235:
69:
316:
418:
than men. The women and the children herd the animals to the net, while the men guard the net. Everyone engages in foraging, and women and men both take care of the children. Women are in charge of cooking, cleaning and repairing the hut, and obtaining water. The kin-based units work together to provide food and care for the young. It is easier for men to lift the women into the trees for honey.
37:
528:, but Turnbull also reported the use of metal drainpipes. The sound produced by a molimo is considered more important than the material it is made out of. When not in use, the trumpet is stored in the trees of the forest. During a celebration, the trumpet is retrieved by the youth of the village and carried back to the fire.
516:
is noisily celebrated to wake the forest, in the belief that if bad things are happening to its children, it must be asleep. As with many
Bambuti rituals, the time it takes to complete a molimo is not rigidly set; instead, it is determined by the mood of the group. Food is collected from each hut to
417:
Hunting is usually done in groups, with men, women, and children all aiding in the process. Women and children are not involved if the hunting involves the use of a bow and arrow, but if nets are used, it is common for everyone to participate. In some instances, women may hunt using a net more often
405:
and arrows to hunt game. Women and children sometimes assist in the hunt by driving the prey into the nets. Both sexes gather and forage. Each band has its own hunting ground, although boundaries are hard to maintain. The Mbuti call the forest "mother" and "father" as the mood seizes them, because,
306:
House construction begins with the tracing of the outline of the house into the ground. The walls of the structures are strong sticks that are placed in the ground, and at the top of the sticks, a vine is tied around them to keep them together. Large leaves and grass are used in the construction of
484:
society in which the band is the highest form of social organization. Leadership may be displayed for example on hunting treks. Men become leaders because they are good hunters. Owing to their superior hunting ability, leaders eat more meat and fat and fewer carbohydrates than other men. Men and
2243:
471:
does occur, but at different rates depending on the group, and it is not very common. The sexual intercourse of married couples is regarded as an act entirely different from that of unmarried partners, for only in marriage may children be conceived.
536:
The way of life of the
Bambuti is threatened for various reasons. Their territory in the DRC has no legal protections, and the boundaries that each band claims are not formally established. Bambuti are no longer allowed to hunt large game. Due to
517:
feed the molimo, and in the evening the ritual is accompanied by the men dancing and singing around the fire. Women and children must remain in their huts with the doors closed. These practices were studied thoroughly by
British anthropologist
180:, and are one of the oldest indigenous people of the Congo region of Africa. The Bambuti are composed of bands which are relatively small in size, ranging from 15 to 60 people. The Bambuti population totals about 30,000 to 40,000 people. Many
426:
According to a study published in 1987, based on fieldwork and data gathered between 1974 and 1985, the Mbuti restrict some 40% of the over 500 species of plants and animals they gather and hunt, including some 85% of the animals. The
503:
Everything in the
Bambuti life is centered on the forest. They consider the forest to be their great protector and provider and believe that it is a sacred place. They sometimes call the forest "mother" or "father". An important
2251:(West-central African linguistic history between Macro-Sudan Belt and Niger-Congo: commemorating Diedrich Westermann’s legacy and the 100th anniversary of the Berlin professorship for African languages), 4-6 November 2021,
409:
The Bantu villagers produce many items that the hunter-gatherers trade some of their products for. They often obtain iron goods, pots, wooden goods, and basketry, in exchange for meat, animal hides, and other forest goods.
2187:
Wood, Elizabeth T; Stover, Daryn A; Ehret, Christopher; Destro-Bisol, Giovanni; Spedini, Gabriella; McLeod, Howard; Louie, Leslie; Bamshad, Mike; Strassmann, Beverly I; Soodyall, Himla; Hammer, Michael F (27 April 2005).
257:
covering about 63,000 km (24,000 square miles) of the north/northeast portion of the DRC. In this area, there is a high amount of rainfall annually, ranging from 1,300 to 1,800 mm (50 to 70 inches). The
2411:
489:, or offense, then the offender may be banished, beaten, or scorned. In more recent times the practice is to remove the offender from the forest and have them work for private landowners for little to no pay.
2385:
Report of the international research mission into crimes under international law committed against the
Bambuti Pygmies in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo; Minority Rights Group International, July
467:
is not customary. There is no formal marriage ceremony: a couple are considered officially married when the groom presents his bride's parents with an antelope he alone has hunted and killed.
