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reminded people of the constant cycle of life and death, the balance of good and evil, and the sorrow and happiness in human life. The
Martenitsa is also a stylized symbol of Mother Nature, the white symbolizing the purity of the melting white snow and the red setting of the sun, which becomes more and more intense as spring progresses. These two natural resources are the source of life. They are also associated with the male and female beginnings, and in their balance, with the need for balance in life.
205:
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252:, "Grandma March") evokes a grumpy old lady whose mood swings very rapidly. The common belief is that by wearing the red and white colors of the Martenitsa, people ask Baba Marta for mercy. They hope that it will make winter pass faster and bring spring. The first returning stork or swallow is taken as a harbinger of spring and as evidence that Baba Marta is in a good mood and is about to retire.
228:
Tradition dictates that
Martenitsi are always given as gifts, not bought for oneself. They are given to loved ones, friends, and those people to whom one feels close. Beginning on the first of March, one or more are worn pinned to clothing, or around the wrist or neck, until the wearer sees a stork
255:
The ritual of finally taking off the
Martenitsa is different in different parts of Bulgaria and North Macedonia. Some people tie the Martenitsa on a branch of a fruit tree, thus giving the tree health and luck, which the person wearing the Martenitsa has enjoyed themselves while wearing it. Others
195:
The red and white woven threads symbolize the wish for good health. They are the heralds of the coming of spring and of new life. While white as a color symbolizes purity, red is a symbol of life and passion, and so some ethnologists have proposed that, in its very origins, the custom might have
360:, which resulted in a decisive Bulgar victory. After the battle, the Asparuch sent doves with white threads to announce the victory to his main camp. The threads turned bloody during the flight, thus creating the first Martenitsa.
1160:
341:
Lexicon. It is said that the priests wrap a red thread around their right hand and foot. At that time red or otherwise colored threads were used to protect children and youths from evil spirits and witchcraft.
256:
put it under a stone with the idea that the kind of creature (usually an insect) closest to the token the next day will determine the person's health for the rest of the year. If the creature is a
406:
314:
and to all agricultural cults of nature. Some specific features of the ritual, especially tying the twisted white and red woolen threads, are a result of centuries-old tradition and suggest
275:
Wearing one or more
Martenitsi is a very popular Bulgarian and Macedonian tradition. The time during which they are worn is meant to be a joyful holiday commemorating health and long life.
38:
650:
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995:
628:(4th c AD), Patrologia Graeca, 49.196, and P.G. 61.106, to DuCagne Lexicon (word περιάμματα), W. Deonna, "Quelques croyances superstitieuses de la Grece ancienne" in
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122:) is a small piece of adornment, made of white and red yarn and usually in the form of two dolls, a white male and a red female. Martenitsi are worn from
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192:). Pizho, the male doll, is usually predominantly white; Penda, the female doll, is distinguished by her skirt and is usually predominantly red.
492:. Research centre for Canadian Ethnic Studies at the University of Calgary for the Canadian Ethnic Studies Association. 1975. p. 44.
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672:"Етнологът Иглика Мишкова: Мартеницата никога не се изхвърля, за да не си изхвърли човек и късмета, 01 март 2011 г. Агенция "Фокус""
611:
Koukoules
Phaidon, "On the food and care of the children in Byzantium" (Περί των ανήβων τροφής και επιμελείας παρά Βυζαντινοίς), in
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647:"Patrologiae cursus completus ..., Migne, vol. 61, Chrysost. Epistle to Corinthians, columns 105 (down) and 106 in Greek and Latin"
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In
Albania, it is worn on the March 14 (the old first day of March in the Julian calendar) to celebrate the Summer Fest (
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tradition related to welcoming the spring, which according to
Bulgarian and Macedonian folklore begins in March.
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562:"Център по тракология "Проф. Александър Фол"; Енциклопедия Древна Тракия и траките - Мартеницата, Ваня Лозанова"
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Modern
Martenitsi take a wider variety of forms and often incorporate colored beads and other elaboration.
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587:"Phōtiou tou patriarchou Lexeōn synagōgE (Φωτίου του Πατριάρχου Λέξεων Συναγωγή), London, 1822, p. 180"
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424:"Cultural practices associated to the 1st of March - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO"
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or swallow returning from migration, or a blossoming tree, and then removes the
Martenitsa.
