Mecca - Knowledge

120: 1905: 2640:, Sultan of Egypt and Syria at the Ka'bah. Battuta says the Ka'bah was large, but was destroyed and rebuilt smaller than the original. According to Ibn Battuta, the original Kaaba, prior to the conquest of Makkah by the Prophet, contained images of angels and prophets including Jesus (Isa in Islamic tradition), his mother Mary (Maryam in Islamic tradition), and many others - Ibn Battuta however states these were all destroyed by the Prophet in the year of victory. Battuta describes the Ka'bah in his time as an important part of Mecca due to the fact that many people make the pilgrimage to it. Battuta describes the people of the city as being humble and kind, and also willing to give a part of everything they had to someone who had nothing. The inhabitants of Mecca and the village itself, he says, were very clean. There was also a sense of elegance to the village. 154: 4176: 3317: 2375: 140: 4507: 3474:: 10, 11 and 12. Like most Saudi Arabian cities, Mecca retains warm to hot temperatures even in winter, which can range from 19 °C (66 °F) at night to 30 °C (86 °F) in the afternoon. Summer temperatures are extremely hot and consistently break the 40 °C (104 °F) mark in the afternoon, dropping to 30 °C (86 °F) in the evening, but humidity remains relatively low, at 30–40%. Rain usually falls in Mecca in small amounts scattered between November and January, with heavy thunderstorms also common during the winter. Occasional summer rainfall is associated with the northward movement of the 204: 3248: 170: 2649: 222: 4208: 15757: 2636:(account), he provides a vast description of the city. Around the year 1327 CE or 729 AH, Ibn Battuta arrived at the holy city. Immediately, he says, it felt like a holy sanctuary, and thus he started the rites of the pilgrimage. He remained in Mecca for three years and left in 1330 CE. During his second year in the holy city, he says his caravan arrived "with a great quantity of alms for the support of those who were staying in Mecca and Medina". While in Mecca, prayers were made for (not to) the King of Iraq and also for 184: 3157: 14803: 14538: 12657: 3101: 4908: 12734: 288: 14490: 12935: 4752: 2983: 2903: 12975: 12965: 12955: 14479: 4922: 1132: 2336:. Historical accounts also provide some indication that goods from other continents may also have flowed through Mecca. Goods from Africa and the Far East passed through en route to Syria including spices, leather, medicine, cloth, and slaves; in return Mecca received money, weapons, cereals and wine, which in turn were distributed throughout Arabia. The Meccans signed treaties with both the Byzantines and the 12945: 2719: 4200:, generates 12% of its income from the pilgrimage. Fares paid by pilgrims to reach Mecca by land also generate income; as do the hotels and lodging companies that house them. The city takes in more than $ 100 million, while the Saudi government spends about $ 50 million on services for the Hajj. There are some industries and factories in the city, but Mecca no longer plays a major role in 3212: 229: 3187:. In 2019, the Hajj attracted 2,489,406 pilgrims to the holy city. The 'Umrah, or the lesser pilgrimage, can be done at anytime during the year. Every adult, healthy Muslim who has the financial and physical capacity to travel to Mecca must perform the Hajj at least once in a lifetime. Umrah, the lesser pilgrimage, is not obligatory, but is recommended in the Quran. In addition to the 541: 3417:' using a separate conduit to connect it to Mecca and the Masjid al-Haram. Over time however the system deteriorated and failed to fulfil its function. Thus in 1245 CE, 1361 CE, 1400 CE, 1474 CE, and 1510 CE different rulers invested into extensive repairs of the system. In 1525 CE due to the system's troubles persisting however the 2794:). The city has been expanded to include several towns previously considered to be separate from the holy city and now is just a few kilometers outside the main sites of the Hajj, Mina, Muzdalifah and Arafat. Mecca is not served by any airport, due to concerns about the city's safety. It is instead served by the 2481:

in 627 CE, the combined armies of Arabia were unable to defeat Muhammad's forces (as the trench surrounding Muhammad's forces protected them from harm and a storm was sent to breach the Quraysh tribe). In 628 CE, Muhammad and his followers wanted to enter Mecca for pilgrimage, but were blocked by the

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The early history of Mecca is still largely shrouded by a lack of clear sources. The city lies in the hinterland of the middle part of western Arabia of which there are sparse textual or archaeological sources available. This lack of knowledge is in contrast to both the northern and southern areas of

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Under Saudi rule, it has been estimated that since 1985, about 95% of Mecca's historic buildings, most over a thousand years old, have been demolished. It has been reported that there are now fewer than 20 structures remaining in Mecca that date back to the time of Muhammad. Some important buildings

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told the Meccans to seek refuge in the hills while he and some members of the Quraysh remained within the precincts of the Kaaba. Abraha sent a dispatch inviting Abdul-Muttalib to meet with Abraha and discuss matters. When Abdul-Muttalib left the meeting he was heard saying: "The Owner of this House

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Formal education started to be developed in the late Ottoman period continuing slowly into Hashemite times. The first major attempt to improve the situation was made by a Jeddah merchant, Muhammad ʿAlī Zaynal Riḍā, who founded the Madrasat al-Falāḥ in Mecca in 1911–12 that cost £400,000. The school

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This is the stone that Ibrahim (Abraham) stood on to build the higher parts of the Ka'bah. It contains two footprints that are comparatively larger than average modern-day human feet. The stone is raised and housed in a golden hexagonal chamber beside the Ka'bah on the Mataf plate. The stone inside

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and beyond, as Muslims came to perform the annual Hajj pilgrimage. Mecca also attracted a year-round population of scholars, pious Muslims who wished to live close to the Kaaba, and local inhabitants who served the pilgrims. Due to the difficulty and expense of the Hajj, pilgrims arrived by boat at

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that surrounds Mecca was characterized by its remote, rocky, and inhospitable nature, supporting only meagre settled populations in scattered oases and occasional stretches of fertile land. The Red Sea coast offered no easily accessible ports and the oasis dwellers and bedouins in the region were

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Mecca has been the site of several incidents and failures of crowd control because of the large numbers of people who come to make the Hajj. For example, on 2 July 1990, a pilgrimage to Mecca ended in tragedy when the ventilation system failed in a crowded pedestrian tunnel and 1,426 people were

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Camel caravans, said to have first been used by Muhammad's great-grandfather, were a major part of Mecca's bustling economy. Alliances were struck between the merchants in Mecca and the local nomadic tribes, who would bring goods – leather, livestock, and metals mined in the local mountains – to

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called ʿUrwa bin Hayyad al-Milasi, who shot him with an arrow, killing him. His brother Qays who was with him, fled to Abraha and told him the news, which increased his rage and fury and he swore to raid the Kinana tribe and destroy the Ka'bah. Ibn Ishaq further states that one of the men of the

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Muslims believe that in the divine revelation to Muhammad, the Quran, Allah describes the mountains of Safa and Marwah as symbols of His divinity. Walking between the two mountains seven times, 4 times from Safa to Marwah and 3 times from Marwah interchangeably, is considered a mandatory pillar

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to touch and kiss the stone. The area around the stone is generally always crowded and guarded by policemen to ensure the pilgrims' safety. In Islamic tradition, the stone was sent down from Jannah (Paradise) and used to build the Ka'bah. It used to be a white stone (and was whiter than milk).

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as governor of the city. His other activities in Arabia led to the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the banner of Islam. Muhammad died in 632 CE. Within the next few hundred years, the area under the banner of Islam stretched from North Africa into Asia and parts of Europe. As the

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has cast doubt on the claim that Mecca was a major historical trading outpost. However, other scholars such as Glen W. Bowersock disagree and assert that Mecca was a major trading outpost. Crone later on disregarded some of her theories. She argues that Meccan trade relied on skins, hides,

2788:, the Sharif of Mecca was overthrown by the Saud family, and Mecca was incorporated into Saudi Arabia. Under Saudi rule, much of the historic city has been demolished as a result of the Saudi government fearing these sites might become sites of association in worship besides Allah ( 1732:

While one individual has suggested that Mecca’s population at the time of Muhammad was around 550, research published by Binimad Al-Ateeqi in 2020 shows that the population was closer to 10,000 individuals, a figure extrapolated from data taken from historical records about the

2490:, allies of the Quraish, violated the truce by slaughtering a group of the Banu Khuza'ah, allies of the Muslims. Muhammad and his companions, now 10,000 strong, marched into Mecca and conquered the city. The pagan imagery was destroyed by Muhammad's followers and the location 2180:, all along the south-western coast that borders the Red Sea, in a habitable region between the sea and the Hejaz mountains to the east. Although the area around Mecca was completely barren, it was the wealthiest of the three settlements with abundant water from the renowned 4238:. Thousands of Saudis are employed year-round to oversee the Hajj and staff the hotels and shops that cater to pilgrims; these workers in turn have increased the demand for housing and services. The city is now ringed by freeways and contains shopping malls and skyscrapers. 2882:

and the Ka'bah, must be held by those of true faith. The rebels seized tens of thousands of pilgrims as hostages and barricaded themselves in the mosque. The siege lasted two weeks, and resulted in several hundred deaths and significant damage to the shrine, especially the

2486:, whereby the Quraysh and their allies promised to cease fighting Muslims and their allies and promised that Muslims would be allowed into the city to perform the pilgrimage the following year. It was meant to be a ceasefire for 10 years; however, just two years later, the 3222:

This is a mountain believed by Muslims to have been the place where Muhammad spent his time away from the bustling city of Mecca in seclusion. The mountain is located on the eastern entrance of the city and is the highest point in the city at 642 meters (2,106 feet).

3125:: an ornamental, embroidered curtain that was replaced annually. Currently, it is placed inside a golden-metal enclosure. The outer casing has changed a number of times over the years; historic photographs show that the arch of the Banu Shaybah Gate stood next to it. 4714:(9 Dhu al-Hijjah), and increased until 1957, at which time Radio Makkah became the most powerful station in the Middle East at 50 kW. Later, power was increased 9-fold to 450 kW. Music was not immediately broadcast, but gradually folk music was introduced. 3307:

The city center lies in a corridor between mountains, which is often called the "Hollow of Mecca". The area contains the valley of al-Taneem, the valley of Bakkah and the valley of Abqar. This mountainous location has defined the contemporary expansion of the city.

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western Arabia, specifically the Syro-Palestinian frontier and Yemen, where historians have various sources available such as physical remains of shrines, inscriptions, observations by Greco-Roman authors, and information collected by church historians. The area of

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and is capable of transporting 60 million passengers annually. Each train can achieve speeds of up to 300 kmh (190 mph), traveling a total distance of 450 km (280 mi), reducing the travel time between the two cities to less than two hours.

2199:. However, it was also the time each year that disputes would be arbitrated, debts would be resolved, and trading would occur at Meccan fairs. These annual events gave the tribes a sense of common identity and made Mecca an important focus for the peninsula. 3287:. Traditional, historical homes built of local rock, two to three stories long are still present within the city's central area, within view of modern hotels and shopping complexes. The total area of modern Mecca is over 1,200 km (460 sq mi). 7177:"Miscellaneous works: comprising An inquiry into the antiquity of the small-pox, measles, and scarlet fever, now first published; Reports on the diseases in London, a new ed.; and detached papers on medical subjects, collected from various periodical publi" 4266:, but some private schools founded by foreign entities such as International schools use the English language as the medium of instruction. Some of these are coeducational while other schools are not. For higher education, the city has only one university, 1794:

Ptolemy lists the names of 50 cities in Arabia, one going by the name of Macoraba. There has been speculation since 1646 that this could be a reference to Mecca. Historically, there has been a general consensus in scholarship that Macoraba mentioned by

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origin had come to constitute 20% of the population. The Burmese are an older, more established community who number roughly 250,000. Adding to this, the discovery of oil in the past 50 years has brought hundreds of thousands of working immigrants.

4710:, the existing network was greatly expanded and improved. Since then, radio communication has been used extensively in directing the pilgrimage and addressing the pilgrims. This practice started in 1950, with the initiation of broadcasts on the 3425:

began a construction project to rebuild the aqueduct in its entirety, the project took until 1571 CE to be completed. Its water quality was greatly lacking during the 19th century until a restoration and cleaning project by Osman Pasha began.

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settled with them, and Isma'il reportedly married two women, one after divorcing the first, on Ibrahim's advice. At least one man of the Jurhum helped Ismāʿīl and his father to construct or according to Islamic narratives, reconstruct, the

4673:, there were about 20 public telephones in the entire city; in 1936, the number jumped to 450, totaling about half the telephones in the country. During that time, telephone lines were extended to Jeddah and Ta'if, but not to the capital, 1866:

manufactured leather goods, clarified butter, Hijazi woollens, and camels. She suggests that most of these goods were destined for the Roman army, which is known to have required colossal quantities of leather and hides for its equipment.

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also enumerated many cities of Western Arabia, most of which can be identified. According to Bowersock, he did mention Mecca as "Geapolis" or "Hierapolis", the latter one meaning "holy city" potentially referring to the sanctuary of the

1715:. The fossil habitat, near what is now the Red Sea in western Saudi Arabia, was a damp forest area between 28 million and 29 million years ago. Paleontologists involved in the research hope to find further fossils in the area. 5633: 4183:

The Meccan economy has been heavily dependent on pilgrimages coming for Umrah and Hajj. Income generated through pilgrims not only powers the Meccan economy but has historically had far-reaching effects on the economy of the entire

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Limited radio communication was established within the Kingdom under the Hashemites. In 1929, wireless stations were set up in various towns in the region, creating a network that would become fully functional by 1932. Soon after

4573:; towering over the Great Mosque, it is a seven-building complex with the central clock tower having a length of 601 m (1,972 feet), making it the world's fourth-tallest building. All seven buildings in the complex also form the 2195:, but once a year they would declare a truce and converge upon Mecca in an annual pilgrimage. Up to the 7th century, this journey was intended for religious reasons by the pagan Arabs to pay homage to their shrine, and to drink 4588:

where non-Muslims are prohibited from entering. The gate was designed in 1979 by an Egyptian architect, Samir Elabd, for the architectural firm IDEA Center. The structure is that of a book, representing the Quran, sitting on a

3335:, that produced generally brackish water. Finding a sustainable water source to supply Mecca's permanent population and the large number of annual pilgrims was an undertaking that began in the Abbasid era under the auspices of 3275:. Mecca is one of the lowest cities in elevation in the Hejaz region, located at an elevation of 277 m (909 ft) above sea level at 21º23' north latitude and 39º51' east longitude. Mecca is divided into 34 districts. 1761:

The first clear reference to Mecca in non-Islamic literature appears in 741 CE, long after the death of Muhammad, in the Byzantine-Arab Chronicle, though here the author places the region in Mesopotamia rather than the Hejaz.

4457:, as they are considered non-Muslims. Nevertheless, many non-Muslims and Ahmadis have visited the city as these restrictions are loosely enforced. The first such recorded example of a non-Muslim entering the city is that of 1753:

who has written extensively about the early history of Mecca, also makes deductions about the numbers of women, children, servants, and slaves living in Mecca at the time, pointing out that some wealthy individuals, such as

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in English has come to be used to refer to any place that draws large numbers of people, and because of this some English-speaking Muslims have come to regard the use of this spelling for the city as offensive. Nonetheless,

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gallery. A multinational force was finally able to retake the mosque from the dissidents. Since then, the Grand Mosque has been expanded several times, with many other expansions being undertaken in the present day.

2545:(r. 644–656 CE) when concerns of flooding caused the caliphs to bring in Christian engineers to build barrages in the low-lying quarters and construct dykes and embankments to protect the area around the Kaaba. 15957: 2775:

pilgrims, stated that with the Ottoman Turkish authorities gone, the Hajj of 1916 was free of the previous massive extortion and monetary demands made by the Turks who were agents of the Ottoman government.

1460:, it is said to be more specifically the early name for the valley located therein, while Muslim scholars generally use it to refer to the sacred area of the city that immediately surrounds and includes the 5536: 2319:, the next day, a dark cloud of small birds sent by Allah appeared. The birds carried small rocks in their beaks, and bombarded the Ethiopian forces, and smashed them to a state like that of eaten straw. 2302:

Abraha eventually attacked Mecca. However, the lead elephant, known as Mahmud, is said to have stopped at the boundary around Mecca and refused to enter. It has been theorized that an epidemic such as by

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The Hajj pilgrimage, also called the greater pilgrimage, attracts millions of Muslims from all over the world and almost triples Mecca's population for one week in the twelfth and final Islamic month of

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The city centers on the al-Haram area, which contains the Masjid al-Haram. The area around the mosque is the old city and contains the most famous district of Mecca, Ajyad. The main street that runs to

2384: 5483: 2667:, which held Mecca until 1813, destroying some of the historic tombs and domes in and around the city. The Ottomans assigned the task of bringing Mecca back under Ottoman control to their powerful 2477:). The conflict between the Quraysh and the Muslims is accepted to have begun at this point. Overall, Meccan efforts to annihilate Islam failed and proved to be costly and unsuccessful. During the 4262:

and private schools for males and another 681 public and private schools for female students. The medium of instruction in both public and private schools is Arabic with emphasis on English as a

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with a message that al-Qullays was both much better than other houses of worship and purer, having not been defiled by the housing of idols. When Muhammad ibn Khuza'i got as far as the land of

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The city today is at the junction of the two most important highways in all of the Saudi Arabian highway system, Highway 40, which connects the city to Jeddah in the west and the capital,

7473: 3156: 2247:. Abraha attempted to divert the pilgrimage of the Arabs from the Ka'bah to al-Qullays, effectively converting them to Christianity. According to Islamic tradition, this was the year of 7946: 8952:, by John Bagot Glubb, Assʿad Sulaiman Abdo, Swati Chopra, Darshana Das, Michael Levy, Gloria Lotha, Michael Ray, Surabhi Sinha, Noah Tesch, Amy Tikkanen, Grace Young and Adam Zeidan 8750: 8693: 3433:. According to al-Kurdī, there had been 89 floods by 1965. In the last century, the most severe flood was that of 1942. Since then, dams have been built to ameliorate this problem. 1775:, describing a holy shrine: "And a temple has been set up there, which is very holy and exceedingly revered by all Arabians". Claims have been made this could be a reference to the 1799:

in the 2nd century CE is indeed Mecca, but more recently, this has been questioned. Bowersock favors the identity of the former, with his theory being that "Macoraba" is the word "

7615: 2340:, and negotiated safe passages for caravans, giving them water and pasture rights. Mecca became the center of a loose confederation of client tribes, which included those of the 8600: 5219: 7454: 3115:

the casing is square shaped and measures 40 cm (16 in) in length and width, and 20 cm (7.9 in) in height. It used to be enclosed by a structure called the

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on the other hand, writes that "the plain truth is that the name Macoraba has nothing to do with that of Mecca if Ptolemy mentions Mecca at all, he calls it Moka, a town in

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CE, and for some time thereafter, the city figured little in politics, remaining a city of devotion and scholarship governed by various other factions. In 930 CE, Mecca was

4677:. By 1985, Mecca, like other Saudi cities, possessed modern telephone, telex, radio and television communications. Many television stations serve the city area, including 4204:, which is mainly based on oil exports. The few industries operating in Mecca include textiles, furniture, and utensils. The majority of the economy is service-oriented. 3001:

Mecca holds an important place in Islam and is considered the holiest city in all branches of the religion. The city derives its importance from the role it plays in the

2931:. The reason for much of the destruction of historic buildings has been for the construction of hotels, apartments, parking lots, and other infrastructure facilities for 8999: 5907: 2897: 1385: 14504: 6427: 3295:

Mecca is at an elevation of 277 m (909 ft) above sea level, and approximately 70 km (44 mi) inland from the Red Sea. It is one of the lowest in the

16075: 5546: 4246: 1601:, was also claimed to be Mecca. Some studies have questioned this association. Many etymologies have been proposed: the traditional one is that it is derived from the 6810:

G. Lankester Harding & Enno Littman, Some Thamudic Inscriptions from the Hashimite Kingdom of the Jordan (Leiden, Netherlands – 1952), p. 19, Inscription No. 112A

1755: 8624: 5660: 14229: 4584:, known popularly as the Quran Gate, sits on the western entrance of the city, which is the route from Jeddah. Located on Highway 40, it marks the boundary of the 6198: 14111: 4775:, in the east. The other, Highway 15, connects Mecca to the other holy Islamic city of Medina approximately 400 km (250 mi) in the north and onward to 4400:

There are also many walk-in clinics available for both residents and pilgrims. Several temporary clinics are set up during the Hajj to tend to wounded pilgrims.

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Under the Saudi government, Mecca is governed by the Mecca Regional Municipality, a municipal council of 14 locally elected members headed by the mayor (called

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in the south. The Ottomans had planned to extend their railway network to the holy city, but were forced to abandon this plan due to their entry into the

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undertook the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina disguised as a Muslim. Although Burton was certainly not the first non-Muslim European to make the

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Photius, Diodorus and Strabo (English): Stanley M. Burnstein (tr.), Agatharchides of Cnidus: On the Eritraean Sea (1989), 132–173, esp. 152–3 (§92).)

5513: 1904: 4192:, and many of these taxes existed to as late as 1972. Another way the Hajj generates income is through services to pilgrims. For example, the Saudi 3331:

has been an issue throughout its history. In pre-modern Mecca, the city used a few chief sources of water. Among them were local wells, such as the

16202: 14195: 8529: 6740: 364: 2572:, in modern-day Iraq, which remained the center of the Islamic Empire for nearly 500 years. Mecca re-entered Islamic political history during the 2165:. The Sassanids however did not always pose a threat to Mecca, as in 575 CE they protected it from a Yemeni invasion, led by its Christian leader 8992: 2109:. In the 5th century, the Quraish took control of Mecca, and became skilled merchants and traders. In the 6th century, they joined the lucrative 1431:, which constitutes Mecca and the surrounding region, is the capital of the Mecca Province, which includes the neighbouring cities of Jeddah and 119: 10449: 8135: 4521:. As a result of the vast numbers of pilgrims coming to the city each year, Mecca has become by far the most diverse city in the Muslim world. 1372:

and his allies in 1925. Since then, Mecca has seen a tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, with newer, modern buildings such as the

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chronology of the Patriarchs, of unknown date but probably composed in the 10th century CE, it is claimed that Mecca was built by the sons of

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is a metro line in Mecca opened on 13 November 2010. The 18.1-kilometer (11.2-mile) elevated metro transports pilgrims to the holy sites of '

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for regional connections. To cater to the large number of Hajj pilgrims, Jeddah Airport has a Hajj Terminal, specifically for use during the

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and Southeast Asia, Europe and Africa. Many of these pilgrims have remained and become residents of the city. By the 19th century, people of

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Situated atop Jabal an-Nur, this is the cave where Muslims believe Muhammad received the first revelation from Allah through the archangel

1241: 4791:. Mecca is served by four ring roads, and these are very crowded compared to the three ring roads of Medina. Mecca also has many tunnels. 4230:, bakeries, farming and banking. The city has grown substantially in the 20th and 21st centuries, as the convenience and affordability of 1400:

in Medina and their auxiliary service facilities in order to accommodate the ever-increasing number of Muslims performing the pilgrimage (

250: 16489: 16261: 16090: 14534: 14126: 8100: 7826: 7112: 8208: 7843: 7309: 1963:. It was Adam himself who built the first God's house in Mecca according to a heavenly prototype but this building was destroyed in the 16459: 16419: 15685: 15219: 8985: 5165:"Makkah (Makkah al-Mukarramah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information" 4218:

Nevertheless, many industries have been set up in Mecca. Various types of enterprises that have existed since 1970 in the city include

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Muslim rulers from in and around the region long tried to take the city and keep it in their control, and thus, much like most of the

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is its Defender, and I am sure he will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonor the servants of His House."

