:North Africa (
1917:
1916:
1915:Notable sites
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:Periodization
1904:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:7,600â5,500 BP
1811:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:7,300â5,400 BP
1794:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:7,300â5,900 BP
1774:
1769:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:8,000â7,200 BP
1750:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:8,200â5,200 BP
1727:
1722:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:9,000â5,000 BP
1704:
1699:
1696:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:Aveline's Hole
1609:
1607:11,000â6000 BP
1604:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1576:Central Europe
1568:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1486:Central Asia (
1483:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1418:Western Europe
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1378:
1377:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1350:Notable sites
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:Periodization
1339:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1104:Holocene epoch
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1065:Modern history
1062:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1006:Southeast Asia
1003:
998:
993:
987:
985:
980:
973:
971:
970:
965:
960:
955:
949:
947:
942:
937:
931:
930:
929:
928:
923:
916:
915:
910:
904:
902:
901:
900:
895:
890:
882:
877:
875:
874:
867:
859:
857:
850:
844:
839:
838:
835:
834:
829:Pliocene epoch
810:
809:
796:
795:
784:
781:
684:
681:
672:
669:
668:
667:
654:
647:
645:
638:
631:
629:
625:British Museum
593:
586:
577:A total of 33
535:in Britain in
512:
509:
360:Ural mountains
341:
338:
304:Edouard Piette
242:Main article:
239:
236:
164:Epipaleolithic
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
89:
85:
84:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
56:Epipaleolithic
53:
49:
48:
45:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5189:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4990:Simple dolmen
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4975:Passage grave
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4921:Gallery grave
4919:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4836:Burial mounds
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4796:Statue menhir
4794:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4784:Stone carving
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:Sewing needle
4621:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Timber circle
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4400:Tor enclosure
4398:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4388:fulacht fiadh
4386:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3624:spear-thrower
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3602:Bow and arrow
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3511:Grinding slab
3509:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3443:Domestication
3441:
3439:
3438:Digging stick
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Founder crops
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3357:New Stone Age
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:metmuseum.org
3223:
3217:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3138:(PDF), 1999,
3137:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:metmuseum.org
3110:
3104:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2862:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2677:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2226:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2131:Younger Dryas
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
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2073:
2069:
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2059:
2057:
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2047:
2042:
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2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
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1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
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1948:
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1940:
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1733:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1702:Neman culture
1700:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1673:
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1668:
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1559:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1530:Kunda culture
1528:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1473:Komsa culture
1471:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1434:
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1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
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1412:
1409:
1404:
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1357:
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1330:
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1322:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1292:
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1289:
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1285:
1281:
1280:
1273:
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1268:
1263:
1260:
1259:
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1253:
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1245:
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1243:
1242:
1236:
1233:
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1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Narva culture
1196:
1194:
1193:Kunda culture
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:Komsa culture
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1144:
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1129:
1127:
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1120:
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1111:
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986:
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979:
978:
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948:
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927:
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905:
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868:
866:
865:
861:
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853:
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851:
849:
846:
845:
842:
837:
836:
830:
821:
820:
812:
811:
807:
801:
800:Human history
798:
797:
793:
789:
788:
780:
778:
774:
769:
768:
759:
754:
750:
748:
747:Low Countries
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:Narva culture
728:
724:
720:
716:
704:
703:North African
700:
696:
690:
680:
678:
665:
662:, tracing by
661:
657:
651:
646:
642:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
599:
598:
590:
585:
584:
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580:
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573:
569:
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561:
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552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
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530:
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518:
508:
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451:
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397:
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389:
385:
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368:
361:
357:
352:
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337:
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331:
326:
324:
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315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
278:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
245:
235:
233:
232:burial mounds
229:
225:
221:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
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157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
100:
95:(Middle East)
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
32:
27:
19:
4931:wedge-shaped
4916:Funeral pyre
4909:Great dolmen
4865:Chamber tomb
4846:Round barrow
4801:Stone circle
4673:Blombos Cave
4601:Grooved ware
4525:Chalcolithic
4429:Thornborough
4347:Flush toilet
4282:Blombos Cave
4277:Rock shelter
4233:Quiggly hole
4125:Architecture
4100:illustration
3742:Buffalo jump
3563:Storage pits
3526:AĆıklı HöyĂŒk
3516:Ground stone
3352:Subdivisions
3260:
3255:
3241:
3233:
3229:
3222:Chalcolithic
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3200:
3191:
3173:
3153:
3147:
3139:
3134:
3132:Zhang, Chi,
3128:
3120:
3116:
3109:Chalcolithic
3103:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3061:
3012:
3008:
2956:
2950:
2930:
2920:
2911:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2849:
2842:
2823:
2816:
2807:
2756:
2752:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2712:
2706:
2697:
2691:
2682:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:Live Science
2658:
2648:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2604:
2599:
2588:the original
2551:
2547:
2534:
2505:
2473:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2451:
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2424:
2415:
2362:
2358:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2329:
2319:
2309:
2302:
2293:10034/621138
2273:
2269:
2259:
2238:
2225:
2216:
2210:
2159:
2155:
2145:
1983:Middle Urals
1943:North Africa
1895:hippopotamus
1887:North Africa
1872:
1868:Lithic stage
1857:
1850:
1843:
1650:Mount Sandel
1620:Gough's Cave
1616:Howick house
1488:Middle Urals
1411:Lepenski Vir
1266:
1256:
1239:
1223:Tardenoisian
1147:
1100:
1078:Contemporary
1052:Protohistory
975:
935:Protohistory
912:
887:Homo sapiens
886:
871:Homo erectus
869:
862:
825:
818:
765:
763:
710: 9,000
692:
689:Subneolithic
674:
664:Henri Breuil
659:
595:
576:
553:
514:
497:Subneolithic
489:BlÀtterhöhle
477:
473:
462:lunar phases
458:Warren Field
446:astronomical
443:
428:
418:such as the
411: 8,500
404:introduction
390:of northern
377:
327:
322:
316:
312:Knut Stjerna
302:
289:
288:in his work
286:John Lubbock
283:
212:
208:North Africa
154:between the
144:
143:'stone') or
140:
136:
128:
126:
31:
26:
4953:unchambered
4948:Long barrow
4938:Grave goods
4894:Court cairn
4889:Clava cairn
4841:Bowl barrow
4779:Rock cupule
4722:Golden hats
4715:Hill figure
4616:Unstan ware
4596:Cord-marked
4461:Sweet Track
4383:Burnt mound
4304:Stilt house
4292:Sibudu Cave
4085:Tally stick
4053:Quern-stone
4038:Hammerstone
4028:Fire plough
3999:Pesse canoe
3957:Bannerstone
3927:Other tools
3840:Lithic core
3788:Aurignacian
3676:Bare Island
3558:Quern-stone
3234:RADIOCARBON
3206:28 November
3121:RADIOCARBON
2525:10852/85345
2425:DNA Science
2365:(1): 5520.
2029:East Asia (
2006:East Asia (
1996:Shigir Idol
1964:East Africa
1881:in central
1792:Swifterbant
1763:Scandinavia
1740:Scandinavia
1717:Scandinavia
1501:Shigir Idol
1016:West Africa
758:Xianrendong
715:Lake Baikal
560:Shigir Idol
505:Scandinavia
435:stone tools
420:Maglemosian
356:Shigir Idol
264:during the
254:Pleistocene
238:Terminology
162:. The term
116:Followed by
106:Preceded by
5167:Mesolithic
5161:Categories
5092:trepanning
4985:Ring cairn
4943:Jar burial
4926:transepted
4858:U.S. sites
4759:Petroglyph
4685:Bird stone
4643:wine press
4316:Stone roof
4299:Roundhouse
4191:long house
4168:Stonehenge
4136:Ceremonial
4080:Stone tool
3907:Tool stone
3877:Metallurgy
3781:Mousterian
3758:Toolmaking
3696:Cumberland
3669:Transverse
3639:Schöningen
3531:Qesem cave
3499:Earth oven
3453:Irrigation
3364:Technology
3332:Prehistory
3284:Mesolithic
3201:Britannica
3163:8122411983
2613:0521855039
2137:References
1540:LammasmÀgi
1331:lifestyle.
