217:
38:
101:
83:
281:, and his claims of sovereignty over all small frontier states, ushered in a new period of conflict. In 1903 'Ali Dinar attacked and defeated the Masalit, and captured and executed their sultan. Subsequently the Sultan's brother, Taj al-Din Isma'il, rallied the Masalit forces and drove out the Darfuri army. The peace treaty of 1908 left 'Ali Dinar in
382:
The
Masalit are also known as the Kana Masaraka/Masaraka, Mesalit, and Massalit. They are primarily subsistence agriculturalists, cultivating peanuts and millet. Further south in their territory, they grow various other crops, including sorghum. The typical Masalit dwelling is conical in shape, and
272:
by the
Ottomans and Egyptians in 1874, the Masalit were unified into a Sultanate by Hajjam Hasab Allah. However, Hajjam's rule was seen by the Masalit population as oppressive. Thus, he was ousted in 1883 by Ismail Abdel Nebi, who took control of the Sultanate. In 1895 the Masalit Sultanate was
277:; the Sultan escaped capture by putting himself under the protection of the sultan of Wadai. The fall of the Mahdist state in 1898 did not bring peace to western Darfur. 'Ali Dinar's accession to the throne of a restored
386:
The
Masalit are Muslim and their religious practices incorporate traditional beliefs and customs. Islam first appeared in the area around the 17th century with the arrival of wandering Muslim mystics.
432:
This altogether suggests that the genetic introgression into the
Masalit's ancestral population was asymmetrical, occurring primarily through Afro-Asiatic-speaking males rather than females.
685:
341:
Masalit is divided into several dialects, with the variety spoken in South Darfur differing from that of West Darfur. The northern
Masalit dialect is spoken to the east and north of
742:
302:
that started in 2003. Reprisals and ethnic cleansing led to an estimated 170,000 deaths over two years, and intermittent violence persisted afterwards. As part of the
569:
767:
894:
827:
716:
287:
control of the
Masalit, but in reality it placed Taj al-Din at the head of a small but proud Masalit state under the vassalage of the
668:
768:"These African asylum seekers came to Israel alone as kids. Now they could face deportation: 'Israel is part of who I am'"
887:
631:
820:
294:
Masalit tribes were among the rebel groups that fought against the
Sudanese central government and the pro-government
541:
743:"Genetic Patterns of Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation, with Implications to the Peopling of the Sudan"
1154:
796:
The Hidden
Slaughter and Ethnic Cleansing in Western Sudan: An Open Letter to the International Community (1999)
686:"Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: Restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history"
1149:
880:
813:
413:
paternal haplogroup. Of these, 73.9% bear the V32 subclade. Approximately 6.3% also belong to the haplogroup
454:
310:(RSF) (a successor to the Janjaweed) launched a new campaign of ethnic cleansing in Darfur. In June 2023,
395:
1070:
410:
795:
1159:
17:
805:
335:
165:
531:
216:
903:
464:
418:
403:
360:
languages. It shares 45% of its vocabulary with Marfa, 42% with Maba, and 36% with
Karanga.
941:
414:
307:
567:
Kapteijns, Lidwien (c. 1983). "The
Emergence of a Sudanic State: Dar Masalit, 1874-1905".
260:
Before 1874, the Masalit were divided between multiple polities in the region such as the
250:, there were 462,000 total Masalit speakers as of 2011, of whom 350,000 resided in Sudan.
8:
991:
303:
288:
269:
265:
613:
586:
422:
708:
664:
537:
367:, except in the central area, where the Nilo-Saharan vernacular is primarily spoken.
63:
971:
700:
578:
357:
327:
278:
237:
205:
181:
121:
1164:
1126:
1035:
924:
658:
426:
331:
261:
189:
129:
1121:
1040:
1030:
1008:
986:
946:
931:
861:
441:
409:
According to Hassan et al. (2008), around 71.9% of Masalit are carriers of the
349:
161:
125:
257:. After migrating through Chad, they eventually settled in present-day Sudan.
