38:
597:, poets and artists of the day, in the full intensity of their creative powers, devoted themselves to producing masques; and until the Puritans closed the English theatres in 1642, the masque was the highest art form in England. But because of its ephemeral nature, not a lot of documentation related to masques remains, and much of what is said about the production and enjoyment of masques is still part speculation.
128:. Masques were typically a complimentary offering to the prince among his guests and might combine pastoral settings, mythological fables, and the dramatic elements of ethical debate. There would invariably be some political and social application of the allegory. Such pageants often celebrated a birth, marriage, change of ruler or a
475:. Harington was not so much concerned with the masque itself as with the notoriously heavy drinking at the Court of King James I; "the entertainment went forward, and most of the presenters went backward, or fell down, wine did so occupy their upper chambers". As far as we can ascertain the details of the masque, the
301:, by boat "in a masque with a dozen of other maskers all in garments like shepherds made of fine cloth of gold and fine crimson satin paned, and caps of the same with visors", wearing false beards, accompanied with torch bearers and drummers. Their arrival at the palace water gate was announced by cannon fire.
84:, in which the architectural framing and costumes might be designed by a renowned architect, to present a deferential allegory flattering to the patron. Professional actors and musicians were hired for the speaking and singing parts. Masquers who did not speak or sing were often courtiers: the English queen
479:
was to bring gifts to the King, representing
Solomon, and was to be followed by the spirits of Faith, Hope, Charity, Victory and Peace. Unfortunately, as Harington reported, the actress playing the Queen tripped over the steps of the throne, sending her gifts flying; Hope and Faith were too drunk to
257:
The masque has its origins in a folk tradition where masked players would unexpectedly call on a nobleman in his hall, dancing and bringing gifts on certain nights of the year, or celebrating dynastic occasions. The rustic presentation of "Pyramus and Thisbe" as a wedding entertainment in
400:
king and queen of
England too, narrative elements of the masque at their court became more significant. Plots were often on classical or allegorical themes, glorifying the royal or noble sponsor. At the end, the audience would join with the actors in a final dance.
508:, was a performer and sponsor of court masques. He wrote about the tight-fitting costumes, that it was the fashion "to appear very small in the waist, I remember was drawn up from the ground by both hands whilst the tailor with all his strength buttoned on my
519:
masques have been few and far between. Part of the problem is that only texts survive complete; there is no complete music, only fragments, so no authoritative performance can be made without interpretive invention. By the time of the
634:), English composers turned to the masque as a way of connecting to a genuinely English musical-dramatic form in their attempts to build a historically informed national musical style for England. Examples include those by
605:
While the masque was no longer as popular as it was at its height in the 17th century, there are many later examples of the masque. During the late 17th century, English semi-operas by composers such as
385:, and it was said she wore male costume for the masque, "which apparel she loved often times to be in, in dancings secretly with the King her husband, and going in masks by night through the streets".
249:(c. 1600–02) were staged, they were perhaps quaintly old-fashioned: "What means this, my lord?" is Ophelia's reaction. In English masques, purely musical interludes might be accompanied by a dumbshow.
1075:
282:, where a masked allegorical figure would appear and address the assembled company—providing a theme for the occasion—with musical accompaniment. Costumes were designed by professionals, including
1231:
1182:
1238:
1189:
1019:
1245:
1379:
Gabriel Heaton, 'Elizabethan
Entertainments in Manuscript: The Harefield Festivities and the Dynamics of Exchange', in Jayne Elisabeth Archer, Elizabeth Goldring, Sarah Knight,
947:
1224:
585:, it remains among the best-known British patriotic songs up to the present, while the masque of which it was originally part is remembered by only specialist historians.
1154:
1273:
652:
was the central feature at the London
Coliseum in 2005. Masques also became common as scenes in operettas and musical theatre works set during the Elizabethan period.
430:
understood by modern scholars to have been heavily influenced by the masques of Ben Jonson and the stagecraft of Inigo Jones. There is also a masque sequence in his
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offers a familiar example. Spectators were invited to join in the dancing. At the end, the players would take off their masks to reveal their identities.
