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379:. After leaving Kornilov's headquarters, she was again detained by the Bolsheviks and, after they learned of her connection with the Whites, was scheduled to be executed. She was rescued, however, by a soldier who had served with her in the Imperial Army in 1915 and who convinced the Bolsheviks to stay her execution. She was granted an external passport and allowed to leave the country. Bochkareva then made her way to
100:
284:
She suffered another injury that left her paralyzed for four months. After she recovered, she returned to the front as a senior non-commissioned officer delivering supplies to a platoon of seventy men. Men of the regiment treated her with ridicule or sexually harassed her until she proved her courage
312:
the creation of an all-female combat unit that she claimed would fix the Army's morale problem. She believed that it would shame the men into again supporting the war effort. Once she agreed to lead the unit, her proposal was approved by Army
Commander-in-Chief Brusilov, and she approached Minister
268:
in 1914, Bochkareva left Buk and returned to Tomsk. In
November, she was rejected by the 25th Tomsk Reserve Battalion of the Imperial Russian Army. The commander suggested that she try joining the Red Cross instead. When she insisted that she wanted to fight with the men, the commander helped her
359:—another women's unit did, the 1st Petrograd Women's Battalion. Bochkareva's unit disbanded after facing increasing hostility from the remaining male troops at the front. Bochkareva returned to Petrograd where she was briefly detained by the
256:
417:
on July 10, 1918, during which she begged the president to intervene in Russia. Wilson was apparently so moved by her emotional appeal that he responded with tears in his eyes and promised to do what he could.
344:. The women of the unit performed well in combat, but the vast majority of male soldiers, already demoralised, had little inclination to fight. Bochkareva herself was wounded in the battle and sent back to
273:
requesting his personal permission. When she obtained his approval, she underwent three months' training and was sent to front-line duty with the 5th Corps, 28th
Regiment of the Second Army, stationed at
351:
Bochkareva was only marginally involved in the creation of other women's combat units formed in Russia during the spring and summer of 1917. Her unit was at the front at the time of the
989:
984:
336:
on June 25, 1917. After a month of training, Bochkareva and her unit became attached to the First
Siberian Corps and was sent to the Russian western front to participate in the
832:
Jerome
Landfield to Secretary Breckenridge Long, July 13, 1918. Department of State communique, Long Papers, box 38, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
228:, Siberia, where they worked as labourers. Her husband abused her, causing her to leave him. She found a job as a servant to employers who coerced her into working in their
650:
1009:
236:
where Maria began a relationship with a local Jewish man named Yakov (or Yankel) Buk. She and Buk opened a butcher shop, but in May 1912 Buk was arrested for
285:
in battle. Eventually, she became exhausted from her physical injuries and lost interest in her military post. She was discharged in the spring of 1917.
464:
where she was interrogated for four months. Ultimately, she was sentenced to death and executed as an "enemy of the working class". She was shot by the
220:
Maria
Frolkova was born to a peasant family in the village of Nikolskoye in July 1889. Her father was a sergeant in the imperial army who fought in the
1004:
959:
483:
281:
After she was wounded in the arm and leg, Bochkareva worked as a medical sister until she returned to the front as a corporal in charge of eleven men.
244:. Bochkareva followed him into exile, primarily on foot, where the couple established another butcher shop. Buk was caught stealing again and sent to
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994:
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317:. Although female recruitment went against army regulations, the all-female battalion was granted special dispensation. This was the first
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but returned to
Petrograd again in early 1918. She claims to have then received a telegram asking her to take a message to General
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initially attracted around 2,000 women volunteers, but the commander's strict discipline drove all but around 300 out of the unit.