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138:(or until the end of March (April 1)). The name of the holiday means "Grandma March" in
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An early 20th-century
Bulgarian story relates the first Martenitsi to the 7th-century
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333:. The ancient equivalent of the modern Greek "martis" is thought to be the
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UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
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historicity of the deity is dubious; functions of the deity are unclear.
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Martenitsi tied to a blossoming tree, a symbol of approaching spring
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697:Мартеницата и сурвачката имат общ произход, ст.н.с. Иван Петрински.
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42.169 (no date), and P.Wolters, "Faden und Knoten als Amulet", in
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310:. The tradition is related to the ancient pagan history of the
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Some ethnographers claim that the custom can be traced in the
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Bulgarian rituals and traditions Regional Museum Burgas
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A typical Martenitsa consists of two small wool dolls,
722:. Wishes for Baba Marta (Wishes for Grandma Marta).
101:
146:, the holiday and the wearing of Martenitsi are a
802:
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30:"Martinka" redirects here. For the company, see
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695:В-к "Сега" Брой 4924 (49) 27 Февруари 2014,
2449:Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays
286:This tradition is an important part of the
224:Blossoming Magnolia full of tied Martenitsi
795:
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2495:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
404:Grandmother March, 1st March, Martenitsa
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126:(March 1) until the wearer first sees a
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14:
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613:Επετηρίς Εταιρείας Βυζαντινών Σπουδών
61:
2192:Folk cults (also including Ossetian)
2017:Russian traditions and superstitions
730:. Bulgarian Folk Art. Archived from
518:"Reading Room: The martenitsa story"
507:
448:Dubravka Ugresic (11 January 2011).
337:(κρόκη). The custom is mentioned in
290:and there is a similar tradition in
728:"Bulgarian martenitsi online store"
24:
468:from the original on 18 April 2023
25:
2511:
712:
1524:Mistress of the Copper Mountain
689:
678:from the original on 2012-01-19
664:
653:from the original on 2023-04-18
639:
593:from the original on 2023-04-18
568:from the original on 2020-01-13
496:from the original on 2023-04-18
454:. Grove Atlantic. p. 244.
430:from the original on 2020-12-10
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2375:Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism
804:Slavic mythology and religion
766:"Baba Marta Bulgarian custom"
749:. Balkan Info. Archived from
636:. 1905, pp 1-22 of the Annex.
615:, vol. 14 (1938), pp 325, 326
390:
747:"Baba Marta (Grandma Marta)"
524:. 2008-02-29. Archived from
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318:(paleo-Balkan) or possibly
238:Macedonian Slavic mythology
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720:"Пожелания за Баба Марта"
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634:Archiv f. Religionswiss
489:Canadian Ethnic Studies
216:Another tied Martenitsa
2407:Russian Zoroastrianism
2022:Serbian folk astronomy
1418:Vasilisa the Beautiful
1343:Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv
540:"Bulgarian Martenitsa"
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63:[ˈmartɛnit͡sa]
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2490:Macedonian traditions
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2380:Slavic-Hill Rodnovery
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1348:Lech, Czech, and Rus'
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624:The author refers to
544:Bulgaria Travel Guide
451:Baba Yaga Laid an Egg
385:Albanian folk beliefs
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2096:Ukrainian fairy tale
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331:Eleusinian Mysteries
302:(known as verorja),
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2091:Serbian epic poetry
2076:Bosniak epic poetry
1933:Mythological places
1433:Legendary creatures
1423:Volga Svyatoslavich
1248:Priesthood and cult
288:Culture of Bulgaria
2416:In popular culture
2086:Russian fairy tale
1383:Mustay-Bey of Lika
702:2016-03-09 at the
620:2018-06-29 at the
426:. Ich.unesco.org.
409:2015-04-02 at the
234:Bulgarian folklore
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41:Typical Martenitsa
32:Martinka (company)
27:Balkanic tradition
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168:Inscribed on the
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550:on 2007-07-18.
531:
528:on 2009-03-04.