1148:Mesolithic
1001:South Asia
963:South Asia
945:Bronze Age
940:Copper Age
913:Mesolithic
841:Prehistory
806:prehistory
687:See also:
454:post holes
450:Stonehenge
439:microliths
294:John Evans
168:the Levant
129:Mesolithic
80:Middle of
35:Mesolithic
5136:symbolism
5000:Tor cairn
4958:GrĂžnsalen
4899:Cremation
4791:Sculpture
4769:Pictogram
4754:Petroform
4574:amber use
4542:Cosmetics
4352:Reservoir
4337:Check dam
4267:Pueblitos
4262:Pit-house
4245:Longhouse
4179:Dwellings
4048:Microlith
3979:Bow drill
3974:Bone tool
3967:prismatic
3776:Acheulean
3691:Cresswell
3664:Arrowhead
3590:Boomerang
3506:Granaries
3468:Terracing
3347:Stone Age
3037:0036-8075
2932:USA Today
2781:2375-2548
2584:206552000
2457:5 January
2431:5 January
2389:2041-1723
2184:2045-2322
2162:: 40338.
1877:found at
1772:ErtebĂžlle
1689:Lithuania
1612:Star Carr
1375:Theopetra
1371:Franchthi
1284:Neolithic
1257:Caucasus
1011:East Asia
996:Near East
968:East Asia
958:Near East
921:Neolithic
848:Stone Age
658:, Spain,
641:Star Carr
621:Palestine
617:Bethlehem
545:soapstone
533:Star Carr
480:Neolithic
321:'s work,
310:Culture.
160:Neolithic
149:Old World
135:: ÎŒÎÏÎżÏ,
120:Neolithic
82:Stone Age
60:Near East
58:(for the
5172:Holocene
4774:Rock art
4737:painting
4710:Geoglyph
4535:timeline
4515:Beadwork
4255:Mehrgarh
4250:Mudbrick
4158:megalith
4033:Fire-saw
3855:debitage
3850:analysis
3818:Hand axe
3798:Cupstone
3376:Glossary
3337:Timeline
3252:Mehrgarh
3053:37666548
3045:22745428
2989:37666548
2981:22745428
2882:: 73â98.
2799:37756397
2790:10530072
2666:28 April
2576:24114781
2407:31848342
2202:28059138
2080:See also
2072:Lekhahia
1909:Culture
1344:Culture
1252:Natufian
983:Iron Age
792:a series
790:Part of
783:Cultures
627:(London)
525:pendants
501:Medieval
478:As the "
400:Holocene
266:Holocene
260:and the
224:textiles
186:and the
172:Caucasus
158:and the
101:(Europe)
5131:Symbols
4742:pigment
4628:Weaving
4591:Cardium
4586:Pottery
4581:Mirrors
4569:Jewelry
4510:Baskets
4490:culture
4342:Cistern
4148:Pyramid
4090:Weapons
4068:Scraper
4058:Racloir
4018:Cleaver
4006:Chopper
3912:Uniface
3823:Grooves
3813:Hafting
3771:Oldowan
3730:Systems
3681:Cascade
3644:woomera
3634:harpoon
3607:history
3573:Hunting
3553:Pottery
3494:Cooking
3403:Farming
3369:history
3342:Outline
3017:Bibcode
3009:Science
2961:Bibcode
2952:Science
2761:Bibcode
2556:Bibcode
2548:Science
2398:6917805
2367:Bibcode
2337:16 July
2193:5216412
2164:Bibcode
1922:Morocco
1891:savanna
1864:Archaic
1858:In the
1851:In the
1685:Belarus
1658:Belgium
1624:Cramond
1572:Western
1513:Estonia
1426:Azilian
1386:Romania
1267:Zagros
817:before
767:Science
745:of the
739:Denmark
729:to the
721:on the
699:Siberia
671:Weaving
643:in 2015
613:calcite
572:calcite
549:Finland
424:Azilian
384:Azilian
308:Azilian
220:pottery
204:Eurasia
176:Eurasia
147:is the
5109:flutes
4904:Dolmen
4828:Burial
4638:winery
4611:Linear
4441:Midden
4419:Cursus
4412:Goseck
4272:Pueblo
4223:Dugout
4208:Burdei
3887:Mining
3711:Lamoka
3706:Folsom
3686:Clovis
3543:Metate
3521:Hearth
3489:Basket
3463:Sickle
3247:tribes
3183:UNESCO
3161:
3091:
3051:
3043:
3035:
2987:
2979:
2857:
2830:
2797:
2787:
2779:
2715:(44).
