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Euwe married in 1926, started a family soon afterwards, and could play competitive chess only during school vacations, so his opportunities for top-level international chess competition were limited. But he performed well in the few tournaments and matches for which he could find time, from the early
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Alekhine was allegedly more frank in his
Russian-language articles than in those he wrote in English, French or German. In his Russian articles he often described Euwe as lacking in originality and in the mental toughness required of a world champion. Sosonko thought Euwe's modesty was a handicap in
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Euwe was noted for his logical approach and for his knowledge of openings, in which he made major contributions to chess theory. Paradoxically his two title matches with
Alekhine were displays of tactical ferocity from both sides. But the comments by Kmoch and Alekhine (below) may explain this: Euwe
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The two world title matches against
Alekhine represent the heart of Euwe's career. Altogether, they played 86 competitive games, and Alekhine had a +28â20=38 lead. Many of Alekhine's wins came early in their series; he was nine years older, and had more experience during that time. The rematch was
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asked
Capablanca for his views on the forthcoming match. In the rare archival film footage where Capablanca and Euwe both speak, Capablanca replies: "Dr. Alekhine's game is 20% bluff. Dr. Euwe's game is clear and straightforward. Dr. Euwe's gameânot so strong as Alekhine's in some respectsâis more
761:, who was a Soviet chess official as well as a grandmaster: "... he always sought to understand the opposing point of view ... Such behavior was in sharp contrast to the behavior of the Soviet delegation leaders ... Max Euwe was, without a doubt, the best President FIDE ever had."
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Inexplicably, one of these letters does not get an immediate reply. It is an invitation from no less a person than
Alekhine: he wants to play a match against Euwe, similar to their 1927 encounter â but this time on a big passenger ship to the Dutch Indies and back, with a lot of pomp and
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became the first female to compete in the Indian Men's
Championship. Her involvement in a male competition caused a furore that necessitated a successful appeal to the High Court and caused Euwe to rule that women could not be barred from national or international championships.
775:"strode confidently into some extraordinarily complex variations" if he thought logic was on his side; and he was extremely good at calculating these variations. On the other hand, he "often lacked the stamina to pull himself out of bad positions".
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Spassky, who had nominated Euwe for the job: "He should certainly not have disqualified
Fischer, and he should have been a little tougher with the Soviets ... you get a pile of complicated problems. But Euwe, of course, was the man for the
390:. Alekhine quickly went three games ahead, but Euwe managed to even out and eventually win the match. His title gave a huge boost to chess in the Netherlands. It was also the first world championship where the players had
625:, which thought it had the right to dominate matters because it contributed a very large share of FIDE's budget and Soviet players dominated the world rankings â in effect, they treated chess as an extension of the
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of 1938 in the
Netherlands, which featured the world's top eight players and was an attempt to decide who should challenge Alekhine for the world championship. Euwe also had a major organizational role in the event.
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countries. "But neither he nor I could have foreseen what this would lead to. ... This led not only to the inflation of the grandmaster title, but also to the leadership vacuum at the head of the world of
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He died in 1981, age 80, of a heart attack. Revered around the chess world for his many contributions, he had travelled extensively while FIDE President, bringing many new members into the organization.
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in the
Netherlands. In a discussion a few days earlier, Euwe told Korchnoi: "... of course you will retain all your rights ..." and opposed Soviet efforts to prevent Korchnoi from challenging
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evenly balanced." Then Euwe gives his assessment in Dutch, explaining that his feelings alternated from optimism to pessimism, but in the previous ten years, their score had been evenly matched at 7â7.
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Euwe defeated this giant but it was immediately clear that the chess world simply wasn't having it. General opinion internationally held it that
Alekhine had once again been having a drop too much.
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wrote, "In the two years before the return match, Euwe's strength increased. Although he never enjoyed the supremacy over his rivals that his predecessors had, he had no superiors in this period."
