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1832, she applied to the
Prussian government for the exclusive right to produce and sell the product Melissengeist and for recognition as a medicine. Until then, only sale as a perfume had been permitted. Despite the Cologne authorities' benevolent treatment of the application, which already restricted competitors in advance of a pending ministerial decision, the Berlin government rejected the application after a long processing time on 15 March 1834. Once again, the inadmissibility of restricting pharmacists was pointed out, who could prepare the product on prescription at any time and who, apart from that, were solely authorised to produce medicines. Thus, lemon balm spirit could officially continue to be marketed only as a cosmetic and competition in this product segment could not be regulated in Martin's favour. However, since Melissengeist products were, more or less subtly, definitely marketed with references to medicinal applications, there were nevertheless interventions against competitors, but not against Martin, who enjoyed a certain degree of protection, not least due to the royal permission to use the coat of arms. In 1835, Martin herself successfully denounced a competitor who wanted to distribute the Carmelite spirit imported from Regensburg in Cologne with an instruction leaflet aimed at medicinal use, although she herself used very similar papers.
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through the production of
Carmelite water. She also stated that from her eight-year stay in the Carmelite convent in Brussels she had "the key to this specific as well as any member of this order. Helmut Heckelmann doubts this information and found no evidence that a Carmelite or Melissa spirit was ever produced in the monasteries of Coesfeld and Glane. Nor is there any evidence that Martin belonged to the convent of the Brussels Carmelite nuns, or that a melissa spirit was produced there. The origin of the recipe for the lemon balm spirit differs in this respect from Martin's information, but also from widespread reports She says she learned the secret recipe for "genuine Spanish lemon balm water" in a monastery pharmacy in Westphalia.
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200:. In her submissions on the matter, she wrote that from her time in Coesfeld she had experience of the healing procedure for "fistula and cancer damage" taught in the monastery there and asked for permission to use it. This was denied to her and the investigations, the result of which is not known, were not stopped at first. No evidence was found of a healing procedure against
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did not have a significant unique selling point in its composition, Martin was very successful in establishing and defending a good market position for her company, despite some setbacks. On 17 October 1831, she deposited her "factory mark" with the
Council of Trade Experts of the City of Cologne. In
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On 5 July 1828, Martin wrote to the
Cologne government and asked for "examination and certification of the quality of the lemon balm water produced by her by the royal medical authority". She stated that she had worked for a longer period of time as a "manufacturer" in a convent that financed itself
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On the other hand, it is undisputed that Martin possessed the ability to produce a melissa spirit comparable to the
Carmelite spirit from Regensburg, which was also available in Cologne at the time and dominated the market. Nevertheless, the Koblenz medical authority, to which the Cologne authority
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to distinguish business and goods, which was not covered by its royal authorisation. This coat of arms contained, in addition to the eagle proper, a crown on the escutcheon as well as the
Prussian provincial and territorial arms. It was flanked by two "wild men" as shield bearers. However, Martin
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In the following years, Farina had several disputes and complaints about competitors who used the
Prussian eagle for their products without permission, whereby the responsible authorities initially did not intervene in their favour due to a lack of legal basis. Conversely, the companies concerned
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about her melissa spirit. Shortly before her death, she wrote her will on 5 April 1843, in which she made "Peter
Schaeben, who lives with me" the "heir to my entire estate, trusting that he will faithfully maintain the pious attitude he has shown since then throughout his life". Maria Clementine
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on her products, which she underlined, among other things, with her merits in action after the Battle of
Waterloo. This privilege was granted to it on 28 November 1829, making it one of the few Cologne-based companies in the production of Cologne to be allowed to bear the royal coat of arms. The
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had handed over the case for a decision, refused to test and protect their product: a chemical analysis or a comparative test against the competing product from
Regensburg was not possible because of the similarity of such products. Moreover, any pharmacist could produce the comparable
170:, possibly also in battle. Heckelmann assigns descriptions of this kind rather to the legends about Martin, but is of the opinion that she was active in the Prussian military hospitals and was therefore honoured by King
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which was supposed to protect against "pestilential diseases". This name originated from an account according to which, during the French wars, thieves looted corpses on the battlefields, whereby the rubs with the
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in 1811, according to which all Franciscan convents were to be dissolved. This was accompanied by economic impoverishment for the sisters. They received little compensation in the form of annual pensions.