522:The Sofia Echo
506:
479:
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124:Baba Marta Day
26:
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2:
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2444:Book of Veles
2442:
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2435:
2429:
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2421:
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2308:Saint Eustace
2306:
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2267:Saint Vlasius
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2260:Saint Nedelya
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2199:Ognyena Maria
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2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Creation myth
2010:
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2007:
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1945:Bald Mountain
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1674:Chervona Ruta
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1554:Water spirits
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1368:Milan Toplica
1366:
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1363:Mila Gojsalić
1361:
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1356:
1354:
1351:
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1329:
1328:Ivan Kosančić
1326:
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1323:Ilya Muromets
1321:
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1298:Damned Jerina
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913:Lel and Polel
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763:
753:on 2007-03-03
752:
748:
744:
734:on 2011-02-26
733:
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461:9780802197634
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52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
2459:
2335:God-Building
2182:
1991:Axe of Perun
1441:Unquiet dead
1398:Prince Marko
1373:Miloš Obilić
755:. Retrieved
751:the original
736:. Retrieved
732:the original
691:
680:. Retrieved
666:
655:. Retrieved
641:
633:
629:
612:
606:
595:. Retrieved
581:
570:. Retrieved
556:
548:the original
543:
534:
526:the original
521:
498:. Retrieved
488:
482:
470:. Retrieved
450:
443:
432:. Retrieved
418:
399:
380:Dita e Verës
354:Khan Asparuh
349:between the
344:
334:
328:
285:
277:
274:
254:
241:
231:
227:
194:
190:Пижо и Пенда
181:
179:
167:
159:Dita e Verës
156:
46:
44:
2365:Levashovism
2284:Saint Peter
2146:(1120s–60s)
2138:Kievan Rus'
1670:Fern flower
1509:Lady Midday
1220: [
1208: [
1196: [
1168:Dzidzileyla
1159: [
1147: [
1087: [
1014: [
994: [
946: [
855: [
843: [
2474:Categories
2402:Roerichism
2385:Sylenkoism
2360:Kandybaism
2345:Authentism
2279:Maslenitsa
2248:Uastyrdzhi
2183:Martenitsa
2150:Bogomilism
2069:Literature
1919:Maslenitsa
1884:Baba Marta
1834:Tintilinić
1784:Rozhanitsy
1759:Povitrulya
1724:Likhoradka
1640:Chuhaister
1610:Black Arab
1116:Rozhanitsy
1101:Mat Zemlya
1028:Svarozhits
825:Chernoglav
757:2007-03-02
738:2011-02-18
682:2013-03-01
657:2023-03-29
597:2023-03-29
572:2011-03-21
500:2023-03-19
434:2019-12-21
391:References
370:Baba Marta
358:Byzantines
250:Баба Марта
242:Baba Marta
152:Macedonian
144:Macedonian
68:Macedonian
59:pronounced
47:Martenitsa
2355:Ivanovism
2350:Bazhovism
2289:Donbettyr
2144:Pomerania
2055:Ukrainian
1970:Lukomorye
1779:Raskovnik
1754:Płanetnik
1665:Dziwożona
1600:Berehynia
1590:Baš Čelik
1580:Baba Yaga
1413:Svyatogor
1270:Shamanism
1139:Chislobog
976:Perperuna
966:Rugiaevit
326:origins.