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After Alekhine's death in 1946, Euwe was considered by some to have a moral right to the position of world champion, based at least partially on his clear second-place finish in the great
332:, held in the Netherlands in 1928 and 1928â29 respectively, scoring 4Âœ/10 in each match ((+2â3=5) in the first match, (+1â2=7) in the second match). He lost a match to Capablanca in
837:). He also did not forget children in his published writings. The year he won the world championship Chess he wrote a book named: (Dutch) Oom Jan leert zijn neefje schaken. (
405:, who helped Euwe during the match, thought Alekhine's over-confidence was more of a problem than alcohol; Alekhine himself said he would win easily. Former World Champions
621:. As president, he usually did what he considered morally right rather than what was politically expedient. On several occasions this brought him into conflict with the
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Euwe's win was regarded as a major upset â he reportedly had believed that beating Alekhine was unlikely â and is sometimes attributed to Alekhine's alcoholism. But
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In 1933, Max Euwe challenged Alekhine to a championship match. Alekhine accepted the challenge for October 1935. Earlier that year, Dutch radio sports journalist
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656:", excluded from competitive chess, television or any other event that might be evidence of his defection. When Euwe refused, Soviet players boycotted the 1974
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that he entered from 1921 until 1952, and won the title again in 1955; his 12 titles are still a record. The only other winners during this period were
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also says Euwe anticipated Botvinnik's emphasis on technical preparation, and Euwe was usually in good shape physically because he was a keen sportsman.
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later analysed the match and concluded that Euwe deserved to win and that the standard of play was worthy of a world championship. Former World Champion
719:. Larsen and HĂŒbner were eliminated from the competition for the World Championship because Korchnoi and Karpov took the first two places at Leningrad.
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Karpov said Euwe was a very good FIDE President, although he did commit one very serious error, rapidly extending the membership of FIDE to many small
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in 1931 with 4/10 (+0â2=8). He won a match against Spielmann in Amsterdam in 1932, 3â1, played to help Euwe prepare for his upcoming match with
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1356:. Uploaded to Youtube by user FWCC1. Original publisher unclear, though other (unreachable) source suggests a Dutch public broadcasting agency.
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in the Netherlands in December 1926 / January 1927, with 4Âœ/10 (+2â3=5). The match was played to help Euwe prepare for a future encounter with
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Some commentators have also questioned whether Euwe did as much as he could have to prevent Fischer from forfeiting his world title in 1975.
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and Capablanca, half a point ahead of Alekhine) indicated he was a worthy champion, even if he was not as dominant as the earlier champions.
533:, where he finished next to last. He was in the top half of the field after the first half of the tournament, but tired in the second half.
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has said that Euwe won the 1935 match on merit and that the result was not affected by Alekhine's drinking before or during the match.
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was blunter: "... unfortunately, he could not foresee the dangers flowing from a FIDE practically under Soviet dominance."
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Euwe and wife are celebrating the 40th anniversary of their marriage on 3 August 1966, surrounded by their grandchildren
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circumstance. Five games on the way there, five during the return voyage. The stake: the world championship if need be.
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In 1932, Euwe drew a match with Flohr 8â8, and was equal second with Flohr, behind Alekhine, at a major tournament in
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as a textbook when teaching in the Leningrad House of Pioneers, and considers it "one of the best chess books ever".
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Euwe lost some of his battles with the Soviets. According to Sosonko, in 1973, he accepted the Soviets' demand that
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On December 15, 1935, after 30 games played in 13 different cities around the Netherlands over a period of 80 days,
272:, Euwe became interested in computer programming and was appointed professor in this subject at the universities of
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Despite the turbulence of the period, most assessments of Euwe's performance as president of FIDE are sympathetic:
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571:, winning one game and drawing the other. His lifetime score against Fischer was one win, one loss, and one draw.
