184:: the physical limit of the city, on the edge of the sea, becomes a frame that widens. An open visual space. The views of a city that follow the course of a river that traverses its architecture also provide a cinematic diversity of perspective and movement: a first view of the city from a distance, then it gets closer to your heart and, finally, it moves away. In the words of architectural historian Renzo Dubbini, as one moves with the flow of the current, "the view is regulated by a continuous flow of images that changes constantly. The observation point moves along a succession of the innumerable points of view that make up a geographical route ".
20:
28:
121:. He then directed a large team of decorative and scene painters for eight months, to transfer the sketches onto the 19,500 m² (around 210,000 square feet) of canvas. Mounted on large cylinders supported by floats, and driven by hydraulic motors, the two canvases unrolled past the spectators over the course of the simulated journey. The upper edge of each canvas was hooked to small trolleys on a rail and reinforced with a thin steel band to prevent sagging. The cylinders themselves were concealed by curtains and props.
188:
forms by accumulation, such as painted panoramas, moving images or live performances. In order to add to the illusion of a sea voyage, fans created an ocean breeze, which whistled in the rigging. Lighting effects created day- and night-time, as well as flashes of lightning. There were also sounds of the ship's
136:
The realism of the attraction derives both from the theme they represent and from the technology that puts passengers in the middle of things and the simulated movement. There was even a
Mareorama that lasted half an hour and accommodated seven hundred spectators at a time, which offered a plausible
187:
The different scenarios reproduced reality in different ways. Whether relying on the optical illusions generated by the spectators, making references to other realistic genres such as the wax museum, or mechanically simulating the movement with a motion platform. Or whereas, juxtaposing multiple
88:
films. Seeing the success that it had generated, many entrepreneurs tried to incorporate moving images into their already existing amusements, because the recreational qualities of the moving images by themselves were not totally appreciable. So, instead of thinking that the images in movement
157:.It was a sensory journey both in time and space. Mareorama, in that way, turned the spectators into "passengers" of a ship, since it simulated the emotion of traveling by sea with moving images, by consisting of a 33 m (around 108 ft) long replica of a
112:
The two paintings were continuous images of the sea and shoreline from the trip. They were each 750 m (2,460.63 ft) long and 13 m (42.65 ft) tall. To create them, d'Alesi sketched the highlights from a year-long trip he took between
124:
Spectators stood on a platform which represented the deck of a steamship, complete with smoking funnels and steam whistles. In order to give it a rolling and pitching motion, it was mounted on a 5 m (16 ft) square iron frame on a
109:. The Mareorama simultaneously developed two panoramas in motion to the delight of the spectators, who placed themselves among them to create the illusion of being on the deck of a ship.
523:
196:
element of the simulation. Overall, the whole experience was complemented by actors portraying deck hands, rushing about, "ostensibly to help anyone who may suffer from
210:
played by an orchestra that could not be seen while the images were represented in the
Mareorama. In this way, the sensorial direction of the panorama was multiplied.
133:, chains, and electric motors allowed the platform to pitch by up to 50 cm (20 inches) from horizontal, and to roll by up to 20 cm (8 inches).
48:
606:
452:
213:
This is how a technological march towards an increasingly perfectly realistic reproduction was created and eventually, towards the invention of
217:. However, having said that, in the end the cinema ended up eclipsing the popularity of the panoramas in the early years of the 20th century.
953:
562:
890:
330:
89:
threatened the panoramas of that time, entrepreneurs initially incorporated films on their panoramic screens with great enthusiasm.
714:
62:. It is regarded as one of the last major developments in the technology of panoramas, shortly before the medium became obsolete.
943:
680:
958:
870:
914:
445:
97:
Exhibited at the Paris
Exposition in 1900, the attraction was located inside a building in the amusement section, on the
656:
618:
420:
386:
359:
272:
245:
848:
730:
202:". Finally, to impact in all senses at once and obtain the most realistic effect possible, they also presented a
644:
438:
376:
262:
349:
235:
600:
461:
44:
921:
650:
85:
781:
858:
674:
662:
612:
760:
751:
594:
885:
812:
776:
688:
138:
114:
70:
Between 1892 and 1900, many attractions were successful for the first time in the form of
19:
8:
703:
568:
742:
479:
948:
832:
827:
822:
581:
130:
55:
51:
880:
549:
491:
416:
382:
355:
268:
241:
106:
908:
536:
807:
299:
Exposition
Universelle de 1900 Rapport Général Administratif et technique Tome VII
27:
865:
162:
102:
59:
214:
207:
937:
875:
638:
483:
475:
98:
77:
177:
The sensation of approach and detachment is experienced in an effect of the
853:
802:
737:
511:
23:
Founder share of the Soc. du "Maréorama Hugo d'Alési", issued 25 march 1899
797:
81:
631:
430:
137:
itinerary to several ports. Among these we find a simulated voyage from
198:
178:
193:
189:
181:
166:
158:
54:, a painter of advertising posters, and was a combination of moving
203:
142:
118:
668:
378:
Spectacular
Realities: Early Mass Culture in Fin-de-Siècle Paris
76:. For instance, in 1894, people could see moving photographs in
154:
150:
146:
126:
524:
A Meeting in the Royal Danish
Academy of Sciences and Letters
495:
487:
172:
264:
Atlas of
Emotion: Journeys in Art, Architecture, and Film
84:
and, starting in
December 1895, they could see the first
192:and the steam siren. Seaweed and tar provided an
935:
410:
725:
697:
625:
588:
543:
446:
237:Hydraulic Fluid Power - A Historical Timeline
415:. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 74, 168.
