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543:(1938), painted during his exile in Amsterdam, demonstrates his use of symbols. Musical instruments are featured in many of his paintings; in this case, a horn that the artist holds as if it were a telescope by which he intends to explore the darkness surrounding him. The tight framing of the figure within the boundaries of the canvas emphasize his entrapment. Art historian Cornelia Stabenow terms the painting "the most melancholy, but also the most mystifying, of his self-portraits".
308:
31:
187:), an outgrowth of Expressionism that opposed its introverted emotionalism. Even when dealing with light subject matter like circus performers, Beckmann often had an undercurrent of moodiness or unease in his works. By the 1930s, his work became more explicit in its horrifying imagery and distorted forms with combination of brutal realism and social criticism, coinciding with the rise of
347:, failing in his desperate attempts to obtain a visa for the United States. In 1944, the Germans attempted to draft him into the army, although the sixty-year-old artist had suffered a heart attack. The works completed in his Amsterdam studio were even more powerful and intense than the ones of his master years in Frankfurt. They included several large
639:(1996) in New York, and the principal museums of Rome (1996), Valencia (1996), Madrid (1997), Zurich (1998), Munich (2000), Frankfurt (2006) and Amsterdam (2007). In Spain and Italy, Beckmann's work has been accessible to a wider public for the first time. A large-scale Beckmann retrospective was exhibited at the
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quickly led to its suppression by the state. In 1933, the Nazi government called
Beckmann a "cultural Bolshevik" and dismissed him from his teaching position at the Art School in Frankfurt. In 1937, the government confiscated more than 500 of his works from German museums, putting several on display
723:
Although
Beckmann is considered an important 20th-century artist, he has never been a household name, and his works have mostly appealed to a niche market of German and Austrian collectors. In 1921, Beckmann signed an exclusive contract with the print-dealer J. B. Neumann in Berlin. In 1938, he had
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In 1996, Piper, Beckmann's German publisher, released the third and last volume of the artist's letters, whose wit and vision rank him among the strongest writers of the German tongue. His essays, plays and, above all, his diaries are also unique historical documents. A selection of
Beckmann's
536:'s cabaret culture, but from the 1930s on, his works often contain mythologized references to the brutalities of the Nazis. Beyond these immediate concerns, his subjects and symbols assume a larger meaning, voicing universal themes of terror, redemption, and the mysteries of eternity and fate.
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became his patron and, already an avid amateur photographer and painter, a student of the artist. May later donated much of his large collection of
Beckmann's works to the St. Louis Art Museum. Beckmann also helped him learn to appreciate Oceanian and African art.
532:, Beckmann reflected an era of radical changes in both art and history in his work. Many of Beckmann's paintings express the agonies of Europe in the first half of the 20th century. Some of his imagery refers to the decadent glamor of the
211:, in which he volunteered as a medical orderly, coincided with a dramatic transformation of his style from academically correct depictions to a distortion of both figure and space, reflecting his altered vision of himself and humanity.
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715:, by Lynette Roth. It is a comprehensive look at the Beckmann paintings at SLAM, the largest collection of them in the world, and places both artist and works in a broader context.
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of Max
Beckmann. It presents many photos and sources for the first time. The biography reveals Beckmann's contemplations of writers and philosophers such as
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598:, he defies the convenient categorization that provides themes for critics, art historians and curators. Other than a major retrospective at New York's
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Since the late 20th century, Beckmann's work has gained an increasing international reputation. There have been retrospectives and exhibitions at the
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386:, who had taken a leave. The first Beckmann retrospective in the United States took place in 1948 at the City Art Museum, Saint Louis. In St. Louis,
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620:, his work was little seen in much of the United States for decades. His 1984 centenary was marked in the New York area only by a modest exhibit at
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Today, Beckmann's large paintings routinely sell for more than $ 1 million, and his self-portraits generally command the highest prices. In 2001,
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in 2012, and are the subject of intense scrutiny by the German police and art historians for their provenance and sale during the Nazi period.