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511:. At 47, Euwe was significantly older than the other players, and well past his best. He finished last. In 1950,
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968:) with a large chess set and statue, where the 'Max Euwe Stichting' is located in a former jailhouse. It has a
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280:, retiring from Tilburg University in 1971. He published a mathematical analysis of the game of chess from an
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260:(who later became his friend and for whom he held a funeral oration), and earned his doctorate in 1926 under
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top-class chess (although Euwe was well aware of how much stronger he was than "ordinary" grandmasters).
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358:, Euwe again finished equal second with Flohr, behind Alekhine, and he defeated Alekhine in their game.
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was originally published in 1939 by Harcourt, Brace and Company, and was republished by Dover in 1975 (
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as a country, although the Soviets had won the 1964 Olympiad which had also been held in Israel. The
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from 1927 to 1962, a 35-year span, always on first board. He scored 10œ/15 at London 1927, 9œ/13 at
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Euwe wrote over 70 chess books, far more than any other World Champion; some of the best-known are
711:, the two strongest non-Soviet contenders (Fischer was now champion), should play in the Leningrad
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international tournament in 1951, winning ahead of Pilnik and Rossolimo with a score of (+7 =2).
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Euwe won a total of 102 first prizes in tournaments during his career, many of them local.
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the USSR severed the diplomatic relations with Israel after the 1967 Six Day War.
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won the title in 1972, Euwe was the last World Chess champion not born in the
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In 1957, Euwe played a short match against 14-year-old future world champion
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Euwe played his first tournament at age 10, winning every game. He won every
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825:, was written in 1972 but not published in English until 2002. Euwe's book
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Euwe, M. (1929). "Mengentheoretische Betrachtungen ĂŒber das Schachspiel".
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Winter, Edward, ed. (2006). "World Chess Champions". 0-08-024094-1. ISBN.
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The Hague/Moscow 1948 Match/Tournament for the World Chess Championship.
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1542:"The World Chess Championship 1948.How Botvinnik became World Champion"
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in 1972. The Soviets demanded that Sosonko should be treated as an "
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Meet The Masters: Pen Portraits to the Greats by a World Champion.
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Former Soviet grandmaster Sosonko used Euwe and den Hertog's 1927
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224:, a title he held from 1935 until 1937. He served as President of
1061:& Parr, Larry (1995). "The Man Who Beat Alexander Alekhine".
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Korchnoi regarded Euwe as the last honorable president of FIDE.
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Later in 1976, Euwe supported FIDE's decision to hold the 1976
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1109:"Max Euwe, ex-chess champion, led the game's World Federation"
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in 1936, when Euwe, then world champion, did not compete; and
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1992:
1354:"Max Euwe And Capablanca(The Chess Machine) !RARE FOOTAGE!"
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In Amsterdam, there is a Max Euwe Plein (square) (near the
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324:, then world champion. Euwe lost both the first and second
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1305:. Translated by Piet Verhagen. New in Chess. p. 101.
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The Middlegame Book Two Dynamic & Subjective Features.
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then started plotting to depose Euwe as president of FIDE.
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My Best Games 1920â1937 My Rise to become World Champion.
1043:. Vol. 32, no. 5. Amsterdam. pp. 633â642.
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From 1970 (at age 69) until 1978, Euwe was president of
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with John Nunn. 1997 . International Chess Enterprises.
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tournament in the Netherlands because Sosonko competed.
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Sculpture of Euwe in Amsterdam by artist José Fijnaut
212:; May 20, 1901 â November 26, 1981) was a Dutch
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Euwe lost the title to Alekhine in a rematch in 1937
268:, and later at a girls' Lyceum in Amsterdam. After
1205:"BogoljubovâEuwe: Second FIDE Championship (1928)"
1187:"BogoljubovâEuwe: First FIDE Championship (1928)"
1156:
1154:
228:, the World Chess Federation, from 1970 to 1978.
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398:to help them with analysis during adjournments.