485:
women basically have equal power. Issues are discussed and decisions are made by consensus at fire camps; men and women engage in the conversations equivalently. If there is a disagreement,
2404:
2897:
2397:
262:
is in
January, and then May through August. The forest is a moist, humid region strewn with rivers and lakes. Several ecological problems exist which affect the Bambuti.
2871:
365:
The
Bambuti have an elaborate system of food allowances and restrictions; foods that are restricted are called kweri. Food sources yielded by the forest are non-
266:
is prevalent in the forests and can spread quickly, killing not only humans, but plants, and animals, the major source of food, as well. One disease, carried by
443:
descent system, and their residences after marriage are patrilocal. However, the system is rather loose. The only type of group seen amongst the
Bambuti is the
2854:
1829:
2420:
2859:
299:, they leave the village to enter the forest and set up a series of camps. This way, the Bambuti are able to utilize more land area for maximum
2864:
599:
2248:
480:
Bambuti societies have no ruling group or lineage, no overlying political organization, and little social structure. The
Bambuti are an
580:
has been observed most frequently in samples of some populations of pygmies 21% (10/47) Mbuti from
Democratic Republic of the Congo.
463:. Based on reciprocal exchange, men from other bands exchange sisters or other females to whom they have ties. In Bambuti society,
414:
is a particularly frequently traded item. They will also trade to obtain agricultural products from the villagers through barter.
431:
animals are thought to cause disease and disorder, especially to young children; restrictions are gradually relaxed as one ages.
303:. These villages are solitary and separated from other groups of people. Their houses are small, circular, and very temporary.
406:
like their parents, the forest gives them food, shelter, and clothing, which are readily made from abundant forest materials.
2357:
2140:
Hewlett, Barry S.; Walker, Phillip L. (December 1991). "Social Status and Dental Health among the Aka and Mbuti Pygmies".
2456:
2370:
2325:
2306:
2280:
1999:
524:"Molimo" is also the name of a trumpet the men play during the ritual. Traditionally, it was made of wood or sometimes
1940:
195:
The Sua (also Kango, or Mbuti), who speak a dialect (or perhaps two) of the language of a neighboring Bantu people,
2190:"Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes"
243:
185:
74:
295:
The Bambuti live in villages that are categorized as bands. Each hut houses a family unit. At the start of the
234:
2351:
2252:
143:
612:
2389:
546:
637:
633:
549:
the forests, their food supply is threatened. There is also significant civil unrest in the country.
158:
2892:
576:
has been found in 25% (3/12) of a small sample of Mbuti from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
2098:
2106:
271:
320:
1855:
1830:"Meet the forgotten African Pygmies who are living ancient lifestyles in the 21st century"
567:
8:
2698:
2576:
2375:
2099:"The Symbols of "Forest": A Structural Analysis of Mbuti Culture and Social Organization"
2668:
2428:
2055:
625:
554:
2531:
2461:
2321:
2302:
2276:
2270:
2219:
2211:
2157:
1995:
1989:
1963:
1903:
218:
110:
2352:
Mbuti Net Hunters of the Ituri Forest, story with photos and link to Audio Slideshow
146:
2201:
2149:
2115:
2047:
1955:
577:
573:
263:
250:
239:
2153:
2119:
2663:
2561:
2551:
2541:
1715:
596:
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398:
374:
355:
177:
174:
162:
126:
98:
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2728:
2633:
2606:
2526:
2516:
2476:
2451:
592:
518:
444:
94:
20:
2244:
The languages of the Ituri forest Pygmies: contact and historical perspectives
2886:
2818:
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2783:
2778:
2773:
2753:
2733:
2718:
2678:
2653:
2648:
2581:
2511:
2441:
2318:
Traditional cultures : a survey of nonwestern experience and achievement
2215:
2161:
1967:
621:
616:
603:
538:
222:
207:
196:
90:
2521:
2206:
2189:
2838:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2763:
2743:
2738:
2723:
2713:
2708:
2688:
2673:
2658:
2643:
2638:
2626:
2621:
2591:
2586:
2571:
2566:
2536:
2506:
2501:
2486:
2481:
2471:
2466:
2223:
2038:
Turnbull, C. (Autumn 1985). "Processional Ritual among the Mbuti Pygmies".
608:
545:, and modern influences from plantations, agriculturalists, and efforts to
464:
402:
394:
267:
114:
86:
2382:
326:
The Bambuti are primarily hunter-gatherers. Their animal diet can include
2828:
2808:
2798:
2768:
2758:
2703:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2596:
2546:
2496:
2446:
2436:
2419:
657:
542:
486:
481:
440:
315:
214:
150:
42:
2491:
2059:
1560:
296:
259:
254:
2693:
1799:
359:
2051:
1959:
1677:
552:
The Bambuti have also been targets of a genocide campaign known as
468:
460:
411:
386:
382:
343:
300:
199:. They are located centrally and are eponymous of the larger group.