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340:. The day after Hitler's radio speech about degenerate art in 1937, Beckmann left Germany with his second wife, Quappi, for the Netherlands.
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in New York City, not far from his apartment building. As the artist's widow recalled, he was on his way to see one of his paintings at the
761:(1943) sold at a Berlin auction for 20 million euros ($ 20.7 million), a price that appears to be a record for an art auction in Germany.
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Many of
Beckmann's late paintings are displayed in American museums. He exerted a profound influence on such American painters as
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which is considered both a reflection on mortality and eerily predictive of the jumpers and other doomed persons falling from the
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holds the largest public collection of
Beckmann paintings in the world and held a major exhibition of his work in 1998.
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He is known for the self-portraits painted throughout his life, their number and intensity rivaled only by those of
234:". As a true painter-thinker, he strove to find the hidden spiritual dimension in his subjects (Beckmann's 1948
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1983:
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382:. Rathbone arranged for Washington University to hire Beckmann as an art teacher, filling a vacancy left by
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and Zurich (1930), together with numerous publications, showed the high esteem in which
Beckmann was held.
1041:. "Max Beckmann ... died yesterday of a heart attack near his home, 38 West Sixty-ninth Street."
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in
Frankfurt devoted an entire room to the artist in its newly fitted permanent exhibition of modern art.
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1467:, exhibition catalog Neue Galerie New York, Munich e. a.: Prestel, 2019, ISBN 978-3-7913-5859-8.
498:. His style and method of composition are partially rooted in the imagery of medieval stained glass.
458:; instead, he took up and advanced the tradition of figurative painting. He greatly admired not only
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257:. In 1927, he received the Honorary Empire Prize for German Art and the Gold Medal of the City of
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1108:""Max Beckmann in New York," Metropolitan Museum of Art, through February 20, 2017 :: AEQAI"
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1149:"Centre Pompidou – Art culture musée expositions cinémas conférences débats spectacles concerts"
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Finding aid to Max
Beckmann diaries at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
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in New York. In 2017, an anonymous bidder paid the record sum of $ 45.8 million for Beckmann's
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and died after Christmas 1950, struck down by a heart attack at the corner of 69th Street and
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and others. The Max Beckmann Archiv was established in 1977 and is under the auspices of the
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After stops in Denver and Chicago, he and Quappi took an apartment at 38 West 69th Street in
362:. During the last three years of his life, he taught at Washington University (alongside the
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artist, he rejected both the term and the movement. In the 1920s, he was associated with the
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in London; this was also a new world record for a German Expressionism artwork. In 2022,
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839:. Judge, Harry George., Toyne, Anthony. Oxford : Oxford University Press. p. 41.
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of 1950, the year of his death. also in that final year of 1950 he painted the work
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writings was issued in the United States by University of Chicago Press in 1996.
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979:"As Max Beckmann Gets a New York Spotlight, St. Louis Shares in the Glow"
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253:. Some of his most famous students included Theo Garve, Leo Maillet and
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Engaging with the genres of portraiture, landscape, still life, and
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Unlike several of his avant-garde contemporaries, Beckmann rejected
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Art Review: "German Masterpieces Dazzle At San Diego Museum Of Art"
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Review: "Vampires, Ghosts Haunted Max Beckmann During U.S. Exile"
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von Erffa, Hans Martin (ed.): Göpel, Barbara und Erhard (1976).
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1037:"Max Beckman, 66, Noted Artist, Dies". December 28, 1950.
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Beckmann enjoyed great success and official honors during the
163:(February 12, 1884 – December 27, 1950) was a German painter,
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Max Beckmann self-portrait sold at German auction for $ 20.7M
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Max Beckmann in Kalifornien. Exil, Erinnerung und Erneuerung
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245:. In 1925, he was selected to teach a master class at the
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German painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor and writer
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Max Beckmann at the Saint Louis Art Museum: The Paintings
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For ten years, Beckmann lived in self-imposed exile in
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Max Beckmann at the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
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Max Beckmann : Das zeichnerische Werk 1903–1925.