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1068:
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135:
Masque imagery tended to be drawn from
Classical rather than Christian sources, and the artifice was part of the Grand dance. Masque thus lent itself to
1103:
933:
344:(Book i, Canto IV). A particularly elaborate masque, performed over the course of two weeks for Queen Elizabeth, is described in the 1821 novel
1578:
1203:
1003:
870:
618:, continued to utilize the masque genre mostly as an occasional piece, and the genre became increasingly associated with patriotic topics.
330:'s court emphasized the concord and unity between Queen and Kingdom. A descriptive narrative of a processional masque is the masque of the
173:
1609:
Songs and dances from the Stuart Masque. An edition of sixty-three items of music for the
English court masque from 1604 to 1641
863:
814:
696:
1629:
1544:"Enter Summer, leaning on Autumn's and Winter's shoulders, and attended on with a train of Satyrs and wood-Nymphs, singing:
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501:
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828:
758:
989:
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158:(1998), have pointed out the political subtext of masques. At times, the political subtext was not far to seek:
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630:
With the renaissance of
English musical composition during the late 19th and early 20th century (the so-called
176:, often even more overtly political, were among the most spectacular entertainments of her day, although the "
884:
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2419:
2182:
1661:
1497:
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than a masque as it was originally understood. His designating it a masque was to indicate that the modern
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speak a word, while Peace, annoyed at finding her way to the throne blocked, made good use of her symbolic
260:
622:
is another successful example. There are isolated examples throughout the first half of the 19th century.
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collaborated, borrows some elements from the masque and further elements from the contemporary courtly
374:
312:
1542:, but, as a character announces, "nay, 'tis no Play neither, but a show." With Nash's stage direction
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2487:
1966:
772:
661:
619:
354:. Queen Elizabeth was entertained at country houses during her progresses with performances like the
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208:
that refers to the occasion of a play or its theme, the most famous being the dumbshow played out in
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226:
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1708:
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There is a detailed, humorous, and malicious (and possibly completely fictitious) account by Sir
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31:
17:
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1886:
656:
2026:
1951:
982:
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730:
492:
30:
This article is about 16th- and early 17th-century court entertainments. For other uses, see
361:
In
Scotland, masques were performed at court, particularly at wedding celebrations, and the
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1911:
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370:
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105:
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that flourished in 16th- and early 17th-century Europe, though it was developed earlier in
224:(1580s), or they might form a pictorial tableau, as one in the Shakespeare collaboration,
8:
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1961:
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346:
230:(III.i)—a tableau that is immediately explicated at some length by the poet-narrator,
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2011:
1981:
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1809:
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891:
688:
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558:
548:
432:
77:
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610:
had masque scenes inset between the acts of the play proper. In the 18th century,
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2222:
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1934:
1844:
1754:
1723:
1428:
W. Park, 'Letter of Thomas
Randolph to the Earl of Leicester, 14 February 1566',
1312:
793:
751:
744:
673:
typical when he wrote the piece would not be suitable. Vaughan
Williams' protégé
635:
516:
472:
390:
381:
took part in a masque in February 1566. Mary attended the wedding of her servant
366:
305:
described similar masques involving the king's disguised appearance. In the play
85:
120:
The masque tradition developed from the elaborate pageants and courtly shows of
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2497:
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2367:
2322:
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1824:
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1674:
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704:
481:
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335:
46:
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2517:
2502:
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2192:
2142:
2016:
1996:
1976:
1854:
1819:
1759:
1749:
1744:
835:
607:
533:
487:
414:
410:
382:
298:
295:
273:
151:
80:). A masque involved music, dancing, singing and acting, within an elaborate
65:
1301:
2512:
2357:
2297:
2247:
2059:
2001:
1956:
1896:
1891:
1829:
1801:
1789:
1774:
1769:
1590:
1484:(Cambridge, 2008), pp. 125-7: Clare McManus, 'When is woman not a woman?',
1417:
682:
670:
643:
378:
351:
81:
1460:
Michael Pearce, 'Anna of Denmark: Fashioning a Danish Court in Scotland',
409:. Their works are usually thought of as the most significant in the form.