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system which runs at 300 km/h (190 mph) and connects the two cities via Jeddah, King Abdulaziz International Airport and

2841:. This plan was later carried out by the Saudi government, which connected the two holy cities of Medina and Mecca with the modern 2348:, Ghassanids, and Lakhmids were in decline leaving Meccan trade to be the primary binding force in Arabia in the late 6th century. 1280: 8659: 5075: 4547:

is now the most popular sport in Mecca and the kingdom, and the city hosts some of the oldest sport clubs in Saudi Arabia such as

1423:. In 2015, the mayor of the city was Osama bin Fadhel Al-Barr; as of January 2022, the mayor is Saleh Al-Turki. The City of Mecca 16070: 14180: 14101: 8565: 7370: 5710: 915: 8962: 8448: 2268:

tribe was angered by this, and going to Sana'a, entering the church at night and defiling it; widely assumed to have done so by

14792: 14526: 14121: 13011: 8710: 7235: 7016: 4574: 4188:. The income was generated in a number of ways. One method was taxing the pilgrims. Taxes were especially increased during the 3063:. Regardless, it was built several times before reaching its current state. The Ka'bah is also the common direction of prayer ( 1538:

is the official transliteration used by the Saudi government and is closer to the Arabic pronunciation. The government adopted

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season; the terminal can accommodate 47 planes simultaneously while receiving 3,800 pilgrims per hour during the Hajj season.

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was sent by Abraha to advise them that Abraha only wished to demolish the Ka'bah and if they resisted, they would be crushed.

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or of similar origin and believed by Muslims to be of divine origin. It is set in the eastern corner of the Ka'bah and it is

1825: 802: 9773: 4433:, on average 2–4 million Muslims arrive in the city to take part in the rites known as Hajj. Pilgrims are from varying 3444:

have been constructed and are being constructed to provide suitable amounts of water fit for human consumption to the city.

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did this in 1503), his pilgrimage remains one of the most famous and documented of modern times. Mecca was regularly hit by

15852: 15797: 10783: 7997: 4880: 4728: 3343:. She donated funds for the deepening of Zamzam Well and funded a massive construction project likely costing 1.75 million 3037:. According to Islamic tradition, a prayer in the masjid is equal to 100,000 prayers in any other masjid around the world. 2795: 312: 8634: 8190: 7699: 5164: 3021:

is the site of two of the most important rites of both the Hajj and of the Umrah, the circumambulation around the Ka'bah (

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Nassar, Nahla (2013). "Dar al-Kiswa al-Sharifa: Administration and Production". In Porter, Venetia; Saif, Liana (eds.).

4527:, a local fast-food chain, is very popular among pilgrims and locals alike. Until 2018, it was available only in Mecca, 4422:

industry. 'Iyad Madani, the Saudi Arabian Minister for Hajj, was quoted saying, "We never stop preparing for the Hajj."

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Because of the worldly sins of man, it slowly changed color to black over the years after it was brought down to Earth.

16132: 15915: 8913:. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 2008 7762: 6990: 6345: 6188: 5377: 12653: 7487: 5420: 4273:

Healthcare is provided by the Saudi government free of charge to all pilgrims. There are ten main hospitals in Mecca:

2374: 16229: 16065: 15945: 15867: 15862: 15802: 15665: 13983: 13937: 13597: 13591: 10998: 10697: 8917: 8510: 6998: 6720: 6663: 5360: 4694: 4622:. The Saudi regime expanded this press into a larger operation, introducing the new Saudi official gazette of Mecca, 4506: 4151: 3163: 980: 221: 3429:

Another source which sporadically provided water was rainfall which was stored by the people in small reservoirs or

2434:

in Mecca in 570 CE, and thus Islam has been inextricably linked with it ever since. He was born into the faction of

1544:

as the official spelling in the 1980s, but it is not universally known or used worldwide. The full official name is

16365: 16254: 16163: 15777: 13854: 13710: 13187: 13083: 12891: 12881: 9777: 9535: 4864: 4847: 4805: 4670: 2759:, the Sharif of Mecca to revolt against the Ottoman Empire and it was the first city captured by his forces in the 2756: 1291: 580: 10065: 8470: 5416: 5101: 3463: 16464: 16373: 16321: 16097: 16029: 15887: 14348: 14154: 12645: 8967: 8550: 4409: 2971: 2707: 2369: 1779:

in Mecca. However, the geographic location Diodorus describes is located in northwest Arabia, around the area of

1738: 1162: 3069:) for all Muslims. The surface surrounding the Ka'bah on which Muslims circumambulate it is known as the Mataf. 2767:, declaring himself the Sharif of the state and Mecca his capital. News reports in November 1916 via contact in 2461:

against Meccan paganism, and after enduring persecution from the pagan tribes for 13 years, Muhammad emigrated (

16147: 15892: 15746: 15329: 14413: 13961: 13859: 5665: 4517:

Mecca's culture has been affected by the large number of pilgrims that arrive annually, and thus boasts a rich

3475: 2610: 1107: 7261: 3271:. The city is situated in a valley with the same name around 70 km (44 mi) east of the port city of 2191:

The harsh conditions and terrain of the Arabian peninsula meant a near-constant state of conflict between the

139: 16019: 15812: 13771: 13530: 13207: 11460: 11004: 8745: 8688: 8664: 8629: 8605: 8294: 7874: 1990:('Cube'), which would have social, religious, political and historical implications for the site and region. 1501:, established for mankind was that at Bakkah". This is said to have been the name of the city at the time of 851: 11312: 10192: 5189: 4727:

The only airport near the city is the Mecca East airport, which is not active. Mecca is primarily served by

2763:. Sharif's revolt proved a turning point of the war on the eastern front. Hussein declared a new state, the 2286:, intending to demolish it. When news of the advance of his army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinanah, 16484: 16244: 16190: 16085: 16034: 16014: 15930: 15902: 15658: 15159: 14333: 14310: 13920: 13776: 13766: 13672: 13325: 9815: 7891: 5510: 4941: 4453:, and using fraudulent documents to do so may result in arrest and prosecution. The prohibition extends to 4258:

system in Mecca has many public and private schools for both males and females. As of 2005, there were 532

2684: 2606: 2378: 1628:, meaning "Mother of all Settlements"). The city has been called several other names in both the Quran and 1426: 883: 7426: 2173:

for aid, in response to which he came south to Arabia with foot-soldiers and a fleet of ships near Mecca.

1236:, in a narrow valley 277 m (909 ft) above sea level. Its metropolitan population in 2022 was 2.4 16284: 16224: 16060: 15967: 15935: 15741: 14435: 14300: 14106: 13874: 13667: 13044: 12167: 10418: 10409: 9103: 5496:

A Saudi tower: Mecca versus Las Vegas: Taller, holier and even more popular than (almost) anywhere else,

4884: 4868: 4613: 4491: 3252: 2846: 2842: 2675: 930: 757: 3382:' and smaller water sources in the area to Mecca in addition to the construction of a waterworks on 3218:, the mountain atop which is the Hira cave, where it is believed Muhammad received his first revelation. 16309: 16180: 16102: 15309: 15224: 14785: 14519: 14185: 14068: 13585: 13004: 10634: 8791: 4652: 4211: 970: 10652: 8922: 8253: 7972:"Sun, Sand And Water: Solar-Powered Desalination Plant Will Help Supply Saudi Arabia With Fresh Water" 6598:

Bowersock, G. W. (2017). The crucible of Islam. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press. pp. 50 ff

5407: 4759:

Mecca, similar to Medina, lies at the junction of two of the most important highways in Saudi Arabia,

16249: 16212: 16207: 16142: 15952: 15920: 15910: 15807: 15765: 15599: 14278: 14265: 13966: 13795: 13491: 13213: 13176: 10589: 9417: 8392: 5442: 4760: 4736: 4469:, the founder of Sikhism, is said to have visited Mecca in December 1518. One of the most famous was 4450: 2944: 2803: 2498:

alone. Mecca was declared the holiest site in Islam ordaining it as the center of Muslim pilgrimage (

1439: 1065: 777: 374: 14802: 14770: 12616:

Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

12190: 10439: 8139: 4414:

Mecca is very densely populated. Most long-term residents live in the Old City, the area around the

16355: 16343: 16326: 16239: 16175: 16024: 15981: 15831: 15817: 15209: 14430: 14149: 13973: 13746: 13226: 12487: 11589: 11277: 11177: 8827:"Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam – The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change" 4666: 3422: 2628:

One of the most famous travelers to Mecca in the 14th century was a Moroccan scholar and traveler,

1944: 1420: 997: 797: 493: 317: 8815: 8225: 2990:

involves pilgrims visiting Al-Haram Mosque, but mainly camping and spending time in the plains of

16412: 16350: 16271: 16234: 16137: 16048: 16004: 15787: 15693: 15214: 14288: 13099: 10276: 10019: 9679: 8430:

Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer says that Mecca was not banned to non-Muslim till nineteenth century;

6829:

Hawting, G.R. (1980). "The Disappearance and Rediscovery of Zamzam and the 'Well of the Ka'ba'".

5606: 5054:

Possibly following their pilgrimage in 805 CE and seeing the city's issues with its water supply.

4669:

pressed them forward as he saw them as a means of convenience and better governance. While under

4552: 4201: 3414: 3348: 3336: 2577: 1964: 1365: 592: 300: 13253: 11352: 11135: 10214: 9653: 6611:

Crone, Patricia (2007). "Quraysh and the Roman Army: Making Sense of the Meccan Leather Trade".

5572: 2548:

Muhammad's return to Medina shifted the focus away from Mecca and later even further away when '

16469: 16383: 16289: 16080: 15756: 14445: 14374: 14343: 14273: 13197: 13192: 13110: 12849: 12183: 11433: 10688: 10629: 10519: 9999: 9390: 8902: 5879: 5438: 5437:

prohibits the veneration of shrines, tombs, and sacred objects, many sites associated with the

5041: 5012: 4990: 4470: 4267: 4160: 3396: 3361: 2920: 2785: 2760: 2692: 2154: 1742: 1392:. However, many of the demolitions have officially been part of the continued expansion of the 1342: 1225: 1046: 812: 31: 8826: 8351: 7822: 7116: 6918: 6163:

Title Journeys in holy lands: the evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael legends in Islamic exegesis

6161: 5836: 5805: 5138: 3247: 2856:

of Mecca, in which the entry of non-Muslims is forbidden, is much larger than that of Medina.

16428: 16338: 16331: 16316: 16304: 16294: 16195: 16185: 15999: 15249: 14778: 14512: 14391: 14369: 13120: 12997: 12750: 11688: 11557: 11454: 10249: 10116: 9905: 9809: 9664: 9577: 9289: 9054: 8205: 8161: 7947:"FCC Aqualia wins contract to operate two wastewater treatment plants in Mecca, Saudi Arabia" 7847: 6796: 6781: 6766: 6373:, William Heinemann Ltd., London & Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1935, p. 217. 6144: 6026: 5998: 5959: 5778: 5600: 5322: 5302: 4682: 4564: 4415: 2884: 2736: 2680: 2505: 2483: 2071: 1771: 1662::21. Arab and Islamic tradition holds that the wilderness of Paran, broadly speaking, is the 1320: 1041: 866: 650: 605: 485: 5289:

Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.

3299:

region, although some mountain peaks in Mecca reach 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in height.

1256:

from other countries. Pilgrims more than triple the population number every year during the

16479: 16388: 15940: 15872: 15534: 15404: 15279: 14048: 13955: 13900: 12828: 12784: 11710: 11305: 11189: 11171: 10320: 10146: 8071: 7538: 7512: 4678: 4544: 4458: 3379: 2875: 2865: 2700: 2659:

In 1517, the then Sharif of Mecca, Barakat bin Muhammad, acknowledged the supremacy of the

2585: 2581: 2478: 2208: 1812: 12974: 10239: 8328: 8049: 7591: 6920:

The history of the medieval world: from the conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade

5261:

Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.

8: 16433: 15274: 15254: 15194: 14653: 14283: 14159: 14053: 13869: 13308: 13105: 12948: 12865: 12638: 11739: 11683: 11478: 11146: 10788: 10011: 9706: 9376: 9158: 9135: 8353:

Islam in an Era of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia

5811: 5002: 4913: 4892: 4776: 3408: 3373: 2822: 2648: 2458: 1560: 1397: 1155: 1051: 685: 585: 10644: 10570: 7641: 7357: 16117: 15989: 15847: 15726: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15474: 15199: 14719: 14689: 14450: 14364: 14295: 14205: 14141: 13949: 13925: 13602: 13580: 13540: 13382: 13285: 13236: 13202: 13093: 12806: 12096: 12065: 11538: 11184: 10936: 10758: 10080: 9208: 6983: 6854: 6846: 6712: 6636: 6628: 6318: 5868: 5565: 5541: 5522: 4957: 4817: 3459: 3192: 3167: 2991: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2871: 2744: 2691:

that lasted until 1891 and led on to the present country of Saudi Arabia. In 1853, Sir

2688: 2517: 1874: 1855: 1839: 1075: 1032: 1002: 985: 960: 905: 861: 573: 189: 169: 13448: 12954: 8562: 5706: 2223:, Abraha descended upon Mecca, riding an elephant, with a large army after building a 16279: 15721: 15716: 15479: 15389: 15264: 14884: 14869: 14425: 14420: 14325: 14315: 14305: 13978: 13864: 13816: 13659: 13570: 13273: 13263: 13258: 13248: 13243: 13076: 12718: 12703: 12678: 12552: 11744: 11729: 11665: 11124: 10850: 10435: 10334: 10112: 10092: 10085: 9151: 8887: 8857: 8838: 8795: 8772: 8444: 8357: 8274: 7744: 7734: 7681: 7671: 7572: 7303: 6994: 6924: 6858: 6746: 6716: 6659: 6640: 6576: 6510: 6472: 6406: 6341: 6322: 6267: 6257: 6227: 6167: 6101: 6032: 6002: 5991: 5969: 5931: 5883: 5846: 5815: 5784: 5742: 5692: 5610: 5576: 5356: 5328: 5308: 5278: 5250: 5144: 4962: 4590: 4543:

In pre-modern Mecca, the most common sports were impromptu wrestling and foot races.

4518: 4270:, which was established in 1949 as a college and became a public university in 1981. 4223: 4185: 4104: 4057: 4006: 2664: 2660: 2565: 2557: 2365: 2361: 2291: 2224: 2177: 2102: 2083: 1847: 1784: 1602: 1590:

is the familiar form of the English transliteration for the Arabic name of the city.

1116: 1080: 1027: 940: 900: 762: 440: 8718: 7231: 7013: 2663:

but retained a great degree of local autonomy. In 1803 the city was captured by the

2251:'s birth. Abraha allegedly sent a messenger named Muhammad ibn Khuza'i to Mecca and 16499: 15994: 15736: 15304: 15259: 15029: 14989: 14864: 14455: 14440: 14190: 13895: 13617: 13555: 13545: 13535: 13520: 13268: 13171: 13143: 13031: 12958: 12524: 12124: 12117: 12037: 11796: 11724: 11671: 11579: 11399: 10986: 10725: 10668: 10526: 10454: 10315: 9860: 9710: 9685: 9643: 9317: 9176: 7161: 6838: 6620: 6308: 6298: 6219: 6214: 6093: 5915: 4609: 4548: 4430: 4189: 3453: 3284: 3120: 3051:

There is a difference of opinion between Islamic scholars upon who first built the

2764: 2542: 2421:) is believed to stand on the spot where Muhammad was born, so it is also known as 2244: 2192: 2118: 1994: 1968: 1766: 1708: 1594: 1502: 1498: 1381: 1338: 1334: 1268: 1181: 925: 920: 871: 856: 841: 750: 629: 344: 340: 145: 8490: 7086: 7036: 2082:

Sometime in the 5th century, the Ka'bah was a place of worship for the deities of

1676:

was "an arabized Hebrew word, one of the names of Mecca mentioned in the Torah."

1279:. With over 10.8 million international visitors in 2023, Mecca was one of the ten 15731: 15574: 15449: 14959: 14381: 14078: 14023: 13823: 13509: 13469: 13358: 13314: 13088: 12683: 12314: 12075: 12031: 11161: 10845: 10547: 10459: 9940: 9763: 9611: 9294: 9258: 8977: 8569: 8497: 8212: 8194: 7878: 7598: 7461: 7396: 7390: 7377: 7331: 7176: 7043: 7020: 6704: 5927: 5842: 5736: 5517: 5478: 5453:

have estimated that as many as 95 percent of the historic sites around Mecca and

5450: 5024: 4981: 4952: 4826:

season. It consists of nine stations, three in each of the aforementioned towns.

4686: 4665:

Telecommunications in the city were emphasized early under the Saudi reign. King

4616:. During the Hashemite period, it was used to print the city's official gazette, 4302: 4263: 3437: 3387: 3352: 3340: 3236: 3056: 2879: 2838: 2307:

could have caused such a failed invasion of Mecca. The reference to the story in

2287: 2176:

By the middle of the 6th century, there were three major settlements in northern

2142: 2098: 1933: 1667: 1651: 1551: 1393: 1060: 876: 836: 825: 807: 710: 655: 568: 183: 125: 10060: 5378:"Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower" 4820:

in the city to reduce congestion on the road and is only operational during the

2878:, claiming the Saudi royal family no longer represented pure Islam and that the 16454: 15962: 15174: 15149: 15129: 15084: 14806: 14679: 14628: 14577: 14493: 14210: 14063: 13905: 13607: 12938: 12811: 12772: 12713: 12631: 12177: 12145: 12105: 11972: 11963: 11734: 11719: 11658: 11375: 11295: 11236: 10905: 10753: 10531: 10270: 10243: 10219: 10054: 10038: 9891: 9850: 9822: 9789: 9716: 9633: 9621: 9599: 9583: 9424: 8973:

Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Makkahh, by Richard Burton

8822: 8415: 8186: 7707: 7564: 6575:. Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University. pp. 3 ff. 6081: 5957: 5903: 4947: 4936: 4535:, and traveling to Jeddah just to get a taste of the fried chicken was common. 4487: 4207: 3471: 3418: 3328: 3321: 3134: 2928: 2597: 2512: 2423: 2345: 2329: 2295: 2060:

There were also some other inscriptions which contained personal names such as

1972: 1929: 1862: 1829: 1821: 1788: 1734: 1389: 1213: 1148: 1020: 1007: 965: 910: 524: 305: 11549: 7685: 7670:. Al-Nawawi, Imam., Muslim, Imam Abul-Husain. La Vergne: Kube Publishing Ltd. 7476:, The Independent, 19 April 2006 | archived from the original on 10 March 2009 7455:'The destruction of Mecca: Saudi hardliners are wiping out their own heritage' 7324: 6842: 6624: 1880:

Codex Ṣanʿāʾ DAM 01–29.1, folio 29a, radiocarbon dated between 633 and 665 CE.

16474: 16448: 15639: 15609: 15339: 15104: 15079: 14396: 14223: 14073: 13612: 13575: 13550: 13387: 12755: 12172: 11884: 11807: 11784: 11229: 10639: 10595: 10536: 10502: 10426: 10325: 10259: 9901: 9870: 9605: 9553: 7748: 7298: 6271: 6231: 6105: 5965: 5919: 5911: 5596: 5497: 4843: 4634: 4570: 3885: 3215: 3183: 3104: 2911: 2907: 2790: 2752: 2710:. Between 1830 and 1930, cholera broke out among pilgrims at Mecca 27 times. 2589: 2525:

Jeddah, and came overland, or joined the annual caravans from Syria or Iraq.

2462: 2443: 2400: 2386: 2290:

and Hudhayl united in the defense of the Ka'bah and the city. A man from the

1998: 1655: 1436: 1373: 1361: 1304: 1274: 1264: 1085: 990: 950: 265: 252: 175: 10957: 10563: 9731: 7774: 7166: 7149: 6831:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

6819:

Jawwad Ali, The Detailed History of Arabs before Islam (1993), Vol. 4, p. 11

6613:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

6303: 6286: 2537:. Muslim rulers did contribute to its upkeep, such as during the reigns of ' 1707:

is considered to be a primate closely related to the common ancestor of the

15681: 15569: 15469: 15349: 15334: 15299: 15179: 15169: 15154: 15094: 15089: 15059: 14984: 14949: 14839: 14684: 14537: 14483: 14408: 14058: 13910: 13788: 13504: 13353: 13338: 13052: 12823: 12794: 12789: 12723: 12656: 12268: 12025: 11611: 11544: 11210: 11167: 10859: 10840: 10835: 10624: 10580: 10075: 9660: 9573: 9327: 9242: 9225: 9117: 9044: 8503: 7145: 6736: 6193: 6146:

A series of essays on the life of Muhammad: and subjects subsidiary thereto

5537:"'Cultural genocide of Islamic heritage' in Saudi Arabia riles Sunni Sufis" 5402: 5348: 4927: 4809: 4711: 4707: 4690: 4585: 4434: 4259: 4231: 4193: 3441: 3383: 3200: 3060: 2853: 2748: 2573: 2521: 2283: 2260: 2256: 2130: 1690: 1598: 1309:("Mountain of Light"), just outside the city, is where Muslims believe the 1253: 1221: 1136: 1092: 829: 561: 550: 293: 159: 15344: 10763: 10281: 9627: 8900:

Watt, W. Montgomery. "Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods."