316:1920s to mid-1930s. He lost a training match to
1330:Han interviews Dutchman Max Euwe and Capablanca
3003:Academic staff of Erasmus University Rotterdam
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439:Euwe's performance in the great tournament of
312:in 1928, at The Hague, with a score of 12/15.
232:Early years, education and professional career
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1809:
1569:. McFarland & Company. pp. 133â145.
1496:"Vladimir Kramnik: From Steinitz to Kasparov"
769:
564:. His aggregate was 54œ/87 for 62.6 percent.
496:in the Netherlands in 1939â40, losing 6Âœâ7Âœ.
480:Euwe finished equal fourth with Alekhine and
284:point of view, in which he showed, using the
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519:on its inaugural list. He took part in the
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1063:The Bobby Fischer I Knew and Other Stories
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27:
1566:The Gijon International Chess Tournaments
1107:Mcfadden, Robert D. (November 28, 1981).
715:tournament rather than the weaker one in
536:Euwe played for the Netherlands in seven
1738:a short history of Euwe's playing career
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897:The Middlegame Book One Static Features.
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994:Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau
819:the 1972 World Chess Championship match
556:for a silver medal at age 57, 6œ/16 at
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1013:Video with Euwe's pronunciation (0:23)
911:with Walter Meiden. 1966. David McKay.
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663:In 1976, world championship contender
531:Candidates' Tournament in ZĂŒrich, 1953
526:Euwe's final major tournament was the
16:Dutch chess player & mathematician
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2516:
1797:
1753:"Max Euwe (1901-81)" by Edward Winter
1743:"Alekhine-Euwe 1935: powerful images"
1135:"AlekhineâEuwe Training Match (1926)"
987:Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau
923:with Jan Timman. 2009 . New In Chess.
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461:also one-sided in Alekhine's favour.
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3018:Academic staff of Tilburg University
1563:Mendez, Pedro; Mendez, Luis (2019).
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697:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13:
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893:with Walter Meiden. 1994 . Dover.
443:(equal third, half a point behind
264:. He taught mathematics, first in
14:
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1836:List of World Chess Championships
1709:
1164:. Max Euwe Center. Archived from
905:with H. Kramer. 1994 . Hays Pub.
725:It is also notable that in 1976,
687:, which the Soviet Union did not
605:Euwe and wife meet Karpov in 1976
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384:Euwe defeated Alekhine by 15Âœâ14Âœ
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2486:
1087:"Schaakkampioenen van Nederland"
1041:Proc. Konin. Akad. Wetenschappen
899:with H. Kramer. 1994 . Hays Pub.
879:Judgement and Planning in Chess.
1626:Euwe, Max; Timman, Jan (2002).
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1494:Barsky, Vladimir (2004-07-30).
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1390:"5214. Ernst Klein (C.N. 5202)"
1346:
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947:with Walter Meiden. 1977. McKay
935:with David Hooper. 1976. Dover.
915:The Development of Chess Style.
891:Chess Master vs. Chess Amateur.
848:
799:Judgement and Planning in Chess
501:tournament at Groningen in 1946
3023:University of Amsterdam alumni
1179:
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1079:
1065:. San Francisco: Hypermodern.
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1006:
992:In 1979, Euwe was promoted to
885:The Logical Approach to Chess.
855:Strategy and Tactics in Chess.
807:Strategy and Tactics in Chess.
1:
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1429:"Remembering Max Euwe Part 1"
1248:The World's Great Chess Games
1028:Mathematics Genealogy Project
945:Chess Master vs. Chess Master
927:Euwe vs. Alekhine Match 1935.
803:The Logical Approach to Chess
639:World Chess Championship 1972
509:World Chess Championship 1948
3028:Chess players from Amsterdam
2922:Category:Dutch chess players
1718:player profile and games at
1465:. New in Chess. p. 91.
985:In 1936, Euwe was appointed
629:. These conflicts included:
544:for a bronze medal, 8/12 at
310:world amateur chess champion
7:
1857:FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament
1846:Knockout format (1998â2004)
1731:Max Euwe Centrum, Amsterdam
939:Bobby Fischer The Greatest?