214:(III.ii). Dumbshows might be a moving spectacle, like a procession, as in
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1991:
1946:
1869:
1834:
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327:
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which developed in the latter part of the 17th century, a form in which
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Dumbshows were a Medieval element that continued to be popular in early
88:
frequently danced with her ladies in masques between 1603 and 1611, and
2096:
2086:
2074:
1986:
1919:
1881:
1864:
1859:
1779:
1764:
1739:
1336:
Ian Smith, 'White Skin, Black Masks', Jeffrey Masten & Wendy Wall,
1266:
525:
402:
291:
231:
215:
177:
89:
73:
1408:
Michael Pearce, 'Maskerye Claythis for James VI and Anna of Denmark',
1366:(Ashgate, 2012), p. 198: Richard S. Sylvester & Davis P. Harding,
96:
performed in the masques at their courts. In the tradition of masque,
2021:
1901:
1849:
1545:
1054:
856:
723:
136:
37:
1397:
From Tudor to Stewart: the regime change from Elizabeth I to James I
581:. Performed to celebrate the third birthday of Frederick's daughter
1971:
1874:
786:
594:
574:
457:
386:
205:
197:
185:
319:, the masque was recalled when Henry in shepherd's disguise meets
468:
278:
169:
547:
In the 18th century, masques were even less frequently staged. "
1924:
666:
659:
wrote several masques, including his masterpiece in the genre,
210:
181:
101:
1572:
Burden, Michael (1988). "A masque for politics; the masque of
1448:
Mary, Queen of Scots, her environment and tragedy, a biography
456:) is described as a masque, though it is generally reckoned a
2006:
1939:
1697:
695:, for orchestra, chorus and baritone. His title he took from
537:
69:
1381:
Progresses, Pageants, and Entertainments of Queen Elizabeth
948:
The Memorable Masque of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn
164:, put on with a large amount of parliament-raised money by
1540:
A Pleasant Comedie, call'd Summers Last will and Testament
665:
which premiered in 1930, although the work is closer to a
132:
and invariably ended with a tableau of bliss and concord.
1445:(Cambridge, 1924), pp. 99, 130: Thomas Finlay Henderson,
1364:
The Disguised Ruler in Shakespeare and his Contemporaries
1666:
267:
49:
in armour and other conventions were still employed for
699:, whose masque was probably first presented before the
154:, in works like the essays of Bevington and Holbrook's
1443:
Mary, Queen of Scots, a study of the Lennox Narrative
1645:
Cambridge History of English and American Literature
1636:
Cambridge History of English and American Literature
1616:
Four hundred songs and dances from the Stuart Masque
1658:: the next-to-last masque of the court of Charles I
1602:The Early Stuart Masque: Dance, Costume, and Music
1538:It was a "comedy" when it was printed, in 1600 as
1662:Masque of Anarchy, A Poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley
600:
2540:
1640:Popularity of the Masque in the age of Elizabeth
1351:Shakespeare Survey, 60: Theatres for Shakespeare
139:treatment in the hands of master designers like
524:in 1660, the masque was passé, but the English
405:wrote a number of masques with stage design by
1349:Janette Dillon, 'Shakespeare and the Masque',
1682:
1527:Out of the Shadows: Lucy, Countess of Bedford
1514:The Stuart Court Masque and Political Culture
1482:The Stuart Court Masque and Political Culture
1412:(Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2022), pp. 108-123
1004:Time Vindicated to Himself and to His Honours
934:The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn
1550:we are recognizably in the world of Masque.
393:wore masque costumes to dance at weddings.
1689:
1675:
1595:Art and Magic in the Court of the Stuarts.