8769:

What life was like in the lands of the prophet: Islamic world, AD 570–1405

8514: 8295:"After the hajj: Mecca residents grow hostile to changes in the holy city" 7087:"Significance Behind Prophet Mohammad's Birth in the Year of the Elephant" 6223: 6053:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Maacah, Maacah, Macoraba" 5031: 16112: 15559: 15319: 15294: 15239: 15229: 15069: 15054: 15049: 15014: 14969: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14844: 14035: 13525: 13433: 13333: 13220: 12886: 12801: 12777: 12765: 12458: 12251: 12006: 11948: 11937: 11571: 11531: 11472: 11338: 11327: 11323: 10865: 10778: 10773: 9361: 8945: 8879: 6287:"The Population Size of Muḥammad's Mecca and the Creation of the Quraysh" 4835: 4632:. However, other Saudi newspapers are also provided in Mecca such as the 4481: 4219: 3332: 3078: 3034: 2732: 2629: 2614: 2435: 2259:, the people of the lowland, knowing what he had come for, sent a man of 2196: 2185: 2181: 2114: 2110: 1450:

Mecca has been referred to by many names. As with many Arabic words, its

1407: 888: 846: 770: 15650: 10154: 9956: 9383: 7313:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 952. 7190: 6691: 6679: 6632: 5126: 3100: 15604: 15429: 15374: 15369: 15324: 15314: 15284: 15269: 15134: 15119: 15114: 15074: 15064: 15004: 14999: 14964: 14954: 14944: 14939: 14924: 14894: 14834: 14829: 14739: 14338: 13420: 13377: 13348: 12833: 12818: 11987: 11867: 11771: 11762: 11346: 10993: 10946: 10830: 10511: 10264: 9337: 8834: 8533: 6340:. Independently Published (published 17 March 2020). pp. 146–149. 6313: 6212:

Laursen, Lucas (2010). "Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor".

6119: 6097: 5765: 4813: 4751: 4697:

and various cable, satellite and other specialty television providers.

4640: 4581: 4474: 4466: 4442: 4438: 4227: 3344: 3196: 2982: 2600: 2593: 2447: 2341: 2269: 2216: 2150: 2014: 2006: 1843: 1780: 1613:

Another name used for Mecca in the Quran is at 6:92 where it is called

893: 12283: 10043: 10004: 9344: 9167: 8864: 6850: 6189:"Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate" 2157:. Mecca's prominence as a trading center also surpassed the cities of 1883:

Codex Arabe 331, folio 40 v, radiocarbon dated between 652 and 765 CE.

1435:, even though Jeddah is considerably larger in population than Mecca. 15444: 15379: 15359: 15289: 15184: 15144: 15124: 15109: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15024: 15019: 14994: 14929: 14914: 14849: 14800: 14043: 13474: 13416: 13363: 13231: 12978: 12546: 12536: 12224: 11676: 11487: 11413: 11259: 11047: 10916: 10617: 10601: 9946: 9593: 9281: 9230: 9094: 6360:

Holland, Tom; In the Shadow of the Sword; Little, Brown; 2012; p. 471

5434: 5412: 4454: 3263:, a 200 km (124 mi) wide strip of mountains separating the 3170:, also known as the Grand Mosque of Mecca, during the Hajj pilgrimage 3084: 3052: 2974:

on Monday, 2 August 2027, for a duration of 5 minutes and 8 seconds.

2902: 2687:. In 1818, the Saud were defeated again but survived and founded the 2603: 2534: 2491: 2487: 2469: 2451: 2220: 2170: 2138: 2074:

suggested that there's also a probability of a tribe named "Makkah".

1835: 1776: 1699: 1689:

In 2010, Mecca and the surrounding area became an important site for

1451: 1386:

destruction of several historical structures and archaeological sites

1298: 792: 476: 12241: 5870:

Muhammad and Jesus: a comparison of the prophets and their teachings

5353:

Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam

2683:. Muhammad Ali Pasha successfully returned Mecca to Ottoman control 1442:

has been the provincial governor of the province since 16 May 2007.

15877: 15619: 15584: 15529: 15514: 15494: 15419: 15414: 15364: 15354: 15204: 15009: 14979: 14974: 14889: 14669: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14597: 14386: 13882: 13740: 13692: 13486: 13392: 13343: 13071: 12693: 12688: 12448: 12288: 12273: 11562: 11244: 11084: 11073: 11066: 10855: 10703: 10682: 10310: 10204: 10129: 9804: 9469: 9431: 9237: 8870: 8079:

Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world

7258:"The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Black Death)" 5636:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia. 28 May 2015. Archived from 5446: 4628: 4618: 4425:

Year-round, pilgrims stream into the city to perform the rites of '

3264: 3255:. Haram is visible in the center while Mina is visible in the east. 3029: 2924: 2740: 2617: 2561: 2357: 2304: 2248: 2146: 2106: 2087: 2037: 2021: 2002: 1943:

In the Islamic view, the beginnings of Mecca are attributed to the

1888: 1850:

of the south supports the Arabic sources tradition that associates

1765:

Possible earlier mentions are not unambiguous. The Greek historian

1494: 1432: 1369: 1294: 1102: 1070: 784: 718: 14761: 12968: 8349: 6031:(Illustrated ed.). University of Minnesota Press. p. 6. 2580:

and the Zubayrids. The city was twice besieged by the Umayyads in

2457:

in 610 CE, according to Islamic tradition. Advocating his form of

16393: 16127: 15634: 15629: 15594: 15589: 15564: 15549: 15544: 15524: 15504: 15499: 15464: 15399: 15244: 15189: 15164: 15139: 15099: 14934: 14919: 14874: 14859: 14854: 14744: 14724: 14714: 14709: 14674: 14401: 13997: 13685: 13565: 13443: 13438: 13425: 13409: 13402: 13397: 13129: 12918: 12733: 12698: 12514: 12309: 11813: 11626: 11583: 11512: 11507: 11444: 11379: 11365: 11267: 10922: 10911: 10710: 10673: 10403: 10347: 10253: 9864: 9836: 9689: 9647: 9563: 9500: 9451: 9372: 8865:

Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E., eds. (2008). "Makkah".

8024:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020" 7871: 7796: 7413: 7110: 5958:

Ham, Anthony; Brekhus Shams, Martha & Madden, Andrew (2004).

5735:

Versteegh, Kees (2008). C.H.M. Versteegh; Kees Versteegh (eds.).

4524: 4462: 4234:

travel has increased the number of pilgrims participating in the

3430: 3268: 3232: 2727:

Hashemite Revolt and subsequent control by the Sharifate of Mecca

2704: 2669: 2637: 2569: 2454: 2439: 2337: 2265: 2252: 2162: 2129:

had been increasing. Another previous route that ran through the

2122: 2025: 2017: 1960: 1952: 1854:

as a branch of the Ma'add and Muhammad as a direct descendant of

1851: 1804: 1796: 1694: 1663: 1659: 1639: 1575: 1517:, among others. It was a name for the city in the ancient world. 1233: 935: 612: 450: 8185:

Statistical information department of the ministry of education:

7895: 7129:

This elephant was called Mahmud and it was sent to Abrahah from

5707:"Prince Khalid Al Faisal appointed as governor of Makkah region" 5076:"The History of Kaaba Construction and Its Renovation Over Time" 4871:

line entered operation, connecting the holy cities of Mecca and

1922: 16299: 15624: 15614: 15539: 15519: 15509: 15489: 15484: 15454: 15424: 15394: 15384: 15234: 14879: 14734: 14694: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14592: 14587: 14572: 14562: 13915: 13889: 13848: 13809: 13726: 13639: 13560: 13462: 13372: 13303: 13298: 13065: 12989: 12708: 12557: 12432: 12304: 12219: 12138: 12080: 11896: 11890: 11596: 11422: 11407: 11204: 11156: 11093: 11061: 10974: 10884: 10819: 10715: 10463: 10444: 10339: 10305: 9950: 9919: 9896: 9767: 9675: 9567: 9439: 9275: 9218: 9198: 9140: 9127: 9112: 8162:"MODON begins handover of 45 mln sqm industrial city in Makkah" 7668:

Sahih Muslim (Volume 2) With the Full Commentary by Imam Nawawi

6471:. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press. pp. 53–55. 5474:"Mecca for the rich: Islam's holiest site 'turning into Vegas'" 5454: 4888: 4876: 4872: 4780: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4732: 4674: 4532: 4528: 4495: 4477: 4197: 3272: 3108: 3088: 2995: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2799: 2474: 2431: 2316: 2275: 2166: 2134: 2126: 2041: 1980: 1911: 1869:

Mecca is mentioned in the following early Quranic manuscripts:

1750: 1746: 1631: 1483: 1477: 1249: 1245: 1229: 955: 945: 734: 702: 694: 679: 673: 557: 481: 11304:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 8101:"How important is the Umrah pilgrimage for the Saudi economy?" 7616:"Over 700 Dead, 800 Injured in Stampede Near Mecca During Haj" 7430: 6507:

Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, volume 1, part 1

2718: 2520:

grew, Mecca continued to attract pilgrims from all across the

2117:

from dangerous sea routes to more secure overland routes. The

1967:. The civilization of Mecca is believed to have started after 1644:. According to an Islamic suggestion, another name for Mecca, 1286:

Mecca is generally considered "the fountainhead and cradle of

16378: 15459: 15439: 15409: 14749: 14729: 14704: 14699: 14648: 14567: 14164: 13989: 13943: 13931: 13733: 13719: 13678: 13455: 13293: 13150: 13136: 13057: 13020: 12913: 12760: 12478: 12133: 12110: 12088: 11878: 11872: 11842: 11524: 11426: 11249: 11222: 11108: 10979: 10891: 10663: 10575: 10481: 10199: 10182: 9911: 9854: 9826: 9749: 9735: 9720: 9696: 9670: 9637: 9615: 9587: 9511: 9481: 9474: 9465: 9456: 9305: 9263: 9058: 9009: 7130: 7115:. Translated by Abū Rumaysah. Islamic Network. Archived from 5902: 5220:"Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…" 4788: 4511: 4426: 3347:. The project encompassed the construction of an underground 3296: 3260: 3147: 3083:

The Black Stone is a stone, considered by scientists to be a

3065: 3046: 3023: 3006: 2834: 2768: 2495: 2308: 2279: 2243:. It gained widespread fame, even gaining attention from the 2236: 2228: 2212: 2158: 2094: 2090: 1986: 1976: 1956: 1817: 1749:, and Muhammad’s own household. Al-Ateeqi, a researcher from 1725: 1572: 1491: 1461: 1357: 1348: 1330: 1310: 1287: 1217: 1097: 975: 666: 624: 617: 540: 532: 348: 129: 8711:"Saudi Arabia's Haramain High-Speed Railway opens to public" 8563:"The Roads and Ports Sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" 7302: 5567:

The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places

4249:. It covers an area of 45 square kilometres (11,000 acres). 3211: 3027:) and the walking between the two mounts of Safa and Marwa ( 2482:

Quraysh. Subsequently, Muslims and Meccans entered into the

2328:

Mecca to be loaded on the caravans and carried to cities in

2005::3–6 as a reference to Mecca, similar to the Quran at Surah 16107: 15579: 15434: 14557: 13830: 13802: 13752: 13699: 13644: 13157: 12907: 12278: 12202: 11833: 11616: 11289: 11078: 10968: 10952: 10497: 10209: 9915: 9874: 9745: 9700: 9557: 9406: 9310: 8877: 8325:"Saudi embassy warns against entry of non-Muslims in Mecca" 7642:"Total Solar Eclipse on August 2, 2027: Path Map and Times" 7464:, The Independent, 6 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2011 6256:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. 4822: 4784: 4646: 4569:

Adorning the southern facade of the Masjid al-Haram is the

4555:

is the largest stadium in Mecca with a capacity of 38,000.

4235: 3142: 3002: 2987: 2932: 2898:

Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia

2830: 2772: 2553: 2538: 2500: 2333: 2312: 2240: 2141:

rivers was also being threatened by exploitations from the

1948: 1712: 1402: 1259: 1196: 1190: 726: 634: 7133:, the king of Abyssinia, particularly for this expedition. 5834: 4247:

Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones

12468: 11862: 11644: 9048: 8445:"Sir Richard Francis Burton: A Pilgrimage to Mecca, 1853" 8434:, Sikh University Press, (2010–2012), vol. 1, pp. 181–182 8226:"A new National Geographic Special on PBS 'Inside Mecca'" 7048:

Yemen: 3000 Years of Art and Civilisation in Arabia Felix

6570: 5738:

Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics, Volume 4

2870:

On 20 November 1979, two hundred armed dissidents led by

2549: 1520: 7488:"How Saudi Arabia obliterated its rich cultural history" 5511:

Islamic Pilgrims Bring Cosmopolitan Air to Unlikely City

4418:

and many work to support pilgrims, known locally as the

1842:

tribe possessed the coast of western Arabia between the

8124:

World Book Encyclopedia. 2003 edition. Volume M. p. 353

4863:

In 2018, a high speed intercity rail line, part of the

4429:, and during the last weeks of eleventh Islamic month, 2215:

history for the year approximately equating to 570–572

2169:. The tribes of southern Arabia asked the Persian king 1910:

Mecca mentioned in Quranic manuscript Codex Arabe 331 (

1769:

writes about Arabia in the 1st century BCE in his work

1718: 1313:

was first revealed to Muhammad. Visiting Mecca for the

27:

Holiest city in Islam, Saudi Arabian provincial capital

11139:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 7111:ʿAbdu r-Rahmān ibn Nāsir as-Saʿdī (23 December 2009). 6798:

Intertwined Worlds: Medieval Islam and Bible Criticism

4308:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْمَلِك عَبْد ٱلْعَزِيْز بِحَي ٱلـزَّاهِر 1290:". Mecca is revered in Islam as the birthplace of the 507: 6892:"Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods", 4846:

system for the city. This will be in addition to the

2654:

Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage

2623: 2351: 1193: 11837:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 8530:"Saudi terminal can receive 3,800 pilgrims per hour" 7450: 7448: 5693:"Who's Who: Saleh Al-Turki, the new mayor of Makkah" 4995: 4903: 3401: 3366: 1936:, and related religious sites, such as Jabal al-Nour 1887:

The earliest Muslim inscriptions are from the Mecca-

1671: 1645: 1637: 1629: 1614: 1566: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1521: 1512: 1506: 1484: 1468: 1455: 1424: 1414: 1346: 1324: 1314: 1302: 1272: 1257: 455: 95: 8851: 7113:"Tafsir of Surah al Fil – The Elephant (Surah 105)" 7037:"Outline of the History of Ancient Southern Arabia" 6573:

Sales and Contracts in Early Islamic Commercial Law

5803: 5776: 5634:"Mayor of Makkah Receives Malaysian Consul General" 4449:Non-Muslims are not permitted to enter Mecca under 2511:

Muhammad then returned to Medina, after assigning '