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340:, where Bochkareva was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. The unit was involved in one major battle—near the town of
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The rushed training of the battalion was led by twenty-five male instructors from the
Volunskii Regiment of the
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429:. After leaving the United States, she traveled to Great Britain where she was granted an audience with
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460:, but before she could complete this task she was recaptured by the Bolsheviks. She was sent to
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In April 1919, she returned to Tomsk and attempted to form a women's medical detachment under
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651:"Overlooked No More: Maria Bochkareva, Who Led Women Into Battle in WWI - The New York Times"
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in 1913. Once again
Bochkareva followed him. Buk began drinking heavily and became abusive.
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They Fought for the
Motherland: Russia's Women's Soldiers in World War I and the Revolution
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8:
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Women heroes of World War I : 16 remarkable resisters, soldiers, spies, and medics
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278:. She was decorated for rescuing fifty wounded soldiers from the field.
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24:
740:
Amazons to Fighter Pilots: A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women
766:
Amazon to Fighter Pilots: A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women
224:. She left home at sixteen to marry Afanasy Bochkarev. They moved to
449:
in August 1918 and attempted to organise another unit, but failed.
376:
233:
201:
816:
Bochkareva, Mariia Leontievna Frolkova; Levine, Isaac Don (1919).
545:
As told to Isaac Don Levine (New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1919.
383:, where she left for the United States on the U.S. Army Transport
341:
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241:
237:
229:
32:
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212:. She was the first Russian woman to command a military unit.
190:
465:
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225:
684:. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Press. pp. 99–105.
476:
Maria Bochkareva is one of the heroines of the Russian film
822:. Robarts - University of Toronto. London : Constable.
875:
Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926
304:
After the abdication of the Tsar in early 1917 due to the
990:
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United Kingdom
985:
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
878:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 209–.
840:
838:
507: – First World War soldier and nurse (1876–1956)
184:
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gave her 500 rubles of funding to return to Russia.
421:
While in New York, Bochkareva dictated her memoirs,
835:
1010:White movement people executed by the Soviet Union
531: – Women participating in military activities
871:
440:
363:. She secured permission to rejoin her family in
921:
815:
16:Russian female soldier and counter revolutionary
704:
543:Yashka: My Life as Peasant, Exile, and Soldier.
788:
423:Yashka: My Life As Peasant, Exile, and Soldier
355:and did not participate in the defence of the
819:Yashka, my life as peasant, exile and soldier
743:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 61.
711:. University Press of Kansas. pp. 71–2.
588:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 60.
392:
851:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 8–.
912:
782:
763:
736:
581:
486:and released to cinemas in February 2015.
52:
1005:People executed by Russia by firing squad
960:Russian military personnel of World War I
865:
848:Encyclopedia of Russian Women's Movements
845:Norma C. Noonan; Carol Nechemias (2001).
413:She was granted a meeting with President
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673:
321:to be organised in Russia. Bochkareva's
287:
255:
792:The First World War: A Complete History
607:
605:
425:, to a Russian emigre journalist named
995:Victims of Red Terror in Soviet Russia
970:Women in the Imperial Russian military
922:
872:Jonathan D. Smele (19 November 2015).
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495:published a belated obituary for her.
323:1st Russian Women's Battalion of Death
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519: – World War I soldier and nurse
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950:Memoirists from the Russian Empire
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955:Feminists from the Russian Empire
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940:People from Kirillovsky District
111:
98:
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535:
525: – Canadian female soldier
332:. The battalion was blessed at
975:Russian Provisional Government
809:
757:
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441:Return to Russia and execution
1:
945:People from Kirillovsky Uyezd
557:
215:
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
965:Russian women in World War I
613:"Мария Леонтьевна Бочкарева"
175:Мари́я Лео́нтьевна Бочкарёва
127:25th Tomsk Reserve Battalion
7:
680:Atwood, Kathryn J. (2014).
513: – Serbian war heroine
498:
330:Petrograd Military District
269:compose a telegram to Tsar
186:Maria Leontievna Bochkareva
185:
167:María Leontievna Bochkareva
10:
1026:
764:Pennington, Reina (2003).