704:. The book has not yet been translated into English.
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A Max Beckmann Gesellschaft was first established by
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Max Beckmann was born into a middle-class family in
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Max Beckmann: Tradition as a Problem of Modern Art.
684:, Parisian novelist and art historian, published a
478:, as well as Northern European artists of the late
1401:Schulz-Hoffmann, Carla; Weiss, Judith C. (1984).
2016:
614:), and MoMA's prominent display of the triptych
351:, which stand as a summation of Beckmann's art.
1330:Max Beckmann: Catalogue raisonné of his Prints.
1151:. Centrepompidou.fr. 2000-09-14. Archived from
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323:His fortunes changed with the rise to power of
2065:Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the Netherlands
238:provides a statement of his approach to art).
175:, and writer. Although he is classified as an
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398:. In 1949 he obtained a professorship at the
1465:The Self-Portrait: From Schiele to Beckmann.
1361:Max Beckmann : Memoirs of a Friendship.
1138:Schulz-Hoffmann and Weiss 1984, pp. 161–162.
1120:Schulz-Hoffmann and Weiss 1984, pp. 270–272.
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374:. He came to St. Louis at the invitation of
610:in 1964–65 (with an excellent catalogue by
521:into an allegory of contemporary humanity.
2085:Washington University in St. Louis faculty
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570:, 1918–1919, oil on canvas, 133 × 154 cm,
769:Several important works by Beckmann were
354:In 1947, Beckmann took a position at the
1323:Max Beckmann : Katalog der Gemälde.
1209:Breidecker, Volker (12 September 2017).
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442:
297:Self-Portrait, House Gable in Background
1129:Schulz-Hoffmann and Weiss 1984, p. 272.
2017:
1564:Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery
1189:Catherine Hickley (December 9, 2011),
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867:Schulz-Hoffmann and Weiss 1984, p. 69.
138:Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery
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1066:PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art
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724:the first of numerous exhibitions at
417:. Beckmann had a one-man show at the
1018:Robert McDonald (February 7, 1987),
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671:Bavarian State Painting Collections
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2090:Brooklyn Museum Art School faculty
2075:Writers from the Kingdom of Saxony
2070:Artists from the Kingdom of Saxony
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1556:Portrait of Mink with Violet Shawl
1391:. New York: Museum of Modern Art.
977:Stephen Kinzer (August 12, 2003),
833:Norwich, John Julius (1985–1993).
14:
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1356:Preface by Peter Selz. New York.
592:American Figurative Expressionism
572:Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen
557:American Figurative Expressionism
2050:20th-century German male artists
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743:(1938), and displayed it at the
728:’s Buchholz Gallery, New York.
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1265:(in German). Kunstareal MĂĽnchen
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1062:"Art on the Eve of Destruction"
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836:Oxford illustrated encyclopedia
647:in London (2003). In 2011, the
1487:Max Beckmann at the Guggenheim
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949:"Chuckling Darkly at Disaster"
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2080:German Expressionist painters
1984:Racial policy of Nazi Germany
1377:. Cologne: Benedikt Taschen.
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749:Hölle der Vögel (Birds' Hell)
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456:non-representational painting
356:St. Louis School of Fine Arts
1580:Self-Portrait with Red Scarf
1387:Rainbird, Sean, ed. (2003).
1373:Michalski, Sergiusz (1994).
624:'s suburban art museum. The
269:and, in 1928, purchased his
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1403:Max Beckmann: Retrospective
1335:von Wiese, Stephan (1978).
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524:From his beginnings in the
255:Marie-Louise von Motesiczky
161:Max Carl Friedrich Beckmann
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1979:Censorship in Nazi Germany
1288:February 11, 2005, at the
1078:10.1162/152028103322491656
604:Boston Museum of Fine Arts
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415:Metropolitan Museum of Art
400:Brooklyn Museum Art School
261:; the National Gallery in
236:Letters to a Woman Painter
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1734:Degenerate Art Exhibition
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1668:Max Beckmann Gesellschaft
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1636:Self-Portrait Yellow-Pink
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1366:Lackner, Stephan (1977).