1187: 1184: 9007: 8583:"Makkah building eight tunnels to ease congestion" 8072:"Klimatafel von Mekka (al-Makkah) / Saudi-Arabien" 6982: 6024: 5990: 5867: 5865: 5564: 4626:. Mecca also has its own paper owned by the city, 4179:Pilgrims are the driving force of Mecca's economy. 3009:and for its status as the birthplace of Muhammad. 2802:(approx. 70 km away) internationally and the 1971:(Abraham) left his son Ismāʿīl (Ishmael) and wife 8187:Statistical summary for education in Saudi Arabia 8002:Permaculture Design: Tools for Climate Resilience 7445: 7144: 6382:Jan Retsö, The Arabs in Antiquity (2003), 295–300 6254:Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land 6159: 6142: 5924:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions 5760: 5758: 3072: 2817:in the east and Highway 15, which connects it to 2806:(approx. 120 km away) for domestic flights. 1979:'s command. Some people from the Yemeni tribe of 1670:, the 12th-century Syrian geographer, wrote that 1593:Macoraba, another ancient city name mentioned by 16446: 11447:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 10035:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 8926:. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (online). 2007 8741:"Al Rajhi wins Makkah – Madinah civils contract" 8413: 8136:"Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca" 8048:. Jeddah Regional Climate Center. Archived from 7733:. London: The British Museum. pp. 176–178. 7474:'Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca' 6742:Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources 6405:. Princeton University Press. pp. 134–135. 5730: 5728: 5320: 4608:The first press was brought to Mecca in 1885 by 2962:during the stoning-the-Devil ritual at Jamarat. 2528: 2442:. It was in the nearby mountain cave of Hira on 2070:, "Makkan, of Makkah"), but Jawwad Ali from the 2040:inscriptions which were discovered in the south 1454:is obscure. Widely believed to be a synonym for 8821: 8268: 7429:. Doubleday(US). 28 August 2007. Archived from 6400: 5734: 4735:for international and regional connections and 4657:in addition to other international newspapers. 3203:for various rituals that are part of the Hajj. 3191:, pilgrims also must visit the nearby towns of 1993:Muslims see the mention of a pilgrimage at the 1248:and Jeddah. Around 44.5% of the population are 8684:"High speed stations for a high speed railway" 8138:. London: The Independent (UK). Archived from 6916: 6425: 5783:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 22–25. 5755: 5467: 5465: 4763:, connecting it to the important port city of 2919:that have been destroyed include the house of 2282:with a large army, which included one or more 1666:and the site where Ishmael settled was Mecca. 1636:. Another name used historically for Mecca is 1364:. The city was most recently conquered in the 15666: 14786: 14520: 13005: 12639: 8993: 8350:Robert W. Hefner; Patricia Horvatich (1997). 8327:. ABS-CBN News. 14 March 2006. Archived from 7844:"In the Shade of the Message and Prophethood" 7755: 7665: 7214: 7212: 6959: 6957: 6828: 6338:Makkah at the Time of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) 5725: 5558: 5556: 5307:. Global Vision Publishing Ho. pp. 26–. 5304:Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith 3283:is the Ibrahim al-Khalil Street, named after 2412:Bayt al-Mawlid / Makkah Al Mukarramah Library 2219:, when, according to Islamic sources such as 1571:is used to refer to the city in the Quran in 1156: 9107:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 8705: 8703: 8676: 8654: 8652: 8617: 8356:. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 198. 7929: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7692: 6153: 5741:(Illustrated ed.). Brill. p. 513. 5621:Mecca, like Medina, is closed to non-Muslims 5247:The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950 4944:where Muhammad is believed to have been born 4388: 4376: 4364: 4352: 4340: 4328: 4316: 4290: 4278: 4241:A new industrial city is being developed in 2950:either suffocated or trampled to death in a 2927:, Muhammad's birthplace and the Ottoman-era 2739:. It had successfully repulsed an attack on 2097:, which had been placed there by the ruling 2065: 2049: 2044:contained names of some individuals such as 1620: 1333:, believed by Muslims to have been built by 1319:is an obligation upon all able Muslims. The 1228:. It is 70 km (43 mi) inland from 462: 102: 73: 61: 16076:Council of Economic and Development Affairs 7722: 7024:Dictionary of African Christian Biographies 6980: 6942: 6940: 6284: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6149:. London: Trübner & co. pp. 74–76. 5770: 5462: 4783:. While in the south, it connects Mecca to 4391:مُسْتَشْفَى ابْن سِيْنَا بِحَدَاء / بَحْرَه 15673: 15659: 14793: 14779: 14527: 14513: 13012: 12998: 12646: 12632: 11465:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 10779:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 10581:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 9959:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 9000: 8986: 8884:The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History 8867:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa 8852:Bosworth, C. Edmund, ed. (2007). "Mecca". 7209: 6954: 6923:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 243. 6898: 6783:Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World, 6696: 6538: 6354: 6138: 6136: 6020: 6018: 5906:; Warmind, Morten; Hawley, John Stratton; 5835:Glassé, Cyril & Smith, Huston (2003). 5828: 5797: 5553: 5395: 5324:What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an 4558: 2552:, the fourth caliph, took power and chose 2533:Mecca was never the capital of any of the 2184:and a position at the crossroads of major 1376:, the world's fourth-tallest building and 1163: 1149: 15680: 9326: 8700: 8649: 8593: 8522: 8480:. General Authority for Statistics. 2016. 7910: 7347: 7174: 7165: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6729: 6595: 6466: 6335: 6312: 6302: 6075: 6073: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5859: 5300: 5272: 5249:. Harvard University Press. p. 173. 5140:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary 4355:مَدِيْنَة ٱلْمَلِك عَبْد ٱلله ٱلطِّبِيَّة 4293:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْمَلِك فَيْصَل بِحَي ٱلشّشه 2780:Saudi Arabian conquest and modern history 2735:, the Ottoman Empire was at war with the 2113:, since battles elsewhere were diverting 1242:third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia 8968:Saudi Information Resource – Holy Makkah 8909:Winder, R.B. "Makka – The Modern City." 8733: 8660:"Jeddah and Makkah metro plans approved" 7995: 7394:Saturday 25 November 1916, reprinted in 7297: 6937: 6238: 5876:Continuum International Publishing Group 5652: 5595: 4755:3rd Ring Road passing through Kudai Area 4750: 4505: 4206: 4174: 3315: 3246: 3239:in Islamic tradition) at the age of 40. 3210: 3099: 2981: 2977: 2901: 2717: 2647: 2373: 2311:is rather short. According to the 105th 8672:from the original on 24 September 2015. 8601:"Hajj pilgrims take the metro to Mecca" 8258:. Vol. 23. 2007. pp. 698–699. 7563: 7403: 7282: 6653: 6211: 6201:from the original on 27 September 2016. 6133: 6015: 5661:"The Growing Pains of the Ancient Hajj" 5602:What everyone needs to know about Islam 4603: 14: 16447: 12964: 10289:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 10175:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 9979: 8513:. Elabdar Architecture. Archived from 8133: 7867: 7865: 7838: 7836: 7728: 7622:from the original on 25 September 2015 7513:"What is the Hajj? ("Hajj disasters")" 7485: 7029: 6969: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6801:. Princeton University Press. pp.61–62 6780:Crone, Patricia and Cook, M.A. (1977) 6702: 6504: 6251: 6186: 6079: 6070: 5944: 5807:Encyclopedic dictionary of archaeology 5571:. Princeton University Press. p. 5562: 5471: 5143:. Merriam-Webster. 2001. p. 724. 5040: 5011: 3033:). The masjid is also the site of the 1380:, towering over the Great Mosque. The 15654: 14774: 14508: 14250: 14018: 13634: 12993: 12627: 12057: 11645:Events, incidents, occasions or times 11643: 11032: 10368: 10024:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 9978: 9752:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 9533: 9033: 9020: 8981: 8816:Timeline of Mecca § Bibliography 8540:from the original on 8 November 2014. 8244: 8038: 7400:Friday 25 November 2016 issue (p. 36) 7195: 7026:. 2007. (last accessed 11 April 2007) 6735: 6610: 6529: 6130:AlSahib, AlMuheet fi Allughah, p. 303 5713:from the original on 30 December 2007 5658: 5375: 4343:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْوِلَادَة وَٱلْأَطْفَال 3059:while others believe it was built by 2954:. On 24 September 2015, 700 pilgrims 2923:, the wife of Muhammad, the house of 2892:Destruction of Islamic heritage sites 2755:conspired with the Ottoman governor, 2467:) in 622 CE with his companions, the 2446:that Muhammad began receiving divine 1826:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 14019: 13635: 12944: 11976:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 10455:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 8854:Historic Cities of the Islamic World 8572:. saudia-online.com. 5 November 2001 8305:from the original on 24 October 2016 8064: 7825:. islamonline.com. 5 December 2007. 7700:"Maqam Ibrahim (Station of Abraham)" 7519:from the original on 24 January 2009 7007: 5988: 5918:; Campo, Juan; Penner, Hans (1999). 5472:Taylor, Jerome (24 September 2011). 5449:, were demolished under Saudi rule. 5347: 5244: 4881:King Abdulaziz International Airport 4729:King Abdulaziz International Airport 4575:third-largest building by floor area 2796:King Abdulaziz International Airport 2613:and centered in eastern Arabia. The 2344:. Other regional powers such as the 2077: 1719:Early history (up to 6th century CE) 39:City in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia 16495:Provincial capitals of Saudi Arabia 8251:"Makkah al-Mukarramah and Medina". 8081:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst 8026:. World Meteorological Organization 7894:. Holymakkah.gov.sa. Archived from 7862: 7833: 7336:Library of Congress Country Studies 7238:from the original on 17 August 2010 6879: 5993:Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia 5709:. Saudi Press Agency. 16 May 2007. 5503: 5028: 4985: 4339:Maternity and Children's Hospital ( 4306: 3485:Climate data for Mecca (1991-2020) 3391: 3356: 3327:Due to Mecca's climatic conditions 3311: 3055:, some believe it was built by the 2066: 1697:evolution, with the discovery of a 1605:root M-K-R-B which means "temple". 1555: 389:1,200 km (500 sq mi) 103: 74: 62: 24: 16490:Populated places in Mecca Province 8809: 8753:from the original on 19 June 2010. 8696:from the original on 19 June 2010. 8609:. 15 November 2010. Archived from 8451:from the original on 12 April 2010 8232:from the original on 15 April 2010 7829:from the original on 22 July 2011. 7486:Bsheer, Rosie (20 December 2020). 6786:Cambridge University Press. p. 22. 6571:Abdullah Alwi Haji Hassan (1994). 6546:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 6493:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 6403:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 5896: 5486:from the original on 16 June 2017. 5441:, such as the homes and graves of 4319:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلنُّوْر ٱلتَّخَصُّصِي 4252: 3175: 3012: 2652:Panorama of Mecca, 1845, from the 2624:Ibn Battuta's description of Mecca 2494:and rededicated to the worship of 2352:Muhammad and the conquest of Mecca 1360:region, the city has seen several 25: 16511: 16460:Burial sites of the House of Saud 15863:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques 12001:('Before the rising of the Sun') 8956: 8717:. 11 October 2018. Archived from 7545:from the original on 10 June 2009 7380:. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 7325:The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam 6768:Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts 6709:The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam 5841:(Revised, illustrated ed.). 5423:from the original on 26 June 2020 4717: 4695:Arab Radio and Television Network 4598: 4154:, Jeddah Regional Climate Center 4152:World Meteorological Organization 3128: 2751:. The British intelligence agent 2713: 2203:The Year of the Elephant (570 CE) 2145:, and was being disrupted by the 1838:' 6th century statement that the 1505:and it is also transliterated as 1497:(3), verse 96: "Indeed the first 1408:prohibited from entering the city 397:760 km (290 sq mi) 208:Mecca governorate (green) within 15755: 14801: 14536: 14489: 14488: 14477: 13998:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 13188:Timeline of the history of Islam 13019: 12973: 12963: 12953: 12943: 12934: 12933: 12892:Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro 12882:Haramain High Speed Rail Project 12732: 12655: 12168:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 10604:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 8575: 8556: 8544: 8484: 8463: 8437: 8424: 8407: 8377: 8343: 8317: 8287: 8262: 8218: 8199: 8179: 8154: 8134:Howden, Daniel (19 April 2006). 8127: 8115: 8093: 8016: 7996:Millison, Andrew (August 2019). 7989: 7964: 7939: 7884: 7815: 7801:General Authority for Statistics 7789: 7659: 7634: 7608: 7585: 7557: 7531: 7505: 7479: 7467: 6166:. SUNY Press. pp. 65, 205. 5376:Bayat, Ehsan (28 January 2021). 5200:from the original on 31 May 2022 5048: 4920: 4906: 4865:Haramain High Speed Rail Project 4848:Al Masha'er Al Muqaddassah Metro 4806:Al Masha'er Al Muqaddassah Metro 4800:Al Masha'er Al Muqaddassah Metro 4794: 3155: 3095: 1921: 1903: 1482:The Quran refers to the city as 1180: 1130: 539: 371: • Provincial Governor 286: 227: 220: 202: 182: 168: 152: 138: 118: 16030:General Intelligence Presidency 14349:List of ex-Muslim organisations 11810:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 11215:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 10571:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 9245:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 8761: 8206:"المستشفيات – قائمة المستشفيات" 8046:"Climate Data for Saudi Arabia" 7539:"History of deaths on the Hajj" 7419: 7383: 7364: 7341: 7317: 7291: 7276: 7250: 7224: 7183: 7148:, Hubbard E, Cathey JT (2015). 7138: 7104: 7079: 7053: 6910: 6865: 6822: 6813: 6804: 6789: 6774: 6759: 6684: 6672: 6647: 6604: 6589: 6564: 6551: 6523: 6509:. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 163. 6498: 6485: 6460: 6419: 6394: 6385: 6376: 6363: 6329: 6278: 6205: 6180: 6124: 6112: 6045: 5982: 5699: 5685: 5626: 5589: 5545:. 11 April 2013. Archived from 5529: 5490: 5369: 5341: 5294: 5266: 5238: 4771:and the other major port city, 4767:in the west and the capital of 4410:List of neighbourhoods in Mecca 4403: 3206: 2370:List of expeditions of Muhammad 2024:, the eldest son of Ismāʿīl or 1565:'Makkah the Honored'). 1508:Baca, Baka, Bakah, Bakka, Becca 1226:holiest city according to Islam 11114:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 11007:at the time of Abraham and Lot 10471:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 10138:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 9630:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 9034: 9021: 8950:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 8886:. Princeton University Press. 8788:A History of Islamic Societies 8633:. 24 June 2009. Archived from 8625:"Mecca metro contracts signed" 7872:http://www.witness-pioneer.org 6369:Translated by C.H. Oldfather, 5273:Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). 5212: 5182: 5157: 5131: 5119: 5094: 5068: 5018: 4975: 3476:Intertropical Convergence Zone 3226: 3073:Hajr-e-Aswad (The Black Stone) 2849:near Rabigh within two hours. 2504:), one of the Islamic faith's 2121:had previously controlled the 2101:tribe. and remained until the 1608: 13: 1: 16020:Chairman of the General Staff 11033: 8746:Railway Gazette International 8689:Railway Gazette International 8665:Railway Gazette International 8630:Railway Gazette International 8606:Railway Gazette International 8103:. TRT World. 27 February 2020 7803:(in Arabic). 17 December 2015 7416:. (Archived) 1 November 2009. 7260:. Ucalgary.ca. Archived from 6658:. Darwin Press. p. 565. 6656:Seeing Islam as others saw it 6371:Diodorus Of Sicily, Volume II 5838:The new encyclopedia of Islam 5659:Stone, Dan (3 October 2014). 5417:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 5275:Literary History Of The Arabs 5061: 4891:. The railway consists of 35 4660: 4379:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْكَامِل ٱلْعَام 4315:Al Noor Specialist Hospital ( 4220:corrugated iron manufacturing 3302: 2529:Medieval and pre-modern times 1873:Codex Is. 1615 I, folio 47v, 1811:(great). The Roman historian 1803:followed by the aggrandizing 1758:, had as many as 100 slaves. 1684: 1353:) for all Muslims worldwide. 1345:and the direction of prayer ( 445:2,427,924 (Mecca Governorate) 327: 228: 14334:Apostasy in Islam by country 14201:Liberalism and progressivism 12670: 11906:(The Afternoon or the Night) 11804:12 months: Four holy months 11356:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 10949:(s) or People of the Injil) 10287:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 9816:names and titles of Muhammad 9534: 9061:found in the Quran, such as 8831:Urban Form in the Arab World 8785: 7881:. Retrieved 3 February 2013. 7605:. Retrieved 3 February 2013. 7571:. Granta Books. p. 10. 7218: 6963: 6904: 6795:Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava (1992). 6596:Bowersock, Glen. W. (2017). 6187:Sample, Ian (14 July 2010). 6028:Capital cities of Arab Islam 5804:Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). 5777:Peterson, Daniel C. (2007). 5403:"Wahhābī (Islamic movement)" 5038:Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: 5009:Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: 5007:'Makkah the Noble', 4858: 4351:King Abdullah Medical City ( 4163:(sunshine hours, 1986–2000) 3290: 3242: 2473:, to Yathrib (later renamed 2379:Makkah Al Mukarramah Library 1523:Makkah, Makkah al-Mukarramah 1445: 1419:in Arabic) appointed by the 1406:). Non-Muslims are strictly 128:(Great Mosque of Mecca) and 7: 16262:Water supply and sanitation 16091:History of the oil industry 15958:Mutaween (religious police) 15330:Ash Shuhada' ash Shamaliyah 11675:(Flood of the Great Dam of 9996:Adam's immediate relatives 8273:. Bloomsbury. p. 257. 7998:"Climate Analogue Examples" 7933:"Makka – The Modern City", 6981:Hajjah Adil, Amina (2002). 6336:Al-Ateeqi, Binimad (2020). 6025:Philip Khûri Hitti (1973). 5997:. Greenwood Press. p. 5866:Phipps, William E. (1999). 5563:Peters, Francis E. (1994). 5032: 4996: 4899: 4885:King Abdullah Economic City 4869:Haramain high-speed railway 4490:is the only province where 4375:Al Kamel General Hospital ( 4367:مُسْتَشْفَى خُلَيْص ٱلْعَام 4212:Hilton Hotels & Resorts 3958:Average precipitation days 3744:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3604:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3402: 3367: 3253:International Space Station 2939:Incidents during pilgrimage 2847:King Abdullah Economic City 2843:Haramain high-speed railway 1672: 1646: 1638: 1630: 1615: 1567: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1522: 1513: 1507: 1485: 1469: 1456: 1425: 1415: 1378:third-largest by floor area 1347: 1325: 1315: 1303: 1273: 1258: 714:("Stories of the Prophets") 456: 434:2,000/km (5,100/sq mi) 96: 10: 16516: 14251: 11882:('Remembrance', including 11528:(literally 'The Barrier') 10556:('Companions of the Wood') 10445:Companions of the Elephant 10394:People of the Burnt Garden 10369: 9758:('Companion of the Whale') 9354:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 8813: 8792:Cambridge University Press 8471:"Demographics Survey 2016" 8432:Sikh History in 10 volumes 7731:The Hajj: collected essays 7285:The Travels of Ibn Battuta 7150:"The Year of the Elephant" 7061:"The Year of the Elephant" 6559:In the Shadow of the Sword 6160:Firestone, Reuven (1990). 6143:Sayyid Aḥmad Khān (1870). 5190:"Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage" 5013:[makːaalmʊkarːama] 4562: 4501: 4407: 4363:Khulais General Hospital ( 4245:district of Makkah by the 4170: 4158: 4149: 3484: 3451: 3447: 3132: 3076: 3044: 2942: 2914:is visible in the skyline. 2895: 2863: 2355: 1787:and the Roman province of 1679: 1475: 1267:, observed in the twelfth 70:Mother of all Settlements 29: 16406: 16364: 16270: 16171: 16162: 16056: 16047: 15980: 15901: 15883:National Security Council 15843: 15839: 15830: 15773: 15764: 15753: 15692: 14825: 14813: 14758: 14662: 14606: 14550: 14543:Main Saudi Arabian cities 14472: 14357: 14324: 14264: 14260: 14246: 14173: 14140: 14112:Geography and cartography 14087: 14034: 14030: 14014: 13840: 13762: 13709: 13658: 13654: 13630: 13500: 13324: 13284: 13167: 13119: 13043: 13039: 13028: 12929: 12900: 12874: 12858: 12842: 12741: 12730: 12689:Muhammad and Muslim state 12669: 12611: 12570: 12498: 12421: 12382: 12331: 12297: 12261: 12234: 12156: 12149:('Mother of the Book(s)') 12064: 12058: 12053: 12019: 11853: 11824: 11793: 11775:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 11753: 11701: 11697: 11650: 11639: 11500: 11389: 11336: 11276: 11121: 11069:, literally 'The Garden') 11039: 11028: 10958:Qissis (Christian priest) 10874: 10810: 10737: 10661: 10492: 10379: 10375: 10364: 10296: 10232: 10163: 10102: 9989: 9985: 9974: 9933: 9884: 9787: 9546: 9542: 9529: 9492: 9449: 9404: 9256: 9187: 9085: 9078: 9074: 9040: 9029: 9016: 9008:People and things in the 8939: 8771:. Time-Life Books. 1999. 8500:– Stadium King Abdul Aziz 8004:. Oregon State University 7541:. BBC. 17 December 2007. 7515:. BBC. 27 December 2006. 7035:Müller, Walter W. (1987) 6843:10.1017/S0041977X00110523 6765:Crown, Alan David (2001) 6745:. Islamic Texts Society. 6625:10.1017/S0041977X0700002X 6467:Bowersock, G. W. (2017). 5516:24 September 2014 at the 5321:Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). 5277:. Routledge. p. 62. 4842:, is a planned four-line 4538: 4390: 4389: 4378: 4377: 4366: 4365: 4354: 4353: 4342: 4341: 4330: 4329: 4318: 4317: 4307: 4301:King Abdulaziz Hospital ( 4292: 4291: 4280: 4279: 4102: 4055: 4004: 3957: 3883: 3813: 3743: 3673: 3603: 3533: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3339:, the wife of the caliph 2945:Incidents during the Hajj 2860:1979 Grand Mosque seizure 2086:. Mecca's most important 2051: 2050: 1975:(Hagar) in the valley at 1650:, is synonymous with the 1622: 1621: 1467: 1440:Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud 1384:has also carried out the 502: 492: 475: 464: 463: 449: 438: 430: 422: 414: 409: 401: 393: 385: 380: 375:Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud 370: 360: 355: 336: 323: 311: 299: 281: 246: 215: 201: 112: 94: 87: 49: 44: 16128:Tadawul (stock exchange) 16123:Supreme Economic Council 16071:Capital Market Authority 16025:General Staff Presidency 15878:Mabahith (secret police) 15210:Ar Rawdah ash Shamaliyah 14431:Islamic view of miracles 11005:Mesopotamian polytheists 10953:Ruhban (Christian monks) 10827:(People of the Verandah) 10704:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 10507:(literally 'The Romans') 10427:Companions of Noah's Ark 10344:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 10273:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 10193:Magicians of the Pharaoh 10095:(Muhammad's adopted son) 9387:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 9171:(fish or whale) of Jonah 8963:Holy Makkah Municipality 8786:Lapidus, Ira M. (1988). 8478:Demographics Survey 2016 8269:Ziauddin Sardar (2014). 8193:22 December 2015 at the 7877:11 November 2010 at the 7046:, in Werner Daum (ed.), 6654:Hoyland, Robert (1997). 6401:Crone, Patricia (1987). 5964:(illustrated ed.). 5874:(Illustrated ed.). 5810:(Illustrated ed.). 5780:Muhammad, prophet of God 5327:. Garant. pp. 61–. 4968: 4850:which carries pilgrims. 