871:Neptune's Triumph for the Return of Albion
710:
27:Courtly entertainment with music and dance
76:(a public version of the masque was the
36:
1630:"The Elizabethan origins of the masque"
1566:Garrick, Arne, and the Masque of Alfred
1432:, 34:118 Part 2 (October 1955), p. 138.
1317:The Politics of the Stuart Court Masque
1076:The Comick Masque of Pyramus and Thisbe
1011:
715:
691:also wrote a piece he called a masque,
156:The Politics of the Stuart Court Masque
14:
2541:
1571:
864:Mercury Vindicated from the Alchemists
174:Catherine de' Medici's court festivals
1670:
1232:Presumptuous Love: A Dramatick Masque
268:Court masques in England and Scotland
200:is a masque-like interlude of silent
1502:, vol. 1 (London, 1804), pp. 348-351
502:Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset
423:included a masque-like interlude in
1614:Sabol, Andrew J. (editor), (1982),
1607:Sabol, Andrew J. (editor), (1959),
829:Love Freed from Ignorance and Folly
815:The King's Entertainment at Welbeck
759:The Fortunate Isles and Their Union
681:(1967–68), an "extravaganza" after
484:to slap anyone who was in her way.
24:
1516:(Cambridge, 2008), pp. 8, 77, 214.
1190:The Masque of Orpheus and Euridice
990:The Vision of the Twelve Goddesses
25:
2595:
1623:
1410:Medieval English Theatre 43, 2021
843:Love's Triumph Through Callipolis
498:Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset
1183:The Masque of Neptune's Prophecy
1020:Albion; or, The Court of Neptune
693:Summer's Last Will and Testament
625:
363:royal wardrobe provided costumes
196:In English theatre tradition, a
2483:Dance in mythology and religion
1532:
1519:
1506:
1491:
1474:
1454:
1435:
1239:Shakespeare's Jubilee, a Masque
506:James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle
276:masques developed from earlier
1464:, 24:2 (2019), pp. 146, 148-9
1422:
1402:
1386:
1373:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1306:
1295:
1246:The Statute, a Pastoral Masque
703:, perhaps at his London seat,
601:17th- and 18th-century masques
168:, caused great offence to the
115:
13:
1:
1600:Ravelhofer, Barbara, (2006),
1557:
1470:10.1080/14629712.2019.1626110
1353:(Cambridge, 2007), pp. 68–70.
1315:and Peter Holbrook, editors,
1302:'History of the Masque Genre'
885:Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue
822:London's Love to Prince Henry
573:which was first performed at
496:to celebrate the marriage of
1383:(Oxford, 2007), pp. 227-244.
365:. Performers at a masque at
7:
1225:Peleus and Thetis: A Masque
780:The Hue and Cry After Cupid
632:English Musical Renaissance
191:
10:
2600:
2574:European court festivities
1604:, Oxford University Press.
1450:, 2 (London, 1905), p. 659
1430:Scottish Historical Review
997:The World Tossed at Tennis
850:Love's Welcome at Bolsover
579:Frederick, Prince of Wales
375:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
252:
29:
2438:
2125:
2035:
1910:
1800:
1732:
1704:
1696:
1618:, Brown University Press.
1611:, Brown University Press.
1488:, 105 (2008), pp. 437-74.
1155:The Judgement of Hercules
773:The Gypsies Metamorphosed
662:Job, a masque for dancing
620:Acis and Galatea (Handel)
588:
551:" started out as part of
261:A Midsummer Night's Dream
72:, in forms including the
45:: the plumed helmet, the
41:Costume for a Knight, by
1564:Burden, Michael (1994),
1288:
1274:The Triumphs of Hibernia
878:Oberon, the Faery Prince
701:Archbishop of Canterbury
227:Pericles, Prince of Tyre
1340:(Evanson, 2003), p. 44.
955:The Shepherd's Paradise
927:The Masque of Blackness
766:The Golden Age Restored
711:List of notable masques
467:in 1606 of a masque of
356:Harefield Entertainment
32:Masque (disambiguation)
1529:(London, 2007), p. 55.