71:
453:
439:
460:
402:"The Mareorama at the Paris Exposition".
316:(in French). 1 July 1900 – via BNF.
173:Optical illusion and reproduced sensation
374:
26:
18:
517:
347:
233:
43:was an entertainment attraction at the
936:
681:The Seine at Port-Marly, Piles of Sand
575:
556:
296:
563:The Proclamation of Dušan's Law Codex
530:
434:
260:
954:Water transport in the Mediterranean
325:
323:
292:
290:
288:
286:
284:
31:Illustration of the Mareorama, from
375:Schwartz, Vanessa R. (1998-01-25).
13:
657:Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi
619:Struggle of the Two Natures in Man
381:. University of California Press.
14:
970:
320:
281:
849:Chemin de fer de Petite Ceinture
337:(in French): 67–70. 9 June 1900.
731:The Exhibit of American Negroes
689:Palace of Agriculture and Food
645:A Cotton Office in New Orleans
368:
341:
305:
301:(in French). pp. 220–223.
254:
227:
92:
65:
1:
944:Exposition Universelle (1900)
693:Palace of Diverse Industries
234:Skinner, Steve (2014-07-19).
220:
161:and 2 panoramas (one for the
959:Mediterranean Sea in fiction
7:
782:Paris 1900 chess tournament
10:
975:
922:Verset laïque et somptueux
675:Portrait of Alphonse Leroy
901:
841:
790:
769:
721:Palace of Social Economy
663:Haymaking in the Auvergne
504:
468:
406:: 198. 29 September 1900.
348:Comment, Bernard (2002).
752:The Defense of the Sampo
411:Bernard Comment (1999).
261:Bruno, Giuliana (2002).
761:Royal Pavilion of Spain
651:Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe
297:Picard, Alfred (1903).
915:Paris Exposition, 1900
72:
36:
24:
871:Gare du Champ de Mars
607:The Little White Girl
462:1900 Paris Exposition
73:pantomimes lumineuses
45:1900 Paris Exposition
30:
22:
777:1900 Summer Olympics
747:Pavilion of Finland
169:) on large rollers.
47:. It was created by
595:Colonel Thomas Cass
569:The Takovo Uprising
404:Scientific American
131:hydraulic cylinders
129:. A combination of
101:, at the corner of
56:panoramic paintings
33:Scientific American
828:Pont Alexandre III
823:Passerelle Debilly
582:Out into the World
354:. Reaktion Books.
165:side, one for the
37:
25:
931:
930:
842:Urban development
710:Palace of Optics
601:The Great God Pan
492:Bois de Vincennes
107:avenue de Suffren
86:Lumière brothers'
966:
909:Lafayette dollar
743:Trocadéro Palace
729:
727:
701:
699:
642:
640:
629:
627:
613:The Medicine Man
592:
590:
579:
577:
566:first version -
560:
558:
547:
545:
537:Sad Inheritance!
534:
532:
521:
519:
482:, esplanade des
455:
448:
441:
432:
431:
426:
407:
393:
392:
372:
366:
365:
345:
339:
338:
327:
318:
317:
312:"Le Maréorama".