4840:Makkah Mass Rail Transit 4746: 4700: 4510:Al-Haram Mosque and the 4437:and backgrounds, mainly 3423:Suleiman the Magnificent 3259:Mecca is located in the 3040: 2970:Mecca will experience a 2966:2027 total solar eclipse 1208:, commonly shortened to 803:Medieval Islamic science 405:277 m (909 ft) 318:Holy Capital Governorate 48: 16010:Strategic Missile Force 15225:Ar Ru'ays, Saudi Arabia 15215:Ar Rayyan, Saudi Arabia 14186:Creationism (evolution) 12488:Forbidden fruit of Adam 11958:('Decline of the Sun') 11846:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 11576:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 11001:at the time of Muhammad 10975:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 10432:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 10328:the companion of Joshua 9162:(female ant) of Solomon 8923:Encyclopædia Britannica 8767: 8491:Asian Football Stadiums 8254:Encyclopædia Britannica 8211:9 February 2015 at the 7460:19 January 2011 at the 7310:Encyclopædia Britannica 7201: 7154:WikiJournal of Medicine 7042:10 October 2014 at the 7019:13 January 2016 at the 6946: 6917:Bauer, S. Wise (2010). 6871: 6561:; Little, Brown; p. 303 6426:Morris, Ian D. (2018). 6304:10.1515/islam-2022-0002 6080:Morris, Ian D. (2018). 5989:Long, David E. (2005). 5607:Oxford University Press 5408:Encyclopædia Britannica 4853: 4559:Architectural landmarks 4551:(established in 1945). 3442:desalination facilities 3251:Mecca as seen from the 3119:which was covered by a 2876:seized the Grand Mosque 2438:in the ruling tribe of 2057:, "Servant of Mecca"). 1366:Saudi conquest of Hejaz 1240:million, making it the 331: 18th century BCE 16465:Capitals of caliphates 14446:Persecution of Muslims 14344:List of former Muslims 13193:Succession to Muhammad 12850:Umm al-Qura University 12100:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 12092:(The Book of Muhammad) 11602:Cave of Seven Sleepers 11425:, literally 'Place of 11313:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 10689:Companions of the Rass 10590:Companions of Muhammad 10436:Companions of the Cave 9371:Angel of the Trumpet ( 8911:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8903:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8568:8 January 2015 at the 8511:"IDEA Center Projects" 8414:Inderjit Singh Jhajj. 8271:Mecca: The Sacred City 7935:Encyclopaedia of Islam 7666:Adil, Salahi. (2019). 7350:"Ludovico di Varthema" 7179:. Cadell. p. 488. 6894:Encyclopaedia of Islam 6703:Glassé, Cyril (1991). 6505:Shahid, Irfan (1995). 6441:: 1–60. Archived from 6252:Peters, F. E. (1994). 5500:(24 June 2010), Cairo. 5439:early history of Islam 5245:Ogle, Vanessa (2015). 4838:, officially known as 4756: 4737:Ta'if Regional Airport 4722: 4553:King Abdulaziz Stadium 4514: 4471:Richard Francis Burton 4289:King Faisal Hospital ( 4268:Umm Al-Qura University 4215: 4202:Saudi Arabia's economy 4180: 4161:Deutscher Wetterdienst 3470:), in three different 3438:water treatment plants 3324: 3320:The mouthpiece of the 3256: 3219: 3111: 2998: 2915: 2804:Ta'if Regional Airport 2747:and on Baghdad in the 2723: 2693:Richard Francis Burton 2656: 2620:hit Mecca in 1349 CE. 2578:Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr 2576:, when it was held by 2427: 2013:, a commentary on the 813:Succession to Muhammad 32:Mecca (disambiguation) 15858:Consultative Assembly 15600:Shara'i` al Mujahidin 15310:Ash Shara'i` al `Ulya 15250:As Safa, Saudi Arabia 14230:Conversion to mosques 14097:Alchemy and chemistry 12341:(literally 'lamps'): 12254:statue) of Israelites 12187:(Casket of Shekhinah) 11689:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 11536:(Black Stone) & 11316:('The Blessed Place') 10784:Daughters of Muhammad 10774:Household of Muhammad 10750:Household of Abraham 10598:(literally 'Helpers') 10053:Disciples (including 9713:the son of Zechariah) 9302:(Honourable Scribes) 9290:Bearers of the Throne 8869:. Santa Barbara, CA: 8301:. 14 September 2016. 7797:"الحصر الفعلي للحجاج" 7283:Battuta, Ibn (2009). 7167:10.15347/wjm/2015.003 6771:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 27 6557:Holland, Tom (2012). 6469:The crucible of Islam 6224:10.1038/news.2010.354 5910:; Giarardot, Norman; 4754: 4571:Abraj al-Bait Complex 4565:Sacred sites in Mecca 4509: 4210: 4178: 3472:plant hardiness zones 3319: 3250: 3214: 3103: 2985: 2978:Significance in Islam 2905: 2721: 2651: 2560:moved the capital to 2541:(r. 634–644 CE) and ' 2484:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 2450:from God through the 2401:21.42500°N 39.83000°E 2377: 2084:Arabia's pagan tribes 2072:University of Baghdad 2032:Thamudic inscriptions 1772:Bibliotheca historica 1664:Tihamah coastal plain 1321:Great Mosque of Mecca 1252:and around 55.5% are 266:21.42250°N 39.82333°E 15535:Masihat Mahd al Hayl 15280:As Sur, Saudi Arabia 13956:Ma malakat aymanukum 13531:Association football 13430:Moderate Kharijites 12785:Abraj Al Bait Towers 12121:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 11999:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 11716:('the Confederates') 11704:military expeditions 11479:The Prophet's Mosque 11437:('The Sacred Grove') 11233:(Station of Abraham) 11048:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 10724:('Companions of the 10523:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 10515:(Children of Israel) 10210:Moses' sister-in-law 10189:, who adopted Moses) 10132:, Qatafir or Qittin) 10111:Brothers (including 9857:He who spoke to God) 9180:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 9152:sleepers of the cave 9120:) of the Abyssinians 8496:29 June 2009 at the 7951:water-technology.net 7892:"Mecca Municipality" 7597:3 March 2016 at the 7427:"The Siege of Mecca" 7376:27 June 2009 at the 7330:21 July 2011 at the 6534:. pp. I.xix.14. 6428:"Mecca and Macoraba" 6285:M. Robinson (2022). 6082:"Mecca and Macoraba" 4997:Makkah al-Mukarramah 4986:مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة 4604:Press and newspapers 4473:, who traveled as a 4459:Ludovico di Varthema 4281:مُسْتَشْفَى أَجْيَاد 3534:Record high °C (°F) 2906:Mecca, as seen from 2866:Grand Mosque seizure 2786:1924 Battle of Mecca 2761:1916 Battle of Mecca 2701:Ludovico di Varthema 2638:Salaheddin al-Ayyubi 2611:Abū-Tāhir Al-Jannābī 2556:as his capital. The 2479:Battle of the Trench 2459:Abrahamic monotheism 2209:Year of the Elephant 1813:Ammianus Marcellinus 1783:, within the former 1741:, emigrants to both 1739:military expeditions 1547:Makkah al-Mukarramah 1343:Islam's holiest site 1212:) is the capital of 1206:Makkah al-Mukarramah 852:Association football 431: • Density 97:Makkah al-Mukarramah 30:For other uses, see 16485:Islamic holy places 16118:Saudi Central Bank 15926:Freedom of religion 15707:Early Islamic State 15275:As Sudayrah, Makkah 15255:As Samd ash Shamali 11740:Expedition of Tabuk 11684:Farewell Pilgrimage 11434:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 11353:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 11172:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 11147:Iram of the Pillars 10450:People of al-Ukhdūd 10402:(Companions of the 9861:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 9128:Domesticated donkey 9098:(cow) of Israelites 8749:. 9 February 2009. 8637:on 28 February 2010 8613:on 3 December 2010. 8587:Construction Weekly 8517:on 8 February 2015. 8417:Guru Nanak At Mecca 8385:"The Lure Of Mecca" 8256:: Fifteenth edition 7850:on 15 February 2008 7777:on 9 September 2020 7710:on 9 September 2020 7646:www.timeanddate.com 7371:Cholera (pathology) 7119:on 20 December 2010 6448:on 17 November 2018 5666:National Geographic 5640:on 4 September 2015 5102:"Mecca Governorate" 4914:Saudi Arabia portal 4387:Ibn Sina Hospital ( 3814:Record low °C (°F) 3674:Daily mean °C (°F) 2972:total solar eclipse 2590:attacked and sacked 2396: / 1995:Valley of the Bakha 1756:Abdullah ibn Jud’an 1281:most visited cities 613:Profession of Faith 586:Day of Resurrection 426:3rd in Saudi Arabia 262: / 18:Mecca, Saudi Arabia 16133:Telecommunications 15916:Capital punishment 15848:Allegiance Council 15727:Emirate of Diriyah 15712:Rashidun Caliphate 15702:Pre-Islamic Arabia 15475:Hayy al Hamdaniyah 15200:Ar Rabwah as Sufla 15195:Ar Rabwah al `Ulya 14551:1,000,000 and more 14451:Quran and miracles 14365:Criticism of Islam 14069:Geometric patterns 13921:Gender segregation 13492:Non-denominational 12751:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 12694:Rashidun Caliphate 12195:Trumpet of Israfil 11941:('The Late-Night') 11808:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 11554:(Cave of the Bull) 11539:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 11451:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 11143:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 11128:(excluding Madyan) 11051:('The Holy Land') 10999:Meccan polytheists 10937:People of the Book 10795:Household of Salih 10770:Household of Moses 10718:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 10419:Disciples of Jesus 10391:People of Paradise 10183:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 10072:People of Solomon 10032:People of Abraham 10012:Believer of Ya-Sin 9980:People of Prophets 9678:(Jethro, Reuel or 9485:('Rebellious one') 9209:Beast of the Earth 8946:Mecca Saudi Arabia 8878:Rosenthal, Franz; 8668:. 17 August 2012. 8536:. 28 August 2014. 8395:on 13 January 2010 8389:Saudi Aramco World 8228:. Anisamehdi.com. 7603:Express & Star 7592:Express & Star 7569:Islam in the World 7433:on 18 October 2014 7234:. Infoplease.com. 7175:Willan R. (1821). 6713:HarperSanFrancisco 6098:10.17613/zcdp-c225 5695:. 29 January 2022. 5542:The Times of India 5526:(20 January 2005). 5523:The New York Times 5301:Khan, A M (2003). 5226:. 13 December 2023 5196:. 3 January 2021. 4958:Sharifate of Mecca 4757: 4515: 4331:مُسْتَشْفَى حِرَاء 4216: 4181: 3460:hot desert climate 3436:In the modern day 3325: 3257: 3220: 3168:al-Masjid al-Haram 3112: 2999: 2916: 2872:Juhayman al-Otaibi 2745:Gallipoli campaign 2724: 2689:Second Saudi State 2681:Muhammad Ali Pasha 2657: 2644:Under the Ottomans 2428: 2406:21.42500; 39.83000 2155:Roman–Persian Wars 1220:region of western 361: • Mayor 271:21.42250; 39.82333 16442: 16441: 16402: 16401: 16230:Human trafficking 16158: 16157: 16043: 16042: 15976: 15975: 15868:Foreign relations 15826: 15825: 15722:Abbasid Caliphate 15717:Umayyad Caliphate 15648: 15647: 15480:Hayy as Salihiyah 15390:Bahrat al Qadimah 15265:As Sayl as Saghir 14870:Ad Dawh as Saghir 14768: 14767: 14502: 14501: 14468: 14467: 14464: 14463: 14436:Domestic violence 14426:Islamic terrorism 14421:Islamic extremism 14242: 14241: 14238: 14237: 14010: 14009: 14006: 14005: 13796:Marriage contract 13626: 13625: 13586:Political aspects 13315:Story of Prophets 13084:Prophets of Islam 12987: 12986: 12829:Jannat al-Mu'alla 12719:First Saudi State 12621: 12620: 12607: 12606: 12580:(Water or fluid) 12566: 12565: 12553:Sidrat al-Muntahā 12397:(Garlic or wheat) 12327: 12326: 12323: 12322: 12049: 12048: 12045: 12044: 11991:('The Afternoon') 11982:('The Afternoon') 11912:('The Mornings') 11745:Conquest of Mecca 11730:Battle of Khaybar 11666:Event of Mubahala 11662:(Night of Decree) 11635: 11634: 11590:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 11533:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 11496: 11495: 11488:Salat (Synagogue) 11441:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 11292:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 11125:Arabian Peninsula 11100:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 11024: 11023: 11020: 11019: 11016: 11015: 10806: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10754:Brothers of Yūsuf 10625:Children of Ayyub 10618:Wife of Abu Lahab 10576:People of Fir'aun 10567:(People of Jonah) 10541:People of Shuaib 10527:People of Ibrahim 10460:People of Yathrib 10360: 10359: 10356: 10355: 10335:Nebuchadnezzar II 10228: 10227: 9970: 9969: 9966: 9965: 9929: 9928: 9798:and Strong Will') 9525: 9524: 9521: 9520: 9400: 9399: 9340:(Gabriel, chief) 9252: 9251: 8893:978-0-691-09797-8 8858:Koninklijke Brill 8844:978-3-7281-1972-8 8801:978-0-521-22552-6 8778:978-0-7835-5465-5 8692:. 23 April 2009. 8363:978-0-8248-1957-6 8280:978-1-62040-268-9 7740:978-0-86159-193-0 7677:978-0-86037-767-2 7578:978-1-86207-906-9 7067:. 18 October 2012 6930:978-0-393-05975-5 6837:(1): 44–54 (44). 6752:978-0-946621-33-0 6582:978-969-408-136-6 6544:Crone, Patricia; 6516:978-0-88402-284-8 6478:978-0-674-05776-0 6435:Al-ʿUṣūr Al-Wusṭā 6412:978-1-59333-102-3 6263:978-1-4008-8736-1 6173:978-0-7914-0331-0 6086:Al-ʿUṣūr al-Wusṭā 6057:perseus.tufts.edu 6038:978-0-8166-0663-4 6008:978-0-313-32021-7 5975:978-1-74059-667-1 5937:978-0-87779-044-0 5916:Pelikan, Jaroslav 5889:978-0-8264-1207-2 5852:978-0-7591-0190-6 5821:978-0-306-46158-3 5790:978-0-8028-0754-0 5748:978-90-04-14476-7 5616:978-0-19-979413-3 5597:Esposito, John L. 5582:978-0-691-02619-0 5549:on 11 April 2013. 5509:Fattah, Hassan M. 5334:978-90-441-1774-5 5314:978-81-87746-47-8 5284:978-1-136-17016-4 5256:978-0-674-28614-6 5150:978-0-87779-546-9 5006: 4994: 4963:Masar Destination 4519:cultural heritage 4327:Hira'a Hospital ( 4224:copper extraction 4186:Arabian Peninsula 4167: 4166: 4007:relative humidity 3458:Mecca features a 3412: 3400: 3377: 3365: 2958:in a stampede at 2912:Mecca Clock Tower 2829:in the north and 2665:First Saudi State 2566:Abbasid Caliphate 2564:in Syria and the 2558:Umayyad Caliphate 2366:Muhammad in Mecca 2362:Conquest of Mecca 2292:Himyarite Kingdom 2278:marched upon the 2211:" is the name in 2103:Conquest of Mecca 2078:Under the Quraish 1895:Islamic narrative 1875:radiocarbon dated 1785:Nabataean Kingdom 1709:Old World monkeys 1654:mentioned in the 1603:Old South Arabian 1564: 1396:at Mecca and the 1329:, is home to the 1254:Muslim foreigners 1173: 1172: 518: 517: 423: • Rank 415: • City 394: • Land 386: • City 58:The Holy Capital 16:(Redirected from 16507: 16422: 16415: 16255:response to ISIL 16169: 16168: 16113:Riyal (currency) 16054: 16053: 15841: 15840: 15837: 15836: 15783:Cities and towns 15771: 15770: 15759: 15737:Kingdom of Hejaz 15675: 15668: 15661: 15652: 15651: 15260:As Sayl al Kabir 15030:Al Madiq, Makkah 14990:Al Khadra, Mecca 14865:Ad Dawh al Kabir 14805: 14795: 14788: 14781: 14772: 14771: 14541: 14540: 14529: 14522: 14515: 14506: 14505: 14492: 14491: 14484:Islam portal 14482: 14481: 14480: 14262: 14261: 14254: 14248: 14247: 14089:Medieval science 14032: 14031: 14022: 14016: 14015: 13673:Economic history 13656: 13655: 13632: 13631: 13618:Islam by country 13403:Bektashi Alevism 13041: 13040: 13032:Outline of Islam 13014: 13007: 13000: 12991: 12990: 12977: 12967: 12966: 12957: 12947: 12946: 12937: 12936: 12736: 12709:Mamluk Sultanate 12660: 12659: 12648: 12641: 12634: 12625: 12624: 12507:Plants of Sheba 12419: 12418: 12262:Of Noah's people 12232: 12231: 12200: 12199: 12191:Throne of Bilqis 12184:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 12125:Tablets of Stone 12055: 12054: 12038:First Pilgrimage 11854:Times for prayer 11797:Islamic calendar 11725:Battle of Hunayn 11699: 11698: 11641: 11640: 11580:Bayt al-Muqaddas 11119: 11118: 11030: 11029: 10789:Muhammad's wives 10764:Progeny of Imran 10646:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 10548:People of Madyan 10490: 10489: 10479: 10478: 10377: 10376: 10366: 10365: 10100: 10099: 10066:Zechariah's wife 10050:People of Jesus 10039:Ishmael's mother 9987: 9986: 9976: 9975: 9785: 9784: 9726:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 9711:John the Baptist 9544: 9543: 9531: 9530: 9324: 9323: 9318:Munkar and Nakir 9083: 9082: 9076: 9075: 9031: 9030: 9018: 9017: 9002: 8995: 8988: 8979: 8978: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8897: 8874: 8861: 8848: 8805: 8782: 8755: 8754: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8721:on 14 April 2019 8707: 8698: 8697: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8656: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8621: 8615: 8614: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8579: 8573: 8560: 8554: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8526: 8520: 8518: 8507: 8501: 8488: 8482: 8481: 8475: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8441: 8435: 8428: 8422: 8421: 8411: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8391:. Archived from 8381: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8331:on 26 April 2006 8321: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8291: 8285: 8284: 8266: 8260: 8259: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8222: 8216: 8203: 8197: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8131: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8076: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8042: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8020: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8009: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7943: 7937: 7931: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7903: 7888: 7882: 7869: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7855: 7846:. Archived from 7840: 7831: 7830: 7823:"What is Umrah?" 7819: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7773:. Archived from 7759: 7753: 7752: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7706:. Archived from 7696: 7690: 7689: 7663: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7612: 7606: 7589: 7583: 7582: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7535: 7529: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7483: 7477: 7471: 7465: 7452: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7423: 7417: 7407: 7401: 7387: 7381: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7360:on 17 June 2012. 7356:. Archived from 7345: 7339: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7306: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7207: 7199: 7193: 7187: 7181: 7180: 7173:In turn citing: 7171: 7169: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7126: 7124: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7057: 7051: 7033: 7027: 7011: 7005: 7004: 6988: 6985:Prophet Muhammad 6978: 6967: 6961: 6952: 6944: 6935: 6934: 6914: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6877: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6826: 6820: 6817: 6811: 6808: 6802: 6793: 6787: 6778: 6772: 6763: 6757: 6756: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6700: 6694: 6688: 6682: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6593: 6587: 6586: 6568: 6562: 6555: 6549: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6502: 6496: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6447: 6432: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6398: 6392: 6389: 6383: 6380: 6374: 6367: 6361: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6316: 6306: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6249: 6236: 6235: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6140: 6131: 6128: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6077: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6022: 6013: 6012: 5996: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5955: 5942: 5941: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5873: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5753: 5752: 5732: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5669:. Archived from 5656: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5570: 5560: 5551: 5550: 5533: 5527: 5507: 5501: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5469: 5460: 5459: 5457:have been razed. 5451:Preservationists 5430: 5428: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5318: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5072: 5055: 5052: 5046: 5044: 5042:[ˈmakːa] 5039: 5035: 5030: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5001: 4999: 4989: 4987: 4979: 4930: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4916: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4610:Osman Nuri Pasha 4395: 4394: 4392: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4311: 4309: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4277:Ajyad Hospital ( 4190:Great Depression 4012: 3961: 3482: 3481: 3454:Climate of Mecca 3407: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3372: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3312:Sources of water 3166:Panorama of the 3159: 3117:Maqsurat Ibrahim 2765:Kingdom of Hejaz 2543:Uthman ibn Affan 2420: 2419: 2417: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2245:Byzantine Empire 2235:in honor of the 2119:Byzantine Empire 2069: 2068: 2056: 2055: 2053: 1945:Biblical figures 1925: 1907: 1767:Diodorus Siculus 1693:with respect to 1675: 1649: 1643: 1635: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1618: 1595:Claudius Ptolemy 1578:(48), verse 24. 1570: 1559: 1557: 1549: 1543: 1537: 1525: 1516: 1510: 1488: 1472: 1459: 1430: 1421:Saudi government 1418: 1398:Prophet's Mosque 1382:Saudi government 1352: 1328: 1318: 1308: 1278: 1263: 1239: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1165: 1158: 1151: 1137:Islam portal 1135: 1134: 1133: 543: 520: 519: 514: 511: 509: 471: 469: 468: 466: 459: 332: 329: 292: 290: 289: 277: 276: 274: 273: 272: 267: 263: 260: 259: 258: 255: 231: 230: 224: 206: 186: 172: 156: 146:The Clock Towers 142: 122: 108: 106: 105: 99: 79: 77: 76: 67: 65: 64: 51: 42: 41: 21: 16515: 16514: 16510: 16509: 16508: 16506: 16505: 16504: 16445: 16444: 16443: 16438: 16425: 16418: 16411: 16398: 16360: 16322:Public holidays 16266: 16154: 16098:Foreign workers 16039: 15972: 15897: 15888:Nuclear program 15822: 15760: 15751: 15732:Emirate of Nejd 15688: 15679: 15649: 15644: 15575:Nuzlat al Faqin 15450:Haddat ash Sham 14960:Al Hazm, Makkah 14821: 14809: 14799: 14769: 14764: 14754: 14658: 14607:300,000-999,999 14602: 14546: 14535: 14533: 14503: 14498: 14478: 14476: 14460: 14382:Cultural Muslim 14353: 14320: 14266:Other religions 14256: 14252: 14234: 14169: 14136: 14083: 14026: 14024:Islamic studies 14020: 14002: 13836: 13781: 13758: 13705: 13650: 13649: 13622: 13571:Moral teachings 13514: 13496: 13470:Nation of Islam 13383:Twelver Shi'ism 13320: 13286:Religious texts 13280: 13198:Early conquests 13181: 13163: 13115: 13035: 13024: 13018: 12988: 12983: 12925: 12896: 12870: 12854: 12838: 12773:Safa and Marwah 12743: 12737: 12728: 12665: 12661:Articles about 12654: 12652: 12622: 12617: 12603: 12562: 12500: 12494: 12417: 12378: 12333: 12319: 12293: 12257: 12230: 12204: 12203:Mentioned idols 12198: 12160: 12158: 12152: 12097:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 12060: 12041: 12032:Laylat al-Mabit 12015: 11967:('The Evening') 11956:Dulūk ash-Shams 11924:('The Morning') 11918:('The Morning') 11855: 11849: 11820: 11795: 11789: 11778:Days of battles 11749: 11703: 11693: 11654:Incident of Ifk 11646: 11631: 11622:Palestine River 11492: 11461:Masjid al-Dirar 11391: 11385: 11332: 11280: 11272: 11127: 11123: 11117: 11054:'Blessed' Land' 11035: 11012: 10876: 10870: 10851:Umayyad Dynasty 10812: 10798: 10759:Lot's daughters 10743: 10742:('People of the 10741: 10733: 10685:(people of Hud) 10671: 10657: 10649:(Gog and Magog) 10532:People of Ilyas 10485: 10483: 10477: 10410:Jesus' apostles 10387:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 10371: 10352: 10298: 10292: 10256:of Moses' time) 10224: 10200:Wise, pious man 10187:Wife of Pharaoh 10179:Imraʾat Firʿawn 10166:Aaron and Moses 10165: 10159: 10115:(Benjamin) and 10104: 10098: 10016:Family of Noah 9981: 9962: 9925: 9880: 9851:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 9797: 9795: 9793: 9783: 9709:ibn Zakariyyā ( 9538: 9517: 9488: 9445: 9396: 9358:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 9348:('The Spirit') 9322: 9300:Kirāman Kātibīn 9295:Harut and Marut 9272:Angels of Hell 9248: 9183: 9070: 9036: 9025: 9012: 9006: 8959: 8942: 8929: 8927: 8916: 8894: 8845: 8823:Bianca, Stefano 8818: 8812: 8810:Further reading 8802: 8779: 8764: 8759: 8758: 8739: 8738: 8734: 8724: 8722: 8709: 8708: 8701: 8682: 8681: 8677: 8658: 8657: 8650: 8640: 8638: 8623: 8622: 8618: 8599: 8598: 8594: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8570:Wayback Machine 8561: 8557: 8549: 8545: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8509: 8508: 8504: 8498:Wayback Machine 8489: 8485: 8473: 8469: 8468: 8464: 8454: 8452: 8447:. Fordham.edu. 8443: 8442: 8438: 8429: 8425: 8412: 8408: 8398: 8396: 8383: 8382: 8378: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8348: 8344: 8334: 8332: 8323: 8322: 8318: 8308: 8306: 8293: 8292: 8288: 8281: 8267: 8263: 8250: 8249: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8213:Wayback Machine 8204: 8200: 8195:Wayback Machine 8184: 8180: 8170: 8168: 8160: 8159: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8132: 8128: 8120: 8116: 8106: 8104: 8099: 8098: 8094: 8084: 8082: 8074: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8055: 8053: 8044: 8043: 8039: 8029: 8027: 8022: 8021: 8017: 8007: 8005: 7994: 7990: 7980: 7978: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7953: 7945: 7944: 7940: 7932: 7911: 7901: 7899: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7879:Wayback Machine 7870: 7863: 7853: 7851: 7842: 7841: 7834: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7806: 7804: 7795: 7794: 7790: 7780: 7778: 7765:Bab Bani Shaiba 7761: 7760: 7756: 7741: 7727: 7723: 7713: 7711: 7698: 7697: 7693: 7678: 7664: 7660: 7650: 7648: 7640: 7639: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7599:Wayback Machine 7590: 7586: 7579: 7565:Ruthven, Malise 7562: 7558: 7548: 7546: 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6499: 6490: 6486: 6479: 6465: 6461: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6430: 6424: 6420: 6413: 6399: 6395: 6390: 6386: 6381: 6377: 6368: 6364: 6359: 6355: 6348: 6334: 6330: 6283: 6279: 6264: 6250: 6239: 6210: 6206: 6185: 6181: 6174: 6158: 6154: 6141: 6134: 6129: 6125: 6117: 6113: 6078: 6071: 6061: 6059: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6039: 6023: 6016: 6009: 5987: 5983: 5976: 5956: 5945: 5938: 5930:. p. 703. 