648:
Bantu and Central Sudanic comparative lexicon of Ituri languages:
512:. After events such as death of an important person in the tribe,
2748:
1599:
448:
378:
279:
275:
1511:
Some Bantu and Central Sudanic animal names of Ituri languages:
2366:
Hunter-Gatherers of Central Africa, with photos and soundscapes
525:
505:
390:
370:
347:
154:
203:
2793:
1753:
1638:
351:
339:
335:
181:
290:
206:, who speak the language of the neighboring Central Sudanic
2556:
2186:
369:
animals for meat consumption, root plants, palm trees, and
327:
2363:
2066:
1802:(c. 1893–1916), Mbuti man taken to the United States
36:
331:
2371:"Lured Toward Modern Life, Pygmy Families Left in Limbo"
588:
There are three distinct languages spoken by the Mbuti:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1941:"Food Restrictions of the Mbuti Pygmies, Eastern Zaire"
1919:
1917:
1915:
354:. The vegetable component of their diet includes wild
2898:
Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2421:
Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2168:
1862:
16:
Indigenous pygmy groups in the Congo region of Africa
2339:. Sydney, NSW: The Technics University of Australia.
2299:
The Civilizations of Africa : a History to 1800
2078:
2008:
1987:
1912:
1874:
508:that impacts the Bambuti's life is referred to as
2301:(Second ed.). University Press of Virginia.
2884:
1827:
521:, known primarily for his work with the tribe.
451:also provides allies for each group of people.
2405:
2139:
1948:African Study Monographs. Supplementary Issue
434:
2031:
1828:Ofosuah Johnson, Elizabeth (July 19, 2018).
2412:
2398:
2237:
2235:
2233:
1934:
1932:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
41:A group of Mbuti, with American traveller
35:
2205:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1823:
1821:
643:
531:
291:Settlement, architecture and organization
2320:. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
2037:
1938:
1901:
314:
282:, can greatly diminish the food supply.
233:
2268:
2230:
2174:
2133:
2084:
2072:
2025:
1929:
1923:
1886:
1880:
1868:
2885:
1974:
1818:
475:
459:Sister exchange is the common form of
358:, berries, fruits, roots, leaves, and
2393:
2296:
2290:
2096:
2090:
310:
2315:
2180:
1908:. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc.
421:
393:are consumed. The Bambuti use large
191:There are three distinct subgroups:
188:(DRC) also call themselves Bambuti.
61:Regions with significant populations
2334:
454:
373:; and in some seasons, wild honey.
13:
2194:European Journal of Human Genetics
14:
2909:
2344:
2275:. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press.
1994:. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press.
249:The Mbuti population live in the
2272:Culture and Customs of the Congo
1991:Culture and Customs of the Congo
278:. Too much rainfall, as well as
274:, which limits the use of large
186:Democratic Republic of the Congo
67:
1939:Ichikawa, Mitsuo (March 1987).
568:African Pygmies § Genetics
2262:
1848:
229:
19:For the 1956 documentary, see
1:
2354:. The Associated Press, 2010.
2269:Mukenge, Tshilemalea (2002).
2253:Humboldt University of Berlin
2154:10.1525/aa.1991.93.4.02a00100
2120:10.1525/aa.1987.89.4.02a00090
2097:Mosko, Mark (December 1987).
1988:Mukenge, Tshilemalea (2002).
1806:
439:The Bambuti tend to follow a
2249:Diedrich Westermann-Workshop
1811:
583:
492:
168:
7:
2297:Ehret, Christopher (2016).
1902:Turnbull, Colin M. (1968).
1793:
561:
10:
2914:
565:
496:
435:Kinship and descent system
285:
18:
2847:
2427:
634:Central Sudanic languages
159:Central Sudanic languages
125:
120:
109:
104:
85:
80:
65:
60:
55:
50:
34:
184:in various parts of the
2241:Demolin, Didier. 2021.
2207:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408
2142:American Anthropologist
2107:American Anthropologist
644:Comparative vocabulary
532:Contemporary situation
323:
321:Okapi Wildlife Reserve
246:
157:. Their languages are
2369:Stephanie McCrummen,
2040:The Drama Review: TDR
566:Further information:
318:
237:
142:, are one of several
121:Related ethnic groups
2335:Day, Thomas (2005).