246:Bulgarian
240:the name
200:Tradition
186:Bulgarian
176:Symbolism
148:Bulgarian
140:Bulgarian
97:romanized
77:romanized
55:мартеница
51:Bulgarian
2173:Zagovory
2120:Bulgaria
2032:Folklore
1914:Marzanna
1909:Kostroma
1864:Werewolf
1839:Topielec
1804:Shishiga
1794:Samodiva
1749:Nocnitsa
1709:Koshchei
1704:Karzełek
1679:Firebird
1635:Chernava
1615:Błędnica
1575:Alkonost
1563:Entities
1544:Vodyanoy
1504:Dvorovoy
1489:Bolotnik
1458:Kikimora
1453:Drekavac
1293:Burislav
1033:Svetovit
971:Pereplut
956:Radegast
952:or Prone
700:Archived
676:Archived
651:Archived
618:Archived
591:Archived
566:Archived
494:Archived
472:19 March
466:Archived
428:Archived
407:Archived
375:Mărțișor
364:See also
356:and the
339:Photios'
320:Hellenic
316:Thracian
116:Albanian
112:mărțișor
108:Romanian
83:martinka
72:мартинка
18:Martinka
2423:Fantasy
2395:Ynglism
2243:Dazhbog
2231:Uacilla
2126:Bohemia
2114:Moravia
2050:Serbian
2045:Russian
2005:Beliefs
1984:Objects
1899:Koliada
1824:Stricha
1814:Strzyga
1789:Rusalka
1774:Rahmans
1764:Psoglav
1699:Ispolin
1689:Gamayun
1660:Dukljan
1645:Cikavac
1630:Bukavac
1625:Boginki
1539:Polevik
1534:Ovinnik
1529:Moryana
1499:Domovoy
1378:Misizla
1234:Voloska
1205:Pogvizd
1106:Moryana
1096:Koliada
1048:Yarovit
1038:Triglav
986:Stribog
981:Simargl
938:Porevit
933:Porenut
893:Pizamar
873:Kresnik
830:Dazhbog
812:Deities
308:Moldova
304:Romania
300:Albania
132:swallow
99::
79::
2460:Notes:
2140:(980s)
2134:(960s)
2132:Poland
2128:(880s)
2122:(860s)
2116:(830s)
2081:Bylina
2060:Polish
1965:Kitezh
1940:Alatyr
1924:Jarilo
1904:Kupala
1889:German
1854:Zduhać
1829:Sudice
1819:Stuhać
1809:Skrzak
1739:Molfar
1734:Meduza
1714:Krsnik
1694:Indrik
1684:Gagana
1549:Shubin
1519:Boruta
1484:Bannik
1393:Popiel
1353:Libuše
1265:Zhrets
1260:Volkhv
1255:Vedmak
1217:Troyan
1183:Kupala
1023:Svarog
991:Pogoda
928:Podaga
903:Hennil
898:Yarilo
888:Mokosh
883:Morana
852:Diviya
835:Devana
458:
351:Bulgar
296:Greece
282:Origin
270:spider
120:verore
103:mártis
92:μάρτης
2313:Apsat
2301:Tutyr
2272:Veles
2221:Veles
2040:Czech
1975:Vyraj
1950:Buyan
1849:Vesna
1799:Sirin
1769:Raróg
1719:Likho
1650:Chort
1585:Babay
1514:Leshy
1468:Upiór
1463:Mavka
1403:Sadko
1239:Yesha
1229:Vesna
1224:]
1212:]
1200:]
1193:Lelya
1178:Krodo
1173:Flins
1163:]
1151:]
1121:Zorya
1091:]
1063:Żywie
1058:Zorya
1053:Zhiva
1043:Veles
1018:]
1006:]
950:]
943:Prove
923:Perun
868:Khors
863:]
847:]
335:kroke
324:Roman
260:or a
258:larva
163:Diana
134:, or
128:stork
88:Greek
2428:Film
1859:Zmey
1729:Mare
1655:Čuma
1620:Blud
1605:Bies
1595:Bauk
1448:Vila
1188:Lada
1156:Dana
1144:Chur
1079:Dola
1011:Zelu
918:Niya
474:2023
456:ISBN
306:and
262:worm
236:and
150:and
142:and
1844:Ved
1744:Nav
1570:Ala
1111:Rod
961:Rod
908:Kyi
840:Dyi
322:or
266:ant
232:In
172:.
2476::
1222:ru
1210:ru
1198:ru
1161:ru
1149:ru
1089:ru
1016:cs
1004:fr
1002:;
1000:cs
998:;
996:ru
948:ru
861:uz
859:;
857:ru
845:ru
674:.
649:.
589:.
564:.
542:.
520:.
509:^
464:.
298:,
248::
188::
165:.
130:,
118::
114:;
110::
106:;
94:,
90::
86:;
74:,
70::
66:;
57:,
53::
45:A
1672:-
796:e
789:t
782:v
768:.
760:.
741:.
685:.
660:.
600:.
575:.
503:.
476:.
437:.
244:(
184:(
49:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