5928:Merriam-Webster 5908:Reynolds, Frank 5904:Carrasco, David 5901: 5897: 5890: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5845:. p. 302. 5843:Rowman Altamira 5833: 5829: 5822: 5814:. p. 342. 5802: 5798: 5791: 5775: 5771: 5763: 5756: 5749: 5733: 5726: 5716: 5714: 5705: 5704: 5700: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5673:on 17 July 2015 5657: 5653: 5643: 5641: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5617: 5594: 5590: 5583: 5561: 5554: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5518:Wayback Machine 5508: 5504: 5495: 5491: 5479:The Independent 5470: 5463: 5426: 5424: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5386: 5384: 5382:Dr. Ehsan Bayat 5374: 5370: 5363: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5315: 5299: 5295: 5285: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5243: 5239: 5229: 5227: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5169:City Population 5163: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5106:City Population 5100: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5037: 5023: 5019: 5008: 4980: 4976: 4971: 4953:Masjid al-Haram 4926: 4921: 4919: 4912: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4893:electric trains 4861: 4856: 4797: 4749: 4725: 4720: 4703: 4687:Saudi TV Sports 4671:Hussein bin Ali 4663: 4606: 4601: 4595:, or bookrest. 4567: 4561: 4541: 4504: 4412: 4406: 4264:second language 4255: 4253:Human resources 4173: 4168: 4011:(daily average) 4010: 3959: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3456: 3450: 3413:'Spring of 3378:'Spring of 3341:Harun ar-Rashid 3314: 3305: 3293: 3245: 3229: 3209: 3189:Masjid al-Haram 3178: 3176:Hajj and 'Umrah 3173: 3172: 3171: 3165: 3160: 3137: 3131: 3098: 3081: 3075: 3049: 3043: 3019:Masjid al-Haram 3015: 3013:Masjid al-Haram 2980: 2947: 2900: 2880:Masjid al-Haram 2868: 2839:First World War 2771:with returning 2757:Hussain bin Ali 2716: 2626: 2531: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2372: 2356:Main articles: 2354: 2143:Sassanid Empire 2080: 2011:Sharḥ al-Asāṭīr 1941: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1934:Al-Haram Mosque 1932:Turkish map of 1926: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1908: 1856:Ma'ad ibn Adnan 1721: 1687: 1682: 1668:Yaqut al-Hamawi 1652:Desert of Paran 1611: 1531: 1480: 1474: 1448: 1394:Masjid al-Haram 1326:Masjid al-Haram 1323:, known as the 1292:Islamic prophet 1237: 1183: 1179: 1169: 1131: 1129: 1122: 1121: 1066:Other religions 1061:Arabic language 1023: 1013: 1012: 941:Moral teachings 832: 818: 817: 808:Spread of Islam 753: 743: 742: 730:(jurisprudence) 712:Qisas al-Anbiya 661: 660: 640: 639: 608: 598: 597: 553: 506: 460: 330: 287: 285: 270: 268: 264: 261: 256: 253: 251: 249: 248: 242: 241: 240: 239: 238: 237: 236: 232: 211: 209: 197: 196: 195: 194: 193: 187: 179: 178: 173: 164: 163: 162: 157: 149: 148: 143: 134: 133: 132: 126:Masjid al-Haram 123: 100: 90: 83: 82: 71: 63:العاصمة المقدسة 59: 53: 47: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16513: 16503: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16487: 16482: 16477: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16440: 16439: 16437: 16436: 16431: 16424: 16423: 16416: 16408: 16407: 16404: 16403: 16400: 16399: 16397: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16370: 16368: 16362: 16361: 16359: 16358: 16353: 16348: 16347: 16346: 16336: 16335: 16334: 16324: 16319: 16314: 16313: 16312: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16276: 16274: 16268: 16267: 16265: 16264: 16259: 16258: 16257: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16221: 16220: 16215: 16205: 16203:Discrimination 16200: 16199: 16198: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16172: 16166: 16160: 16159: 16156: 16155: 16153: 16152: 16151: 16150: 16140: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16105: 16100: 16095: 16094: 16093: 16088: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16057: 16051: 16045: 16044: 16041: 16040: 16038: 16037: 16035:Military ranks 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16015:National Guard 16012: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15986: 15984: 15978: 15977: 15974: 15973: 15971: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15949: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15907: 15905: 15899: 15898: 15896: 15895: 15893:Prime Minister 15890: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15850: 15844: 15834: 15828: 15827: 15824: 15823: 15821: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15774: 15768: 15762: 15761: 15754: 15752: 15750: 15749: 15747:Modern history 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15698: 15696: 15690: 15689: 15678: 15677: 15670: 15663: 15655: 15646: 15645: 15643: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15187: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15150:Al Qushashiyah 15147: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14967: 14962: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14937: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14826: 14823: 14822: 14814: 14811: 14810: 14807:Mecca Province 14798: 14797: 14790: 14783: 14775: 14766: 14765: 14759: 14756: 14755: 14753: 14752: 14750:Yanbu' al Bahr 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14666: 14664: 14660: 14659: 14657: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14629:Hafar al-Batin 14626: 14621: 14616: 14610: 14608: 14604: 14603: 14601: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14578:Khamis Mushait 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14554: 14552: 14548: 14547: 14532: 14531: 14524: 14517: 14509: 14500: 14499: 14497: 14496: 14486: 14473: 14470: 14469: 14466: 14465: 14462: 14461: 14459: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14417: 14416: 14406: 14405: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14384: 14379: 14378: 14377: 14372: 14361: 14359: 14358:Related topics 14355: 14354: 14352: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14330: 14328: 14322: 14321: 14319: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14292: 14291: 14286: 14281: 14270: 14268: 14258: 14257: 14244: 14243: 14240: 14239: 14236: 14235: 14233: 14232: 14227: 14220: 14215: 14214: 14213: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14177: 14175: 14171: 14170: 14168: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14146: 14144: 14138: 14137: 14135: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14104: 14099: 14093: 14091: 14085: 14084: 14082: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14040: 14038: 14028: 14027: 14012: 14011: 14008: 14007: 14004: 14003: 14001: 14000: 13995: 13994: 13993: 13981: 13979:Sources of law 13976: 13971: 13970: 13969: 13959: 13952: 13947: 13940: 13935: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13886: 13879: 13878: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13857: 13852: 13844: 13842: 13838: 13837: 13835: 13834: 13827: 13820: 13813: 13806: 13799: 13792: 13784: 13782: 13780: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13763: 13760: 13759: 13757: 13756: 13749: 13744: 13737: 13730: 13723: 13715: 13713: 13707: 13706: 13704: 13703: 13696: 13689: 13682: 13675: 13670: 13664: 13662: 13652: 13651: 13648: 13647: 13642: 13636: 13628: 13627: 13624: 13623: 13621: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13603:Social welfare 13600: 13595: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13517: 13515: 13513: 13512: 13507: 13501: 13498: 13497: 13495: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13483: 13482: 13472: 13467: 13466: 13465: 13460: 13459: 13458: 13453: 13452: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13428: 13414: 13413: 13412: 13407: 13406: 13405: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13375: 13370: 13369: 13368: 13367: 13366: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13330: 13328: 13322: 13321: 13319: 13318: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13290: 13288: 13282: 13281: 13279: 13278: 13277: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13229: 13224: 13217: 13210: 13208:Historiography 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13184: 13182: 13180: 13179: 13174: 13168: 13165: 13164: 13162: 13161: 13154: 13147: 13140: 13133: 13125: 13123: 13117: 13116: 13114: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13080: 13079: 13069: 13062: 13061: 13060: 13049: 13047: 13037: 13036: 13029: 13026: 13025: 13017: 13016: 13009: 13002: 12994: 12985: 12984: 12982: 12981: 12971: 12961: 12951: 12941: 12930: 12927: 12926: 12924: 12923: 12922: 12921: 12910: 12904: 12902: 12898: 12897: 12895: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12878: 12876: 12872: 12871: 12869: 12868: 12862: 12860: 12856: 12855: 12853: 12852: 12846: 12844: 12840: 12839: 12837: 12836: 12834:Bawabat Makkah 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12815: 12814: 12812:Jamarat Bridge 12804: 12799: 12798: 12797: 12787: 12782: 12781: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12769: 12768: 12758: 12747: 12745: 12739: 12738: 12731: 12729: 12727: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12714:Ottoman Empire 12711: 12706: 12704:Abbasid Empire 12701: 12699:Umayyad Empire 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12675: 12673: 12667: 12666: 12651: 12650: 12643: 12636: 12628: 12619: 12618: 12612: 12609: 12608: 12605: 12604: 12602: 12601: 12595: 12594: 12593: 12592:(River or sea) 12587: 12574: 12572: 12568: 12567: 12564: 12563: 12561: 12560: 12555: 12550: 12540: 12530: 12529: 12528: 12518: 12504: 12502: 12496: 12495: 12493: 12492: 12491: 12490: 12482: 12472: 12462: 12452: 12442: 12436: 12425: 12423: 12416: 12410: 12404: 12398: 12392: 12386: 12384: 12380: 12379: 12377: 12376: 12375: 12374: 12362: 12361: 12360: 12348: 12337: 12335: 12329: 12328: 12325: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12301: 12299: 12295: 12294: 12292: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12265: 12263: 12259: 12258: 12256: 12255: 12244: 12238: 12236: 12229: 12228: 12212: 12208: 12206: 12197: 12196: 12193: 12188: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12164: 12162: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12150: 12142: 12129: 12128: 12127: 12122: 12101: 12093: 12084: 12070: 12068: 12062: 12061: 12051: 12050: 12047: 12046: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12035: 12028: 12023: 12021: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12011: 11996: 11995: 11994: 11993: 11992: 11983: 11968: 11953: 11944: 11943: 11942: 11932:('The Night') 11927: 11926: 11925: 11919: 11907: 11888:('Praising'), 11859: 11857: 11856:or remembrance 11851: 11850: 11848: 11847: 11838: 11828: 11826: 11822: 11821: 11819: 11818: 11817: 11816: 11811: 11801: 11799: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11787: 11782: 11779: 11776: 11767: 11757: 11755: 11751: 11750: 11748: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11735:Battle of Uhud 11732: 11727: 11722: 11720:Battle of Badr 11717: 11707: 11705: 11695: 11694: 11692: 11691: 11686: 11680: 11668: 11663: 11659:Laylat al-Qadr 11655: 11651: 11648: 11647: 11637: 11636: 11633: 11632: 11630: 11629: 11623: 11620: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11586: 11577: 11574: 11569: 11568: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11551:Ghār ath-Thawr 11547: 11542: 11517: 11516: 11515: 11504: 11502: 11498: 11497: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11490: 11485: 11484: 11483: 11482: 11481: 11476: 11463: 11458: 11448: 11438: 11416: 11411: 11404: 11395: 11393: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11383: 11374:('Township of 11369: 11359: 11358: 11357: 11343: 11341: 11334: 11333: 11331: 11330: 11321: 11320: 11319: 11318: 11317: 11302:Al-Wādil-Ayman 11296:Valley of Tuwa 11284: 11282: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11270: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11241: 11240: 11239: 11237:Safa and Marwa 11234: 11226: 11216: 11207: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11174: 11165: 11152: 11151: 11150: 11131: 11129: 11116: 11115: 11112: 11102: 11097: 11087: 11085:Door of Hittah 11082: 11070: 11057: 11056: 11055: 11043: 11041: 11037: 11036: 11026: 11025: 11022: 11021: 11018: 11017: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11010: 11009: 11008: 11002: 10991: 10990: 10989: 10984: 10983: 10982: 10977: 10962: 10961: 10960: 10955: 10930: 10929: 10928: 10920: 10908: 10900: 10899: 10898: 10888: 10885:Ahl al-Dhimmah 10880: 10878: 10872: 10871: 10869: 10868: 10862: 10853: 10848: 10846:Iranian people 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10822: 10816: 10814: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10803: 10800: 10799: 10797: 10796: 10793: 10792: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10771: 10768: 10767: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10747: 10745: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10730: 10729: 10713: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10691: 10686: 10679: 10677: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10655: 10650: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10621: 10620: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10605: 10599: 10586:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 10578: 10573: 10568: 10559: 10558: 10557: 10554:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 10551: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10516: 10508: 10500: 10493: 10487: 10476: 10475: 10474:Nation of Noah 10472: 10466: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10429: 10424: 10423: 10422: 10407: 10397: 10396: 10395: 10392: 10383: 10381: 10373: 10372: 10362: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10350: 10345: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10329: 10326:Caleb or Kaleb 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10302: 10300: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10290: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10268: 10262: 10257: 10247: 10236: 10234: 10230: 10229: 10226: 10225: 10223: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10196: 10195: 10190: 10176: 10169: 10167: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10151: 10150: 10139: 10133: 10120: 10108: 10106: 10097: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10088: 10083: 10081:Queen of Sheba 10078: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10048: 10047: 10046: 10044:Isaac's mother 10041: 10036: 10030: 10027: 10026: 10025: 10022: 10014: 10009: 10008: 10007: 10002: 9993: 9991: 9983: 9982: 9972: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9961: 9960: 9957:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 9954: 9944: 9937: 9935: 9931: 9930: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9923: 9909: 9899: 9894: 9888: 9886: 9885:Debatable ones 9882: 9881: 9879: 9878: 9868: 9867:Friend of God) 9858: 9848: 9847: 9846: 9840: 9820: 9819: 9818: 9812: 9801: 9799: 9794:('Those of the 9782: 9781: 9771: 9761: 9760: 9759: 9753: 9729: 9728: 9727: 9714: 9704: 9693: 9683: 9673: 9668: 9658: 9657: 9656: 9641: 9631: 9625: 9619: 9609: 9603: 9597: 9591: 9581: 9571: 9561: 9550: 9548: 9540: 9539: 9527: 9526: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9515: 9508: 9496: 9494: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9486: 9478: 9462: 9460: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9436: 9428: 9421: 9413: 9411: 9402: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9394: 9388: 9380: 9369: 9368: 9367: 9366: 9365: 9355: 9352:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 9334: 9332: 9321: 9320: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9308: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9278: 9269: 9267: 9254: 9253: 9250: 9249: 9247: 9246: 9234: 9222: 9212: 9202: 9191: 9189: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9181: 9172: 9163: 9154: 9144: 9131: 9121: 9108: 9099: 9089: 9087: 9080: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9068: 9067: 9066: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9027: 9026: 9014: 9013: 9005: 9004: 8997: 8990: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8958: 8957:External links 8955: 8954: 8953: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8914: 8907: 8898: 8892: 8875: 8862: 8849: 8843: 8811: 8808: 8807: 8806: 8800: 8783: 8777: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8756: 8732: 8699: 8675: 8648: 8616: 8592: 8589:. 30 May 2013. 8574: 8555: 8553:. saudinf.com. 8543: 8521: 8502: 8483: 8462: 8436: 8423: 8406: 8376: 8362: 8342: 8316: 8286: 8279: 8261: 8243: 8217: 8198: 8178: 8153: 8142:on 20 May 2007 8126: 8114: 8092: 8063: 8052:on 12 May 2012 8037: 8015: 7988: 7963: 7938: 7909: 7898:on 29 May 2007 7883: 7861: 7832: 7814: 7788: 7771:Madain Project 7754: 7739: 7721: 7704:Madain Project 7691: 7676: 7658: 7633: 7607: 7584: 7577: 7556: 7530: 7504: 7478: 7466: 7444: 7418: 7402: 7382: 7363: 7340: 7316: 7301:, ed. (1911). 7299:Chisholm, Hugh 7290: 7275: 7249: 7223: 7208: 7194: 7182: 7137: 7103: 7078: 7052: 7028: 7006: 6999: 6968: 6953: 6936: 6929: 6909: 6897: 6878: 6864: 6821: 6812: 6803: 6788: 6773: 6758: 6751: 6728: 6721: 6695: 6683: 6671: 6664: 6646: 6603: 6588: 6581: 6563: 6550: 6537: 6522: 6515: 6497: 6484: 6477: 6459: 6418: 6411: 6393: 6384: 6375: 6362: 6353: 6347:978-1710858853 6346: 6328: 6277: 6262: 6237: 6204: 6179: 6172: 6152: 6132: 6123: 6111: 6069: 6044: 6037: 6014: 6007: 5981: 5974: 5943: 5936: 5912:Neusner, Jacob 5895: 5888: 5858: 5851: 5827: 5820: 5796: 5789: 5769: 5754: 5747: 5724: 5698: 5684: 5651: 5625: 5615: 5609:. p. 25. 5588: 5581: 5552: 5528: 5502: 5489: 5461: 5394: 5368: 5361: 5340: 5333: 5313: 5293: 5283: 5265: 5255: 5237: 5211: 5181: 5156: 5149: 5130: 5118: 5093: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5047: 5017: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4948:Mecca Province 4945: 4937:Bayt al-Mawlid 4932: 4931: 4917: 4901: 4898: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4796: 4793: 4748: 4745: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4718:Transportation 4716: 4712:Day of 'Arafah 4702: 4699: 4662: 4659: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4599:Communications 4597: 4560: 4557: 4540: 4537: 4503: 4500: 4488:Mecca Province 4405: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4385: 4373: 4361: 4349: 4337: 4325: 4313: 4299: 4287: 4254: 4251: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4156: 4155: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4105:sunshine hours 4100: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4058:sunshine hours 4053: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3480: 3452:Main article: 3449: 3446: 3329:water scarcity 3322:well of Zamzam 3313: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3292: 3289: 3244: 3241: 3228: 3225: 3208: 3205: 3177: 3174: 3162: 3161: 3154: 3153: 3152: 3135:Safa and Marwa 3133:Main article: 3130: 3129:Safa and Marwa 3127: 3097: 3094: 3077:Main article: 3074: 3071: 3045:Main article: 3042: 3039: 3014: 3011: 2979: 2976: 2943:Main article: 2929:Ajyad Fortress 2896:Main article: 2825:and onward to 2784:Following the 2715: 2714:Modern history 2712: 2673:(viceroy) and 2661:Ottoman Caliph 2625: 2622: 2535:Islamic states 2530: 2527: 2513:Attab ibn Asid 2424:Bayt al-Mawlid 2353: 2350: 2315:of the Quran, 2296:Abdul Muttalib 2079: 2076: 1927: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1909: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1877:to 591–643 CE. 1863:Patricia Crone 1830:Arabia Petraea 1822:Patricia Crone 1789:Arabia Petraea 1735:Battle of Badr 1720: 1717: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1610: 1607: 1530: 1519: 1476:Main article: 1473: 1466: 1447: 1444: 1390:Ajyad Fortress 1388:, such as the 1362:regime changes 1283:in the world. 