2316:King, Glenn (2003).
638:Niger–Congo language
615:language related to
602:language related to
319:Mbuti net-hunter in
2383:'Erasing the Board'
2376:The Washington Post
2337:The Largest Expanse
2075:, pp. 112–114.
1856:"Batwa and Bambuti"
636:, while Kango is a
476:Political structure
31:
2379:, 12 November 2006
2358:The Mbuti of Zaire
2291:General references
555:Effacer le tableau
381:, beans, peanuts,
324:
311:Food and resources
247:
221:(Central Sudanic)
217:, speakers of the
29:
2880:
2879:
1905:The Forest People
1791:
1790:
1509:
1508:
632:Efe and Asua are
574:haplogroup E-M200
422:Food restrictions
272:sleeping sickness
132:
131:
111:Bambuti mythology
2905:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2340:
2331:
2312:
2286:
2256:
2239:
2228:
2227:
2209:
2184:
2178:
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2166:
2165:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2006:
2005:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1834:Face2Face Africa
1825:
1514:
1513:
651:
650:
455:Marriage customs
264:Tropical disease
240:Ituri Rainforest
178:hunter-gatherers
73:
71:
70:
56:30,000 to 40,000
51:Total population
39:
32:
28:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2893:African Pygmies
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2843:
2542:Great Lakes Twa
2423:
2418:
2364:African Pygmies
2347:
2328:
2309:
2293:
2283:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2240:
2231:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2052:10.2307/1145649
2036:
2032:
2024:
2009:
2002:
1986:
1975:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1913:
1900:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1871:, pp. 7–8.
1867:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1796:
646:
586:
578:Haplogroup B-P7
570:
564:
534:
501:
499:Mbuti mythology
495:
478:
457:
437:
424:
313:
307:the hut roofs.
293:
288:
232:
171:
163:Bantu languages
127:African Pygmies
68:
66:
46:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2911:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2848:Non-indigenous
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
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2766:
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2345:External links
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2200:(7): 867–876.
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2110:. New Series.
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572:Y-chromosomal
563:
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519:Colin Turnbull
497:Main article:
494:
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477:
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445:nuclear family
436:
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21:Bambuti (film)
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627:
623:
622:Asua language
620:
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607:
605:
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598:
594:
591:
590:
589:
581:
579:
575:
569:
559:
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548:
544:
540:
539:deforestation
529:
527:
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473:
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396:
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388:
384:
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376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
342:, wild pigs,
341:
337:
333:
330:, shellfish,
329:
322:
317:
308:
304:
302:
298:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
253:, a tropical
252:
245:
241:
236:
224:
223:Asua language
220:
216:
212:
209:
205:
201:
198:
194:
193:
192:
189:
187:
183:
179:
176:
166:
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137:
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100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
76:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
38:
33:
22:
2683:
2472:Banyamulenge
2374:
2336:
2317:
2298:
2271:
2242:
2197:
2193:
2182:
2175:Mukenge 2002
2170:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2111:
2105:
2092:
2087:, p. 7.
2085:Mukenge 2002
2080:
2073:Mukenge 2002
2068:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2026:Mukenge 2002
1990:
1951:
1947:
1924:Mukenge 2002
1904:
1883:, p. 5.
1881:Mukenge 2002
1876:
1869:Mukenge 2002
1864:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1833:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1510:
845:to cultivate
684:
677:
647:
631:
587:
571:
553:
551:
535:
523:
513:
509:
502:
479:
465:bride wealth
458:
438:
428:
425:
416:
408:
366:
364:
350:, fish, and
325:
305:
294:
268:tsetse flies
248:
190:
173:Bambuti are
172:
139:
136:Mbuti people
135:
133:
115:Christianity
26:Ethnic group
2462:Bakwa Dishi
2360:, uconn.edu
2263:Works cited
658:Proto-Bantu
543:gold mining
487:misdemeanor
482:egalitarian
441:patrilineal
242:within the
230:Environment
43:Osa Johnson
2887:Categories
2532:Garanganze
2429:Indigenous
2125:2 November
2114:(4): 899.
1954:: 97–121.
1840:August 15,
1807:References
1561:chimpanzee
1532:Tshwa Bodo
297:dry season
260:dry season
255:rainforest
153:region of
144:indigenous
2860:Europeans
2694:Mongo Twa
2216:1018-4813
2162:0002-7294
1968:0286-9667
1812:Citations
1800:Ota Benga
1400:skin/bark
584:Languages
493:Mythology
360:kola nuts
344:antelopes
169:Subgroups
81:Languages
45:, in 1930
2664:Mangbetu
2562:Iyaelima
2552:Holoholo
2224:15856073
2046:(3): 8.