2611:
2582:
2574:
2480:
2405:
2395:
2387:
2276:(42).
2247:
2200:
2190:
2182:
1883:Sahara
1693:Poland
1662:France
1521:Russia
1517:Latvia
1464:Norway
1441:Norway
1390:Serbia
1095:Future
991:Europe
953:Europe
885:Early
695:Europe
607:(late
539:. The
372:TĂ©viec
340:Europe
141:lithos
77:Period
71:Europe
5026:sites
4970:Mummy
4690:Cairn
4606:JĆmon
4557:shoes
4552:Hides
4424:Henge
4378:Broch
4240:Jacal
4095:Wheel
4043:Knife
3989:Canoe
3984:Burin
3962:Blade
3860:flake
3721:Plano
3629:baton
3619:Spear
3585:Arrow
3538:Manos
3391:Tools
3049:S2CID
2985:S2CID
2591:(PDF)
2580:S2CID
2544:(PDF)
2031:Korea
2008:Japan
1862:, an
1073:Early
723:Volga
564:larch
556:Urals
547:from
537:shale
529:amber
493:Hagen
392:Spain
137:mesos
133:Greek
88:Dates
5119:gudi
4877:Cist
4806:list
4633:Wine
4562:Ătzi
4547:Glue
4520:Beds
4488:and
4486:Arts
4357:Well
4213:Cave
4143:Kiva
4073:side
4063:Rope
4011:tool
3945:bone
3935:Adze
3701:Eden
3614:Nets
3484:Fire
3448:Goad
3433:Celt
3208:2018
3159:ISBN
3089:ISBN
3041:PMID
3033:ISSN
2977:PMID
2855:ISBN
2828:ISBN
2795:PMID
2777:ISSN
2668:2018
2609:ISBN
2572:PMID
2478:ISBN
2459:2021
2433:2021
2403:PMID
2385:ISSN
2339:2013
2245:ISBN
2198:PMID
2180:ISSN
1873:The
1691:and
1660:and
1574:and
1146:The
864:Homo
819:Homo
804:and
594:The
422:and
394:and
378:The
354:The
222:and
206:and
170:and
127:The
4228:Hut
4163:row
3994:Oar
3952:Axe
3940:Awl
3025:doi
3013:336
2969:doi
2957:336
2880:144
2785:PMC
2769:doi
2717:doi
2564:doi
2552:342
2520:hdl
2510:doi
2393:PMC
2375:doi
2288:hdl
2278:doi
2188:PMC
2172:doi
737:of
623:);
611:);
511:Art
491:in
5163::
3199:.
3181:.
3165:,
3069:,
3047:.
3039:.
3031:.
3023:.
3011:.
2997:^
2983:.
2975:.
2967:.
2955:.
2941:^
2929:.
2910:.
2878:.
2793:.
2783:.
2775:.
2767:.
2755:.
2751:.
2657:.
2615:,
2578:.
2570:.
2562:.
2550:.
2546:.
2518:.
2504:.
2492:^
2450:.
2423:.
2401:.
2391:.
2383:.
2373:.
2363:10
2361:.
2357:.
2328:.
2286:.
2274:42
2272:.
2268:.
2196:.
2186:.
2178:.
2170:.
2158:.
2154:.
2070:,
2033:)
2010:)
1998:,
1985:)
1924:)
1836:,
1765:)
1742:)
1719:)
1695:)
1687:,
1664:)
1626:,
1622:,
1618:,
1614:,
1542:,
1523:)
1515:,
1503:,
1490:)
1466:)
1443:)
1392:)
1373:,
1282:â
1154:â
794:on
749:.
707:c.
697:,
619:,
602:c.
600:;
574:.
551:.
466:c.
408:c.
210:.
200:BP
192:BP
99:BP
93:BP
3313:e
3306:t
3299:v
3210:.
3185:.
3097:.
3055:.
3027::
3019::
2991:.
2971::
2963::
2935:.
2914:.
2863:.
2836:.
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2771::
2763::
2757:9
2723:.
2719::
2670:.
2566::
2558::
2528:.
2522::
2512::
2486:.
2461:.
2435:.
2409:.
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