1418:10.2307/j.ctv24tr7mx.9
1399:(Oxford, 2024), p. 67.
1162:The Judgement of Paris
657:Ralph Vaughan Williams
646:, whose imperialistic
369:dressed as shepherds.
61:was a form of festive
54:
1649:The Masque in Spenser
1568:, Edwin Mellon Press.
1368:Two Early Tudor Lives
1140:The Genius of Ireland
1132:The Genius of Ireland
1062:Britannia and Batavia
983:The Vision of Delight
969:The Triumph of Beauty
731:Christmas, His Masque
655:In the 20th century,
593:The most outstanding
493:The Masque of Flowers
396:After James and Anne
40:
2448:Dance and disability
1370:(Yale, 1962), p. 27.
1338:Renaissance Drama 32
1260:The Triumph of Peace
1253:The Syrens, a masque
1097:The Druids, a masque
1012:18th-century masques
976:The Triumph of Peace
941:The Masque of Queens
920:The Masque of Beauty
913:The Masque of Augurs
716:17th-century masques
417:also wrote masques.
371:Mary, Queen of Scots
161:The Triumph of Peace
94:Charles I of England
53:in the 18th century.
2493:Dance on television
1548:also following him"
1462:The Court Historian
1197:The Masque of Solon
1176:The Masque of Hymen
738:Comus (John Milton)
677:composed a masque,
577:, country house of
542:Jean-Baptiste Lully
522:English Restoration
515:Reconstructions of
421:William Shakespeare
221:The Spanish Tragedy
206:allegorical content
110:Jean-Baptiste Lully
98:Louis XIV of France
1597:London, Routledge.
1362:Kevin A. Quarmby,
1211:The Nuptial Masque
1148:The Happy Nuptials
1111:The Fairy Festival
675:Elizabeth Maconchy
649:The Crown of India
241:, but by the time
188:could rival them.
55:
2569:Opera terminology
2564:Renaissance dance
2554:Theatrical genres
2536:
2535:
2488:Dance occupations
2425:Wallis and Futuna
1498:Henry Harington,
1090:The Death of Dido
1069:Calypso; a masque
1048:Beauty and Virtue
1041:Apollo and Daphne
962:The Sun's Darling
808:The Lords' Masque
801:Lord Hay's Masque
557:, a masque about
341:The Faerie Queene
332:Seven Deadly Sins
296:Cardinal Wolsey's
284:Niccolo da Modena
245:(c. 1607–08) or
239:Elizabethan drama
16:(Redirected from
2591:
2584:Masks in theatre
2523:History of dance
2508:Dance technology
2453:Dance and health
2403:African-American
1691:
1684:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1587:
1551:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1510:
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1495:
1489:
1486:Modern Philology
1478:
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1390:
1384:
1377:
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1354:
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1334:
1328:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1281:Venus and Adonis
1118:The Fairy Prince
1104:The Fairy Favour
906:Tethys' Festival
892:Salmacida Spolia
689:Constant Lambert
640:George Macfarren
559:Alfred the Great
549:Rule, Britannia!