386:, which took place between May and October 1851. She bequeathed the business to her assistant Peter Gustav Schaeben (1815–1885), who expanded it considerably and distributed the products worldwide.
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The stay from 1815 to 1821 is not documented with certainty. According to Martin's own information, which is not precisely determined, she lived for eight years in Brussels in the
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house Auf der Litsch 1. There she probably nursed the sick 86-year-old cathedral vicar Hermann Gumpertz (b. 1739), whose house it was. In this building, she produced
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succeeded in obtaining approval for the use of the full coat of arms by replying to the Cologne government authority as well as to the Westphalian chief president
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and led downhill past the west façade of Cologne Cathedral in a north-south direction, connecting Trankgasse and the cathedral monastery.
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and bought in the 1830s. It was from there that she first advertised a Carmelite spirit she produced, with an advertisement in the
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complained about Martin, as the latter was not only using the Prussian eagle as part of the Prussian coat of arms, but the entire
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Kölnisch Wasser und Melissengeist. Die Geschichte der Klosterfrau Maria Clementine Martin (1775–1843). Eine kritische Rückschau.
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Ein sich selbst empfehlend ächtes Kölnische Wasser, ist zu haben auf der Litsch Nro. 1, die große Flasche zu 6 Sgr. 3Pf.
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via her native city of Brussels. There is evidence of a stay there until 1815. According to various sources, after the
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Mit 77 macht Rechtsanwalt Helmut Heckelmann an der Uni Regensburg seinen Doktor – das Thema beschäftigt ihn seit 1975.
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of 17 June 1827. At the same time, in addition to the aforementioned cologne, she offered a lavender water and a
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from 1821 to 1825, on the other hand, is considered certain. She lived there in a house belonging to the
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officer Johann Heinrich de Martin and Christine de Martin von Mergenthal. In 1783, her parents moved to
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The company was founded with the entry on 23 May 1826 in the municipal magistrate's register (
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Schaebens Jubiläumsbuch – 75 Jahre Haus Schaeben & 175 Jahre A. Moras & Comp.
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and cancerous diseases used in the Annuntiatinnenkloster Sankt Anna in Coesfeld.
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In 1827, Martin moved into a house at Domhofgasse 19, which she rented from the
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Erfolgsfaktor Innovation: Ideen systematisch generieren, bewerten und umsetzen.
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of the Carmelite Sisters. However, no other records of this have survived.
864:(in German), vol. 16, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 292–292
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409:(in German), vol. 16, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 291–292
382:. Her water received a first award after her death in August 1843 at the
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on 18 June 1815, Martin cared for the wounded German soldiers under
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in July 1830, which enabled her to maintain her competitive edge.
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About a year after this negative decision, Martin approached King
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Cologne: Der Ratsturm. Seine Geschichte und sein Figurenprogramm
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822:, p. 16, (PDF; 4,29 MB), aufgerufen am 22. März 2020.
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In order to become internationally known, she took part in the
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and abolished. Martin then went to the monastery of Glane near
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agent were said to have protected them from infection by the
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360:. As late as 30 August 1842, advertisements appeared in the
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715:, Länderdienst-Verlag, Berlin-West, 1966, p. 422;
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Martin died on August 9, 1843, and was buried in the
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Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
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Bedeutende Wirtschaftsunternehmen des Kölner Raumes
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650:The small alley Auf der Litsch was located in the
505:, vol. 10.) LIT, Berlin / MĂĽnster / Vienna 2019,
108:Born in Brussels, Martin was the daughter of the
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314:Johann Maria Farina gegenĂĽber dem JĂĽlichs-Platz
142:. As a result, it was affected by a decree of
124:on 2 October 1792 at the age of 17. After the
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430:Schwester Melisse – Die Klosterfrau von Köln
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906:Die Unternehmensgeschichte der Klosterfrau.
745:Springer-Verlag, Berlin among others 2011,
567:Bernd Dreher und Claudia Valder-Knechtges:
307:, whom she asked to be allowed to bear the
713:Hundertfünfzig Jahre Regierungsbezirk Köln
212:In the course of 1825, Martin came to the
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
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116:. She lived there until she entered the
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480:der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät,
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620:
602:, pp. 373–653, p. 514.