875:2013 . Russell Enterprises.
821:, co-authored by Euwe with
10:
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2973:Chess Olympiad competitors
2953:20th-century chess players
2917:List of chess grandmasters
979:
972:and a large collection of
909:The Road to Chess Mastery.
770:Assessment of Euwe's chess
515:granted Euwe the title of
2993:Dutch computer scientists
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2366:Other world championships
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1991:
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1825:World Chess Championships
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1340:28 September 2013 at the
1334:Dutch Public Broadcasting
1250:. London: André Deutsch.
960:Max Euweplein â Amsterdam
951:
933:A Guide to Chess Endings.
795:The Road to Chess Mastery
633:The events leading up to
517:international grandmaster
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1761:Awards and achievements
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869:2004 . Hardinge Simpole.
863:2003 . Hardinge Simpole.
827:From My Games, 1920â1937
637:'s participation in the
328:Championship matches to
298:Dutch chess championship
1628:Fischer World Champion!
1520:"Alekhine vs Euwe 1937"
1368:"Alekhine vs Euwe 1935"
1303:Max Euwe: The Biography
921:Fischer World Champion.
811:Practische Schaaklessen
492:He played a match with
308:in 1954. He became the
250:University of Amsterdam
3008:Writers from Amsterdam
2660:Chess players for the
1696:Cite journal requires
1546:British Chess Magazine
1463:The King: Chess Pieces
1336:archives, 18 May 2012
1299:MĂŒnninghoff, Alexander
961:
815:Fischer World Champion
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84:Amsterdam, Netherlands
2958:World chess champions
1872:Candidates Tournament
1736:Machgielis (Max) Euwe
1660:My Great Predecessors
1246:Fine, Reuben (1952).
959:
623:USSR Chess Federation
612:
604:
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560:, and finally 4/7 at
435:(left) and Euwe, 1969
431:
386:, becoming the fifth
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252:under the founder of
236:Euwe was born in the
2998:Dutch mathematicians
2848:Paul van der Sterren
2588:Florencio Campomanes
1776:World Chess Champion
464:Until American born
391:
388:World Chess Champion
322:JosĂ© RaĂșl Capablanca
254:intuitionistic logic
222:World Chess Champion
2988:Dutch chess writers
2983:Dutch chess players
2978:Chess theoreticians
2888:Karel van der Weide
2668:of Grandmaster (GM)
1749:, 13 December 2013.
929:1973. Chess Digest.
789:Chess books by Euwe
370:Euwe (seated), 1935
286:ThueâMorse sequence
3013:Presidents of FIDE
2963:Chess Grandmasters
2808:Dimitri Reinderman
2798:Roeland Pruijssers
2723:Jorden van Foreest
2596:Kirsan Ilyumzhinov
1786:Alexander Alekhine
1769:Alexander Alekhine
1113:The New York Times
962:
615:
607:
599:
583:Tilburg University
528:double round robin
476:Later chess career
437:
372:
318:Alexander Alekhine
292:Early chess career
262:Roland Weitzenböck
2930:
2929:
2903:John van der Wiel
2843:Daniël Stellwagen
2828:Maarten Solleveld
2758:Robby Kevlishvili
2728:Lucas van Foreest
2703:Erik van den Doel
2698:Martijn Dambacher
2615:
2614:
2604:Arkady Dvorkovich
2510:
2509:
2271:
2270:
1792:
1791:
1783:Succeeded by
1600:"Checkmating him"
1576:978-1-4766-7659-3
1162:"12 Euwe Matches"
693:Central Committee
676:'s title in 1978.