1794:See also
1776:mundembe
1767:mundembe
1678:elephant
1565:bebeleko
1526:Sua Bila
882:to dance
866:tɛ́ɛ́myá
786:bɔ́kúkɔ̀
628:language
626:Mangbetu
613:Mangbutu
562:Genetics
547:conserve
469:Polygamy
461:marriage
412:Bushmeat
387:amaranth
383:hibiscus
301:foraging
280:droughts
219:Mangbetu
105:Religion
75:DR Congo
2855:Chinese
2789:Turumbu
2749:Songora
2729:Ngbandi
2634:Lugbara
2527:Furiiru
2517:Dengese
2477:Barambu
2452:Avukaya
2060:1145649
1781:ndumbaɛ
1773:undembe
1770:undembe
1716:buffalo
1600:leopard
1488:mbɛ̀ngí
1247:ʈɔ̀njí
1230:sɔ́ngʊ́
1099:ngbòrò
1096:gbɔ̀rɔ̀
1093:gbɔ̀rɔ̀
792:kɔ́ndɔ̀
780:kɔ́ndɔ́
755:nyɔ̀kɔ̀
449:Kinship
379:legumes
371:bananas
348:monkeys
286:Culture
276:mammals
238:Map of
140:Bambuti
2872:Jewish
2819:Yakoma
2804:Wochua
2784:Tumbwe
2779:Topoke
2774:Tetela
2754:Songye
2734:Nyanga
2719:Ngando
2679:Mbunda
2654:Mayogo
2649:Makere
2582:Keliko
2512:Chokwe
2442:Nyindu
2324:
2305:
2279:
2222:
2214:
2160:
2058:
1998:
1966:
1787:okapi
1758:ndumbo
1742:kibiyɛ
1694:mbongo
1685:mbongo
1682:mbongo
1622:mapiti
1535:Ndaaka
1494:kámìnà
1476:*ti̩má
1439:*bú̩dà
1366:*kú̩pà
1358:ɔ̀njì
1341:tílíkò
1329:*tú̩ì̩
1321:ɛ̄qɛ̄
1281:ákɔ̄gù
1278:ákɔ̄gù
1193:ndàbʊ̀
1173:tèmbá
1045:wàgásù
1025:mūngú
959:*d̩ìbà
922:*j̩ínò
914:ɔ̀ɓɛ̄
857:dɛ̀mɛ̀
789:mbómbó
783:bɔ́kɔ̀
777:bɔ̀kɔ̀
706:ngùngù
703:ngùngù
692:Mamvu
662:Ndààká
600:Zone D
526:bamboo
514:molimo
510:molimo
506:ritual
401:, and
391:gourds
389:, and
340:snails
336:larvae
155:Africa
99:French
72:
2865:Greek
2839:Zyoba
2834:Zande
2824:Yombe
2814:Yanzi
2794:Tutsi
2764:Tagbu
2744:Sanga
2739:Pende
2724:Ngata
2714:Ndaka
2709:Mpama
2689:Mongo
2684:Mbuti
2674:Mbole
2659:Mbaka
2644:Lungu
2639:Lunda
2627:Lulua
2622:Hemba
2607:Lendu
2592:Konjo
2587:Kongo
2572:Kango
2567:Kakwa
2537:Gbaya
2507:Bwile
2502:Bunda
2487:Bembe
2482:Bemba
2467:Banda
2102:(PDF)
2056:JSTOR
1944:(PDF)
1784:oʔapi
1764:mbote
1761:mbote
1754:okapi
1748:tupi
1737:nzale
1732:nzale
1729:ndopo
1726:njali
1723:njali
1688:ndopo
1672:yama
1666:ndɔka
1661:koasa
1658:ngoya
1643:ngoyɔ
1639:hyrax
1633:kaʔu
1627:kaʔwa
1594:dato
1591:ndatɔ
1574:ngole
1555:Lese
1539:Kango
1517:Gloss
1505:ɓòrù
1473:heart
1468:tìɓō
1451:mbwáì
1448:mbúlò
1431:qàɓū
1428:ɛ̀gbā
1425:ɛ̀gbā
1403:*kòbà
1292:*jícò
1264:dìmbè
1255:*jínà
1252:black
1244:ʈɔ̀gí
1241:ʈɔ̀gí
1236:ɛ̀lɔ́
1218:*júdù
1190:ndàbò
1181:*dǎkù
1178:house
1159:sóngè
1156:sìnzì
1144:*jéì̩
1116:mɛ̀tù
1085:mòákù
1042:ngùlé
1030:arrow
996:*jánà
993:child
956:water
951:ūsɛ́
937:mìnyò
934:lǎnwù
919:tooth
911:ɔ̀ɓɛ̄
908:ɔ̀ɓɛ̄
885:*b̩ìn
877:ìqʊ̄
803:tòqù
774:*bòkò
752:njòkò
746:nɔ̀kù
734:mouth
718:nzòkí
715:njòkí
709:nzóló
700:*júkì
685:ɛ́fɛ́
678:Kángò
654:Gloss
597:Bantu
593:Kango
429:kweri
399:traps
367:kweri
352:honey
328:crabs
270:, is
251:Ituri
182:Batwa
175:pygmy
151:Congo
147:pygmy
138:, or
95:Kango
30:Mbuti
2829:Yulu
2809:Yaka
2799:Vira