569:Leben und Legenden der Ratsturmfiguren
652:Surroundings of the Cologne Cathedral
224:process, which she advertised in the
130:of 1803, the monastery was seized by
85:Statue of Maria Clementine Martin at
432:. Biografischer Roman. GieĂźen 2013,
378:with great sympathy. Her grave is a
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18:
699:Quoted after Heckelmann, p. 92
690:Quoted after Heckelmann, p. 91
638:Maria Clementine Martin (1775–1843)
623:Maria Clementine Martin (1775–1843)
460:publishig house, MV-Wissenschaft, (
447:Maria Clementine Martin (1775–1843)
174:with an annual life annuity of 160
13:
993:19th-century German businesspeople
790:Heckelmann, pp. 143–155
781:Heckelmann, pp. 107–112
594:, vol. 21), Bachem, Cologne 1996,
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988:19th-century German businesswomen
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100:, an alcoholic extract of herbs.
1008:Businesspeople from Lower Saxony
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732:Heckelmann, pp. 93–94
389:Martin died in Cologne aged 68.
354:Kunst- und Industrie-Ausstellung
340:Differentiation from competitors
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464:, fascicule 62), MĂĽnster 2015,
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540:Heckelmann fascicule 62, p. 30
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293:Alcoolat de melissa compositum
150:Martin finally arrived in the
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978:19th-century German inventors
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168:Field Marshal General BlĂĽcher
127:Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
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799:Heckelmann, p. 156-175
267:vinegar de quatres voleurs,
45:1 or 2 refs need attention.
43:. The specific problem is:
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917:Ursula Köhler-Lutterbeck:
856:"Martin, Maria Clementine"
831:Ursula Köhler-Lutterbeck:
462:Forschungen zur Volkskunde
401:"Martin, Maria Clementine"
344:Although her main product
912:Klosterfrau Melissengeist
451:Monsenstein und Vannerdat
322:Mittleres Wappen PreuĂźens
299:Use of the Prussian eagle
259:Cologne Cathedral Chapter
120:convent of Sankt Anna in
98:Klosterfrau Melissengeist
920:Mit Gott und den PreuĂźen
888:Mittelbayerische Zeitung
861:Neue Deutsche Biographie
834:Mit Gott und den PreuĂźen
681:Heckelmann,p. 79ff.
406:Neue Deutsche Biographie
808:Heiko HĂĽnemeyer (ed.):
756:Maria Clementine Martin
516:Maria Clementine Martin
309:Coat of arms of Prussia
103:
94:Maria Clementine Martin
854:Petra Witting (1990),
772:Heckelmann, p. 96
672:Heckelmann, p. 68
663:Heckelmann, p. 75
482:Universität Regensburg
399:Petra Witting (1990),
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248:Martin's gravesite at
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497:, Helmut Heckelmann:
305:Friedrich William III
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220:by means of a simple
172:Frederick William III
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16:German business woman
278:and other diseases.
228:on 6 November 1825:
50:improve this article
39:to meet Knowledge's
741:Heinz-Kurt Wahren:
558:Heckelmann pp.48ff.
384:London World's Fair
238:commercial register
160:Province of Brabant
891:, 21 January 2015.
575:, Bernd Ernsting,
474:Inhaltsverzeichnis
255:
194:Domkapitel MĂĽnster
164:Battle of Waterloo
140:Franciscan Sisters
91:
879:Louisa Knobloch:
820:978-3-940371-00-3
751:978-3-642-17033-1
640:. pp. 59–66.
625:. pp. 57–58.
600:978-3-7616-1156-2
511:978-3-643-14365-5
470:978-3-95645-480-6
443:Helmut Heckelmann
438:978-3-7655-1804-1
363:Kölnische Zeitung
282:Lemon balm spirit
263:Kölnische Zeitung
226:Kölnische Zeitung
87:Cologne City Hall
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41:quality standards
32:This article may
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58:October 2021
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48:Please help
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1003:1843 deaths
998:1775 births
580: [
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52:if you can.
972:Categories
528:References
272:antiseptic
252:in Cologne
188:A stay in
152:Paterskerk
721:457248386
449:. Verlag
202:fistulous
950:Business
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841:Die Zeit
484:, 2014).
358:Heumarkt
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962:Germany
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717:DNB-IDN
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276:plague
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156:Tienen
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114:Jever
816:ISBN
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596:ISBN
507:ISBN
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434:ISBN
104:Life
924:In
909:In
885:In
838:In
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590:, (
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