1143:
1116:
1111:
1102:
1092:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1018:
1003:
981:
966:
936:
919:
914:
840:
459:
399:
353:
311:
299:
274:
394:
Maternally, the Masalit entirely belong to African-based derivatives of the
976:
836:
712:
421:-speaking populations. The remaining Masalit are primarily carriers of the
371:
241:
1085:
1080:
1060:
1045:
1025:
1013:
961:
951:
505:
315:
233:
221:
153:
141:
70:
872:
617:
998:
956:
851:
704:
246:
157:
590:
37:
417:. This points to significant patrilineal gene flow from neighbouring
295:
582:
835:
342:
283:
254:
229:
1097:
660:
Muslim Peoples [2 Volumes]: A World Ethnographic Survey
364:
562:
560:
800:
197:
106:
73:
557:
201:
88:
66:
570:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
398:
according to Hassan (2010). Of these mtDNA clades, the
533:
The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary
348:
The Masalit language is most closely related to the
318:, accused the RSF of genocide; he was later killed.
683:
1141:
684:Hassan, Hisham Y.; et al. (November 2008).
597:
500:
220:The Masalit people are generally located in the
604:Davies, R. (c. 1924). "The Masalit Sultanate".
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
425:lineage (18.8%), which is instead common among
173:Ethnic group in western Sudan and eastern Chad
888:
821:
566:
477:
536:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 375.
895:
881:
828:
814:
253:Masalit tradition traces their origins to
36:
902:
693:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
603:
435:
196:) are an ethnic group inhabiting western
215:
14:
1142:
656:
525:
523:
42:Flag used by some Masalit nationalists
876:
809:
529:
406:(12.2%) lineages are most frequent.
268:. However, after the conquest of the
236:, though a few thousand also live in
760:
663:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 502.
58:Regions with significant populations
740:
520:
193:
24:
25:
1176:
789:
383:constructed of wood and thatch.
314:, a Masalit and the governor of
99:
81:
741:Mohamed, Hisham Yousif Hassan.
734:
677:
650:
624:
363:Most Masalit are bilingual in
228:The Masalit primarily live in
13:
1:
370:Masalit is written using the
632:"Genocide returns to Darfur"
530:Olson, James Stuart (1996).
336:Nilo-Saharan language family
7:
657:Weekes, Richard V. (1984).
448:
389:
321:
211:
10:
1181:
377:
910:
847:
240:in eastern Sudan, and in
152:
147:
140:
135:
120:
115:
97:
79:
62:
57:
52:
47:
35:
748:. University of Khartoum
470:
606:Sudan Notes and Records
330:, which belongs to the
304:2023 civil war in Sudan
1155:Ethnic groups in Sudan
436:Notable Masalit people
326:The Masalit speak the
225:
1150:Ethnic groups in Chad
904:Ethnic groups in Chad
444:(born 1994), activist
219:
148:Related ethnic groups
722:on 23 September 2016
332:Maban language group
308:Rapid Support Forces
298:militia during the
289:Sultanate of Darfur
270:Sultanate of Darfur
266:Sultanate of Darfur
32:
705:10.1002/ajpa.20876
506:"Masalit language"
226:
30:
1137:
1136:
870:
869:
670:978-0-313-23392-0
455:Battle of Geneina
396:macrohaplogroup L
232:, the capital of
204:. They speak the
171:
170:
16:(Redirected from
1172:
897:
890:
883:
874:
873:
839:involved in the
830:
823:
816:
807:
806:
783:
782:
780:
779:
764:
758:
757:
755:
753:
747:
738:
732:
731:
729:
727:
721:
715:. Archived from
690:
681:
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674:
654:
648:
647:
645:
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638:. 5 October 2023
628:
622:
621:
601:
595:
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518:
517:
515:
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465:Masalit genocide
328:Masalit language
279:Darfur Sultanate
238:Al Qadarif State
206:Masalit language
195:
105:
103:
102:
87:
85:
84:
48:Total population
40:
33:
29:
21:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1133:
906:
901:
871:
866:
843:
841:Darfur conflict
834:
792:
787:
786:
777:
775:
766:
765:
761:
751:
749:
745:
739:
735:
725:
723:
719:
688:
682:
678:
671:
655:
651:
641:
639:
630:
629:
625:
602:
598:
565:
558:
548:
546:
544:
528:
521:
511:
509:
504:
503:
478:
473:
451:
438:
392:
380:
324:
273:invaded by the
262:Wadai Sultanate
244:. According to
214:
174:
130:Sudanese Arabic
100:
98:
82:
80:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1178:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1160:African nomads
1157:
1152:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
995:
994:
989:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
928:
927:
917:
911:
908:
907:
900:
899:
892:
885:
877:
868:
867:
865:
864:
859:
854:
848:
845:
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833:
832:
825:
818:
810:
804:
803:
801:Massaleit.info
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791:
790:External links
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785:
784:
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733:
699:(3): 316–323.