1359:Lackner, Stephan (1969).
820:January 10, 2006, at the
758:Self-Portrait Yellow-Pink
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429:World Trade Center Towers
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2004:Museum of Fine Arts Bern
1441:Françoise Forster-Hahn:
1328:Hofmaier, James (1990).
1177:August 29, 2007, at the
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739:New York for Beckmann's
608:Art Institute of Chicago
1888:Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler
1596:Self-Portrait in Tuxedo
1424:Max Beckmann in Amerika
1347:Max Beckmann: Biography
915:. Spaightwood galleries
741:Self-Portrait with Horn
735:paid $ 22.5 million at
541:Self-Portrait with Horn
405:Beckmann suffered from
366:painter and printmaker
314:Self-Portrait with Horn
283:Beckmann Self-Portraits
271:Self-Portrait in Tuxedo
249:Academy of Fine Art in
194:
1739:Degenerate Art auction
1673:Beckmann and Theosophy
1572:Descent from the Cross
1352:Belting, Hans (1989).
1050:Rainbird 2003, p. 283.
1009:Guggenheim Collection.
932:Rainbird 2003, p. 274.
876:Rainbird 2003, p. 272.
787:Beckmann and Theosophy
773:in the Munich flat of
709:Saint Louis Art Museum
626:Saint Louis Art Museum
575:
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380:Saint Louis Art Museum
265:acquired his painting
1958:Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
1848:Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
1612:Quappi in Pink Jumper
1447:Deutscher Kunstverlag
1263:"Max Beckmann Archiv"
1237:"Max Beckmann Archiv"
567:The Night (Die Nacht)
564:
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360:Washington University
2055:German male painters
2045:Artists from Leipzig
1838:Alexej von Jawlensky
1548:Young Men by the Sea
1482:Museum of Modern Art
1428:Michael Imhof Verlag
1415:Selz, Peter (1964).
900:Museum of Modern Art
643:in Paris (2002) and
633:Museum of Modern Art
600:Museum of Modern Art
588:Boston Expressionism
553:Boston Expressionism
528:to the period after
433:September 11 attacks
1662:Minna Beckmann-Tube
1445:(MĂĽnchen / Berlin:
1405:. Munich: Prestel.
1215:SĂĽddeutsche Zeitung
1211:"Fluchtpunkt Paris"
1060:Klein, Lee (2003).
656:Wilhelm Hausenstein
327:, whose dislike of
2060:German printmakers
1994:Hildebrand Gurlitt
1989:Gurlitt Collection
1813:Ludwig Godenschweg
1798:Conrad FelixmĂĽller
1309:, 1 December 2022.
1005:2012-11-04 at the
954:The New York Times
765:Rediscovered works
586:, and, indeed, on
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513:and expanded this
496:Matthias GrĂĽnewald
452:
378:, director of the
230:in search of the "
2012:
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1999:Cornelius Gurlitt
1953:Rudolf Schlichter
1878:Wilhelm Lehmbruck
1843:Wassily Kandinsky
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1455:978-3-422-06733-2
1436:978-3-86568-243-7
1422:Anabelle Kienle:
1343:Reimertz, Stephan
1025:Los Angeles Times
947:(June 27, 2003),
945:Michael Kimmelman
775:Cornelius Gurlitt
637:Guggenheim Museum
519:medieval painting
411:Central Park West
376:Perry T. Rathbone
332:in the notorious
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185:Neue Sachlichkeit
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43:
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32:
27:
20:
2035:Max Beckmann
1943:Egon Schiele
1918:Otto Mueller
1893:August Macke
1868:Alfred Kubin
1828:Erich Heckel
1823:George Grosz
1818:Otto Griebel
1778:Marc Chagall
1773:Max Beckmann
1772:
1763:Jankel Adler
1664:(first wife)
1642:
1634:
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1478:Max Beckmann
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1389:Max Beckmann
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1368:Max Beckmann
1367:
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1296:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1240:
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1219:. Retrieved
1214:
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1194:
1185:
1168:
1157:. Retrieved
1153:the original
1143:
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1125:
1116:
1102:
1072:(3): 20–25.