2769:Teke
2759:Suku
2704:Moru
2699:Mono
2617:Luba
2612:Logo
2602:Lele
2597:Lega
2577:Kele
2557:Hutu
2547:Hema
2497:Budu
2457:Baka
2447:Amba
2437:Alur
2386:2004
2322:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2277:ISBN
2220:PMID
2212:ISSN
2158:ISSN
2127:2018
1996:ISBN
1964:ISSN
1842:2018
1745:tupi
1720:tibi
1710:uku
1704:ukɔɛ
1699:bepe
1691:toku
1669:yama
1655:soka
1652:kpaa
1649:toku
1646:soka
1619:kuei
1616:biti
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1610:moli
1607:moli
1604:loli
1588:ozue
1583:sekɔ
1580:ngoe
1577:tobe
1571:seko
1568:seko
1546:Asua
1529:Bodo
1523:Bila
1520:Bali
1502:ɓòrù
1499:ɓòrù
1491:moyo
1485:lómà
1482:túmá
1479:tímá
1465:tìbō
1462:ūbvī
1457:mbúà
1454:mvúù
1445:gbàá
1442:gbàá
1436:rain
1420:pàsí
1412:pàsì
1409:pàsì
1406:pàpì
1395:ífù
1392:ígbī
1389:īgbì
1384:kúwà
1363:bone
1355:ɔ̀gì
1352:ɔ̀gì
1335:cwéí
1332:cwéí
1267:línò
1227:míɔ̀
1224:lùlú
1215:nose
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1199:àndú
1196:éndú
1170:tèbá
1167:tèbá
1141:moon
1136:áfū
1133:ágbī
1130:āqɓí
1122:tùwá
1113:gùwè
1110:gùwè
1107:*ntù
1088:kúsú
1082:líkò
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1076:lúlú
1070:*dú̩
1067:knee
1062:èbī
1039:gùsà
1036:gùsà
1033:*gùì
1014:níkí
1011:míkí
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940:nyɔ̀
928:lénú
925:yénù
903:kìyá
900:bínò
897:bínó
891:nìjò
888:búnò
863:tèmá
860:dìmá
854:lìmà
848:*dìm
840:ìɓú
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811:*búà
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712:nzɔ́
689:Lese
674:Bila
671:Lìkó
668:Bàlí
624:, a
617:Lese
611:, a
604:Bila
595:, a
403:bows
395:nets
375:Yams
356:yams
332:ants
215:Asua
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202:The
197:Bila
161:and
134:The
91:Asoa
2669:Mbo
2522:Efé
2492:Boa
2202:doi
2150:doi
2116:doi
2048:doi
1956:doi
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1630:ʔau
1551:Efe
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1375:kùò
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1344:tóì
1338:tóì
1326:ear
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1315:éʔí
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1307:ùsó
1304:ìsó
1301:ìsó
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1289:eye
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1273:ínà
1270:àhí
1261:ìná
1258:ìnó
1233:élò
1221:màó
1187:kàà
1184:kàà
1125:ùkú
1104:man
1059:àpì
1056:àpì
1048:ápì
1022:ádī
1019:ádī
1002:àná
999:àná
988:úū
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962:ípó
931:nwà
894:ìnè
874:ùsú
871:ùsú
851:ìmà
837:īɓū
834:īɓū
808:dog
771:arm
763:ùʈì
760:ùʈì
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665:Mbò
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1008:kí
1005:sí
985:úū
982:úū
977:bá
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