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583:10.2307/218268
577:(4): 601–613.
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442:Usumain Baraka
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126:Chadian Arabic
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111:297,000 (2022)
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93:112,000 (2019)
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312:Khamis Abakar
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300:War in Darfur
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275:Mahdist State
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186:masala/masara
183:
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167:
166:Nilo-Saharans
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119:
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39:
34:
19:
1050:
992:Yerwa Kanuri
856:
776:. Retrieved
774:. 2018-02-18
771:
762:
752:21 September
750:. Retrieved
736:
726:22 September
724:. Retrieved
717:the original
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692:
679:
659:
652:
640:. Retrieved
635:
626:
612:(2): 49–62.
609:
605:
599:
574:
568:
549:22 September
547:. Retrieved
532:
512:22 September
510:. Retrieved
508:. Ethnologue
431:
419:Afro-Asiatic
408:
402:(14.6%) and
393:
385:
381:
372:Latin script
369:
362:
347:
340:
325:
293:
282:
259:
252:
245:
242:South Darfur
227:
200:and eastern
185:
177:
175:
64:Wadai Region
27:Ethnic group
316:West Darfur
234:West Darfur
222:West Darfur
142:Sunni Islam
71:West Darfur
1144:Categories
778:2024-03-20
247:Ethnologue
925:Shuweihat
642:7 October
296:Janjaweed
116:Languages
1071:Sudanese
1036:Mandinka
972:Hadjarai
713:18618658
618:41715557
449:See also
390:Genetics
322:Language
264:and the
212:Overview
136:Religion
1127:Bidayat
1122:Zaghawa
1103:Anakaza
1051:Masalit
1041:Mararit
1031:Mandara
1009:Kujarke
987:Kanembu
947:Fongoro
932:Bagirmi
862:Zaghawa
857:Masalit
772:Haaretz
427:Nilotes
378:Culture
358:Karanga
343:Geneina
334:of the
284:de jure
255:Tunisia
230:Geneina
194:ماساليت
182:Masalit
178:Masalit
162:Zaghawa
122:Masalit
53:409,000
31:Masalit
18:Masalit
1165:Darfur
1117:Tupuri
1112:Tunjur
1098:Gouran
1093:Toubou
1076:Sungor
1066:Sinyar
1056:Musgum
1019:Bilala
1004:Kotoko
982:Kanuri
967:Haddad
937:Buduma
915:Amdang
711:
667:
616:
591:218268
589:
540:
365:Arabic
306:, the
224:region
190:Arabic
104:
86:
977:Hausa
746:(PDF)
720:(PDF)
689:(PDF)
614:JSTOR
587:JSTOR
471:Notes
411:E1b1b
350:Marfa
198:Sudan
107:Sudan
74:Sudan
1086:Kimr
1081:Tama
1061:Sara
1046:Masa
1026:Maba
1014:Lisi
962:Gula
952:Fula
754:2016
728:2016
709:PMID
665:ISBN
644:2023
551:2016
538:ISBN
514:2016
423:A3b2
400:L0a1
356:and
354:Maba
202:Chad
176:The
154:Maba
89:Chad
69:and
67:Chad
999:Kim
957:Fur
852:Fur
701:doi
697:137
579:doi
404:L1c
158:Fur
1146::
770:.
707:.
695:.
691:.
634:.
608:.
585:.
575:16
573:.
559:^
522:^
479:^
429:.
415:J1
374:.
352:,
345:.
338:.
291:.
208:.
192::
188:;
184::
164:,
160:,
156:,
128:,
124:,
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781:.
756:.
730:.
703::
673:.
646:.
620:.
610:7
593:.
581::
553:.
516:.
180:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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