309:
303:
302:
294:
279:
278:
258:
252:
251:
231:
75:
974:
973:
969:
968:
967:
965:
964:
963:
934:
933:
932:
927:
897:
837:
833:Rue de l'Avenir
786:
765:
724:
715:Great Telescope
696:
637:
624:
587:
574:
555:
542:
529:
516:
500:
486:, banks of the
464:
459:
429:
423:
401:
397:
396:
389:
373:
369:
362:
346:
342:
329:
328:
321:
311:
310:
306:
295:
282:
275:
259:
255:
248:
232:
228:
223:
175:
95:
68:
60:motion platform
17:
16:Moving panorama
12:
11:
5:
972:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
929:
928:
926:
925:
918:
911:
905:
903:
899:
898:
896:
895:
894:
893:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
862:
861:
851:
845:
843:
839:
838:
836:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
794:
792:
788:
787:
785:
784:
779:
773:
771:
767:
766:
764:
763:
758:
757:
756:
745:
740:
735:
734:
733:
719:
718:
717:
708:
707:
706:
691:
686:
685:
684:
635:
622:
585:
572:
553:
540:
527:
508:
506:
502:
501:
499:
498:
473:
469:
466:
465:
458:
457:
450:
443:
435:
428:
427:
421:
408:
398:
395:
394:
387:
367:
360:
340:
331:"Le Maréorama"
319:
314:La Vie Moderne
304:
280:
273:
253:
246:
225:
224:
222:
219:
174:
171:
143:Constantinople
119:Constantinople
94:
91:
67:
64:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
971:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
924:
923:
919:
917:
916:
912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
900:
892:
889:
888:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
876:Gare de Javel
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
860:
859:Le Train Bleu
857:
856:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
844:
840:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
808:Globe Céleste
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
793:
789:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
768:
762:
759:
754:
753:
749:
748:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
732:
723:
722:
720:
716:
712:
711:
709:
705:
704:Star of India
695:
694:
692:
690:
687:
683:
682:
677:
676:
671:
670:
665:
664:
659:
658:
653:
652:
647:
646:
636:
634:
633:
623:
621:
620:
615:
614:
609:
608:
603:
602:
597:
596:
586:
584:
583:
573:
571:
570:
565:
564:
554:
552:
551:
541:
539:
538:
528:
526:
525:
515:
514:
513:
510:
509:
507:
503:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:Champ de Mars
474:
471:
470:
467:
463:
456:
451:
449:
444:
442:
437:
436:
433:
424:
422:1-86189-042-7
418:
414:
409:
405:
400:
399:
390:
388:9780520924208
384:
380:
379:
371:
363:
361:9781861891235
357:
353:
352:
344:
336:
332:
326:
324:
315:
308:
300:
293:
291:
289:
287:
285:
276:
274:9781859848029
270:
266:
265:
257:
249:
247:9781291676891
243:
239:
238:
230:
226:
218:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
185:
183:
180:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:, passing by
144:
140:
134:
132:
128:
122:
120:
116:
110:
108:
104:
100:
99:Champ de Mars
90:
87:
83:
79:
78:Thomas Edison
74:
63:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
34:
29:
21:
920:
913:
886:Métro Line 1
881:Hôtel Régina
866:Gare d'Orsay
854:Gare de Lyon
817:
803:Eiffel Tower
750:
738:Petit Palais
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
630:
617:
611:
605:
599:
593:
580:
567:
561:
548:
535:
522:
512:Grand Palais
413:The Panorama
412:
403:
377:
370:
351:The Panorama
350:
343:
334:
313:
307:
298:
263:
256:
240:. Lulu.com.
236:
229:
212:
206:composed by
197:
186:
176:
139:Villefranche
135:
123:
115:Villefranche
111:
103:Quai d'Orsay
96:
69:
58:and a large
49:Hugo d'Alesi
40:
38:
32:
813:Grande Roue
791:Attractions
208:H. Kowalski
93:Functioning
82:kinetoscope
66:Development
938:Categories
632:Melancolie
221:References
199:mal de mer
949:Panoramas
891:entrances
818:Mareorama
798:Cinéorama
505:Pavilions
484:Invalides
480:Trocadéro
335:La Nature
267:. Verso.
194:olfactory
182:telescope
179:kinematic
167:starboard
159:steamship
41:Mareorama
204:symphony
669:La Loge
902:Others
770:Events
755:fresco
550:Spring
419:
385:
358:
271:
244:
215:cinema
155:Venice
153:, and
151:Naples
147:Sousse
127:gimbal
35:, 1900
496:Paris
488:Seine
190:screw
713:The
702:The
639:C.FR
490:and
472:Site
417:ISBN
383:ISBN
356:ISBN
269:ISBN
242:ISBN
163:port
117:and
105:and
52:(fr)
39:The
626:INT
141:to
80:'s
940::
726:US
698:US
678:-
672:-
666:-
660:-
654:-
648:-
616:-
610:-
604:-
598:-
589:US
576:RU
557:RS
544:GB
531:ES
518:DK
494:.
478:,
333:.
322:^
283:^
149:,
728::
700::
641::
628::
591::
578::
559::
546::
533::
520::
454:e
447:t
440:v
425:.
391:.
364:.
277:.
250:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.