433:Romeo and Juliet
352:Sir Walter Scott
288:George Cavendish
21:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2579:Masks in Europe
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2468:Dance etiquette
2434:
2193:Burma (Myanmar)
2133:
2129:
2121:
2070:Lead and follow
2031:
1967:Country–western
1906:
1887:Novelty and fad
1845:Hoochie coochie
1796:
1755:closed position
1728:
1724:List of dancers
1700:
1695:
1626:
1621:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1537:
1533:
1525:Lesley Lawson,
1524:
1520:
1512:Martin Butler,
1511:
1507:
1496:
1492:
1480:Martin Butler,
1479:
1475:
1459:
1455:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1423:
1407:
1403:
1391:
1387:
1378:
1374:
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1357:
1348:
1344:
1335:
1331:
1313:David Bevington
1311:
1307:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1027:Albion Restor'd
1014:
1009:
794:The Lady of May
752:The Fairy-Queen
745:Cupid and Death
718:
713:
636:Arthur Sullivan
628:
603:
591:
452:(with music by
391:Anne of Denmark
367:Castle Campbell
286:. According to
270:
255:
194:
118:
86:Anne of Denmark
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2528:Women in dance
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:Dance research
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2473:Dance notation
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2444:
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2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1719:List of dances
1716:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1625:
1624:External links
1622:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1588:
1569:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1531:
1518:
1505:
1500:Nugae Antiquae
1490:
1473:
1453:
1434:
1421:
1401:
1385:
1372:
1355:
1342:
1329:
1305:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1218:Pan and Syrinx
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1169:Love and Glory
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
902:
899:Tempe Restored
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
705:Lambeth Palace
627:
624:
602:
599:
590:
587:
569:with music by
561:co-written by
482:olive branches
477:Queen of Sheba
465:John Harington
336:Edmund Spenser
269:
266:
258:Shakespeare's
254:
251:
193:
190:
152:New Historians
122:ducal Burgundy
117:
114:
108:with music by
47:"heroic torso"
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2596:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Concert dance
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Dancing mania
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Dance science
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:Dance in film
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:Dance costume
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:United States
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Faroe Islands
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Neo-Burlesque
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:open position
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:close embrace
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:Participation
1731:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:Hart, Vaughan
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1441:R. H. Mahon,
1438:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1326:
1325:0-521-59436-7
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:
994:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:
980:
978:
977:
973:
971:
970:
966:
964:
963:
959:
957:
956:
952:
950:
949:
945:
943:
942:
938:
936:
935:
931:
929:
928:
924:
922:
921:
917:
915:
914:
910:
908:
907:
903:
901:
900:
896:
894:
893:
889:
887:
886:
882:
880:
879:
875:
873:
872:
868:
866:
865:
861:
859:
858:
854:
852:
851:
847:
845:
844:
840:
838:
837:
836:Love Restored
833:
831:
830:
826:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
802:
798:
796:
795:
791:
789:
788:
784:
782:
781:
777:
775:
774:
770:
768:
767:
763:
761:
760:
756:
754:
753:
749:
747:
746:
742:
740:
739:
735:
733:
732:
728:
726:
725:
721:
720:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:
658:
653:
651:
650:
645:
641:
637:
633:
626:Later masques
623:
621:
617:
613:
612:William Boyce
609:
608:Henry Purcell
598:
596:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:James Thomson
560:
556:
555:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
534:Henry Purcell
531:
527:
523:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:
489:
488:Francis Bacon
485:
483:
478:
474:
471:and Sheba at
470:
466:
461:
459:
458:pastoral play
455:
451:
450:
445:
441:
440:
435:
434:
429:
427:
422:
418:
416:
415:Philip Sidney
412:
411:Samuel Daniel
408:
404:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:Bastian Pagez
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
342:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:Hampton Court
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
265:
263:
262:
250:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
228:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
204:usually with
203:
199:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
141:Giulio Romano
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
66:entertainment
64:
60:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2513:Dance troupe
2458:Dance awards
2353:Pontic Greek
2060:Dance theory
2050:Choreography
1962:Contemporary
1653:
1644:
1635:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1583:
1579:Music Review
1577:
1573:
1565:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1499:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1461:
1456:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1429:
1424:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1316:
1308:
1297:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1204:The Nuptials
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1125:The Festival
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
692:
687:
683:Aristophanes
678:
671:choreography
660:
654:
647:
644:Edward Elgar
629:
604:
592:
567:David Mallet
552:
546:
538:French opera
514:
491:
486:
462:
447:
437:
431:
424:
419:
395:
379:David Rizzio
360:
345:
339:
325:
306:
277:
272:In England,
271:
259:
256:
246:
242:
236:
225:
219:
209:
195:
159:
155:
149:
134:
124:in the late
119:
82:stage design
58:
56:
2343:Philippines
2328:Netherlands
2318:Middle East
1870:Table dance
1835:Go go dance
1815:Competitive
1393:Susan Doran
707:, in 1592.