737:Pennington, Reina (2003).
582:Pennington, Reina (2003).
298:Women's Battalion of Death
169:(July 1889 – 16 May 1920;
19:In this name that follows
18:
585:Amazons to Fighter Pilots
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393:United States and Britain
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131:
123:
93:
77:
60:
51:
44:
705:Laurie S. Stoff (2006).
401:, Bochkareva arrived in
260:Maria Bochkareva in 1915
980:Russian anti-communists
789:Martin Gilbert (2008).
397:Sponsored by socialite
371:, who was commanding a
334:Saint Isaac's Cathedral
196:(Фролко́ва), nicknamed
1000:Executed Russian women
445:Bochkareva arrived in
301:
261:
204:soldier who fought in
529:Women in the military
291:
259:
81:16 May 1920 (aged 30)
523:Leslie Joy Whitehead
405:and made her way to
232:. They moved her to
768:. Greenwood Press.
541:Maria Botchkareva.
517:Ecaterina Teodoroiu
306:February Revolution
264:At the outbreak of
904:Battalion of Death
656:The New York Times
435:British War Office
389:on 18 April 1918.
353:October Revolution
338:Kerensky Offensive
315:Alexander Kerensky
308:, she proposed to
302:
296:with women of the
262:
154:Kerensky Offensive
885:978-1-4422-5281-3
858:978-0-313-30438-5
802:978-1-4091-0279-3
691:978-1-61374-686-8
468:on May 16, 1920.
458:Aleksandr Kolchak
399:Florence Harriman
319:women's battalion
310:Mikhail Rodzianko
222:Russo-Turkish War
210:Women's Battalion
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136:Women's Battalion
68:Kirillovsky Uyezd
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615:. Archived from
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484:Dmitriy Meskhiev
427:Isaac Don Levine
411:Washington, D.C.
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118:Russian Republic
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659:. 26 April 2018
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292:Bochkareva and
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661:. Retrieved
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621:. Retrieved
617:the original
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536:Bibliography
505:Flora Sandes
490:
489:In 2018 the
488:
482:directed by
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451:
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283:
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240:and sent to
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142:Battles/wars
88:Russian SFSR
66:Nikolskoye,
36:
28:
935:1920 deaths
930:1889 births
795:. Phoenix.
551:Archive.org
462:Krasnoyarsk
447:Arkhangelsk
381:Vladivostok
271:Nicholas II
266:World War I
206:World War I
149:World War I
84:Krasnoyarsk
33:family name
924:Categories
775:0313327076
750:0313327076
718:0700614850
663:2022-02-03
623:2015-02-21
595:0313327076
558:References
454:White Army
373:White Army
361:Bolsheviks
216:Early life
94:Allegiance
37:Bochkareva
29:Leontievna
25:patronymic
479:Battalion
346:Petrograd
180:romanized
108:(to 1917)
64:July 1889
499:See also
456:Admiral
386:Sheridan
377:Caucasus
234:Sretensk
200:) was a
194:Frolkova
132:Commands
375:in the
342:Smarhon
313:of War
276:Polotsk
242:Yakutsk
238:larceny
230:brothel
202:Russian
182::
171:Russian
911:
882:
855:
799:
772:
747:
715:
688:
592:
547:online
472:Legacy
433:. The
300:, 1917
198:Yashka
103:
23:, the
466:Cheka
365:Tomsk
226:Tomsk
909:IMDb
880:ISBN
853:ISBN
797:ISBN
770:ISBN
745:ISBN
713:ISBN
686:ISBN
590:ISBN
409:and
246:Amga
124:Unit
78:Died
61:Born
907:at
191:née
35:is
27:is
926::
837:^
727:^
672:^
653:.
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566:^
553:))
189:,
177:,
173::
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888:.
861:.
805:.
778:.
753:.
721:.
694:.
666:.
626:.
598:.
549:(
39:.
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