648:The defection of
505:Mikhail Botvinnik
190:
189:
123:No. 50 (May 1974)
120:Peak ranking
78:November 26, 1981
3035:
2873:Dennis de Vreugt
2753:Robin van Kampen
2688:Daan Brandenburg
2642:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2580:FriĂ°rik Ălafsson
2576:
2568:
2560:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2149:
2148:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1766:Preceded by
1758:
1757:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1642:
1641:
1630:. New In Chess.
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1548:. Archived from
1534:
1528:
1527:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1440:. Archived from
1433:
1425:Sosonko, Gennadi
1421:
1398:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1344:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1295:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1243:
1228:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1089:. Archived from
1083:
1077:
1076:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1015:
1010:
941:1979 . Sterling.
881:1998 . Batsford.
817:, an account of
783:Vladimir Kramnik
727:Rohini Khadilkar
669:political asylum
579:computer science
423:Vladimir Kramnik
395:
211:
206:
173:Fridrik Olafsson
169:
157:
148:
111:Peak rating
81:
64:
62:
31:
19:
18:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:
2968:Chess officials
2933:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2907:
2863:Sergei Tiviakov
2838:Wouter Spoelman
2833:Gennadi Sosonko
2813:Casper Schoppen
2738:Hugo ten Hertog
2708:Jan Hein Donner
2678:Thomas Beerdsen
2669:
2654:
2646:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2547:
2541:
2511:
2506:
2478:
2361:
2267:
2188:
2140:
1987:
1876:
1862:FIDE Grand Prix
1852:Chess World Cup
1848:
1827:
1822:
1788:
1779:
1771:
1741:Albert Silver,
1725:Machgielis Euwe
1712:
1697:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1676:
1655:Kasparov, Garry
1650:
1645:
1638:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1609:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1561:
1557:
1538:Golombek, Harry
1535:
1531:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1502:
1492:
1483:
1473:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1431:
1422:
1401:
1383:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1342:Wayback Machine
1328:
1324:
1313:
1296:
1283:
1272:"Zurich (1934)"
1270:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1244:
1231:
1220:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1124:Euwe's obituary
1117:
1115:
1105:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1056:
1049:
1037:
1033:
1024:Machgielis Euwe
1022:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1003:
982:
970:Max Euwe museum
954:
851:
791:
772:
665:Viktor Korchnoi
650:Gennadi Sosonko
591:
538:Chess Olympiads
486:AVRO tournament
478:
441:Nottingham 1936
397:
364:
347:. According to
330:Efim Bogoljubow
306:Jan Hein Donner
294:
238:Watergraafsmeer
234:
209:[ËĂžËÊÉ]
204:
167:
155:
149:
144:
115:2530 (May 1974)
83:
79:
66:
60:
58:
42:Machgielis Euwe
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3041:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2853:Robin Swinkels
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2793:Lodewijk Prins
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2773:Koen Leenhouts
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2748:Harmen Jonkman
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2607:(2018âpresent)
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2556:Alexander Rueb
2552:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2427:Correspondence
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
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2255:
2245:
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2215:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2172:
2157:
2155:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2116:
2110:
2090:
2080:
2070:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2026:
2016:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1947:
1937:
1930:1910 (NovâDec)
1926:1910 (JanâFeb)
1907:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:Chessgames.com
1711:
1710:External links
1708:
1707:
1706:
1698:|journal=
1680:
1674:
1666:Everyman Chess
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1637:978-9056910952
1636:
1618:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1555:
1552:on 2007-10-27.
1529:
1524:Chessgames.com
1511:
1481:
1471:
1450:
1447:on 2009-02-25.
1399:
1386:Winter, Edward
1377:
1372:Chessgames.com
1359:
1345:
1322:
1311:
1281:
1276:Chessgames.com
1263:
1256:
1229:
1226:Chessgames.com
1214:
1209:Chessgames.com
1196:
1191:Chessgames.com
1178:
1150:
1126:
1096:
1093:on 2019-01-29.