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1065:
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1000:Max Beckmann
982:
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928:
917:. Retrieved
907:
897:Max Beckmann
872:
863:
835:
828:
815:Max Beckmann
810:
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748:
745:Neue Galerie
740:
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694:Schopenhauer
679:
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574:, DĂĽsseldorf
565:
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530:World War II
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342:
325:Adolf Hitler
322:
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247:Städelschule
240:
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213:
198:
191:in Germany.
184:
160:
159:
136:
130:
126:Notable work
75:(1950-12-27)
23:Max Beckmann
2040:Draughtsmen
2030:1950 deaths
2025:1884 births
1758:Jussuf Abbo
1644:Falling Man
1623:(1932–1935)
1615:(1932–1934)
1591:(1918–1919)
1419:. New York.
1370:. New York.
1339:DĂĽsseldorf.
1243:(in German)
1217:(in German)
902:, New York.
690:Dostoyevsky
663: [
645:Tate Modern
484:Renaissance
480:Middle Ages
466:, but also
450:, 1937–1938
448:Birds’ Hell
431:during the
424:Falling Man
209:World War I
119:Printmaking
93:Nationality
2019:Categories
1923:Emil Nolde
1898:Franz Marc
1833:Karl Hofer
1316:References
1159:2012-06-22
919:2012-03-12
913:"Beckmann"
771:discovered
753:Christie's
751:(1938) at
719:Art market
711:published
612:Peter Selz
551:See also:
486:, such as
482:and early
329:Modern Art
259:DĂĽsseldorf
169:printmaker
47:1884-02-12
1853:Paul Klee
1793:Max Ernst
1620:Departure
1588:The Night
1540:Paintings
1349:. Munich.
1269:22 August
1247:22 August
1221:22 August
1196:Bloomberg
737:Sotheby's
698:Nietzsche
686:biography
680:In 2003,
617:Departure
515:archetype
507:modernism
472:Rembrandt
396:Manhattan
349:triptychs
345:Amsterdam
251:Frankfurt
228:theosophy
224:mysticism
216:Rembrandt
165:draftsman
132:The Night
111:Sculpture
1788:Otto Dix
1345:(2003).
1286:Archived
1175:Archived
1094:57563836
1003:Archived
855:11814265
818:Archived
781:See also
606:and the
511:triptych
464:Van Gogh
267:The Bark
173:sculptor
145:Movement
107:Painting
85:New York
1972:Related
1751:Artists
1655:Related
1480:at the
1463:(ed.):
1430:2008),
1086:3246416
492:Bruegel
460:CĂ©zanne
316:, 1938.
220:Picasso
201:Leipzig
115:Drawing
55:Leipzig
1647:(1950)
1639:(1943)
1631:(1936)
1607:(1928)
1599:(1927)
1583:(1917)
1575:(1917)
1567:(1917)
1559:(1910)
1551:(1905)
1453:
1449:2007),
1434:
1409:
1395:
1381:
1303:
1092:
1084:
853:
843:
700:, and
649:Städel
602:, the
547:Legacy
494:, and
476:Rubens
474:, and
439:Themes
338:Munich
263:Berlin
205:Saxony
189:nazism
97:German
87:, U.S.
1090:S2CID
1082:JSTOR
803:Notes
667:]
488:Bosch
468:Blake
275:Basel
1451:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1271:2021
1249:2021
1223:2021
851:OCLC
841:ISBN
582:and
555:and
539:His
462:and
232:Self
226:and
218:and
195:Life
70:Died
41:Born
1074:doi
517:of
358:at
2021::
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1199:.
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1110:.
1096:.
1076::
1028:.
987:.
957:.
922:.
857:.
183:(
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