1250:Saudi citizens 1214:Mecca Province 1171: 1170: 1168: 1167: 1160: 1153: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1095: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1024: 1021:Related topics 1019: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1003:Social welfare 1000: 995: 994: 993: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 897: 896: 891: 881: 880: 879: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 833: 824: 823: 820: 819: 816: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 789: 788: 781: 774: 766: 765: 760: 754: 749: 748: 745: 744: 741: 740: 732: 723: 722: 716: 708: 700: 691: 690: 670: 662: 659: 658: 653: 647: 646: 645: 642: 641: 638: 637: 632: 627: 621: 620: 615: 609: 604: 603: 600: 599: 596: 595: 593:Predestination 589: 588: 583: 577: 576: 574:Revealed Books 571: 565: 564: 554: 549: 548: 545: 544: 536: 535: 529: 528: 516: 515: 504: 500: 499: 496: 490: 489: 479: 473: 472: 453: 447: 446: 443: 436: 435: 432: 428: 427: 424: 420: 419: 416: 412: 411: 407: 406: 403: 399: 398: 395: 391: 390: 387: 383: 382: 378: 377: 372: 368: 367: 365:Saleh Al-Turki 362: 358: 357: 353: 352: 347:(building The 338: 334: 333: 325: 321: 320: 315: 309: 308: 306:Mecca Province 303: 297: 296: 283: 279: 278: 244: 243: 234: 233: 226: 225: 219: 218: 217: 216: 213: 212: 210:Mecca province 207: 199: 198: 188: 181: 180: 174: 167: 166: 165: 158: 151: 150: 144: 137: 136: 135: 124: 117: 116: 115: 114: 113: 110: 109: 92: 91: 88: 85: 84: 81: 80: 68: 55: 54: 45: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16512: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16470:Closed cities 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16452: 16450: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16426: 16421: 16417: 16414: 16410: 16409: 16405: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16371: 16369: 16367: 16363: 16357: 16354: 16352: 16349: 16345: 16342: 16341: 16340: 16337: 16333: 16330: 16329: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16311: 16308: 16307: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16277: 16275: 16273: 16269: 16263: 16260: 16256: 16253: 16252: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16210: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16197: 16194: 16193: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16173: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16161: 16149: 16146: 16145: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16083: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16058: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16046: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15987: 15985: 15983: 15979: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15933: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15908: 15906: 15904: 15900: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15845: 15842: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15829: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15775: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15763: 15758: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15699: 15697: 15695: 15691: 15687: 15683: 15676: 15671: 15669: 15664: 15662: 15657: 15656: 15653: 15641: 15640:Wadi al Jalil 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15340:Ash Shuwaybit 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15175:Al `Utaybiyah 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15130:Al Qawba`iyah 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15105:Al Muraysiyah 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15080:Al Mudawwarah 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14966: 14963: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14936: 14933: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14827: 14824: 14820: 14817: 14812: 14808: 14804: 14796: 14791: 14789: 14784: 14782: 14777: 14776: 14773: 14763: 14757: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14667: 14665: 14661: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14611: 14609: 14605: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14555: 14553: 14549: 14545:by population 14544: 14539: 14530: 14525: 14523: 14518: 14516: 14511: 14510: 14507: 14495: 14487: 14485: 14475: 14474: 14471: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14410: 14407: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14397:Post-Islamism 14395: 14393: 14390: 14389: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14367: 14366: 14363: 14362: 14360: 14356: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14327: 14323: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14290: 14289:Protestantism 14287: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14276: 14275: 14272: 14271: 14269: 14267: 14263: 14259: 14249: 14245: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14225: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14212: 14209: 14208: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14178: 14176: 14172: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14147: 14145: 14143: 14139: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14127:Ophthalmology 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14103: 14100: 14098: 14095: 14094: 14092: 14090: 14086: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14037: 14033: 14029: 14025: 14017: 14013: 13999: 13996: 13992: 13991: 13987: 13986: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13968: 13965: 13964: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13957: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13945: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13933: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13891: 13887: 13885: 13884: 13880: 13876: 13875:Death penalty 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13862: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13850: 13846: 13845: 13843: 13841:Other aspects 13839: 13833: 13832: 13828: 13826: 13825: 13821: 13819: 13818: 13814: 13812: 13811: 13807: 13805: 13804: 13800: 13798: 13797: 13793: 13791: 13790: 13786: 13785: 13783: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13764: 13761: 13755: 13754: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13742: 13738: 13736: 13735: 13731: 13729: 13728: 13724: 13722: 13721: 13717: 13716: 13714: 13712: 13708: 13702: 13701: 13697: 13695: 13694: 13690: 13688: 13687: 13683: 13681: 13680: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13665: 13663: 13661: 13657: 13653: 13646: 13645:Jurisprudence 13643: 13641: 13638: 13637: 13633: 13629: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13593: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13518: 13516: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13502: 13499: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13481: 13478: 13477: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13464: 13461: 13457: 13454: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13436: 13435: 13432: 13431: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13423: 13422: 13418: 13415: 13411: 13408: 13404: 13401: 13400: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13365: 13362: 13361: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13336: 13335: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13327: 13326:Denominations 13323: 13317: 13316: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13291: 13289: 13287: 13283: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13239: 13235: 13234: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13222: 13218: 13216: 13215: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13169: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13155: 13153: 13152: 13148: 13146: 13145: 13141: 13139: 13138: 13134: 13132: 13131: 13127: 13126: 13124: 13122: 13118: 13112: 13111:Holiest sites 13109: 13107: 13106:Judgement Day 13104: 13102: 13101: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13078: 13075: 13074: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13067: 13063: 13059: 13056: 13055: 13054: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13046: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13033: 13027: 13022: 13015: 13010: 13008: 13003: 13001: 12996: 12995: 12992: 12980: 12976: 12972: 12970: 12962: 12960: 12956: 12952: 12950: 12942: 12940: 12932: 12931: 12928: 12920: 12917: 12916: 12915: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12905: 12903: 12899: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12879: 12877: 12873: 12867: 12864: 12863: 12861: 12857: 12851: 12848: 12847: 12845: 12841: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12813: 12810: 12809: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12796: 12793: 12792: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12767: 12764: 12763: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12756:Maqām Ibrāhīm 12754: 12753: 12752: 12749: 12748: 12746: 12740: 12735: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12672: 12668: 12664: 12658: 12649: 12644: 12642: 12637: 12635: 12630: 12629: 12626: 12615: 12610: 12599: 12596: 12591: 12588: 12585: 12582: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12569: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12548: 12544: 12541: 12538: 12534: 12531: 12526: 12522: 12519: 12516: 12512: 12509: 12508: 12506: 12505: 12503: 12499:Bushes, trees 12497: 12489: 12486: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12476: 12473: 12470: 12466: 12463: 12460: 12456: 12453: 12450: 12446: 12443: 12440: 12437: 12434: 12430: 12427: 12426: 12424: 12420: 12414: 12411: 12408: 12405: 12402: 12399: 12396: 12393: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12381: 12372: 12369: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12358: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12346: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12336: 12330: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12302: 12300: 12296: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12260: 12253: 12249: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12239: 12237: 12235:Of Israelites 12233: 12226: 12222: 12221: 12216: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12207: 12205:(cult images) 12201: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12186: 12185: 12181: 12179: 12178:Staff of Musa 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12165: 12163: 12155: 12148: 12147: 12143: 12140: 12136: 12135: 12130: 12126: 12123: 12120: 12119: 12115: 12114: 12112: 12108: 12107: 12102: 12099: 12098: 12094: 12091: 12090: 12085: 12082: 12078: 12077: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12067: 12063: 12056: 12052: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12033: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12018: 12009: 12008: 12003: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11990: 11989: 11984: 11981: 11978: 11977: 11975: 11974: 11969: 11966: 11965: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11951: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11939: 11934: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11923: 11920: 11917: 11914: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11905: 11902: 11901: 11899: 11898: 11893: 11892: 11887: 11886: 11881: 11880: 11875: 11874: 11869: 11865: 11864: 11858: 11852: 11845: 11844: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11830: 11829: 11827: 11823: 11815: 11812: 11809: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11798: 11794:Months of the 11792: 11786: 11783: 11780: 11777: 11774: 11773: 11768: 11765: 11764: 11759: 11758: 11756: 11752: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11715: 11714: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11700: 11696: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11681: 11678: 11674: 11673: 11672:Sayl al-ʿArim 11669: 11667: 11664: 11661: 11660: 11656: 11653: 11652: 11649: 11642: 11638: 11628: 11624: 11621: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593:(Mesopotamia) 11592: 11591: 11587: 11585: 11581: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11553: 11552: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11540: 11535: 11534: 11530: 11529: 11527: 11526: 11521: 11520: 11518: 11514: 11511: 11510: 11509: 11506: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11489: 11486: 11480: 11477: 11474: 11470: 11467: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11456: 11455:Sacred Mosque 11452: 11449: 11446: 11442: 11439: 11436: 11435: 11431: 11430: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11409: 11405: 11402: 11401: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11388: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11370: 11367: 11363: 11360: 11355: 11354: 11350: 11349: 11348: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11340: 11335: 11329: 11325: 11322: 11315: 11314: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11303: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11293: 11291: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11281:or Tīh Desert 11279: 11275: 11269: 11266: 11261: 11257: 11254: 11253: 11251: 11247: 11246: 11242: 11238: 11235: 11232: 11231: 11230:Maqām Ibrāhīm 11227: 11224: 11220: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11202: 11200: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11180: 11179: 11175: 11173: 11169: 11166: 11163: 11159: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11144: 11141: 11140: 11138: 11137: 11133: 11132: 11130: 11126: 11120: 11113: 11110: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11080: 11076: 11075: 11071: 11068: 11064: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11052: 11050: 11049: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11038: 11031: 11027: 11006: 11003: 11000: 10997: 10996: 10995: 10992: 10988: 10985: 10981: 10980:Rabbani/Rabbi 10978: 10976: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10966: 10963: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10944: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10934: 10931: 10926: 10925: 10924: 10921: 10918: 10914: 10913: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10901: 10896: 10895: 10894: 10893: 10889: 10887: 10886: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10873: 10867: 10863: 10861: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10817: 10815: 10809: 10794: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10776: 10775: 10772: 10769: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10740: 10736: 10727: 10723: 10722:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 10720: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10705: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10670: 10666: 10665: 10660: 10654: 10651: 10648: 10647: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10619: 10616: 10615: 10614: 10610: 10603: 10600: 10597: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10587: 10584: 10583: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10566: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10552: 10549: 10546: 10543: 10542: 10540: 10538: 10537:People of Nuh 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10522: 10521: 10517: 10514: 10513: 10509: 10506: 10505: 10501: 10499: 10495: 10494: 10491: 10488: 10480: 10473: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10437: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10420: 10416: 10413: 10412: 10411: 10408: 10405: 10401: 10400:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 10398: 10393: 10390: 10389: 10388: 10385: 10384: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10367: 10363: 10349: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10330: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10316:Bal'am/Balaam 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10299:not specified 10295: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10272: 10269: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10251: 10248: 10245: 10241: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10231: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10194: 10191: 10188: 10184: 10180: 10177: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10162: 10156: 10153: 10148: 10144: 10140: 10137: 10134: 10131: 10127: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10109: 10107: 10101: 10094: 10091: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10073: 10071: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10061:Mary's mother 10059: 10056: 10052: 10051: 10049: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10034: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10023: 10021: 10020:Father Lamech 10018: 10017: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9994: 9992: 9988: 9984: 9977: 9973: 9958: 9955: 9952: 9948: 9945: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9932: 9921: 9917: 9913: 9910: 9907: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9883: 9876: 9872: 9869: 9866: 9862: 9859: 9856: 9852: 9849: 9845:(Son of Mary) 9844: 9841: 9838: 9834: 9831: 9830: 9828: 9824: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9807: 9806: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9792: 9791: 9786: 9779: 9775: 9772: 9770:son of Jacob) 9769: 9765: 9762: 9757: 9754: 9751: 9747: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9733: 9730: 9725: 9724: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9712: 9708: 9705: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9692:son of David) 9691: 9687: 9684: 9681: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9666: 9662: 9659: 9655: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9635: 9632: 9629: 9626: 9623: 9620: 9617: 9613: 9610: 9607: 9604: 9601: 9598: 9595: 9592: 9589: 9585: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9569: 9565: 9562: 9559: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9532: 9528: 9514: 9513: 9509: 9507: 9503: 9502: 9498: 9497: 9495: 9491: 9484: 9483: 9479: 9476: 9473:(the (chief) 9472: 9471: 9467: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9454: 9453: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9434: 9433: 9429: 9427: 9426: 9422: 9420: 9419: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9403: 9392: 9389: 9386: 9385: 9381: 9378: 9374: 9370: 9363: 9359: 9356: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9346: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9330: 9325: 9319: 9316: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9284: 9283: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9261: 9260: 9255: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9235: 9232: 9228: 9227: 9223: 9220: 9216: 9213: 9210: 9206: 9205:Dābbat al-Arḍ 9203: 9200: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9186: 9179: 9178: 9173: 9170: 9169: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9155: 9153: 9150:(dog) of the 9149: 9145: 9142: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9129: 9125: 9122: 9119: 9115: 9114: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9084: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9064: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9039: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9019: 9015: 9011: 9003: 8998: 8996: 8991: 8989: 8984: 8983: 8980: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8960: 8951: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8925: 8924: 8919: 8915: 8912: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8899: 8895: 8889: 8885: 8881: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8850: 8847:. 0500282056. 8846: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8819: 8817: 8803: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8784: 8780: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8765: 8752: 8748: 8747: 8742: 8736: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8704: 8695: 8691: 8690: 8685: 8679: 8671: 8667: 8666: 8661: 8655: 8653: 8636: 8632: 8631: 8626: 8620: 8612: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8596: 8588: 8584: 8578: 8571: 8567: 8564: 8559: 8552: 8547: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8525: 8519:– Makkah Gate 8516: 8512: 8506: 8499: 8495: 8492: 8487: 8479: 8472: 8466: 8450: 8446: 8440: 8433: 8427: 8419: 8418: 8410: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8380: 8365: 8359: 8355: 8354: 8346: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8290: 8282: 8276: 8272: 8265: 8257: 8255: 8247: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8215:. moh.gov.sa. 8214: 8210: 8207: 8202: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8182: 8167: 8163: 8157: 8141: 8137: 8130: 8123: 8118: 8102: 8096: 8080: 8073: 8067: 8051: 8047: 8041: 8025: 8019: 8003: 7999: 7992: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7897: 7893: 7887: 7880: 7876: 7873: 7868: 7866: 7849: 7845: 7839: 7837: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7802: 7798: 7792: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7766: 7758: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7736: 7732: 7725: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7673: 7669: 7662: 7647: 7643: 7637: 7621: 7617: 7611: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7593: 7588: 7580: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7560: 7544: 7540: 7534: 7518: 7514: 7508: 7493: 7489: 7482: 7475: 7470: 7463: 7459: 7456: 7451: 7449: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7415: 7411: 7406: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7386: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7367: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7344: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7326: 7320: 7312: 7311: 7305: 7304:"Mecca" 7300: 7294: 7286: 7279: 7263: 7259: 7253: 7237: 7233: 7227: 7220: 7215: 7213: 7205: 7204: 7203:Islamic World 7198: 7192: 7186: 7178: 7168: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7134: 7132: 7118: 7114: 7107: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7038: 7032: 7025: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7010: 7002: 7000:1-930409-11-7 6996: 6992: 6987: 6986: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6965: 6960: 6958: 6950: 6949: 6948:Islamic World 6943: 6941: 6932: 6926: 6922: 6921: 6913: 6906: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6875: 6874: 6873:Islamic World 6868: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6825: 6816: 6807: 6800: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6769: 6762: 6754: 6748: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6737:Lings, Martin 6732: 6724: 6722:0-0606-3126-0 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6681: 6675: 6667: 6665:0-87850-125-8 6661: 6657: 6650: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6607: 6599: 6592: 6584: 6578: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6554: 6547: 6541: 6533: 6526: 6518: 6512: 6508: 6501: 6495:, 1987, p.136 6494: 6488: 6480: 6474: 6470: 6463: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6429: 6422: 6414: 6408: 6404: 6397: 6388: 6379: 6372: 6366: 6357: 6349: 6343: 6339: 6332: 6324: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6297:(99): 10–37. 6296: 6292: 6288: 6281: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6259: 6255: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6216: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6183: 6175: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6156: 6148: 6147: 6139: 6137: 6127: 6121: 6115: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6076: 6074: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6040: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6021: 6019: 6010: 6004: 6000: 5995: 5994: 5985: 5977: 5971: 5967: 5966:Lonely Planet 5963: 5962: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5939: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5920:Wendy Doniger 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5899: 5891: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5871: 5862: 5854: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5831: 5823: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5808: 5800: 5792: 5786: 5782: 5781: 5773: 5767: 5761: 5759: 5750: 5744: 5740: 5739: 5731: 5729: 5712: 5708: 5702: 5694: 5688: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5598: 5592: 5584: 5578: 5574: 5569: 5568: 5559: 5557: 5548: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5532: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5506: 5499: 5498:The Economist 5493: 5485: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5468: 5466: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5422: 5419:9 June 2020. 5418: 5414: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5398: 5383: 5379: 5372: 5364: 5362:0-89381-752-X 5358: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5336: 5330: 5326: 5325: 5316: 5310: 5306: 5305: 5297: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5262: 5258: 5252: 5248: 5241: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5170: 5166: 5160: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5082:. 