1078:
1071:
1059:Denker, Arnold
1047:
1031:
1016:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
990:
981:
978:
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949:
948:
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906:
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888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
850:
847:
790:
787:
771:
768:
763:
762:
756:
753:
750:Garry Kasparov
747:
739:
701:
700:
681:Chess Olympiad
677:
674:Anatoly Karpov
661:
646:
641:match against
590:
589:FIDE President
587:
550:Amsterdam 1954
546:Dubrovnik 1950
542:Stockholm 1937
477:
474:
419:Garry Kasparov
415:Anatoly Karpov
407:Vasily Smyslov
363:
362:World Champion
360:
293:
290:
282:intuitionistic
258:L.E.J. Brouwer
233:
230:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
141:
140:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
103:
101:World Champion
97:
96:
90:
86:
85:
82:(aged 80)
76:
72:
71:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
40:
39:Full name
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3040:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Loek van Wely
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:Max Warmerdam
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Friso Nijboer
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
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2455:
2453:
2450:
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2440:
2438:
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2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
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2403:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
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2374:
2371:
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2320:
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2229:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2153:PCA/Classical
2150:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2091:
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2084:
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2078:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
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2057:
2054:
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2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1973:
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1935:
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1714:
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1690:
1681:
1677:
1675:1-85744-342-X
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1497:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1472:90-5691-171-6
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:Donner, J. H.
1454:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1437:ChessCafe.com
1430:
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1257:0-679-13046-2
1253:
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1234:
1227:
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1218:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1168:on 2018-11-14
1167:
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1130:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1101:
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1072:0-923891-43-9
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922:
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913:
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907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
887:1982 . Dover.
886:
883:
880:
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874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
852:
846:
844:
843:9789043900669
840:
836:
835:0-486-23111-9
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
786:
784:
780:
776:
767:
760:
759:Yuri Averbakh
757:
754:
751:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:
734:
731:
728:
723:
720:
718:
714:
710:
709:Robert HĂŒbner
706:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:
670:
666:
662:
659:
655:
651:
647:
644:
643:Boris Spassky
640:
636:
635:Bobby Fischer
632:
631:
630:
628:
624:
620:
611:
603:
595:
586:
584:
581:professor at
580:
575:
572:
570:
569:Bobby Fischer
565:
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559:
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551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
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2878:Liam Vrolijk
2823:Ivan Sokolov
2788:Jeroen Piket
2783:Peng Zhaoqin
2743:Ruud Janssen
2717:
2683:Benjamin Bok
2652:Grandmasters
2571:
2564:Folke Rogard
2354:
2348:
2252:Kasimdzhanov
2092:
1971:
1774:
1746:
1727:'s biography
1689:cite journal
1658:
1627:
1621:
1610:. Retrieved
1608:. 2001-08-03
1603:
1594:
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1558:
1550:the original
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1091:the original
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849:Bibliography
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658:Wijk aan Zee
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577:He became a
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470:Soviet Union
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270:World War II
235:
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196:
192:
191:
168:Succeeded by
161:Folke Rogard
145:
80:(1981-11-26)
65:May 20, 1901
33:Euwe in 1963
2948:1981 deaths
2943:1901 births
2768:Erwin l'Ami
2763:David Klein
2713:Sipke Ernst
2662:Netherlands
2599:(1995â2018)
2591:(1982â1995)
2583:(1978â1982)
2575:(1970â1978)
2567:(1949â1970)
2559:(1924â1949)
2145:Split title
2115:(no result)
1841:Interregnum
1394:Chess Notes
1222:Bern (1932)
974:chess books
966:Leidseplein
743:third-world
705:Bent Larsen
554:Munich 1958
552:, 8œ/11 at
548:, 7œ/13 at
449:Reuben Fine
356:ZĂŒrich 1934
349:Reuben Fine
302:Salo Landau
246:mathematics
156:Preceded by
93:Grandmaster
50:Netherlands
2937:Categories
2915:See also:
2868:Yge Visser
2858:Jan Timman
2818:Jan Smeets
2733:Anish Giri
2666:FIDE title
2546:presidents
2242:Ponomariov
1944:Capablanca
1867:Interzonal
1648:References
1612:2016-04-06
1505:2020-01-15
1312:9056910795
1172:2016-12-16
1144:2016-12-16
1139:Chessgames
823:Jan Timman
717:PetrĂłpolis
713:Interzonal
562:Varna 1962
494:Paul Keres
403:Salo Flohr
338:Salo Flohr
193:Machgielis
61:1901-05-20
2898:Jan Werle
2693:Twan Burg
2664:with the
2222:Khalifman
2113:1984â1985
2067:Petrosian
2053:Botvinnik
2033:Botvinnik
2013:Botvinnik
1914:1896â1897
1896:1890â1891
1747:ChessBase
1662:, part II
1605:The Hindu
689:recognize
585:in 1964.