697:Thomas Nash
642:, and even
616:Thomas Arne
571:Thomas Arne
530:John Dryden
454:Henry Lawes
444:John Milton
426:The Tempest
407:Inigo Jones
328:Elizabeth I
326:Masques at
321:Anne Boleyn
317:Shakespeare
303:Edward Hall
274:Tudor court
145:Inigo Jones
130:royal entry
126:Middle Ages
116:Development
51:opera seria
43:Inigo Jones
2543:Categories
2410:Uzbekistan
2178:Azerbaijan
2087:Musicality
2055:Connection
2012:Postmodern
1982:Historical
1865:Striptease
1860:Pole dance
1810:Ceremonial
1765:slow dance
1654:Florimène,
1558:References
1267:Telemachus
526:semi-opera
439:Henry VIII
403:Ben Jonson
347:Kenilworth
308:Henry VIII
292:Henry VIII
216:Thomas Kyd
178:intermezzi
106:Versailles
100:danced in
90:Henry VIII
74:intermedio
2415:Venezuela
2378:Sri Lanka
2373:Singapore
2333:Nicaragua
2263:Indonesia
2168:Australia
2037:Technique
1935:formation
1850:Lap dance
1546:Vertumnus
1143:version 2
1135:version 1
1055:Britannia
857:Luminalia
724:Chloridia
679:The Birds
595:humanists
490:paid for
473:Theobalds
184:court in
180:" of the
166:Charles I
137:Mannerist
2430:Zimbabwe
2383:Thailand
2308:Malaysia
2293:Kiribati
2203:Cameroon
2198:Cambodia
2188:Bulgaria
2163:Assyrian
2132:national
2127:Regional
2107:Spotting
2102:Sequence
2080:glossary
2027:Two-step
1972:Flamenco
1957:Breaking
1952:Boogaloo
1930:Ballroom
1875:Twerking
1840:Grinding
1825:Ecstatic
1593:(1994).
1586:: 21–30.
787:Hymenaei
575:Cliveden
413:and Sir
387:James VI
313:Fletcher
294:came to
279:guisings
243:Pericles
198:dumbshow
192:Dumbshow
186:Florence
170:Puritans
2549:Masques
2440:Related
2420:Vietnam
2393:Ukraine
2303:Kurdish
2273:Ireland
2253:Hungary
2243:Georgia
2228:Denmark
2218:Croatia
2183:Belarus
2173:Austria
2158:Armenia
2148:Albania
2112:Turnout
1997:Lyrical
1977:Hip-hop
1820:Concert
1745:Partner
1714:Outline
583:Augusta
510:doublet
469:Solomon
253:Origins
102:ballets
78:pageant
63:courtly
18:Masques
2388:Turkey
2368:Serbia
2363:Russia
2358:Romani
2348:Poland
2313:Mexico
2278:Israel
2248:Greece
2233:Europe
2208:Canada
2143:Africa
2134:dances
2092:Pointe
2065:Graham
2045:Ballet
2002:Modern
1925:Ballet
1912:Styles
1897:Street
1892:Sacred
1830:Erotic
1802:Social
1790:square
1775:contra
1770:circle
1574:Alfred
1323:
1034:Alfred
667:ballet
589:Legacy
554:Alfred
517:Stuart
398:became
377:, and
247:Hamlet
211:Hamlet
182:Medici
59:masque
2323:Nepal
2298:Korea
2288:Japan
2283:Italy
2258:India
2213:China
2117:Turns
2075:Moves
2017:Swing
2007:Polka
1992:Latin
1947:Belly
1940:waltz
1785:round
1709:Index
1698:Dance
1319:1998
1289:Notes
1083:Comus
449:Comus
350:, by
311:, by
232:Gower
70:Italy
2338:Peru
2268:Iran
2223:Cuba
2153:Arab
2097:Pole
1987:Jazz
1920:Acro
1882:Folk
1780:line
1740:Solo
1656:1635
1321:ISBN
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