15 May 2023 5081: 5080:Dompet Dhuafa 5077: 5071: 5067: 5051: 5043: 5034: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4918: 4915: 4904: 4897: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4875:together via 4874: 4870: 4866: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4801: 4795:Rapid transit 4792: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4753: 4744: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4642: 4637: 4636: 4635:Saudi Gazette 4631: 4630: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4612:, an Ottoman 4611: 4596: 4594: 4593: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4520: 4513: 4508: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4431:Dhu al-Qi'dah 4428: 4423: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4401: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4350: 4338: 4326: 4314: 4304: 4300: 4288: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4226:, carpentry, 4225: 4221: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056:Mean monthly 4054: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4008: 4003: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3956: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3887: 3886:precipitation 3882: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3432: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3318: 3309: 3300: 3298: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3249: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3217: 3216:Jabal al-Nour 3213: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3184:Dhu al-Hijjah 3169: 3164: 3158: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3136: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3110: 3106: 3105:Maqam Ibrahim 3102: 3096:Maqam Ibrahim 3093: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3025: 3020: 3010: 3008: 3004: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2975: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2913: 2909: 2908:Jabal al-Nour 2904: 2899: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2855: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2753:T.E. Lawrence 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2728: 2722:Mecca in 1910 2720: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2523: 2519: 2518:Islamic realm 2514: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2444:Jabal al-Nour 2441: 2437: 2433: 2430:Muhammad was 2426: 2425: 2418: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2284:war elephants 2281: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2063: 2058: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1999:Old Testament 1996: 1991: 1989: 1988: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1935: 1931: 1924: 1913: 1906: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1730: 1727: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1677: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1656:Old Testament 1653: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1634: 1633: 1623:أُمّ ٱلْقُرَى 1617: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1569: 1562: 1553: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1529: 1524: 1518: 1515: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1479: 1471: 1465: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1422: 1417: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1374:Abraj Al Bait 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1204:; officially 1201: 1177: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1147: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 992: 989: 988: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 976:Proselytizing 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 895: 892: 890: 887: 886: 885: 884:Denominations 882: 878: 875: 874: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 834: 831: 827: 822: 821: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 790: 787: 786: 782: 780: 779: 775: 773: 772: 768: 767: 764: 761: 759: 756: 755: 752: 747: 746: 739: 737: 733: 731: 729: 725: 724: 720: 717: 715: 713: 709: 707: 705: 701: 699: 697: 693: 692: 688: 687: 682: 681: 676: 675: 671: 669: 668: 664: 663: 657: 654: 652: 649: 648: 644: 643: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 622: 619: 616: 614: 611: 610: 607: 602: 601: 594: 591: 590: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 563: 559: 556: 555: 552: 547: 546: 542: 538: 537: 534: 531: 530: 526: 522: 521: 513: 505: 501: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 480: 478: 474: 458: 454: 452: 448: 444: 442: 439: • 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 376: 373: 369: 366: 363: 359: 354: 350: 346: 342: 339: 335: 326: 322: 319: 316: 314: 310: 307: 304: 302: 298: 295: 284: 280: 275: 247:Coordinates: 245: 223: 214: 205: 200: 191: 185: 177: 176:Jabal al-Nour 171: 161: 155: 147: 141: 131: 127: 121: 111: 98: 93: 86: 69: 57: 56: 43: 37: 33: 19: 16245:Prostitution 16218:universities 16191:Demographics 16086:Oil reserves 15931:Human rights 15798:Governorates 15682:Saudi Arabia 15570:Nughayshiyah 15554: 15470:Harat al Bab 15335:Ash Shumaysi 15305:Ash Shara'i` 15300:Ash Shamiyah 15170:Al Yamaniyah 15090:Al Mundassah 15060:Al Mashayikh 14818: 14815: 14685:Al Qunfudhah 14582: 14409:Islamophobia 14274:Christianity 14222: 14155:Contemporary 14049:Architecture 13988: 13954: 13942: 13930: 13888: 13881: 13847: 13829: 13824:Nikah mut'ah 13822: 13815: 13808: 13801: 13794: 13787: 13751: 13739: 13732: 13725: 13718: 13698: 13691: 13684: 13677: 13590: 13313: 13237: 13219: 13212: 13156: 13149: 13142: 13135: 13128: 13121:Five Pillars 13098: 13064: 13053:God in Islam 13030: 12824:Mount Arafat 12795:Cave of Hira 12790:Jabal al-Nur 12724:Saudi Arabia 12662: 12613: 12597: 12589: 12583: 12577: 12542: 12532: 12520: 12510: 12484:In Paradise 12474: 12464: 12454: 12444: 12438: 12428: 12412: 12409:(Plant stem) 12406: 12400: 12394: 12388: 12383:Plant matter 12370: 12364: 12356: 12350: 12344: 12338: 12247: 12218: 12214: 12182: 12146:Umm al-Kitāb 12144: 12131: 12118:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 12116: 12103: 12095: 12086: 12073: 12030: 12026:Ghadir Khumm 12010:('The Dawn') 12004: 11998: 11985: 11979: 11970: 11961: 11955: 11952:('The Noon') 11946: 11935: 11929: 11921: 11915: 11909: 11903: 11895: 11889: 11883: 11877: 11871: 11861: 11840: 11831: 11781:Days of Hajj 11769: 11766:(The Friday) 11760: 11712: 11670: 11657: 11625:Paradise of 11612:Jordan River 11607:Dār an-Nadwa 11606: 11588: 11550: 11545:Cave of Hira 11537: 11532: 11522: 11469:Masjid Qubāʾ 11468: 11450: 11440: 11432: 11418: 11406: 11398: 11372:Qaryat Yūnus 11371: 11361: 11351: 11311: 11301: 11287: 11278:Sinai Region 11260:Dam of Sheba 11255: 11243: 11228: 11218: 11209: 11198: 11194: 11176: 11154: 11142: 11134: 11104: 11099: 11089: 11072: 11059: 11046: 10964: 10942: 10933:Ahl al-Kitāb 10932: 10910: 10906:Zoroastrians 10902: 10897:disbelievers 10890: 10883: 10841:Banu Qurayza 10836:Banu Qaynuqa 10825:Ahl as-Suffa 10824: 10738: 10721: 10693: 10662: 10645: 10630:Sons of Adam 10612: 10585: 10561: 10553: 10544: 10518: 10512:Banī Isrāʾīl 10510: 10503: 10468: 10431: 10414: 10399: 10386: 10331:Luqman's son 10178: 10142: 10135: 10125: 10029:Luqman's son 10000:Martyred son 9892:Dhūl-Qarnain 9842: 9832: 9796:Perseverance 9788: 9766:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 9756:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 9755: 9744:('He of the 9741: 9654:Dhabih Ullah 9510: 9505: 9499: 9480: 9468: 9450: 9438: 9430: 9423: 9416: 9405: 9384:Malakul-Mawt 9382: 9357: 9351: 9343: 9328: 9299: 9280: 9257: 9236: 9224: 9214: 9204: 9194: 9175: 9166: 9157: 9147: 9143:) of Solomon 9134: 9123: 9111: 9102: 9093: 9062: 8949: 8928:. 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Retrieved 5079: 5070: 5050: 5020: 4977: 4935: 4928:Islam portal 4867:, named the 4862: 4839: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4821: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4758: 4740: 4726: 4708:World War II 4704: 4691:Al-Ekhbariya 4664: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4607: 4591: 4579: 4568: 4542: 4523: 4516: 4486: 4448: 4424: 4419: 4416:Great Mosque 4413: 4404:Demographics 4399: 4272: 4256: 4242: 4240: 4217: 4194:flag carrier 4182: 3888:mm (inches) 3467: 3457: 3435: 3428: 3403:ʿAyn Zubayda 3384:Mount Arafat 3326: 3306: 3294: 3280: 3277: 3265:Nafud desert 3261:Hejaz region 3258: 3230: 3221: 3207:Jabal an-Nur 3201:Mount Arafat 3188: 3182: 3179: 3141: 3138: 3121: 3116: 3113: 3082: 3064: 3050: 3028: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3000: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2948: 2938: 2937: 2917: 2891: 2890: 2869: 2859: 2858: 2851: 2808: 2789: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2749:Siege of Kut 2730: 2726: 2725: 2696: 2674: 2668: 2658: 2643: 2642: 2633: 2627: 2574:Second Fitna 2547: 2532: 2522:Muslim world 2510: 2506:Five Pillars 2499: 2468: 2463: 2429: 2422: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2301: 2274: 2232: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2193:local tribes 2190: 2175: 2131:Persian Gulf 2115:trade routes 2081: 2061: 2059: 2052:عَبْد مَكَّة 2045: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2010: 1992: 1985: 1965:Noahic Flood 1942: 1894: 1893: 1886: 1868: 1860: 1834: 1808: 1800: 1793: 1770: 1764: 1760: 1731: 1729:illiterate. 1722: 1704: 1698: 1691:paleontology 1688: 1612: 1599:Arabia Felix 1592: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1532: 1527: 1481: 1449: 1412: 1401: 1355: 1305:Jabal al-Nur 1285: 1222:Saudi Arabia 1209: 1205: 1175: 1174: 1093:Islamophobia 872:Demographics 867:Circumcision 783: 776: 769: 735: 727: 711: 703: 695: 684: 678: 672: 665: 294:Saudi Arabia 160:Mount Arafat 36: 16480:Holy cities 16285:Visual arts 16225:Health care 16061:Agriculture 16005:Air Defense 15968:Visa policy 15793:Earthquakes 15742:Unification 15610:Shi`b `amir 15560:Murshidiyah 15320:Ash Shishah 15295:Ash Shajwah 15240:As Sabahani 15230:Ar Rudaymah 15160:Al Ukhaydir 15155:Al Qu`tubah 15095:Al Muqayti` 15085:Al Mulayha' 15055:Al Masfalah 15050:Al Masarrah 15015:Al Khulasah 14985:Al Ju`ranah 14910:Al Fawwarah 14905:Al Buraykah 14840:Abu Shu`ayb 14762:cdsi.gov.sa 14680:Al Majma'ah 14663:<300,000 14279:Catholicism 14174:Other areas 14165:Theological 14160:Eschatology 14117:Mathematics 14054:Calligraphy 13984:Theological 13938:Inheritance 13855:Cleanliness 13227:Shi'a Imams 13221:Ahl al-Bayt 12887:Mecca Metro 12866:Al-Wehda FC 12802:Jabal Thawr 12778:Zamzam Well 12766:Black Stone 12459:Pomegranate 12359:(The Earth) 12252:golden calf 11825:Pilgrimages 11558:Hudaybiyyah 11473:Quba Mosque 11427:Prostration 11378:,' that is 11339:Mesopotamia 11328:Mount Tabor 11324:Mount Sinai 11306:Mount Sinai 11256:ʿArim Sabaʾ 10994:Polytheists 10744:Household') 10739:Ahl al-Bayt 10696:(People of 10694:Qawm Tubbaʿ 10640:Wife of Lut 10635:Wife of Nuh 10486:or families 10484:ethnicities 10205:Moses' wife 9688:ibn Dāwūd ( 9470:ash-Shayṭān 9362:Holy Spirit 9188:Non-related 8930:19 February 8880:Ibn Khaldun 8171:26 December 7854:15 February 7781:9 September 7714:9 September 7206:, pp. 17–18 6966:, pp. 16–17 6548:; 1987; p.7 6530:Procopius. 6452:16 November 6314:10023/25835 5427:8 September 5230:29 February 5224:Euromonitor 4836:Mecca Metro 4830:Mecca Metro 4624:Umm al-Qurā 4549:Al Wahda FC 4492:expatriates 4482:Afghanistan 4443:South Asian 4435:ethnicities 4243:Al Akashiya 4103:Mean daily 3368:ʿAyn Ḥunayn 3345:gold dinars 3333:Zamzam Well 3227:Hira'a Cave 3079:Black Stone 3035:Zamzam Well 2956:were killed 2885:Safa-Marwah 2733:World War I 2630:Ibn Battuta 2615:Black Death 2607:Muslim sect 2598:millenarian 2448:revelations 2436:Banu Hashim 2404: / 2346:Abyssinians 2182:Zamzam Well 2111:spice trade 2046:ʿAbd Mekkat 1824:, from the 1616:Umm al-Qurā 1609:Other names 1556:مكة المكرمة 1275:Dhūl-Ḥijjah 1108:Laws of war 771:Ahl al-Bayt 656:Foundations 324:Established 313:Governorate 269: / 104:مكة المكرمة 16449:Categories 16310:television 16181:Censorship 16103:Irrigation 15430:Dughaybjah 15370:Az Zughbah 15315:Ash Shaybi 15285:As Suwadah 15270:As Sifyani 15135:Al Qirshan 15120:Al Qararah 15115:Al Qadimah 15075:Al Mubarak 15070:Al Ma`rash 15065:Al Mathnah 15005:Al Khaydar 15000:Al Khamrah 14970:Al Jami`ah 14965:Al Jadidah 14955:Al Hawiyah 14945:Al Hamimah 14940:Al Halaqah 14925:Al Gharith 14895:Al Barabir 14845:Abu `Urwah 14835:Abu Qirfah 14830:Abu Hisani 14740:Ras Tanura 14339:Ex-Muslims 14224:Shu'ubiyya 14218:Psychology 14206:Literature 14196:Inventions 14142:Philosophy 13950:Leadership 13926:Honorifics 13581:Philosophy 13388:Isma'ilism 13349:Maturidism 13232:Caliphates 13203:Golden Age 13094:Revelation 12901:Pilgrimage 12819:Muzdalifah 12744:and places 12353:(Planets) 12347:(The Moon) 12298:Of Quraysh 12173:Noah's Ark 12066:Holy books 11910:Al-Ghuduww 11904:Al-ʿAshiyy 11868:Invocation 11860:Times for 11711:Battle of 11702:Battles or 11294:(The Holy 11160:(formerly 11107:(Mainland 10917:Hypocrites 10864:People of 10831:Banu Nadir 10811:Implicitly 10653:Son of Nuh 10611:People of 10545:Ahl Madyan 10520:Muʾtafikāt 10440:Al-Raqaim? 10415:Ḥawāriyyūn 10297:Implied or 10242:(possibly 10172:Egyptians 10164:People of 10122:Egyptians 9943:(Jeremiah) 9843:Ibn Maryam 9596:(Ezekiel?) 9435:(Asmodeus) 9329:Muqarrabun 9065:(Generous) 9035:Non-humans 9023:Characters 8856:. Leiden: 8835:ETH Zurich 8833:. Zurich: 8814:See also: 8534:Al Arabiya 8309:23 October 8166:ArgaamPlus 8107:1 November 8085:25 January 8056:29 October 7981:11 October 7956:11 October 7686:1152068721 7549:18 January 7523:18 January 7497:17 January 7091:aliftaa.jo 6491:Crane, P. 6197:. London. 5878:. p. 5482:. London. 5443:companions 5194:Salamislam 5174:3 February 5111:3 February 5062:References 4814:Muzdalifah 4761:Highway 40 4661:Television 4641:Al Madinah 4586:Haram area 4582:Mecca Gate 4563:See also: 4494:outnumber 4467:Guru Nanak 4408:See also: 4228:upholstery 4159:Source 2: 4150:Source 1: 3960:(≥ 1.0 mm) 3303:Topography 3197:Muzdalifah 2935:pilgrims. 2864:See also: 2854:haram area 2679:of Egypt, 2594:Qarmatians 2410: ( 2391:39°49′48″E 2388:21°25′30″N 2342:Banu Tamim 2270:defecating 2233:al-Qullays 2153:, and the 2151:Ghassanids 1861:Historian 1848:Himyarites 1844:Ghassanids 1807:adjective 1781:Leuke Kome 1737:and other 1685:Prehistory 1660:Genesis 21 1265:pilgrimage 961:Philosophy 698:(exegesis) 635:Pilgrimage 625:Almsgiving 410:Population 356:Government 337:Founded by 257:39°49′24″E 254:21°25′21″N 16250:Terrorism 16213:libraries 16208:Education 16143:Transport 16066:Companies 16000:Air Force 15953:Judiciary 15921:Elections 15911:Basic Law 15808:Provinces 15803:Mountains 15766:Geography 15605:Shira`ayn 15380:Az Zuwayb 15375:Az Zurra` 15360:Az Zaymah 15350:At Tarfa' 15345:At Tan`im 15325:Ash Shi`b 15290:Ash Shafa 15145:Al Qufayf 15125:Al Qaryat 15110:Al Muwayh 15045:Al Maqrah 15040:Al Mahjar 15035:Al Maghal 15020:Al Kidwah 14995:Al Khalas 14950:Al Harra' 14930:Al Ghulah 14915:Al Faydah 14885:Al Ashraf 14850:Ad Dabbah 14456:Symbolism 14414:Incidents 14392:Criticism 14284:Mormonism 14181:Astrology 14107:Cosmology 14102:Astronomy 14044:Arabesque 13911:Etiquette 13870:Blasphemy 13660:Economics 13475:Ahmadiyya 13417:Muhakkima 13364:Wahhabism 13354:Mu'tazili 13339:Ash'arism 12875:Transport 12843:Education 12742:Landmarks 12547:Date palm 12537:Palm tree 12525:Lote-tree 12501:or plants 12445:Qith-thāʾ 12373:(The Sun) 12371:Ash-Shams 12332:Celestial 12225:False god 12161:or beings 12159:of people 12141:of David) 12083:of Jesus) 11916:Al-Bukrah 11679:in Sheba) 11457:of Mecca) 11414:Monastery 11392:locations 11390:Religious 11347:Al-Jūdiyy 11040:Mentioned 11034:Locations 10947:Christian 10927:Believers 10912:Munāfiqūn 10875:Religious 10813:mentioned 10726:Stoneland 10602:Muhajirun 10380:Mentioned 10282:Abū Lahab 10277:As-Sāmirī 10267:(Goliath) 10233:Evil ones 10147:Zulaykhah 10103:People of 9990:Good ones 9790:Ulul-ʿAzm 9778:Zechariah 9774:Zakariyyā 9594:Dhūl-Kifl 9547:Mentioned 9393:(Michael) 9282:Zabāniyah 9259:Malāʾikah 9231:Honey bee 8918:"Quraysh" 8715:Arab News 7749:857109543 7287:. Cosimo. 7014:"Abraha." 6859:162654756 6641:154910558 6323:247974816 6291:Der Islam 6272:978697983 6232:0028-0836 6106:1068-1051 5717:1 January 5435:Wahhābism 5413:Edinburgh 4991:romanized 4859:Intercity 4683:Saudi TV2 4679:Saudi TV1 4667:Abdulaziz 4484:in 1853. 4475:Qadiriyya 4465:in 1503. 4451:Saudi law 3397:romanized 3392:عين زبيدة 3362:romanized 3351:from the 3291:Elevation 3267:from the 3243:Geography 3193:Mina/Muna 3085:meteorite 2708:outbreaks 2632:. In his 2492:Islamized 2488:Banu Bakr 2470:Muhajirun 2452:archangel 2225:cathedral 2221:Ibn Ishaq 2171:Khosrau I 2139:Euphrates 2018:midrashic 2015:Samaritan 1836:Procopius 1743:Abyssinia 1705:Saadanius 1700:Saadanius 1581:The word 1452:etymology 1446:Etymology 1301:atop the 1299:Hira cave 1271:month of 1081:terrorism 1033:Criticism 986:Sexuality 956:Mysticism 926:Festivals 906:Education 901:Economics 837:Academics 793:Caliphate 606:Practices 494:Area code 477:Time zone 418:2,385,509 402:Elevation 16429:Category 16356:Heritage 16344:football 16327:Religion 16300:Language 16240:Polygamy 16176:Abortion 15982:Military 15963:Passport 15832:Politics 15818:Wildlife 15686:articles 15620:Sumaymah 15585:Quwayzah 15530:Mashajji 15515:Madrakah 15495:Julayyil 15420:Burayman 15415:Buraykah 15365:Az Zilal 15355:At Turqi 15220:Ar Rihab 15205:Ar Rafah 15185:Al`Awali 15025:Al Kura` 15010:Al Khayf 14980:Al Jumum 14900:Al Bi'ar 14890:Al Balad 14816:Capital: 14760:Source: 14670:Al Bahah 14619:Buraidah 14614:Al-Kharj 14494:Category 14387:Islamism 14370:Muhammad 14326:Apostasy 14301:Hinduism 14191:Feminism 14122:Medicine 13962:Military 13916:Gambling 13865:Apostasy 13860:Criminal 13772:Marriage 13741:Tayammum 13693:Murabaha 13566:Madrasas 13556:Holidays 13546:Clothing 13541:Children 13536:Calendar 13487:Quranism 13421:Khawarij 13393:Alawites 13344:Atharism 13238:Rashidun 13077:In Islam 13072:Muhammad 12939:Category 12679:Timeline 12535:(Tender 12515:Tamarisk 12449:Cucumber 12367:(Stars) 12345:Al-Qamar 12310:Al-ʿUzzā 12157:Objects 11971:Qabl al- 11922:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 11785:Doomsday 11713:al-Aḥzāb 11403:(Church) 11136:Al-Aḥqāf 11074:Jahannam 11067:Paradise 10674:Bedouins 10469:Qawm Lūṭ 10311:Abu Bakr 10141:Wife of 10130:Potiphar 10113:Binyāmin 9833:Al-Masīḥ 9805:Muḥammad 9742:Dhūn-Nūn 9686:Sulaymān 9624:(Elijah) 9536:Prophets 9452:Shayāṭīn 9410:(Genies) 9238:Qaswarah 9219:Wild ass 9197:(Female 9195:ʿAnkabūt 9118:elephant 8882:(1967). 8871:ABC-CLIO 8825:(2000). 8751:Archived 8725:14 April 8694:Archived 8670:Archived 8566:Archived 8538:Archived 8494:Archived 8449:Archived 8335:27 April 8303:Archived 8230:Archived 8209:Archived 8191:Archived 8030:2 August 8008:24 March 7875:Archived 7827:Archived 7651:23 March 7620:Archived 7618:. NDTV. 7595:Archived 7567:(2006). 7543:Archived 7517:Archived 7458:Archived 7437:3 August 7374:Archived 7328:Archived 7236:Archived 7123:15 March 7040:Archived 7017:Archived 6739:(1983). 6692:22:25-37 6633:40378894 6199:Archived 5812:Springer 5711:Archived 5677:20 April 5599:(2011). 5514:Archived 5484:Archived 5447:Muhammad 5433:Because 5421:Archived 5351:(2005). 5198:Archived 4900:See also 4653:Al Bilad 4629:Al Nadwa 4619:Al Qibla 4545:Football 4214:in Mecca 4098:3,400.5 4005:Average 3884:Average 3669:(101.3) 3654:(104.7) 3649:(109.2) 3644:(109.2) 3639:(109.8) 3634:(111.0) 3629:(108.3) 3624:(102.2) 3599:(125.2) 3594:(102.9) 3589:(106.2) 3584:(116.6) 3579:(121.6) 3574:(122.0) 3569:(123.8) 3564:(125.2) 3559:(120.9) 3554:(112.5) 3549:(108.3) 3544:(104.0) 3539:(102.2) 3431:cisterns 3357:عين حنين 3349:aqueduct 3281:al-Haram 2952:stampede 2925:Abu Bakr 2921:Khadijah 2741:Istanbul 2618:pandemic 2604:Isma'ili 2562:Damascus 2358:Muhammad 2338:Bedouins 2305:smallpox 2249:Muhammad 2231:, named 2188:routes. 2147:Lakhmids 2133:via the 2107:Muhammad 2038:Thamudic 2022:Nebaioth 2003:Psalm 84 2001:chapter 1846:and the 1703:fossil. 1495:Al Imran 1370:Ibn Saud 1341:. It is 1295:Muhammad 1224:and the 1117:Glossary 1103:Jihadism 1076:Violence 1071:Islamism 1042:Muhammad 1028:Apostasy 971:Politics 921:Feminism 916:Exorcism 877:Diaspora 862:Children 857:Calendar 785:Rashidun 763:Muhammad 758:Timeline 719:Mathnawi 581:Prophets 525:a series 523:Part of 301:Province 75:أم القرى 16500:Red Sea 16413:Outline 16366:Symbols 16351:Theatre 16295:Cuisine 16272:Culture 16235:Obesity 16164:Society 16138:Tourism 16049:Economy 15853:Cabinet 15788:Climate 15778:Borders 15694:History 15635:Turubah 15630:Tharwah 15595:Sabuhah 15590:Raqiyah 15565:Mushrif 15545:Matiyah 15525:Malakan 15505:Khumrah 15500:Khulays 15465:Halamah 15400:Baranah 15245:As Sadr 15190:An Naqa 15180:Al Ābār 15165:Al Waht 15140:Al Qirw 15100:Al Muqr 14975:Al Jid` 14935:Al Hada 14920:Al Fazz 14875:Ad Dirs 14860:Ad Dawh 14855:Ad Daff 14745:Unaizah 14725:Sakakah 14715:Diriyah 14710:Dhahran 14675:Al Lith 14441:Nursing 14402:Qutbism 14316:Sikhism 14311:Judaism 14306:Jainism 14296:Druzism 14132:Physics 14079:Pottery 14064:Gardens 14059:Carpets 13974:Slavery 13896:Divorce 13883:Dhabiĥa 13711:Hygiene 13686:Takaful 13668:Banking 13598:Science 13592:Qurbani 13561:Mosques 13521:Animals 13510:Culture 13444:Nukkari 13439:Azzabas 13426:Azariqa 13410:Zaydism 13398:Alevism 13274:Ottoman 13264:Almohad 13259:Fatimid 13254:Córdoba 13249:Abbasid 13244:Umayyad 13177:Leaders 13172:History 13130:Shahada 13045:Beliefs 12949:Commons 12684:Quraysh 12671:History 12600:(Drink) 12586:(River) 12571:Liquids 12403:(Shoot) 12391:(Onion) 12351:Kawākib 12339:Maṣābīḥ 12284:Yaghūth 12020:Implied 11980:Al-Aṣīl 11930:Al-Layl 11814:Ramaḍān 11763:Jumuʿah 11627:Shaddad 11519:Arabia 11513:Antakya 11508:Antioch 11501:Implied 11445:Al-Aqsa 11380:Nineveh 11366:Babylon 11211:Ḥaraman 11181:(Hegra) 11178:Al-Ḥijr 11168:ʿArafāt 11162:Yathrib 11157:Madīnah 10987:Sabians 10923:Muslims 10892:Kāfirūn 10860:Khazraj 10711:Quraysh 10482:Tribes, 10404:Sabbath 10348:Shaddad 10321:Barṣīṣā 10254:Pharaoh 10250:Firʿawn 9947:Ṣamūʾīl 9934:Implied 9865:Abraham 9837:Messiah 9690:Solomon 9676:Shuʿayb 9648:Ishmael 9644:Ismāʿīl 9608:(Eber?) 9602:(Aaron) 9564:Al-Yasa 9501:Ghilmān 9377:Raphael 9373:Isrāfīl 9136:hud-hud 9086:Related 9079:Animals 8641:25 June 8551:"Roads" 8455:6 April 8399:6 April 8236:6 April 7976:GE News 7902:6 April 7807:29 June 7414:Encarta 7410:"Mecca" 7268:6 April 7242:6 April 7232:"Mecca" 7221:, p. 32 7219:Lapidus 7191:105:1-5 7146:Marr JS 7131:Najashi 6964:Lapidus 6951:, p. 13 6907:, p. 14 6905:Lapidus 6876:, p. 20 6705:"Kaaba" 6532:History 5922:(ed.). 5644:28 July 5387:19 June 5086:30 July 5005: 4993:: 4525:Al Baik 4502:Culture 4463:Bologna 4455:Ahmadis 4393:‎ 4381:‎ 4369:‎ 4357:‎ 4345:‎ 4333:‎ 4321:‎ 4310:‎ 4295:‎ 4283:‎ 4171:Economy 3953:(4.12) 3948:(0.97) 3943:(0.91) 3938:(0.56) 3933:(0.25) 3928:(0.23) 3923:(0.06) 3913:(0.10) 3908:(0.33) 3903:(0.20) 3898:(0.10) 3893:(0.81) 3879:(50.0) 3874:(54.3) 3869:(61.5) 3864:(64.4) 3859:(71.6) 3854:(74.1) 3849:(74.1) 3844:(71.6) 3839:(68.5) 3834:(60.1) 3829:(55.4) 3824:(50.0) 3819:(51.8) 3809:(77.5) 3804:(69.3) 3799:(74.1) 3794:(79.7) 3789:(84.6) 3784:(86.2) 3779:(85.6) 3774:(84.7) 3769:(82.6) 3764:(77.2) 3759:(71.2) 3754:(67.8) 3749:(66.6) 3739:(88.2) 3734:(78.6) 3729:(83.7) 3724:(90.5) 3719:(95.4) 3714:(96.6) 3709:(97.2) 3704:(97.2) 3699:(94.3) 3694:(88.3) 3689:(82.0) 3684:(77.7) 3679:(75.7) 3664:(90.5) 3659:(96.1) 3619:(95.7) 3614:(90.7) 3609:(87.6) 3448:Climate 3421:sultan 3419:Ottoman 3415:Zubayda 3411: 3399:: 3386:called 3376: 3364:: 3337:Zubayda 3285:Ibrahim 3269:Red Sea 3233:Gabriel 2743:in the 2705:cholera 2685:in 1813 2670:Khedive 2609:led by 2584:CE and 2570:Baghdad 2455:Jibreel 2440:Quraysh 2323:Economy 2288:Khuza'a 2272:in it. 2266:Quraysh 2261:Hudhayl 2253:Tihamah 2213:Islamic 2186:caravan 2163:Palmyra 2123:Red Sea 2099:Quraish 2054:‎ 2026:Ishmael 2009:In the 1997:in the 1969:Ibrāhīm 1961:Ishmael 1953:Abraham 1930:Ottoman 1928:A 1787 1852:Quraysh 1805:Aramaic 1801:Makkah" 1797:Ptolemy 1747:Madinah 1695:primate 1680:History 1640:Tihāmah 1632:ahadith 1625:‎ 1597:Felix' 1576:Al-Fath 1563: 1503:Ibrahim 1339:Ishmael 1335:Abraham 1234:Red Sea 1232:on the 1216:in the 998:Slavery 981:Science 936:Madrasa 931:Finance 842:Animals 830:society 826:Culture 798:Imamate 778:Sahabah 751:History 721:(Poems) 706:(creed) 630:Fasting 558:Oneness 551:Beliefs 503:Website 498:+966-12 467:‎ 451:Demonym 345:Ismāʿīl 341:Ibrāhīm 282:Country 52:‎ 16434:Portal 16384:Emblem 16374:Anthem 16290:Cinema 16081:Energy 15684: 15625:Suways 15615:Sulaym 15550:Ma`shi 15540:Maskar 15520:Mafruq 15510:Kulakh 15490:Jeddah 15485:Husnah 15455:Hadhah 15445:Hadda' 15425:Dabyah 15405:Barzah 15395:Bahwil 15385:Bahrah 14880:Ad Dur 14735:Khafji 14695:Abqaiq 14644:Najran 14639:Khobar 14634:Jubail 14593:Riyadh 14588:Medina 14573:Jeddah 14563:Dammam 14253: 14211:poetry 14021: 13906:Ethics 13890:Dhimmi 13849:Baligh 13810:Mahram 13767:Family 13747:Toilet 13727:Miswak 13480:Lahori 13463:Najdat 13359:Salafi 13309:Seerah 13304:Tafsir 13299:Hadith 13269:Sokoto 13214:Sahaba 13089:Angels 13066:Tawhid 13023:topics 12979:Voyage 12969:Quotes 12859:Sports 12598:Sharāb 12558:Zaqqūm 12475:Zaytūn 12455:Rummān 12441:(Herb) 12433:Lentil 12422:Fruits 12415:(Seed) 12357:Al-Arḍ 12334:bodies 12305:Al-Lāt 12220:Ṭāghūt 12211:'Ansāb 12139:Psalms 12106:Tawrāt 12089:Qurʾān 12081:Gospel 11973:Ghurūb 11938:ʿIshāʾ 11897:Tasbīḥ 11891:Takbīr 11885:Taḥmīd 11677:Ma'rib 11597:Canaan 11584:'Ariha 11582:& 11423:Mosque 11419:Masjid 11408:Miḥrāb 11219:Kaʿbah 11213:Āminan 11205:Bakkah 11195:Makkah 11190:Ḥunayn 11122:In the 11094:Midian 11090:Madyan 11062:Jannah 10943:Naṣārā 10877:groups 10820:Amalek 10716:Thamūd 10504:Ar-Rūm 10464:Medina 10370:Groups 10340:Nimrod 10306:Abraha 10220:Sister 10215:Mother 10155:Mother 10117:Simeon 10105:Joseph 10086:Vizier 10076:Mother 9951:Samuel 9941:Irmiyā 9920:Gideon 9902:Maryam 9897:Luqmān 9814:Other 9768:Joseph 9717:Yaʿqūb 9628:ʿImrān 9568:Elisha 9506:Wildān 9493:Others 9457:Demons 9425:ʿIfrīt 9391:Mīkāil 9360:('The 9345:Ar-Rūḥ 9338:Jibrīl 9264:Angels 9199:spider 9159:namlah 9141:hoopoe 9095:baqara 9047:('The 8940:Online 8890: 8841: 8798: 8775: 8369:5 June 8360: 8277: 8122:Mecca. 7747: 7737: 7684: 7674: 7575: 7189:Quran 7096:7 July 7071:7 July 6997: 6927: 6857: 6851:616125 6849: 6749: 6719: 6690:Quran 6678:Quran 6662: 6639: 6631: 6579: 6513: 6475: 6409: 6344: 6321: 6270: 6260: 6230: 6215:Nature 6170: 6118:Quran 6104: 6062:13 May 6035: 6005: 5972: 5934: 5886: 5849: 5818: 5787: 5764:Quran 5745: 5613: 5579: 5455:Medina 5359: 5331: 5311: 5281: 5253: 5204:31 May 5147: 5125:Quran 5033:Makkah 5029:مَكَّة 5025:Arabic 4982:Arabic 4940:, the 4889:Rabigh 4877:Jeddah 4873:Medina 4810:Arafat 4781:Jordan 4773:Dammam 4769:Riyadh 4765:Jeddah 4733:Jeddah 4675:Riyadh 4539:Sports 4533:Jeddah 4529:Medina 4496:Saudis 4303:Arabic 4260:public 4198:Saudia 4095:248.0 4092:264.0 4089:300.7 4086:282.0 4083:297.6 4080:313.1 4077:321.0 4074:303.8 4071:282.0 4068:282.1 4065:245.8 4062:260.4 3918:(0.0) 3490:Month 3464:Köppen 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