503:, behind
482:Reshevsky
445:Botvinnik
334:Amsterdam
274:Rotterdam
266:Rotterdam
242:Amsterdam
150:1970â1978
146:In office
68:Amsterdam
2803:Hans Ree
2718:Max Euwe
2572:Max Euwe
2492:Category
2462:Chess960
2452:Computer
2373:Olympiad
2169:Kasparov
2135:Kasparov
1982:Alekhine
1962:Alekhine
1904:Steinitz
1881:Pre-FIDE
1780:1935â37
1716:Max Euwe
1657:(2003).
1500:e3e5.com
1461:(2006).
1427:(2001).
1338:Archived
1301:(2001).
654:unperson
627:Cold War
216:player,
22:Max Euwe
2457:Solving
2335:Carlsen
2287:Kramnik
2262:Topalov
2183:Kramnik
2087:Fischer
2077:Spassky
2023:Smyslov
1118:May 12,
1026:at the
980:Honours
746:chess."
667:sought
484:in the
394:seconds
278:Tilburg
248:at the
105:1935â37
47:Country
2502:Portal
2447:Senior
2437:Junior
2212:Karpov
2107:Karpov
1934:Lasker
1672:
1634:
1573:
1469:
1309:
1254:
1069:
952:Legacy
841:
833:
805:, and
685:Israel
417:, and
205:Dutch:
95:(1950)
2649:Dutch
2442:Youth
2432:Women
2405:Blitz
2378:Rapid
2309:Anand
2232:Anand
1445:(PDF)
1432:(PDF)
1001:Notes
738:job."
521:GijĂłn
433:Flohr
240:, in
214:chess
89:Title
2544:FIDE
2472:2022
2467:2019
2420:2023
2415:2022
2410:2021
2398:2023
2393:2022
2388:2021
2383:2019
2356:2026
2350:2024
2345:Ding
2341:2023
2331:2021
2327:2018
2323:2016
2319:2014
2315:2013
2305:2012
2301:2010
2297:2008
2293:2007
2283:2006
2276:FIDE
2258:2005
2248:2004
2238:2002
2228:2000
2218:1999
2208:1998
2204:1996
2200:1993
2193:FIDE
2179:2004
2175:2000
2165:1995
2161:1993
2131:1990
2127:1987
2123:1986
2119:1985
2103:1981
2099:1978
2094:1975
2083:1972
2073:1969
2063:1966
2059:1963
2049:1961
2039:1960
2029:1958
2019:1957
2009:1954
2005:1951
2001:1948
1993:FIDE
1978:1937
1972:Euwe
1968:1935
1958:1934
1954:1929
1950:1927
1940:1921
1922:1908
1918:1907
1910:1894
1900:1892
1892:1889
1888:1886
1702:help
1670:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1120:2010
1067:ISBN
831:ISBN
707:and
619:FIDE
513:FIDE
345:Bern
326:FIDE
276:and
226:FIDE
201:Euwe
138:FIDE
75:Died
55:Born
2347:),
2043:Tal
839:EAN
695:of
683:in
354:At
197:Max
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